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Heavy metal pollution is one of the major environmental problems affecting all living organisms, both animals and plants. This study aimed to determine the impact of adding powder of silybum and licorice plants at concentrations 4 and 8 g/kg soil each on the concentration of protein and carbohydrates in bean plant seeds grown in soils contaminated with cobalt at concentrations 25 and 50 and copper at concentrations 75 and 90 mg/kg soil. The soil was treated with the two plants powder to reduce the negative influences of heavy elements by increasing the plant resistance. The study showed that treating the soil with silybum powder at a concentration of 4 g/kg soil gave the best result in the concentration of protein and carbohydrates, as it reached 4.88 mg/g for protein and 8.75 mg/g for carbohydrates. While the cobalt treatment at a concentration of 50 mg/kg soil gave the lowest concentration of protein, which amounted to 0.46 mg/g, and for carbohydrates, which amounted to 1.87 mg/g. The addition of silybum Powder at a concentration of 8 g/ kg soil to plants grown in soils contaminated with cobalt at a concentration of 25 mg/kg soil gave the best result with a concentration of protein and it amounted to 1.53 mg/g. The addition of silybum powder at the same concentration for plants grown in treatment soils with copper at a concentration of 75 mg/kg, the soil gave the best concentration for carbohydrates, and it reached 3.85 mg/g compared to the control treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the study results of soybean in the Ryazan district of the Ryazan region in 2013-2015. The paper considers the effect of biologically active preparations based on nanoparticles of iron, cobalt and copper on such physiological, biochemical and productive indexes of soybean as field germination, plant and root height, plant and root weight, leaf area, elements of yield structure, productivity and chemical composition. The study showed that the bio-preparation based on nanoparticles of copper increased the plant height on 9.7% in the branching phase and the weight of vegetative part of the plants on 26.4%. The application of the bio-preparation based on nanoparticles of cobalt gave the best result. The root weight of the plants during a vegetation period increased on 17.7%, productivity of soybean grain increased on 20% and content of protein in grain increased on 4.9% compared with the control variety. The field trials of efficiency of preparations based on nanoparticles of iron, cobalt and copper in the cultivation technology of the soybean in the Central Non-Black earth part of RF showed that nanoparticles of cobalt possess the best efficiency that promotes the further study and introduction of growth regulator into production.

Galvanic corrosion between cobalt (Co) and copper (Cu) and surface finishing in barrier chemical mechanic polishing (CMP) are two research hotspots in 14 nm and sub integrated circuit technology node. This paper discusses the effect of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) chelator and 1, 2, 4-triazole (TAZ) inhibitor on cobalt corrosion and Co/Cu surface finishing in colloidal silica based slurry at pH 10. FTIR results show that KHP can chelate with cobalt and copper ions in the form of chelating bidentate bridge. The potentiodynamic polarization and SEM results reveal that cobalt corrosion is reduced with the synergistic effect of H 2 O 2 and KHP; the addition of TAZ is beneficial for inhibiting the corrosion of cobalt and improving the surface roughness of Co/Cu. Meanwhile, the mechanism of cobalt corrosion is explored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). An optimized colloidal silica based slurry containing KHP and TAZ obtained an acceptable corrosion potential gap (10 mV) and desirable removal rate selectivity to Co/Cu (0.76); low surface roughness (Co:Ra 1.70 nm, Cu:Ra 2.74 nm) with Co and Cu roughness reduction about 71% and 75%, respectively. • New chelator is used for exhibiting corrosion effect on cobalt. • New slurry formation showed good polishing performance. • Proposing a new mechanism of cobalt passivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]