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Simple Summary: This study investigates predictive factors for distinguishing benign and malignant multifocal hepatic lesions in dogs using ultrasound, hematology, and serum biochemistry. The results show significant differences in hematological and blood chemical parameters, and ultrasonographic parameters. The hepatobiliary ultrasound score and lesion homogeneity show significant differences and high accuracy in predicting malignant multifocal liver lesions, making them effective parameters for screening in dogs. Multifocal hepatic lesions in dogs arise from various benign and malignant liver diseases. Diagnosing these lesions is challenging because clinical signs, hematological data, and serum biochemistry are not definitive indicators. Ultrasound is utilized as a diagnostic imaging tool to evaluate liver parenchyma and detect hepatic lesions. This study aims to investigate the predictive factors that differentiate between benign and malignant multifocal hepatic lesions by examining ultrasound characteristics, blood tests, and serum biochemistry. In total, 43 dogs with multifocal hepatic lesions were included in this study. All dogs were classified into benign hepatic diseases (n = 32) and malignant haptic diseases (n = 11). For all dogs, their liver characteristics, lesion characteristics, and hepatobiliary ultrasound score by ultrasound were evaluated and we collected individual clinicopathological data for analysis. The findings of the univariate analysis revealed significant differences in four hematological and blood chemical parameters (hematocrit, white blood cell count, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and six ultrasonographic parameters (liver parenchymal echogenicity, lesion homogeneity, lesion echogenicity, maximum lesion dimension, average lesion dimension, and hepatobiliary ultrasound score). Using multivariate analysis, only two parameters, hepatobiliary ultrasound score and lesion homogeneity, showed significant differences (p-value < 0.001 and p-value = 0.011, respectively). Additionally, these parameters demonstrated high accuracy in predicting malignant multifocal liver lesions, with accuracy rates of 97.67% and 93.02%, respectively. Therefore, the hepatobiliary ultrasound score and lesion homogeneity are considered effective parameters for screening malignant multifocal liver lesions in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) of the breast is a rare malignant epithelial neoplasm, with approximately 60 cases reported in the literature. It predominantly affects women and exhibits significant histological heterogeneity. The diagnosis of breast AciCC is primarily based on the presence of eosinophilic and/or basophilic granular cytoplasm and markers of serous acinar differentiation. Despite being considered a low-grade variant of conventional triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), over 25% of patients with breast AciCC have adverse clinical outcomes. Additionally, in early research, microglandular adenosis (MGA) and atypical MGA were considered potential precursors for various breast cancers, including intraductal carcinoma, invasive ductal carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma, and AciCC. Similarly, some studies have proposed that breast AciCC should be considered a type of carcinoma developing in MGA with acinic cell differentiation rather than a distinct entity. Therefore, the pathogenesis of breast AciCC has not yet been clarified. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, the literature has not summarized the latest prognosis and treatment of breast AciCC. In this review, we synthesized the current literature and the latest developments, aiming at exploring the clinicopathology, histological origin, molecular features, prognosis, and treatment of breast AciCC from a novel perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To explore the clinicopathological and immunohistochemistry(IHC)characteristics of meibomian gland carcinoma(MGC).METHODS: Patients who were pathologically diagnosed as MGC from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020 in our hospital were enrolled, and their clinicopathological information was retrospectively analyzed. Cancer tissues from all the cases were IHC stained. En Vision two-step method, DAB staining, as well as hematoxylin re-staining were applied in the IHC assay.RESULTS: A total of 50 patients with 21 males and 29 females(1:1.38)were enrolled in the study, ranging from 26 to 80 years old, with a median age of 60 years. The upper eyelid, which was the predilection site, accounting for 66%(33/50). Histopathologically, moderately or poorly differentiated was in the majority(35/50, 70%). The expression rates of IHC parameters of MGC patients were as follows: GATA-3(49/50, 98%), EMA(49/50, 98%), CAM5.2(42/50, 84%), AR(41/50, 82%), MSH2(50/50, 100%), MSH6(50/50, 100%), MLH1(50/50, 100%), PMS2(50/50, 100%), Ki67(positive, 50%-90%). All the patients were followed up for 12 to 72 mo, with 5 cases of recurrence and 0 deaths.CONCLUSION: Pathological diagnosis of MGC should focus on observing cancer cells' cytoplasm to find relevant clues for cortical gland differentiation. Comprehensive analysis of multiple indicators is required when using IHC to assist diagnosis. For most MGC cancer cells, positive expressions of GATA-3, EMA, AR, CAM5.2 and a high Ki67 proliferation index could be always found. In addition, screening for Muir-Torre syndrome related IHC indicators could be also performed in diagnosing MGC simultaneously.

Abstract Background There is currently scarcity of information on small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nasopharynx (SCNEC-nasopharynx). It is believed that this type of cancer is not associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and is indistinguishable from classic SCNEC occurring in other organs. Materials and methods Herein we provided 3 cases of nasopharyngeal mass in our hospital, two males and one female. On admission, these patients were considered nasopharyngeal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis, and one of them had liver metastasis. The nasopharyngeal mucosal tissues were biopsied for pathological examination including immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. PubMed database was searched for articles about SCNEC-nasopharynx published up to April 2024 in any language. Result The 3 cases had similar histological features of SCNEC in other organs but differed in rich- tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). All of them stained for pancytokeratin (panCK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Case 1 and Case 2 diffusely expressed insulinoma-associated protein 1(INSM-1) and synaptophysin (Syn), Case 3 strongly stained for CD56 and Syn. Immunostaining of all 3 cases for p40, p63, TTF-1, CK20, S-100 and NUT showed negative. BRG-1, INI-1 and Rb were retained. And p53 all showed wild-type expression. The Ki-67 labeling indiced of case 1, 2, and 3 were 80%, 90%, and 80%, respectively. In situ hybridization showed strong and uniform nuclear positivity of EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBER) in the neoplastic cells of 3 cases. Conclusion EBV-positive SCNEC-nasopharynx was exactly rare. The origin of this tumor is still controversial. It may originate from EBV-infected mucosal epithelium like nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Based on our cases and relevant literature, we found EBV-positive SCNEC-nasopharynx as a probably site-specific subtype of SCNEC with differing pathogenetic mechanism. The subtype not only virus positivity but also that it was associated with TILs and did not show p53 or Rb alterations by immunohistochemistry. It may be more responsive to treatment and have a better prognosis than classic SCNEC. We will continue to follow-up these patients and collect additional cases to further understand the unique biology of this rare solid tumor.

