Search

This research evolves into a comparative study of three different phenolic composites as coatings for rigid contact lenses, with a particular emphasis on enhancing their antifouling properties and hydrophobicity. The primary layer, comprised of diverse phenolic compounds, serves as a sturdy foundation. An exclusive secondary layer, featuring synthetic peptoids, is introduced to further minimize biofouling. Validated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the surface analysis confirms the successful integration of the polyphenolic layers and the subsequent grafting of peptoids onto the lens surface. The efficacy of the proposed coatings is substantiated through protein adsorption tests, providing definitive evidence of their antifouling capabilities. This research employs a nuanced assessment of coating performance, utilizing the quantification of fluorescence intensity to gauge effectiveness. Additionally, contact angle measurements offer insights into wettability and surface characteristics, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the coatings practicality.

Porous composite battery electrode performance is influenced by a large number of manufacturing decisions. While it is common to evaluate only finished electrodes when making process adjustments, one must then make inferences about the fabrication process dynamics from static results, which makes process optimization very costly and time-consuming. To get information about the dynamics of the manufacturing processes of these composites, we have built a miniature coating and drying apparatus capable of fabricating lab-scale electrode laminates while operating within an X-ray beamline hutch. Using this tool, we have collected the first radiography image sequences of lab-scale battery electrode coatings in profile, taken throughout drying processes conducted under industrially relevant conditions. To assist with interpretation of these image sequences, we developed an automated image analysis program. Here, we discuss our observations of battery electrode slurry samples, including stratification and long-term fluid flow, and their relevance to composite electrode manufacturing.

In this study, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs)/TiO2 composite coatings were fabricated using atmospheric plasma spraying. The phase composition and microstructure of composite coatings were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, tribological tests were conducted using a ball-on-disc tribometer under dry sliding conditions. XRD analysis reveals the transformation of partial anatase TiO2 to rutile TiO2. SEM images demonstrate that the incorporation of BNNSs has no discernible impact on the coating’s morphology. The TiO2-BNNSs coating exhibited a reduction in both volume loss and wear rate by approximately 71.5% and 55.9%, respectively, in comparison to the TiO2 coating. The potential strengthening mechanisms of the composite coating are further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epoxy-nanomaterials offer a promising solution to combat corrosion threatening civil infrastructure. To examine the impact of nano silica on corrosion resistance, varying amounts of nano silica, ranging from 0.0 to 3 wt%, were introduced into the epoxy matrix. Mechanical properties were studied through studying the dog-bone tensile strength and tribological aspects were assessed through mass loss abrasion tests. Corrosion resistance performance was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray tests. Nano structure of the coated specimens was studied after salt spray tests using SEM-EDX analysis. Micro Chromatography (M-Ct) technique was employed to investigate the pore formation in the epoxy matrix. Besides, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was introduced to study surface roughness. The test results displayed a notable improvement (5–10 %) in tensile strength upon the introduction of nano silica. Taber tester results showed a reduction in mass loss with the addition of nano silica. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies further established a significant increase in corrosion resistance, having an impedance of 12 GOhm.cm2 for epoxy matrix samples containing 2.5 % nano silica after a 768-h salt spray test. SEM-EDX analysis revealed the absence of iron content in the epoxy matrix reinforced with uniformly distributed nano silica. Surface roughness assessments illustrated that nanolaminates contributed to an increase in overall roughness, minimizing surface irregularities in the epoxy matrix. Micro-CT scanning results proposed a decrease in epoxy matrix porosity upon the addition of nano silica. AI based prediction model helped to understand the relationship between surface roughness and corrosion. In summary, the experimental findings suggest valuable insights for future advancements in the development of protective coatings for worldwide civil infrastructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxyapatite (HA) or bioceramic-based coatings on stainless steel (SS) 316L significantly enhance the biofunctionality of the base material's surface. However, HA's low thermal conductivity and brittleness limit its effectiveness as a coating material. This study investigates HA coating on SS 316L using electric discharge machining (EDM) with varying discharge energies and powder concentrations. Surface morphology, elemental composition, and phase analysis of untreated and coated samples were characterised using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrate that the HA-assisted EDM process creates a coating comprising biocompatible oxides, phosphates, carbides, and intermetallic compounds. The coating exhibits a thin resolidified layer of 10.74 μm, characterised by redeposited spherical debris, shallow cavities, and a surface texture of 2.688 μm. The layer's hydrophilic nature is confirmed by a minimum contact angle of 47.68°. Taguchi analysis indicates that the machining rate is optimised at an HA powder concentration of 16 g/l, with peak current and HA powder concentration being the most influential parameters affecting resolidified layer thickness, surface texture, and wetting angle. The research intends to motivate SS 316L medical device manufacturers to implement the HA-assisted EDM process for bioimplant's dual machining and coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SiC particles coated with Ti-Si-C layer were prepared by the molten salt synthesis method using NaCl-KCl eutectic mixture as the reaction medium and Ti metal powder as the Ti source. The synthesis was conducted under static argon atmosphere at 900 °C for 1–3 h. The post-synthesis treatment included dissolution of salts in hot water, followed by ultrasonic dispersion and sedimentation procedures. The thickness of the Ti-Si-C layer varied from 0.1 to 0.9 μm as the ratio of Ti to SiC components in the starting mixture changed from 0.05 to 0.4. The layer contained mainly nanocrystalline Ti 5 Si 3 , minor phases were TiC and Ti 3 SiC 2. The as-prepared powders were hot pressed under 30 MPa at 1700 °C. The densification behavior of the samples during hot pressing as well as changes both in phase composition and in microstructure were studied. The flexural strength of the hot-pressed samples increased with an increase in the Ti:SiC molar ratio, giving the value as high as 213 ± 20 MPa for the sample with Ti/SiC = 0.4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