Background: There is currently scarcity of information on small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nasopharynx (SCNEC-nasopharynx). It is believed that this type of cancer is not associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and is indistinguishable from classic SCNEC occurring in other organs. Materials and methods: Herein we provided 3 cases of nasopharyngeal mass in our hospital, two males and one female. On admission, these patients were considered nasopharyngeal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis, and one of them had liver metastasis. The nasopharyngeal mucosal tissues were biopsied for pathological examination including immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. PubMed database was searched for articles about SCNEC-nasopharynx published up to April 2024 in any language. Result: The 3 cases had similar histological features of SCNEC in other organs but differed in rich- tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). All of them stained for pancytokeratin (panCK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Case 1 and Case 2 diffusely expressed insulinoma-associated protein 1(INSM-1) and synaptophysin (Syn), Case 3 strongly stained for CD56 and Syn. Immunostaining of all 3 cases for p40, p63, TTF-1, CK20, S-100 and NUT showed negative. BRG-1, INI-1 and Rb were retained. And p53 all showed wild-type expression. The Ki-67 labeling indiced of case 1, 2, and 3 were 80%, 90%, and 80%, respectively. In situ hybridization showed strong and uniform nuclear positivity of EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBER) in the neoplastic cells of 3 cases. Conclusion: EBV-positive SCNEC-nasopharynx was exactly rare. The origin of this tumor is still controversial. It may originate from EBV-infected mucosal epithelium like nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Based on our cases and relevant literature, we found EBV-positive SCNEC-nasopharynx as a probably site-specific subtype of SCNEC with differing pathogenetic mechanism. The subtype not only virus positivity but also that it was associated with TILs and did not show p53 or Rb alterations by immunohistochemistry. It may be more responsive to treatment and have a better prognosis than classic SCNEC. We will continue to follow-up these patients and collect additional cases to further understand the unique biology of this rare solid tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is an infrequent malignancy with an unfavorable prognosis, and there is a paucity of research on the multimodal imaging features of MBC. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the multimodal imaging features, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognosis of MBC. A total of 36 patients with histologically confirmed MBC from 2012 to 2021 were included in the study. We analyzed the pre-treatment multimodal imaging features, including mammography, ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as clinicopathology and prognosis of MBC. Follow-up data included local recurrence, distant metastasis, and overall survival (OS) rate. MBC patients had a median age of 51 years at diagnosis. The most common histologic subtype was squamous cell carcinoma, with 86.1% of MBC being histological grade 3 and triple negative. The most common mammographic findings were irregular shape, non-calcification, and high density. The predominant US findings included irregular shape, parallel orientation, posterior acoustic enhancement, and hypoecho. On MRI, most masses exhibited irregular shape, spiculate margin, heterogeneous enhancement, Type II time intensity curve, and diffusion restriction on diffusion weighted images determined by apparent diffusion coefficient. According to breast imaging reporting and data system, mammography suggested malignancy in 50% of cases, US indicated a moderate to high suspicion of malignancy in 77.8% of cases, MRI revealed malignancy in all cases. At a median follow-up time of 48 months (range, 8–122 months) for 35 MBC patients, the local recurrence, distant metastasis, and OS rates were 11.4%, 28.6%, and 67.4%, respectively. The benign features of MBC on mammography and US may cause misinterpretation. However, the inclusion of malignant features observed on MRI can improve diagnostic accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of remnant gastric cancer under different definitions, as well as the prognostic factors of remnant gastric cancer under Chinese criteria. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Clinical data of patients with remnant gastric cancer（cancer on the remnant stomach） and ordinary gastric cancer treated at The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from September 2008 to November 2022 were collected. Propensity score matching（PSM） was used to compare the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of the two groups of patients before and after matching. The patients in the remnant gastric cancer group who met the Chinese criteria（more than 5 years after gastrectomy for benign diseases or more than 10 years after gastrectomy for gastric cancer） were defined as Group A, and those who did not meet the criteria were defined as Group B. The clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of the two groups were compared, and Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of patients in Group A. Results A total of 39 cases were included in the remnant gastric cancer group and 1 293 cases in the ordinary gastric cancer group. The remnant gastric cancer group had a higher proportion of males, older age, poorer preoperative nutritional status, and worse prognosis, with statistically significant differences between the groups. After PSM, the difference in prognosis between the two groups remained statistically significant. After grouping the remnant gastric cancer group according to Chinese criteria, Group A included 32 cases and Group B included 7 cases. Group A had a higher proportion of males and a higher proportion of initial surgery for benign diseases, with no statistically significant difference in prognosis between the two groups. Cox regression analysis showed that elevated preoperative CA199 and pN3 stage were independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients in Group A. Conclusion Remnant gastric cancer has significantly worse clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis compared to ordinary gastric cancer. Under the Chinese criteria, there are differences in clinical pathological characteristics between Groups A and B, but their survival prognosis is similar. Elevated preoperative CA199 and pN3 stage are independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients in Group A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Canine hemangiosarcoma and hemangioma are neoplasms of blood vessel-lining cells commonly found in dogs. Most tumors are often asymptomatic; however, ruptures of the affected organs, especially the spleen, frequently lead to hemorrhage or even hemorrhagic shock before diagnosis. This retrospective study used blood as a practical specimen and routine assessments, including hematology, serum biochemistry, and coagulation profiles, to develop predictive models for the early detection of canine vascular neoplasms. Analyses revealed associations between anemia and lymphopenia with hemangioma diagnosis, while anemia, lymphopenia, and hyperfibrinogenemia were associated with hemangiosarcoma diagnosis. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating comprehensive laboratory data with clinical information to facilitate early diagnosis and management of these critical conditions. Vascular neoplasms, including hemangiosarcoma (HSA) and hemangioma (HMA), are more common in dogs than other domestic animal species; however, comprehensive laboratory screening tests for early diagnosis are currently limited. The aims of this study were to investigate general signalments, anatomic locations, and clinicopathological abnormalities of dogs diagnosed with vascular neoplasms and to determine the diagnostic significance of these abnormalities. Retrospective data of dogs with HMA, HSA, and healthy dogs were analyzed. Dogs with HMA and HSA were seniors, with mixed breeds being most affected. HMA affected predominantly non-visceral sites, while HSA was more common in visceral sites, particularly the spleen. In multivariate model analyses, the odds of HMA diagnosis were 5.5 times higher in anemic dogs and 33.0 times higher in lymphopenic dogs compared to dogs without the abnormalities. The odds of HSA diagnosis were 42.5 times higher in anemic dogs, 343 times higher in lymphopenic dogs and 92.7 times higher in dogs with hyperfibrinogenemia compared to dogs without the abnormalities. The study suggested that these identified abnormalities were nonspecific and commonly observed in various chronic diseases, and hence their combination with clinical information, such as diagnostic imaging and histopathology, is important to facilitate a more precise diagnosis of canine vascular neoplasms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of glomerular IgM deposit intensity in IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) remained ambiguous and requires further research. Patients with biopsy-proven IgAN in our hospital from January 2018 to May 2023 were recruited into this retrospective single-center study. Patients who presented with positive IgM deposit were included in IgM + cohort while patients with negative IgM deposit were included in IgM– cohort. Of the IgM+, patients whose IF intensity of IgM deposits exceeded 1+ formed IgM-H cohort while patients whose IF intensity of IgM deposits was equal to 1+ consisted IgM-L cohort. Pairwise comparisons were performed among these cohorts to determine clinical disparities, following the propensity score matching process. Among 982 IgAN patients, 539 patients presented with positive IgM deposit. The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the IgM deposit did not contribute adversely to the outcomes (eGFR decreased from the baseline ≥ 50% continuously or reached end-stage renal disease). However, the Cox regression analysis showed that increased intensity of IgM deposit was an independent risk factor (p = 0.03) in IgM+. The IgM-H exhibited more pronounced segmental glomerulosclerosis (p = 0.02) than the IgM-L, which may also be associated more directly with higher urine protein levels (p = 0.02). Moreover, our generalized linear mixed model demonstrated a remarkably higher urine albumin/creatinine ratio (p

Background: Nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphomas (nTFHLs) represent a new family of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs), and comparative studies of their constituents are rare. Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled 10 patients with nTFHL-F and 30 patients with nTFHL-NOS diagnosed between December 2017 and October 2023 at six large comprehensive tertiary hospitals; 188 patients with nTFHL-AI were diagnosed during the same period at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University for comparison. Results: Compared with nTFHL-AI, nTFHL-NOS patients exhibited better clinical manifestations, lower TFH expression levels, and a lower Ki-67 index. However, no differences in clinicopathological features were observed between nTFHL-F and nTFHL-AI patients as well as nTFHL-NOS patients. According to the survival analysis, the median OS for patients with nTFHL-NOS, nTFHL-AI, and nTFHL-F were 14.2 months, 10 months, and 5 months, respectively, whereas the median TTP were 14 months, 5 months, and 3 months, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed differences in TTP among the three subtypes(P=0.0173). Among the population of patients receiving CHOP-like induction therapy, there were significant differences in the OS and TTP among the nTFHL-NOS, nTFHL-AI, and nTFHL-F patients (P=0.0134, P=0.0205). Both the GDPT and C-PET regimens significantly improved the ORR, OS, and PFS in nTFHL patients. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the clinical manifestations, pathology, and survival outcomes among the three subtypes of nTFHLs. However, further research with a larger sample size, and involving clinical pathology and molecular genetics is needed to determine the distinctive biological characteristics of these tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) is a very rare low-grade neoplasm of un- certain behavior which tends to occur in connective or other soft tissue. At present there are very few reports on it and due to the rarity its lineage has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to observe the clinical data, pathological general, microscopic morphology and immunohisto chemical staining results of PHAT in one case of gastroomental soft tissue and to make differential diagnosis, and to retrospectively analyze the relevant literature to improve the further understanding of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common pathological type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and effective biomarkers will improve diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated NPEPL1 expression in ccRCC through public databases and clinical samples and assessed its correlation with clinicopathological features and patient prognosis. METHOD: Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and clinical specimens were gathered, NPEPL1 expression levels were analyzed; a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of NPEPL1; and clinicopathological data was used to study the correlations between expression and clinical parameters. NPEPL1's prognostic value was appraised using a Kaplan–Meier (K–M) survival curve, Cox regression analysis, and a nomogram model; Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of differently expressed genes between tissues with high and low NPEPL1 expression were used to estimate the underlying mechanisms involved. RESULTS: NPEPL1 was significantly higher-expressed in ccRCC tissue. ROC analysis showed that NPEPL1 had noteworthy diagnostic efficacy. NPEPL1 expression was closely related to clinicopathological parameters, such as T and M stage. K–M analysis showed that overall survival was significantly shortened with high NPEPL1 expression. Cox regression analysis showed that NPEPL1 expression was an independent risk factor predicting overall survival. The nomogram showed a significantly high clinical value in predicting the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival probabilities in ccRCC. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that NPEPL1 may promote the occurrence and development of ccRCC via the Ras signaling and other pathways. CONCLUSION: NPEPL1 expression in ccRCC was higher than that in normal kidney tissues and was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis. Therefore, NPEPL1 is a promising prognostic biomarker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem considered: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed type of cancer in Indonesia, accounting for around 8.5% of cancer cases. This study aims to know the epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients in Tertiary Hospital in West Java. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. All the data were obtained from Hasan Sadikin General Hospital CRC Registry from November 2021 until May 2023. Results: 208 colorectal cancer patients were analyzed. The average age at diagnosis was 52,9 (52 ± 13.1) with 61% diagnosed over 50. More females (51%) were diagnosed. Smoking history included 37.5% active smokers and 41.8% passive exposure. Nutritionally, 65.8% were normal weight, 30.7% underweight, and 5% overweight. The most common presenting symptoms were constipation (49%) and rectal bleeding (38%). Stage III and IV were diagnosed in 77% of patients. Left-sided colon tumors (85%) were most frequent, with adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (98%) being the dominant histology. Bowel obstruction (68%) was the most common complication. Conclusion: CRC in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital was frequently diagnosed at a late stage, with a relatively high percentage of patients were below 50 years. Left-sided CRC and histological types of adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified were still the most common pathological features of CRC. Future research is needed to discover the potential multifactorial causes of this phenomenon.