S2‐glass fiber reinforced plastics (S2‐GFRP) and basalt fiber reinforced plastics (BFRP) have emerged as crucial materials due to their exceptional mechanical properties, and milling of composite materials plays an important role in achieving desired properties. However, they have proven challenges due to relative inhomogeneity compared with metals, resulting unpredictability in quality of milling operations. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of cutting parameters, tool geometry and tool surface materials on the surface quality of composites using burrs as a metric. S2‐GFRP and BFRP composites were produced by the vacuum infusion method. Helical and straight flute end mills were manufactured from high‐speed steel (HSS) and carbide rounds, and half of them were coated with titanium nitride using reactive magnetron sputtering technique. Taguchi L18 orthogonal array is used to determine the effect of tool material, tool angle, coating, cutting direction, spindle speed, and feed rate on the machining quality of S2‐GFRPs and BFRPs with respect to burr formations. Milling experiments were conducted under dry conditions and then the burrs were imaged to calculate the total area and length. Statistical analysis was also performed to optimize the machining parameters and tool type for ensuring the structural integrity and performance of the final composite parts. The results showed that the selection of tool material has the most significant impact on the burr area and length of the machined surface. The novel image analysis allows to analyze the extent of the burr size with a desirable operation speed for industrial applications. Highlights: Aerospace grade S2‐Glass (S2‐GFRP) and basalt fiber reinforced plastics (BFRP) were manufactured.Carbide and HSS end mills were fabricated and coated with titanium nitride protective layer.FRPs were machined at various process parameters designed by Taguchi method.Distinctive image processing was firstly used to compute milling induced Burr area and length.Statistical analysis was performed to quantify the contribution of parameters and optimize milling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon fiber (CF) is one of ideal reinforcements to hydroxyapatite (HA) owing to its unique structure, excellent biocompatibility and high mechanical properties. However, the mechanical property of CF reinforced HA (CF/HA) composites cannot be effectively improved due to the mismatch in surface properties and thermal expansion coefficients between CF and HA. In order to solve the problems, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) coating with different thickness was fabricated on the CF surface. The effect of the coating thickness on mechanical property of nHA-coated CF/HA composites was studied by finite element analysis. The CF with proper nHA coating thickness was subsequently used to reinforce HA. The compressive strength of nHA-coated CF/HA composites was approximately 97.3 % and 164.6 % higher than those of the uncoated CF/HA composites and pure HA ceramics, respectively. The interface properties and crack propagation were analyzed by cohesive element in the finite element analysis. The toughening mechanism of the composites included interfacial debonding, crack deflection, crack branching, and crack bridging. The mechanical properties of nHA-coated CF/HA composites were enhanced due to the strong interfacial bonding strength and reducing cracking in HA matrix. The prepared nHA-coated CF/HA composites satisfy the requirement of the mechanical properties of human load-bearing bone. It can be used to prepare cages, plates, screws, pins and other compact bone substitute parts in bone grafting. The study provided a method for construction of nHA-coated CF/HA composites with the designed properties by adjusting the nHA coating on the fiber and can be used to design other fibers reinforced ceramic matrix composites. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the function and composition of the protein corona (i.e., the set of host proteins interacting with nanoparticles) is considered a crucial step in the development of nanoparticles for medical and pharmacological applications. Evidence suggests that host proteins can alter NP stability, biocompatibility, and pharmacokinetics features. Therefore, in this review, we provide an updated conceptual, methodological, and experimental guideline for the study of the NP protein corona. We surveyed recent literature (2009–2024) focusing on in vitro and in vivo studies. We show that several methods, including shot-gun proteomics, protein identification after in-gel digestion, and TMT proteomics, must be carefully applied and integrated to shed light on this complex phenomenon. Hence, we discuss in detail the relative protocols, highlighting the importance of the experimental conditions, ranging from the administration route to basic, but determinant, parameters like the kind of biological host fluids, the incubation times and the NP concentrations. Additionally, we propose a series of protocols that involve studying the protein corona using purified serum or plasma proteins, as well as sera depleted of specific complement proteins, to investigate the role of their deposition on the nanoparticle surface. We also explore how the role of the protein corona in inducing uptake by phagocytic cells can be examined; finally, we discuss several methodological approaches to study the effects of different coatings on the composition of the protein corona. Available data indicated that it is possible to characterize and punctually study the differential adsorption of specific proteins onto the nanoparticle surface. This allows designing NP chemical coatings features to actively guide the protein corona formation, thus improving nanotheranostic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work presents the results of the corrosion resistance study of composite coatings obtained by cold spraying of the aluminum and boron carbide powder mixture on the surface of 08Cr18Ni10Ti austenitic steel. Their chemical and phase compositions, macro- and microstructure, as well as the effect of subsequent heat treatment are analyzed. It is shown that the corrosion of coatings in a 2% boric acid solution at 60 °C is accompanied by an increase in the sample mass and the formation of an aluminum oxide layer. The minimum mass change was observed in case of the coating heat treated at 400 °C, while an increase in heat treatment temperature leads to the intensification of corrosion destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important turbocharging equipment, hydraulic pumps are prone to internal wear and corrosion problems. In order to improve its friction and wear performance, a ceramic coating strengthening scheme based on laser cladding technology was proposed. The roughness, thickness, width, hardness, and residual stress of the coating under different laser powers and scanning rates were measured, and the effect of process parameters on the coating structure was determined to ensure the optimal basic mechanical properties of the coating. Under the experimental conditions of 10–30 N pressure and 10–20 mm/s lubricated friction velocity, high cycle tribological tests were conducted, and the changes in average friction coefficient, wear amount, and surface wear mechanism were compared and analyzed. To verify the impact of reinforced coatings on corrosive environments, friction and wear tests were conducted in hydraulic oil environment with a pH of 6.4 and particle impurity content of approximately 5 %. Through electron microscopy, the friction morphology was observed and the wear mechanism was analyzed. In order to study the effects of different overloads (including temperature and pressure loads) on friction damage, overload friction damage analysis was conducted under low cycle fatigue loading conditions. The Rtec friction machine was applied, and the test temperature and pressure were set at 400 °C, 500 °C, 750 MPa, and 1000 MPa, respectively. The coating sample speed was set to 500 r/min and the slip rate is set to 5 %. Each sample was worn for 4 cycles under different pressures, with each cycle worn for 1 hour, then the surface roughness morphology and micro wear morphology were obtained. The research results indicate that the friction stability, wear resistance, and hardness of the coating have significantly improved, and it has stronger adaptability to hard or sharp materials, making it very suitable for the working environment of hydraulic pumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating environmental concerns associated with conventional plastic packaging have accelerated the development of sustainable alternatives, making food packaging a focus area for innovation. Bioplastics, particularly polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), have emerged as potential candidates due to their biobased origin, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. PHAs stand out for their good mechanical and medium gas permeability properties, making them promising materials for food packaging applications. In parallel, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have gained attention for their antimicrobial properties and ability to enhance the mechanical and barrier properties of (bio)polymers. This review aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to the research on PHA/ZnO nanocomposites. It starts with the importance and current challenges of food packaging, followed by a discussion on the opportunities of bioplastics and PHAs. Next, the synthesis, properties, and application areas of ZnO NPs are discussed to introduce their potential use in (bio)plastic food packaging. Early research on PHA/ZnO nanocomposites has focused on solvent-assisted production methods, whereas novel technologies can offer additional possibilities with regard to industrial upscaling, safer or cheaper processing, or more specific incorporation of ZnO NPs in the matrix or on the surface of PHA films or fibers. Here, the use of solvent casting, melt processing, electrospinning, centrifugal fiber spinning, miniemulsion encapsulation, and ultrasonic spray coating to produce PHA/ZnO nanocomposites is explained. Finally, an overview is given of the reported effects of ZnO NP incorporation on thermal, mechanical, gas barrier, UV barrier, and antimicrobial properties in ZnO nanocomposites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate). We conclude that the functionality of PHA materials can be improved by optimizing the ZnO incorporation process and the complex interplay between intrinsic ZnO NP properties, dispersion quality, matrix–filler interactions, and crystallinity. Further research regarding the antimicrobial efficiency and potential migration of ZnO NPs in food (simulants) and the End-of-Life will determine the market potential of PHA/ZnO nanocomposites as active packaging material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cool Roof concept, known for its efficiency in summer due to high temperatures during this period, employs a light coating that covers the roof to prevent the absorption of heat and maintain lower indoor temperatures. This study integrates a chemical component with biomaterials to enhance performance and reduce CO2 emissions. The composition investigated in this research is recognized for its durability and ability to lower outside temperatures, thereby mitigating the urban heat island effect. This experimental study evaluates the sustainability of CoolRoofs in a cold room located in Signes, France. Temperature measurements are conducted from 25 September 2023 to 27 July 2024, both with and without the coating, to assess energy performance and CO2 emissions. The selection of the building type ensures optimal performance in both summer and winter. Results show that the maximum outside and inside surface temperatures for a Cool Roof are 48.7 °C and 25.6 °C, respectively, compared to 72.9 °C and 32.2 °C for an uncoated roof. Additionally, implementing a CoolRoof reduces thermal load through the cold room by 56%, while CO2 emissions can be reduced by up to 27.31 kg CO2/m2 over a 20-year period. This study presents a solution for enhancing energy and environmental performance year-round using a resilient composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has recently been found that magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) paste coating applied on the surface of steel reinforcement can effectively retard the onset of corrosion and suppress corrosion reactions. However, the fast-setting nature of MKPC—which is a merit in repair—can be problematic in a practical engineering process of coating the steel reinforcement with MKPC paste. To address this problem, boric acid (H3BO3) was added as a retarder in an MKPC formulation to prolong the setting time. This work investigated the impact of boric acid (at 5% by weight of MgO) on the anti-corrosion performance of MKPC paste coating through a series of electrochemical (EC) tests. The results showed that the anti-corrosion performance of MKPC paste coating for a mild steel bar could be interfered with by the presence of boric acid. In the same testing situation (immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl corrosion solution), the polarization resistance and corrosion current density of the group including boric acid were inferior and exceeded the corrosion thresholds prior to the control group without boric acid. Meanwhile, the time constant phase in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 10 kHz was rarely observed, implying that the presence of boric acid probably impaired the formation of the passivation layer. This decrease in anti-corrosion performance of MKPC paste coating could be related to the larger volume fraction of pores in the range from 0.1 to 10 µm that are formed during the initial stage of coating formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is hypothesized that layer-by-layer acetate-coated Paclitaxel-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (F2) can be engineered to potentiate the effectiveness of Paclitaxel (PTX) on LNCaP, a human prostate cancer cell line. The core of the layer-by-layer NPs is formed by nanoprecipitation, and the shell of the NPs is engineered using the sodium acetate's unique coating mechanism and surface-active properties. The resulting nanoformulation physicochemical properties are characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), NanoSight NS300, spectrophotometry, Korsmeyer-Peppas model, respectively. The NP's cytotoxicity on LNCaP is assessed by MTS assay. The DSC and the FTIR confirm SA's coating of the NPs. The particle's mean diameters (PMD) are 89.4±2.3- to 114.4±7.6 nm. The TEM shows a unique multilayer and spherical nanoparticle. The encapsulation efficiency of commonly PTX-loaded PLGA NPs (F1) and F2 are 84.37±2.71% and 86.74±2.22, respectively. The drug transport mechanism of F1 and F2 is anomalous transport and case II, respectively. F2 follows a zero-order release mechanism. The cell viability is 45.08±2.18% and 60.17±4.72% when LNCaP is treated with 10 µg/mL of F2 and F1, respectively, after 48 hours of exposure. F2 and F1 cell growth inhibition are dose-dependent. This unique process of engineering the layer-by-layer NPs will provide new horizons for developing future innovative nanoparticles for targeted prostate cancer therapy. [Display omitted] • Layer-by-layer nanoparticles are engineered using a modified nanoprecipitation method and sodium acetate's unique surface-active and coating properties. • The drug transport mechanism of the layer-by-layer nanoparticle is case II and follows a zero-order release mechanism. • A low dose of layer-by-layer nanoparticles produces potent cytotoxicity. • The layer-by-layer nanoparticle will provide new horizons for developing targeted prostate cancer therapy nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ALD is a versatile method for creating functional barriers for primary packaging materials. • ALD metal oxide coatings prevented formation of extractables and leachables as analyzed by hydrolytic resistance, water conductivity and ICP-OES in standard test conditions. • Functionality, such as transparent protection from UV–Vis light or hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, could be tailored by ALD films. Novel pharmaceuticals and drug delivery devices may require better performance from the packaging material e.g., in terms of extractables and leachables, and unwanted interactions. To address this, we applied atomic layer deposition (ALD) to build nanometer-range SiO 2 , ZrO 2 and Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 films on primary packaging glass. Controlled modification of the surface also enabled creation of functionality without affecting visual appearance of the material. ALD-coated Type I borosilicate vials were compared to uncoated ones, and tailored functionality was presented by appropriate measurements. The tested ALD coatings formed a barrier on glass against extractables and leachables, from the vial and the coating alike. A good ALD coating prevents any leakage into the stored drug product. Hydrolytic resistance results improved by 85–92 %, and these results correlated well with straightforward water conductivity measurements. Opposite to uncoated borosilicate glass vials, no extracted elements could be detected from the extracts of the coated vials with stable ALD films. Improved surface integrity was observed with electron microscopy as well. ALD films increased hydrophilicity of the surface and tuning the ALD film thickness and composition allowed precise blocking of UV light wavelengths, without affecting transparency. As a conclusion, ALD is a versatile method to create barrier and functional films on primary packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to explore how graphene can improve the mechanical and anti-corrosion properties of TiO2-SiO2 sol-gel coating. This sol-gel coating has been prepared on aluminum alloy substrate using graphene as both nano-filler and corrosion inhibitor. Design/methodology/approach: To examine the effect of graphene on mechanical properties of sol-gel coating, the abrasion resistance, adhesion strength and scratch resistance of coating have been evaluated. To reveal the effect of graphene on the anti-corrosion property of coating for aluminum alloy, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been conducted in 3.5 Wt.