Objective: This study aims to analyze giant ovarian tumors' clinical and pathological characteristics. Material and Methods: This was an analytical observational study. Medical records of all patients with giant ovarian tumors who underwent surgery between January 2020 and June 2022 at Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, were analyzed. Results: We analyzed 63 patients with ovarian tumors measuring > 20 cm who underwent surgery at Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. The mean tumor size was 25.9 cm (largest size was 41 cm). There was no significant difference in tumor size between benign and malignant giant ovarian tumors (p = 0.261). Based on histopathological results, 66.67 % of giant ovarian tumors were malignant, 26.98 % were benign, and 6.35 % were borderline. Among the malignant tumors, the epithelial type accounted for 69 % of cases. Most giant ovarian tumors originated in the left adnexa (68.25 %). There was no significant difference in patient age (p = 0.511), tumor size (p = 0.168), malignancy (p = 0.303), and histopathological type (p = 0.232) regardless of adnexal side. CA125 levels did not differ significantly between malignant and benign giant ovarian tumors (p = 0.604). There was no correlation between malignant ovarian tumor size and CA125 levels, while there was a significant difference between CA125 levels and the adnexal side (p = 0.010). Conclusions: Most giant ovarian tumors were malignant, diagnosed at an early stage, and predominantly epithelial type. CA125 levels did not correlate with the size of malignant ovarian tumors. Most giant ovarian tumors originate in the left adnexa.

Abstract Background The study of pathologic diagnosis of placental TB is rare. The aim of this study is analyzing the pathomorphological characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) placenta during pregnancy and its clinical significance. Methods Nineteen cases of placental tissue specimens during pregnancy were collected from June 2015 to February 2022 at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, the only inpatient center for pregnant women with TB in Shanghai, China. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, acid-fast staining, and molecular testing were applied to analyze them comprehensively in combination with clinical information. Results Among the 19 cases, 7 cases caused intrauterine stillbirth, 3 cases received artificial abortion required by the pregnant woman, the other 9 cases received standard delivery and the infants survived, however, 3 of them were low-weight preterm infants, and another 1 case suffered mild intrauterine asphyxia. The 9 surviving infants were followed-up, of which 3 cases got congenital TB. For pathological characteristics of placental tissues under light microscopy, there were 3 cases of epithelioid granuloma formation, 13 cases of acute fetal membranitis, 4 cases of caseous necrosis, 7 cases of inflammatory necrosis, 10 cases of coagulative necrosis, and 6 cases with small focal calcifications. All placental tissues were positive for acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Molecular pathological diagnosis showed that 18 cases were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with 1 case not having received examination. Conclusions Combining acid-fast staining and molecular pathological testing is helpful for accurately diagnosing placental TB.

Multifocal hepatic lesions in dogs arise from various benign and malignant liver diseases. Diagnosing these lesions is challenging because clinical signs, hematological data, and serum biochemistry are not definitive indicators. Ultrasound is utilized as a diagnostic imaging tool to evaluate liver parenchyma and detect hepatic lesions. This study aims to investigate the predictive factors that differentiate between benign and malignant multifocal hepatic lesions by examining ultrasound characteristics, blood tests, and serum biochemistry. In total, 43 dogs with multifocal hepatic lesions were included in this study. All dogs were classified into benign hepatic diseases (n = 32) and malignant haptic diseases (n = 11). For all dogs, their liver characteristics, lesion characteristics, and hepatobiliary ultrasound score by ultrasound were evaluated and we collected individual clinicopathological data for analysis. The findings of the univariate analysis revealed significant differences in four hematological and blood chemical parameters (hematocrit, white blood cell count, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and six ultrasonographic parameters (liver parenchymal echogenicity, lesion homogeneity, lesion echogenicity, maximum lesion dimension, average lesion dimension, and hepatobiliary ultrasound score). Using multivariate analysis, only two parameters, hepatobiliary ultrasound score and lesion homogeneity, showed significant differences (p-value < 0.001 and p-value = 0.011, respectively). Additionally, these parameters demonstrated high accuracy in predicting malignant multifocal liver lesions, with accuracy rates of 97.67% and 93.02%, respectively. Therefore, the hepatobiliary ultrasound score and lesion homogeneity are considered effective parameters for screening malignant multifocal liver lesions in dogs.