% NaCl medium. Findings: Scanning electron microscopy images indicate that graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) have been homogeneously dispersed into the sol-gel coating matrices (at the contents from 0.1 to 0.5 Wt.%). Mechanical tests of coatings indicate that the graphene content of 0.5 Wt.% provides highest values of adhesion strength (1.48 MPa), scratch resistance (850 N) and abrasion strength (812 L./mil.) for the sol-gel coating. The EIS data show that the higher content of GNPs improve both R1 (coating) and R2 (coating/Al interface) resistances. In addition to enhancing the coating barrier performance (graphene acts as nanofiller/nano-reinforcer for coating matrix), other mechanism can be at work to account for the role of the graphene inhibitor in improving the anticorrosive performance at the coating/Al interface. Originality/value: Application of graphene-based sol-gel coating for protection of aluminum and its alloy is very promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the physical, biochemical, and microbiological properties of Pangasius mince incorporated with 2% (w/w) sodium alginate and salt were evaluated for 120 days under frozen conditions (−20 °C). The TBARS (0.03–0.62 mg MDA/kg) and free fatty acid (FFA) (<1 mg oleic acid/100 g) were found to be significantly lower in the alginate-treated sample (T2) than in the control mince (C) and salt-added mince sample (T1). Better visual appearance, higher water retention, less moisture reduction (only 1.5%) along with lower total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) (10–17 mg N/100 g) and TVC (<4 log cfu/g) were evident in T2 throughout the storage period than in T1 and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over traditional flame retardants, the hybrid material technology of flame retardant combines separate constituents into an entirety, demonstrating the benefit of the simultaneous development in polymer flame retardant. Zinc-layered hydroxide, borate, and thermoplastic polyurethane were used to create LZH/B/TU, a new organic-inorganic composite flame retardant. The structure of LZH, LZH/B, and LZH/B/TU was studied after synthesis with analysis spectroscopy. The borate ion was effectively intercalated into the interlayer space of the LZH, according to the XRD and FTIR studies. Using EDS analysis, the chemical makeup of the materials was assessed. The morphology of the synthesized product was identified using FESEM. The dynamic mechanical thermal (DMT) properties of the optimum sample were evaluated with DMTA analysis. The fire risk of epoxy resin was considerably reduced by using a small amount of LZH/B/TU. According to the flammability test and plate temperature experiment, LZH/B/TU with 1% w/w led to the creation of the char layer's capacity to insulate heat with strong thermal resistance, resulting in dramatically reduced fire hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The papermaking, packaging, and printing industry are actively seeking sustainable material alternatives to address growing concerns about environmental consciousness and finite resources. Synthetic latex, a frequently utilized binder in paper coating formulations, present difficulties due to their dependence on fossil fuel resources and their reduced recyclability in comparison to eco‐friendly sustainable products. In this study, synthetic latex was replaced with a starch‐based nanoparticle (starch NP) binder at a 1:1 ratio in a coating formulation. Printing trials to assess colorimetric characteristics was made using electrophotography (EP) printing, given the current upward trajectory and expansion of EP technology into the label, packaging, and folding carton sectors. The in‐depth investigations reveal that incorporating starch NP binder result in improved optical, color, and dot characteristics. Moreover, it maintains consistent and comparable coefficients of friction. Partial replacement of synthetic latex with the starch NP binder yields significant enhancements in surface roughness and text quality. Importantly, the starch NP binder not only improves the dielectric relaxation properties of the paper and enhances toner transfer but also accelerates the distribution of the electrical field compared to synthetic latex, optimizing toner transfer and thereby enhancing color gamut volume. The study demonstrates that employing the starch NP binder leads to substantial improvements in colorimetric performance without any drawbacks in EP printing, making it highly advantageous to replace 50% of the synthetic binder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to create fire-resistant performance of polyurethane (PU)-coated textiles by adding wool powder as a flame retardant on both cotton and polyester fabrics. A flame-retardant surface was therefore developed by coating the fabrics with a mixture of PU and wool powder and characterised by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results demonstrated that with a coating thickness of 0.5 mm onwards, an improvement in the fire-resistant properties is observed. Unlike fabrics coated only with PU, the addition of wool powder allows the fabrics to resist the flame at 5 and 10 s. Water and air permeability properties of the coated fabrics were also evaluated and show interesting and complementary results. Integration of wool powder as a flame retardant is a promising approach to develop fire-resistant fabrics that can lead to wide applications in fire protection and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apricot fruit are characterised by limited post-harvest storability, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and the interplay between psyllium treatment as a coating application method and 1-(3-phenyl-propyl) cyclopropene (1-PCP) as an ethylene inhibitor in enhancing the storability of apricot fruit during storage at 3°C and 90% relative humidity for 32 d. All treatments impacted fruit quality and storability in 'Canino' apricots. The combined application of both compounds led to a substantial reduction in fruit decay rate, weight loss, malondialdehyde content, and H2O2 levels. Furthermore, it contributed to improved fruit colouration and TSS content. Both psyllium and 1-PCP treatments, whether applied individually or in combination, notably reduced respiration rates, ethylene production, and the activity of key enzymes involved in ethylene biosynthesis (ACC-synthase and ACC-oxidase) when compared to the control group. Moreover, these treatments reduced oxidative stress, by affecting phenolic content, flavonoids, and antioxidant levels (both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacity). Additionally, these treatments regulated related enzymes activities such as catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and phenylalanine-ammonia lyase. Hence, it is recommended to utilise psyllium and 1-PCP to enhance the storability of apricot fruit while maintaining their overall quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to prepare alkyd–melamine–ketone combinations from short‐oil alkyd resins synthesized using coconut oil fatty acid and waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) intermediate (bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, BHET) for coating applications with a green technology approach. For this aim, waste PET flakes obtained from post‐consumer water bottles were depolymerized by the glycolysis reaction. Purified depolymerization intermediate (BHET) was incorporated into the formulation of the four‐component alkyd resin, completely instead of the diol. For comparison, reference alkyds without waste PET were also synthesized. Then, ketone modifications of alkyd resins were carried out using cyclohexanone formaldehyde (CHF) resin by blending method. For this, firstly, melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin was added to the alkyd resin at a ratio of 40% by weight to obtain alkyd–melamine formaldehyde (Alkyd–MF) resin. Then, ketone‐modified blends were prepared at ratios of Alkyd–MF/CHF of 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 by weight. The effect of using ketone (CHF) resin at different ratios and the presence of BHET on the coating properties and thermal behaviors of alkyd–ketone blend films were investigated. At the end of the study, high‐gloss (151–154 GU) and medium‐hard (71–120 König second) films exhibiting excellent adhesion (100%) were obtained from alkyd–ketone blends. In both the reference and PET‐based blend series, adding CHF resin to the alkyd–amino (Alkyd–MF) resin improved all physical coating properties. Moreover, with increasing CHF resin ratios, hardness, gloss, and abrasion properties increased in both series. Although acceptable and usable results have been obtained in all ratios of CHF resin (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%), the optimum CHF resin ratio for each physical coating properties has changed depending on the desired properties and expectations. These blend films resisted corrosive chemicals such as concentrated alkali, acid, and salt solutions for 72 h without damage, and at the end of the 18 h not affected by water. Acetone, toluene, methanol, and ethyl acetate did not affect these films in any way. All films performed excellently in repeated environmental resistance testing over 10 cycles, simulating changing climate conditions. In the chemical coating tests, superior results were obtained with all CHF resin ratios. The thermal resistance of Alkyd–MF/CHF blend films was found to be quite high. The incorporation of CHF resin into the alkyd–amino (Alkyd–MF) resin improved thermal resistance, and as the amount of CHF resin increased the thermal stability increased in both blend series. Moreover, the thermal resistance of PET‐based blend films was higher than their counterparts in reference blends due to the use of long‐chain BHET having an aromatic unit. Highlights: Alkyd–MF/CHF blends using alkyds with and without PET were prepared.Good physical/excellent chemical coating properties/high thermal resistance.Incorporation of CHF into Alkyd–MF improved coating/thermal properties.CHF significantly improved the individual alkali resistances of the alkyd.As CHF increased, physical coating properties/thermal resistance increased.The thermal stabilities of the PET‐based blend were even higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is highly essential to enhance the micro EDM process while machining titanium specimens. The utilization of coated electrode and adaptation of optimization algorithms in the process can enhance the material removal mechanism. In the present work, an attempt was made to find the influence of TiN coated tungsten carbide electrode in micro EDM process while machining titanium alloy specimens. It was also attempted to adopt DEAR-based optimization in the process. The TiN coating can produce lower TWR with better surface quality than uncoated tungsten carbide electrode. The capacitance has higher influential nature in µ-EDM since it controls the charging and discharging process during the spark formation across discharge gap. It was found that voltage (Level 3), capacitance (Level 3), and the tool rotation (Level 2) can create better quality measures under the prediction error of 2.3%. The optimal combination can enhance the machining accuracy with tiny craters formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the abrasive waterjet drilling procedure for yttrium-stabilized zirconia-coated Inconel 718 superalloy, this study suggests an integrated approach using machine learning and an evolutionary algorithm. The objective is to simultaneously minimize the erosion diameter and taper angle of the drilled holes by identifying the best combination of drilling parameters such as stand-off distance, abrasive flow rate, waterjet pressure, and angle of impact. The machine learning models are developed using the random forest algorithm after tuning its hyperparameters to predict the erosion diameter and taper angle. The multi-verse optimization (MVO) algorithm is used to identify the best combination of drilling parameters. The comparison of results proved the efficacy of MVO over other algorithms. Confirmation experiment results are also in line with the results of MVO, since the percentage of deviation is meager. This integrative approach has the capability of significantly improving aerospace and industrial abrasive waterjet drilling operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Packaging aims first to protect the quality and safety of food. Although synthetic packaging is easy and practical to use, it significantly poses many health and environmental hazards. In this context, the need for environmentally and food-friendly packaging is increasing. Edible coatings with many barrier properties cover the food surface like a blanket. This study evaluated content analyses and research trends on the edible coating of foods. For this goal, a bibliometric network analysis of the studies that included the concepts of "edible packaging", "coating", and "food" together in the abstracts, keywords, and titles of the articles was carried out. Today, with this network analysis method, it is easier to summarize innovations in edible coating technology and their applicability to foods in a detailed and understandable way. Between 2016 and 2023, bibliometric data consisting of 2131 studies were processed VOSviewer program using the network analysis method. Results revealed that China is the leading country in coatings studies, followed by India. The study shows which foods and methods the coatings are applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

So far, the sol-gel process has been available to prepare precursor gels of bioactive glasses with various compositions. In this report, we described a novel coating method of bioactive gels on a titanium substrate where the sol-gel transition is controlled by applying external electric fields. The application of a constant current of 10 mA/cm2 in an acidic sol containing pre-hydrolyzed tetraethoxysilane, calcium nitrate, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate led to the deposition of gels on the titanium cathodes due to the generation of OH– by water electrolysis as a catalyst of the sol-gel transition. The obtained gels, which were characterized to be amorphous and consisted of Si, Ca, and P, covered the titanium substrates as a coating. The bioactivity of the gels deposited was confirmed by soaking in a simulated body fluid (SBF) up to 7 days, suggesting that the electrochemically assisted sol-gel process is promising for providing bioactive coatings on metallic implants. Highlights: The electrochemically assisted sol-gel processing successfully led to the deposition of bioactive gel coating on titanium substrates. The gels were amorphous and consisted of Si, Ca, and P, characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and EDX. The gels successfully formed apatite on them in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for at least 1 day. The novel and straightforward electrochemical method in providing bioactivity is promising for surface modification of metallic implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the tribological characteristics of TiN, AlTiN, and AlTiCrN coatings sliding against a SUS420J1 stainless steel pin were investigated in atmospheric and vacuum environments. The coatings were deposited on SUS440C substrates using the arc-physical vapor deposition technique. The friction and wear behavior of the coatings were evaluated based on the systematic analyses of the friction coefficient data as well as the physical and chemical state of the wear track. The results revealed that the friction coefficients of the SUS440C specimen and AlTiCrN coatings increased, whereas those of the TiN and AlTiN coatings decreased when the environment was changed from atmospheric to vacuum. It was confirmed that the formation of an oxide layer and adsorption of oxides on the surface were dominant factors that influenced the tribological behavior in the atmospheric environment. On the other hand, the compatibility, oxidation inhibition, and droplets of the surface mainly affected the frictional characteristics in the vacuum environment. The results of this work are expected to aid in the selection of proper coating materials for tribological systems operating in a vacuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Paint & Coatings Industry (0253-4312) is the property of Paint & Coatings Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nickel-PolyTetraFluoroEthylene (Ni-PTFE) composite coatings were