Background Follicular mycosis fungoides is a distinct variant of mycosis fungoides with a broad clinical spectrum. Recently, many studies have indicated that follicular mycosis fungoides should be divided into different subtypes with disparate prognoses. Objective To define the clinicohistopathologic features and outcomes of follicular mycosis fungoides and to identify risk factors that may be related to the prognosis of Chinese patients with follicular mycosis fungoides. Materials and methods We conducted a single-centre retrospective study and reviewed the clinical, histopathologic and immunophenotypic data of 12 patients diagnosed with follicular mycosis fungoides between 2009 and 2020 in the Department of Dermatology of West China Hospital of Sichuan university. Results A total of 12 patients (seven males and five females) with a mean age of 30 ± 14 years (age range 16–55 years) were included. Scalp and face were the most common involved sites (100%). Follicular papules, acneiform lesions, plaques, and nodules, were the main clinical presentations. Histopathological findings were consistent with the classic manifestations of follicular mycosis fungoides, including folliculotropism, perifollicular and intrafollicular lymphocytic infiltrates and mucinous degeneration. Interferon α-1b was the most common treatment. Four patients died of follicular mycosis fungoides in three years. Notably, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a decreased number of CD20+ cells in the deceased patients. Limitations This is a retrospective evaluation with a small number of cases; further prospective studies are warranted to support our inferences. Conclusion Our patients were much younger than in previous studies. The observed difference in this cohort may be explained by race, in addition to the limited number of cases. A decreased number of B cells might be associated with a poor prognosis, and more studies are necessary to discover the role of B cells in follicular mycosis fungoides as well as in mycosis fungoides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In tropical nations like India, ileocaecal emergencies are common in emergency rooms. Disorders such as typhoid, tuberculosis, and blunt force injury to the abdomen are acknowledged. This illness continues to be linked to high mortality and inevitable morbidity, even though there are contemporary diagnostic facilities and advancements in treatment regimens. The objective of the operating procedure is to fix the pathology while preventing major problems. Material and Methods: It was the combination of a retrospective and prospective study. In this study 40 individuals as subjects was used. This study was conducted at the Department of General Surgery, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Study period for this was the October 2022 to September 2023. Result: The purpose of this research was to catalogue the variables that influence the initiation, progression, and resolution of emergency laparotomies for ileocaecal emergencies. Assessing the linked rates of illness and mortality was another objective of the study. Forty individuals were evaluated, ranging in age from eighteen to seventyeight. Ten percent of individuals with systemic hypertension also had diabetes mellitus, making it the most common comorbidity. Half of all patients died if they went to the ER more than three days after their symptoms first emerged. Resection and anastomosis were the most common procedures. Conclusion: In order to treat a large number of patients effectively, it is necessary to integrate hydration, electrolyte correction, dietary management, and psychological support teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is an aggressive recurrent cyst with intriguing features. Various factors such as the surgical procedure are involved, and certain histological features contribute to its recurrence. We assessed the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological data of OKCs to better comprehend the true nature of this cyst. Material and Methods: A total of 58 lesions including four cases in association with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) were assessed. Radiographic features and histopathological features within the epithelium and capsule were assessed. Results: 72% of cases were seen in males and 28% in females. 43% of cases were seen in the mandibular ramus, and 65% exhibited unilocular radiolucency. 95% showed true parakeratinization. Cuboidal basal cell morphology was seen in 41.3% of cases and reversal of polarity in 60%. Basal budding, rete pegs, and mitosis were also observed within the epithelium. The epithelium showed separation at the subbasal level and suprabasal levels in 55 (94.9%) cases. Conclusion: Features such as basal cell budding, suprabasal mitotic activity, suprabasal split, localized inflammation, subepithelial hyalinization, and satellite cysts were commonly associated with recurrent cysts. Many newer genetic and molecular hypotheses have generated path-breaking contributions to the understanding of the biology of OKC. With the guidance and help of such factors, improved post-surgery results can be anticipated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study of pathologic diagnosis of placental TB is rare. The aim of this study is analyzing the pathomorphological characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) placenta during pregnancy and its clinical significance. Methods: Nineteen cases of placental tissue specimens during pregnancy were collected from June 2015 to February 2022 at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, the only inpatient center for pregnant women with TB in Shanghai, China. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, acid-fast staining, and molecular testing were applied to analyze them comprehensively in combination with clinical information. Results: Among the 19 cases, 7 cases caused intrauterine stillbirth, 3 cases received artificial abortion required by the pregnant woman, the other 9 cases received standard delivery and the infants survived, however, 3 of them were low-weight preterm infants, and another 1 case suffered mild intrauterine asphyxia. The 9 surviving infants were followed-up, of which 3 cases got congenital TB. For pathological characteristics of placental tissues under light microscopy, there were 3 cases of epithelioid granuloma formation, 13 cases of acute fetal membranitis, 4 cases of caseous necrosis, 7 cases of inflammatory necrosis, 10 cases of coagulative necrosis, and 6 cases with small focal calcifications. All placental tissues were positive for acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Molecular pathological diagnosis showed that 18 cases were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with 1 case not having received examination. Conclusions: Combining acid-fast staining and molecular pathological testing is helpful for accurately diagnosing placental TB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APA) is a rare uterine epithelial and stromal tumor. The pathogenesis of APA is not clear, and it may be related to the increased level of estrogen. The main clinical manifestations were irregular vaginal bleeding and infertility. The characteristics of imaging examination of APA are atypical, the diagnosis depends on histopathology. The tissue structure under the microscopy is often complex and diverse. Immunohistochemistry is an important method to assist the diagnosis. APA is a benign tumor, but with malignant potential, there is a risk of progression into endometrial cancer. It is easy to miss diagnosis or misdiagnosis clinically. At present, the clinical treatment strategy of APA is to select the individualized treatment according to the fertility requirements, age and postoperative pathological diagnosis. The pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of APA were reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Carcinosarcoma of the ovary is a rare pathological type of ovarian cancer that is highly aggressive and occurs most frequently in the female reproductive tract at the site of the uterus. Herein, we explore the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment options for carcinosarcoma of the ovary. Methods: We analyzed the clinical data of a case of carcinosarcoma, observed its histological morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics, detected the homologous recombination repair deficiency gene mutation, and reviewed the relevant literature. Results: A 76-year-old menopausal woman visited our hospital because of abdominal distension, difficulty in urination, and constipation. Ultrasonography demonstrated abnormalities in the uterus and pelvic cavity, suggesting that the patient should undergo surgery. Immunohistochemical findings of carcinosarcoma of the right ovary were as follows: CK fraction (+), vimentin fraction (+), CK5/6 foci (+), p16 (+), p53 in approximately 70% (+), WT-1 foci (+), ER foci (+), PR part (+), Her-2 (1+), CK7 fraction (+), CK20 foci (+), CD99 fraction (+), CD10 fraction (+), CD56 foci (+), c-kit foci (+), SMA part (+), desmin foci (+), PD-L1 (-), SALL4 (-), OCT3/4 (-), p63 (-), p40 (-), D2-40 (-), inhibin (-), PLAP (-), CD30 (-), and Ki67 hotspot in approximately 80% (+). The patient underwent tumor cytoreduction and adjuvant chemotherapy. Currently, she is being followed up for 16 months and has a good general condition. Conclusion: The diagnosis of carcinosarcoma relies on histopathological examination and differentiation of carcinosarcoma from immature teratoma. The current therapeutic regimen for carcinosarcoma is still based on tumor cytoreduction and platinum-containing chemotherapy; research on targeted therapy is still in progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) can develop through various pathogenetic pathways, and one of the primary pathways is high microsatellite instability (MSI-H)/deficient mismatch repair (dMMR). This study investigated the correlation between preoperative contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) and clinicopathologic characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) according to different mismatch repair (MMR) statuses. Methods From April 2021 to July 2022, a total of 281 CRC patients with preoperative CECT and available MMR status were enrolled from a single centre for this retrospective study. Preoperative CECT features and clinicopathologic characteristics were analysed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for statistical analysis. A nomogram was established based on the multivariate logistic regression results. Preoperative and postoperative dynamic nomogram prediction models were established. The C-index, a calibration plot, and clinical applicability of the two models were evaluated, and internal validation was performed using three methods. Results In total, 249 patients were enrolled in the proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) group and 32 patients in the deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) group. In multivariate analysis, tumour location (right-hemi colon vs. left-hemi colon, odds ratio (OR) = 2.90, p = .036), the hypoattenuation-within-tumour ratio (HR) (HR > 2/3 vs. HR