prepared from a watts-type nickel plating bath by varying process parameters in this study. The considered input process variables were current density, potential of hydrogen range, bath temperature, PTFE bath concentration, and stirrer speed. Experiments systematically analyzed their effects on outcomes. The responses measured in the experiments included the surface roughness, mass of deposit, and coating thickness of the coated samples. Scanning electron microscope and microstructure examinations analyzed Ni-PTFE deposition in specimens from mild steel plates. Additionally, an adaptive neural fuzzy inference system model was developed to predict the surface roughness, mass of deposit, and coating thickness of the coated samples. The model showed high accuracy in predicting parameters, closely matching experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the challenges associated with catalyst separation and recovery, as well as the low production efficiency resulting from intermittent operation for titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) catalyzed phenol hydroxylation to dihydroxybenzene in the slurry bed, researchers keep on exploring the use of a continuous fixed bed to replace the slurry bed process in recent years. This study focuses on preparing a TS-1 coated structured catalyst on SiC foam, which exhibits significant process intensification in performance. We investigated the kinetics of this structured catalyst and compared it with those of extruded TS-1 catalyst; the dynamic equations of the two catalysts were obtained. It was observed that both catalysts followed E-R adsorption mechanism model, with an effective internal diffusion factor ratio between structured and extruded TS-1 of approximately 7.71. It was confirmed that the foamed SiC-based structured TS-1 catalyst exhibited significant improvements in phenol hydroxylation in fixed-bed reactor due to its well-developed pore structure, good thermal conductivity, excellent internal mass transfer performance, and short reactant diffusion distance, leading to higher utilization efficiency of active components. This finding also provides a foundation for designing and developing phenol hydroxylation processes in fixed-bed using structured catalysts through computational fluid dynamics calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE) are being considered as a high efficiency potential option for green hydrogen production. Bipolar plates (BPPs) are a crucial element within PEMWEs serving a significant function in the sepration of product gases, distribution of flow field, electron collection, and heat conduction. This review paper aims to investigate recent research on materials used in BPPs and examine several corrosion prevention strategies aimed at enhancing their durability and performance in PEMWEs. It presents a thorough examination of the materials utilized in BPPs, encompassing both conventional metals and advanced coatings. The analysis focuses on elucidating the distinct advantages and limits associated with these materials in relation to conductivity, mechanical strength, and resistance to corrosion. The review examines electrochemical techniques and microscopy methods utilized to assess corrosion behavior, guiding the selection and optimization of materials. Ultimately, this review offers a thorough comprehension of the current advancements in BPP materials and corrosion protection strategies for PEMWEs. [Display omitted] • Consolidating recent research on BPP materials and corrosion prevention in PEMWEs. • Examining BPP materials, including traditional metals and advanced coatings. • Elucidating strengths and weaknesses of materials in conductivity and corrosion. • Investigating the physical and electrochemical characterization techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Nanoparticles (NPs) as radiosensitizers present a promising strategy for enhancing radiotherapy effectiveness, but their potential is significantly influenced by the properties of their surface coating, which can impact treatment outcomes. Most Monte Carlo studies have focused on metallic NPs without considering the impact of coating layers on radiosensitization. In this study, we aim to assess both the physical and radiobiological effects of nanoparticle coatings in nanoparticle-based radiation therapy. Materials and methods: In this simulation study, we used Geant4 Monte Carlo (MC) toolkit (v10.07.p02) and simulated the bismuth, gold, iridium and gadolinium NPs coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG-400: Density: 1.13 g/cm³, Molar mass: 380–420 g/mol) as radiosensitizer for photon beams of 30, 60 and 100 keV. Secondary electron number and reactive oxygen species enhancement factor were estimated. Also, dose enhancement factor (DEF) was determined in spherical shells with logarithmic scale thickness from the nanoparticle surface to 4 mm. Results: Secondary electron emission was highest at 30 keV for gold, bismuth, and iridium NPs, while gadolinium NPs peaked at 60 keV. Coating reduced electron emissions across all energies, with thicker coatings leading to a more significant decrease. DEF values declined with increasing radial distance from the NP surface and were lower with thicker coatings. For gadolinium NPs, DEF behavior differed due to K-edge energy effects. Reactive species generation varied, showing maximum production at 30 keV for gold, bismuth, and iridium NPs, while gadolinium NPs showed peak activity at 60 keV. PEG coatings enhanced reactive species formation at 100 keV. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the coating layer thickness and material not only influence the emission of secondary particles and DEF but also affect the generation of reactive species from water radiolysis. Specifically, thicker coatings reduce secondary particle emission and DEF, while PEG coatings demonstrate a dual behavior, offering both protective and enhancing effects depending on photon energy. These insights underscore the importance of optimizing NP design and coating in future studies to maximize therapeutic efficacy in nanoparticle-based radiation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dust and other environmentally suspended particles deposited on the solar panels reduce the sunlight to photovoltaic cells, reducing the total energy outcome. A dust-reflecting coating keeps a cleaner surface, thus enhancing light absorption and improving the overall energy outcome. This study synthesized the sol–gel of SiO2, MgF2, and TiO2 and made the coating on the glass substrate by SiO2+MgF2, SiO2+TiO2, and MgF2+SiO2+TiO2 using sol–gel dip coating and spin coating method. Coatings that occurred on the glass sample surfaces were identified by using FTIR analysis. Five of the above six coatings made using different mixtures have increased transmittance than pure glass, while one SiO2+MgF2 spin coating reduced the transmittance. The minimum water contact angle of 37.69∘ was found on the SiO2+TiO2 spin-coated surface, and the maximum contact angle was 72.10∘ on the MgF2 dip-coated surface. This shows that the self-cleaning properties in SiO2+TiO2 spin-coated surfaces are maximum and minimum in MgF2 dip-coated surfaces. The angle found by the test shows that spin coating is a better technique than dip coating for hydrophilic surface coating. This was due to the more homogenous coating on the spin-coated sample surfaces. There was less accumulation of dust found on the coated surfaces compared to non-coated glass sample surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Bioactive glass is a multifunctional synthetic composite material that releases active ions slowly and exhibits certain biological activities after affinity with tissues. Their versatility stems from the versatility of their preparation processes and components, allowing them to be applied in different clinical scenarios. OBJECTIVE: To review the main application forms, application fields of bioactive glass, as well as the influence of doping different elements on its function. METHODS: A literature search was conducted across WanFang Medical Database, CNKI Database, PubMed Database, and Web of Science Database, using the search terms “bioactive glass, slow-release ions, bone tissue engineering, composite scaffold, tissue regeneration and repair, biomedical engineering” in Chinese and English. The timeframe was limited from 2000 to 2023. Finally, 88 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In terms of application forms, bioactive glass can be fabricated as coatings, particles, bone cements, and scaffolds according to needs. Coatings have the potential to enhance the biological activity of implants, yet they are susceptible to instability as a result of degradation. Particles offer a viable solution for the repair of irregular bone defects; however, particles produced through traditional methods often possess limited functionality. Bone cement provides the benefits of minimal invasiveness and injectability, yet its application is restricted to smaller bone defects. Scaffolds exhibit excellent mechanical properties and are commonly used for larger-sized bone defects, yet they have limited toughness. (2) In terms of applications, bioactive glass can be used in a variety of tissue regeneration and repair and disease treatment fields, including dentistry, orthopedics, soft tissue engineering, and cancer. (3) In terms of element doping, the addition of specific elements to bioactive glass not only improves its mechanical properties but also endows it with special biological functions such as bioactivity, degradability, and antibacterial properties. (4) Biologically active glass is a versatile material that can be used in different forms and functions by adjusting the preparation process and element doping to meet various clinical needs in bone tissue engineering and is widely used in the field of biomedical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel approach, i.e., Continuous Material Deposition on Filaments (CMDF), for the incorporation of active materials within 3D-printed structures is presented. It is based on passing a filament through a solution in which the active material is dissolved together with the polymer from which the filament is made. This enables the fabrication of a variety of functional 3D-printed objects by fused deposition modeling (FDM) using commercial filaments without post-treatment processes. This generic approach has been demonstrated in objects using three different types of materials, Rhodamine B, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), and Ciprofloxacin (Cip). The functionality of these objects is demonstrated through strong antibacterial activity in ZnO NPs and the controlled release of the antibiotic Cip. CMDF does not alter the mechanical properties of FDM-printed structures, can be applied with any type of FDM printer, and is, therefore, expected to have applications in a wide variety of fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic–inorganic composite photochromic coatings receive significant attention in energy utilization and conservation due to their easy application and rapid photoresponse. However, their high sensitivity to moisture limits practical applications. This study fabricates organic–inorganic composite functional coatings using a simple one‐pot method, producing materials with excellent photoresponsive, water resistance, and thermal insulation. Unmodified phosphotungstic acid serves as the inorganic photochromic filler, while methacrylate derivatives act as the polymer matrix, resulting in coatings with high initial transparency (over 85%). After 5 min of UV exposure, the samples shift to nearly non‐transmittable states in the visible range and maintain color depth through 14 coloring‐erasing cycles. Unlike polyvinylpyrrolidone substrates, which absorb moisture and soften quickly, this coating has a static water contact angle of up to 91.7°, showing excellent water resistance. Additionally, the composite material provides effective heat insulation in simulated chamber experiments, lowering the temperature by 15 °C compared to untreated chambers. In summary, this composite coating, with its excellent thermal insulation, rapid light responsiveness, stable cycling performance, and outstanding waterproof capabilities, proves highly suitable for applications such as smart windows, information storage, and building energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabrication route of the antifogging coating. [Display omitted] Hydrophilic coating can prevent surface from fogging but its application is limited by low mechanical performance. In this study, a hydrophilic coating was prepared by crosslinking the Si-doped carbonized polymer dot (Si-CPD) with 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and ethylene oxide (EO). The hydrophilic coating can be used as robust hydrophilic anti-fogging coating. The Si-CPD derived from ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and aminopropyl oligosiloxanes (APOS) was successfully prepared via one-step hydrothermal method. Then, a resin solution was prepared by mixing Si-CPD, GPTMS and EO. Epoxy group of GPTMS and EO can react with amino group of Si-CPD. Finally, a composite coating with antifogging function can be obtained by simple heating curing. Due to the introduction of hydroxyl which derived from EO, the coating shows excellent antifogging performance. Meanwhile, the presence of inorganic component endows the coating with outstanding mechanical performance. The coating has great potential in related applications, such as optical lenses, mirrors and other transparency substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical design was applied to core-shell B 2 O 3 @SiO 2 microcapsule, followed by fabrication of the SiC–B 2 O 3 @SiO 2 coating by a combination of entrapping and hot dip processes. Among the C/C-SiC-BS2, C/C-SiC-BS4 and C/C-SiC-BS6 samples, the C/C-SiC-BS4 composite exhibits long-term antioxidant capabilities, with only a 2.30 % mass loss as oxidized at 973 K for 1500 h, and 2.35 % at 1073 K for 2600 h. Furthermore, after enduring 150 thermal shocks between 293 K and 1173 K, its mass loss is only 2.07 %. The XRD patterns detected the existence of B 2 O 3 and SiO 2 phases, and the SEM and EDS analysis proved the borosilicate glass, indicating the excellent performances came from the synergistic self-healing effects of the B 2 O 3 , SiO 2 phases, and borosilicate glass. Thus, within the temperature ranges from 873 K to 1273 K, the oxygen penetration shifts from osmotic state to defect diffusion in coating. This research emphasizes the significance of hierarchical designs for core-shell sacrificial phase in silicate coatings, thereby enhancing their long-term applicability. • Hierarchical design was applied to the B 2 O 3 @SiO 2 microcapsule by a simple sol-gel technique. • Core-shell microcapsule successively activated the SiO 2 , B 2 O 3 phases and borosilicate glass in self-healing. • The composite yielded excellent combinations of long-term antioxidant and thermal shock resistances. • This study highlights the hierarchical designs for core-shell sacrificial phase in silicate coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Box-Behnken design (B.B.D.) experiment was used to optimise the extraction parameters of Swietenia mahogany Jacq. (L) bark, and the chemical constituents responsible for the antibacterial property were examined. Independent variables including time, temperature, and concentration were optimised to produce the maximum yield percentage. The quadratic model was created using the dependent variable as yield percentage (Y%), and three independent variables such as temperature (40 to 70 oC), extraction duration (1 to 2 h), and concentration (acetone and plant extract ratio) (4 to 10%). The yield of 17 sample runs was coated on cotton fabric to measure the antibacterial activity by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test method. The maximum extract yield (23.25%) was found in the study's results with the independent parameters of temperature (55°C), extraction time (2h), and concentration (4%). Chemical analysis using ATR-FTIR was performed to identify significant chemical bonding groups in the extract at maximum yield conditions. The process parameters were used to create a quadratic regression model, and it was found that all the model's chosen components were significant. The effect of concentration on extraction yield is most significant among the three factors. The antibacterial activity of all 17 extracts coated on cotton fabric revealed mild to strong activity against four test organisms, and Gram-positive strains showed stronger activity than the Gram-negative strains. The higher yield % (23.25) was found in the sample run 10, and the antibacterial result of the sample 10 performed higher ZOI (zone of inhibition) value of 20 mm against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) strains and 18mm and 13 mm against Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) respectively. It