Background and Objectives. Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is more common than urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Carcinoma of the bladder is the tenth most common cancer in the world, with 570,000 new cases and 213,000 deaths annually. Men are significantly more likely than women to develop bladder cancer, with an incidence of 9.5 per 100,000 and a mortality of 3.3 per 100,000, which are rates approximately four times those seen among women globally. Clinicopathological profiling is highly significant in bladder carcinoma because the majority of specimens are received through TURBT. Materials and Methods. This observational descriptive study takes a retrospective approach. The population of this study consists of paraffin blocks obtained from biopsy, transurethral resection of bladder tumor, and cystectomy that were used to diagnose urothelial carcinoma of the bladder through histopathological analysis in the “Dr. Soetomo” General Academic Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. The demographic and histopathological data were taken from the patients’ medical records. Results. The majority of patients were men (88%). The average age of the patients was 58.65 years, with a range of 21–80 years and peak incidence occurring at 51–60 years (39%). The procedure most frequently employed was TURBT (68.48%), and squamous differentiation was the most frequent histologic finding (87.5%). The most common type of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder found on urine cytopathology examination was negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (81%). Conclusions. The clinicopathological profile is very important in determining the prognostic factor in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Most patients herein were men in the age group of 51–60 years. The procedure most frequently employed was TURBT. Most tumors comprised urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation, and the majority was negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma on urine cytopathological examination.

Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion. Among various circRNAs, circSMARAC5 attracted our great attention. The research aimed at broadening the knowledge on circSMARCA5 and exploring its function in clinicopathology and therapy in solid tumors. The incorporated research was explored via Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, consisting of 1048 patients. This study was calculated using STATA 12.0 and Review Manager 5.3 software. Clinicopathological characteristics and therapeutic targets were analyzed using pooled odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). And the ceRNA network of circSMARCA5 was constructed via Cytoscape 3.9.0. Eventually, there were eight studies included in conducting clinicopathological characteristics and four literature used in exploring therapeutic targets. Patients with low expression of circSMARCA5 were closely associated with gender (OR = 1.367, 95% CI = 1.003–1.862, p = .048) and pathological differentiation (OR = 1.627, 95% CI = 1.130–2.343, p = .009). Among these modulating axes, the most commonly microRNA was miR‐432. In the near future, circSMARCA5 may be a promising diagnostic biomarker and a new therapeutic target.

Elevated plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is often used to diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses. The hormone naturally increases in the fall in horses, and donkeys have been found to have higher ACTH concentrations than horses. However, circannual variation of ACTH has not been assessed in donkeys. The objective of the study was to establish seasonal variation of basal plasma ACTH concentrations over the course of a year in clinically healthy, non-geriatric donkeys. It was hypothesized that donkey ACTH concentrations would be higher than those reported in horses without PPID in all seasons, and that, similarly to horses, ACTH concentrations would further increase in the fall months. Twenty-six healthy adult donkeys (10 standards, 16 miniatures), a median (range) of 6 (2-13) years of age, were included. Donkeys were housed at a single location. Serial plasma samples were obtained monthly for 12 months. Plasma ACTH concentrations were determined by immunoassay. Data are presented as median (range), with a P-value < 0.05 considered significant. ACTH concentrations were lowest in the winter and spring [12.8 (5.0-73.6) pg/ml and 12.5 (2.8-62.6) pg/ml, respectively], with an increase in the summer [53.2 (29.7-305.0) pg/ml], and peak in the fall [77.1 (12.4-319.0) pg/ml]. ACTH concentrations were highest in the month of September [122.0 (41.7-319.0) pg/ml]. Donkey ACTH concentrations were higher than equine reference ranges from May through November but showed similar circannual variation with dramatic increases in the fall months. Species-specific reference ranges are necessary for accurate interpretation of endocrinopathy screenings in donkeys.

Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium Leprae. According to the WHO, leprosy is one of the communicable diseases that affect the skin, peripheral nerves, and upper mucosa, and it can cause physical disabilities, if not properly handled. This study aims to determine the clinical and pathological profile of leprosy at Prof. dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah Central Hospital Denpasar, in 2017 - 2022. Metods: The study used a descriptive research design with total sampling from secondary data obtained from the Pathology Anatomy Laboratory of Prof. dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah Central Hospital Denpasar. The sample collected during the study period included 63 samples of patients diagnosed with leprosy, which were then processed using SPSS software version 26. Result: The highest number of cases was found in patients age group of 19-64 years, accounting for 55 cases (87.3%), predominantly in male patients with 36 cases (57.1%). The most common main complaint was red patches, with 43 cases (72.8%) presenting erythematous skin lesions, specifically plaques, in 24 cases (42.8%). Conclusion: Based on classification, leprosy was more frequently grouped into two classifications: WHO classification and Ridley Jopling classification. According to the WHO classification, the majority of patients were found to have the PB type, accounting for 35 cases (55.6%), while based on the Ridley Jopling classification, the BT type was more prevalent, with 21 cases (33.3%). This study is beneficial as it provides insights into the clinical and pathological profile of leprosy. Further analytical research is needed to explore the relationships between various variables

Objective This study aimed to examine the correlation between BRAFV600E status and computed tomography (CT) imaging characteristics in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and determine if suspicious CT imaging features could predict BRAFV600E status. Methods This retrospective study included patients with pathologically confirmed PTC at the Department of Thyroid Surgery of Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, between July 2020 and June 2022. We compared the clinicopathologic factors and CT findings of nodules with and without the mutation, and the multiple logistical regression test was used to determine independent parameters of the BRAFV600E mutation. Results This study included 381 patients with PTC, among them, BRAFV600E mutation was detected in 314 patients (82.4%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender (OR = 0.542, 95% CI [0.296–0.993], P = 0.047) and shape (OR = 0.510, 95% CI [0.275–0.944], P = 0.032) were associated with BRAFV600E mutation. Conclusions Compared to BRAFV600E mutation-negative, BRAFV600E-positive PTC lesions were more likely to be found in female patients and were characterized by irregular shape. However, the CT imaging finding is not enough to predict BRAFV600E status, but an indication.

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Abstract Background The north and north‐eastern regions of India have among the highest incidence of gallbladder cancer (GBC) in the world. We report the clinicopathological charateristics and outcome of GBC patients in India. Methods Electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with GBC at Tata Medical Center, Kolkata between 2017 and 2019 were analyzed. Results There were 698 cases of confirmed GBC with a median age of 58 (IQR: 50–65) years and female:male ratio of 1.96. At presentation, 91% (496/544) had stage III/IV disease and 30% (189/640) had incidental GBC. The 2‐year overall survival (OS) was 100% (95% CI: 100–100); 61% (95% CI: 45–83); 30% (95% CI: 21–43); and 9% (95% CI: 6–13) for stages I–IV, respectively (p =

Vascular neoplasms, including hemangiosarcoma (HSA) and hemangioma (HMA), are more common in dogs than other domestic animal species; however, comprehensive laboratory screening tests for early diagnosis are currently limited. The aims of this study were to investigate general signalments, anatomic locations, and clinicopathological abnormalities of dogs diagnosed with vascular neoplasms and to determine the diagnostic significance of these abnormalities. Retrospective data of dogs with HMA, HSA, and healthy dogs were analyzed. Dogs with HMA and HSA were seniors, with mixed breeds being most affected. HMA affected predominantly non-visceral sites, while HSA was more common in visceral sites, particularly the spleen. In multivariate model analyses, the odds of HMA diagnosis were 5.5 times higher in anemic dogs and 33.0 times higher in lymphopenic dogs compared to dogs without the abnormalities. The odds of HSA diagnosis were 42.5 times higher in anemic dogs, 343 times higher in lymphopenic dogs and 92.7 times higher in dogs with hyperfibrinogenemia compared to dogs without the abnormalities. The study suggested that these identified abnormalities were nonspecific and commonly observed in various chronic diseases, and hence their combination with clinical information, such as diagnostic imaging and histopathology, is important to facilitate a more precise diagnosis of canine vascular neoplasms.

Background and Objectives. Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is more common than urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Carcinoma of the bladder is the tenth most common cancer in the world, with 570,000 new cases and 213,000 deaths annually. Men are significantly more likely than women to develop bladder cancer, with an incidence of 9.5 per 100,000 and a mortality of 3.3 per 100,000, which are rates approximately four times those seen among women globally. Clinicopathological profiling is highly significant in bladder carcinoma because the majority of specimens are received through TURBT. Materials and Methods. This observational descriptive study takes a retrospective approach. The population of this study consists of paraffin blocks obtained from biopsy, transurethral resection of bladder tumor, and cystectomy that were used to diagnose urothelial carcinoma of the bladder through histopathological analysis in the Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. The demographic and histopathological data were taken from the patients’ medical records. Results. The majority of patients were men (88%). The average age of the patients was 58.65 years, with a range of 21–80 years and peak incidence occurring at 51–60 years (39%). The procedure most frequently employed was TURBT (68.48%), and squamous differentiation was the most frequent histologic finding (87.5%). The most common type of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder found on urine cytopathology examination was negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (81%). Conclusions. The clinicopathological profile is very important in determining the prognostic factor in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Most patients herein were men in the age group of 51–60 years. The procedure most frequently employed was TURBT. Most tumors comprised urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation, and the majority was negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma on urine cytopathological examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The incidence of primary membranous nephropathy with crescentic bodies is low, but the specificity of its clinical presentation, pathology and prognosis is of great interest. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of patients with crescentic MN in our hospital over the past 4 years. Methods: Ten patients with combined crescentic primary membranous nephropathy diagnosed by renal biopsy at our hospital from 2018 to 2021 were retrospectively analysed and compared with 39 patients with PMN (simple random sample) during the same period for clinicopathological and prognostic comparisons. Results: The 10 patients had higher 24 h urine protein quantification, creatinine levels on renal biopsy, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration than the control group (P < 0.05); there were no significant differences in anti-PLA2R antibodies and PLA2R staining of renal tissue (P > 0.05); At follow-up, the poor outcome of crescentic MN treatment and the low clinical remission rate were found, with the percentage of crescentic bodies being a factor in patient prognosis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Crescentic MN has a low prevalence and maybe a specific type of PMN; it has more severe clinical symptoms and pathology than PMN, and the crescentic proportion is strongly associated with renal prognosis. Intensive treatment is recommended for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinicopathological progress of dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma (DPHCC) is a new subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma with poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry plays a key role in the diagnosis of DPHCC. DPHCC is closely related to the mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the stem cell characteristics of tumors. At present, there were few relevant literatures. We review the clinicopathological progress of DPHCC.