is now known that Swietenia mahogany Jacq. (L) bark extract is a suitable surface active agent on textile for the production of medical and healthcare textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, TiO2 coatings are deposited on Si(100) wafers by direct current pulsed magnetron sputtering technology. The crystal structure of TiO2 coatings gradually transforms from the anatase phase to the amorphous phase when the sputtering power is decreased from 900W to 150W. Besides, the growth surface temperature of TiO2 coatings decreases from 630∘C to 241∘C. The relationship between the growth behavior and growth surface temperature of TiO2 coatings is investigated using the dynamic scaling theory. The results show that in the first stage, the growth behavior of TiO2 coatings gradually transforms from the Frank–van der Merwe mode to the Volmer–Weber mode with decreasing sputtering power from 900W to 150W. In the second stage, the growth behavior of TiO2 coatings gradually transforms from the Stranski–Krastanov mode to the Volmer–Weber mode. Transformation of the growth behavior of TiO2 coatings in the second stage transforms the crystal structure of TiO2 coatings from the anatase phase to the amorphous phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systems theory can be used not only to assess the existing state of engineering and technological systems, but also to forecast their development. This approach implies the creation of a generalized model of the object under study taking the existing connections between its individual components into account, along with an analysis of the energetic, material, and informational resources inherent in this object. This allows selection of the most optimal solution for improving the technological system under analysis from a variety of possible options. Creation of high-entropy compounds of various compositions is an intensively developing direction of modern materials science. Due to their specific chemical composition, such materials may exhibit a unique combination of properties, thereby outperforming other types of compounds. In this work, we study structural and functional interactions in a technological system aimed at obtaining coatings by laser cladding of high-entropy materials, which are represented by the starting powders mixed in a certain proportion. The input and output parameters of the laser cladding process are established. This process is represented in the form of sequential phases, resulting in the formation of a coating on the surface of the product. The coating is characterized by both technological and specific properties, depending on the chemical composition of the starting powder components. A structural and functional scheme describing the process of coating formation from a high-entropy material during laser cladding is proposed. Connections between the input and output process parameters are demonstrated. These connections reflect the formation of specific coating properties in the process of laser cladding as a result of interaction of the powder material with the laser beam. It is noted that structural and functional schemes should be used when simulating technological processes based on mathematical models, taking the occurring transformations of substances into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research proposes a complete analysis of the use of physical vapour deposition coated dies in the sheet metal forming process for high‐strength‐steel sheets. The goal of the proposed approach is to investigate how PVD coatings affect die performance and how that affects the formability and quality of the high‐strength‐steel‐sheets that are made. The finite element analyses are used to simulate and evaluate the mechanical behaviour and deformation characteristics during the forming process. Studies to enhance the forming characteristics of these materials, typically denoted by limiting draw ratio and maximum punch force are required. A reduction in punch force required and improved limiting draw ratio is observed that is attributed to the enhanced contact with friction‐conditions in the die‐sheet interfaces. The experimental results are compared with simulation results from DD3IMP, a code used for deep drawing simulations, and it is evident that the experimental outcomes are analysed well with the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum alloys, characterized by their low density and high mechanical strength, are widely applied in the manufacturing sector. However, the application of aluminum alloys in extreme environments presents severe corrosion challenges. Sol–gel organic coating techniques have garnered significant attention due to their excellent stability, barrier properties, and cost-effectiveness, as well as their simpler processing. Nevertheless, conventional sol–gel coatings are unable to withstand the corrosive effects of high-chloride and high-halide ion environments such as marine conditions, owing to their inherent structural defects. Therefore, this study proposes the utilization of a simple method to synthesize catechol (CA) and meta-phenylenediamine (MPD)-derived catecholamine compounds to modify sol–gel coatings. Surface characteristics of the modified coatings were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The thickness of the modified coating was approximately 6.8 μm. The CA/MPD-modified substance effectively densifies the sol–gel coating, enhancing its corrosion protection performance. A 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was used to simulate a marine environment, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was conducted using an electrochemical workstation to evaluate the coating's protective properties over a long-term period. The results indicate that the modified coating provides protection for 3003 aluminum alloy for a minimum of 30 days under corrosive conditions, outperforming unmodified sol–gel coatings in terms of corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) often suffers from poor water resistance and mechanical properties due to hydrophilic emulsifiers. To address these issues, this study introduces glycidyl carbamate (GC) as a crosslinker to improve WPU performance. Three types of GC were synthesized using aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and aromatic isocyanates, respectively. The crosslinked network was established through a reaction between the epoxide group of GC and the carboxylic acid and amine groups of WPU. Among these, the WPU film utilizing aromatic isocyanate-based GC exhibited the highest crosslink density, modulus, hardness, and water resistance, due to the rigidity of the aromatic molecular structure. However, the film displayed excessive brittleness, resulting in reduced tensile strength, along with yellowing typically associated with aromatic compounds. The WPU crosslinked with cycloaliphatic GC demonstrated the next best mechanical properties and water resistance, with a 2.7-fold increase in tensile strength, a 1.5-fold increase in hardness, and a 66% reduction in the water swelling ratio compared to neat WPU. This study presents a novel and effective strategy to enhance the water resistance and mechanical properties of WPU films, making them suitable for advanced coating applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water-repellent coatings are essential for enhancing the durability and sustainability of textiles, paper, and bioplastic polymers. Despite the growing use of sustainable materials, their inherent hydrophilicity presents significant challenges. This review explores advanced coating technologies to address these issues, focusing on their mechanisms, properties, and applications. By imparting water resistance and repellency, these coatings improve material performance and longevity. The environmental impact and limitations of current coatings are critically assessed, highlighting the need for sustainable solutions. This review identifies key trends and challenges, offering insights into developing water-resistant materials that align with environmental goals while meeting industry demands. Key focus areas include coating mechanisms, techniques, performance evaluation, applications, environmental impact assessment, and the development of sustainable coating solutions. This research contributes to the development of water-resistant materials that meet the demands of modern industries while minimizing environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]