Domestic and wild dogs of all ages and breeds are susceptible to Canine Coronavirus (CCoV) infections and be seen in Türkiye and amongst world. CCoV has recently been declared a zoonotic disease agent and the eighth pathogenic human coronavirus. This study was conducted on 143 naturally infected dogs with gastroenteritis which were not vaccinated against CCoV in Türkiye in 2015-2020. The data of dogs were analyzed seroepidemiologically, clinicopathologically and statistically. CCOV antibodies in serum and CCOV antigens in stool were detected by ELISA and lateral immunochromatography. The rising CCoV IgG antibody titers were detected at all dogs and were as follows; 64 ng/L in 81 (81%) dogs. CCOV and Canine Parvovirus (CPV) antigen were detected together in the stool of the 41 (28.7%) dogs. As a result, it was concluded that the CCOV agent is in circulation among dogs living in Türkiye. CCOV and CPV can cause co-infections and increased mortality. Although infection can be seen in dogs of all ages, it can be seen more frequently in dogs younger than 1 year of age, and especially in dogs younger than 6 months, and can cause enteritis, low hemoglobin, erythropenia, lymphopenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypoproteinemia.

Abstract Background Abnormally expressed in diverse cancers, circZFR has been correlated with clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Aim of this meta-analysis was to elucidate the prognostic role of circZFR in multiple human malignancies. Methods Literature retrieval was conducted by systematically searching on Pubmed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to December 2nd, 2021. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to evaluate the association between circZFR expression and overall survival (OS). The reliability of the pooled results was assessed through sensitivity analysis and the publication bias was measured by Begg’s and Egger’s test. Results A total of seventeen studies comprising 1098 Chinese patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Results demonstrated that high circZFR expression was correlated with an unfavorable OS (HR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.74, 2.64). High circZFR expression predicted larger tumor size (OR = 2.79, 95% CI 1.52, 5.12), advanced clinical stage (OR = 3.38, 95% CI 1.49, 7.65), tendentiousness of lymph node metastasis (LNM) (OR = 3.08, 95% CI 2.01, 4.71), and malignant grade (OR = 3.18, 95% CI 1.09, 9.30), but not related to age, gender, and distant metastasis (DM). Conclusions High circZFR expression was associated with unfavorable OS and clinicopathologic parameters including tumor size, clinical stage, LNM, and histology grade, implicating a promising prognostic factor in cancers.

Background: Aberrant expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) was demonstrated in various tumors including breast cancer. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the role of FASN in breast cancer development and its potential prognostic significance. Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify studies that evaluated the relationship between FASN expression and overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) of breast cancer patients. To analyze the clinicopathological and prognostic values of FASN expression in breast cancer, pooled hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were clustered based on random-effects models. To confirm whether the findings were stable and impartial, a sensitivity analysis was performed, and publication bias was estimated. Data were analyzed using Engauge Digitizer version 5.4 and Stata version 15.0. Results: Five studies involving 855 participants were included. Patients with higher FASN expression did not have a shorter survival period compared to those with lower FASN expression (summary HR: OS, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.41-1.32; P=0.300]; DFS/RFS, 1.65 [95% CI, 0.61-4.43; P=0.323]). However, increased FASN expression was correlated with large tumor size (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.04-4.00; P=0.038), higher human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.05-2.23; P=0.028). No significant associations were observed between FASN expression and histological grade (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.41-2.04; P=0.832), Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.49-2.53; P=0.795), nodal metastasis (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.84-2.38; P=0.183), Ki-67 labelling index (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.15-2.63; P=0.533), estrogen receptor (ER) status (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.61-1.32; P=0.586), or progesterone receptor (PR) status (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.29-1.56; P=0.354).\ Conclusion: FASN is associated with HER2 expression and may contribute to tumor growth, but it has no significant impact on the overall prognosis of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The north and north‐eastern regions of India have among the highest incidence of gallbladder cancer (GBC) in the world. We report the clinicopathological charateristics and outcome of GBC patients in India. Methods: Electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with GBC at Tata Medical Center, Kolkata between 2017 and 2019 were analyzed. Results: There were 698 cases of confirmed GBC with a median age of 58 (IQR: 50–65) years and female:male ratio of 1.96. At presentation, 91% (496/544) had stage III/IV disease and 30% (189/640) had incidental GBC. The 2‐year overall survival (OS) was 100% (95% CI: 100–100); 61% (95% CI: 45–83); 30% (95% CI: 21–43); and 9% (95% CI: 6–13) for stages I–IV, respectively (p = <0.0001). For all patients, the 2‐year OS in patients who had a radical cholecystectomy followed by adjuvant therapy (N = 36) was 50% (95% CI: 39–64), compared to 29% (95% CI: 22–38) for those who had a simple cholecystectomy and/or chemotherapy (N = 265) and 9% (95% CI: 6–14) in patients who were palliated (N = 107) (p = <0.0001). Conclusion: The combined surgical/chemotherapy approach for patients with stage II GBC showed the best outcomes. Early detection of GBC remains problematic with the majority of patients presenting with stage III–IV and who have a median survival of 9.1 months. Our data suggests that the tumor is chemoresponsive and multi‐center collaborative clinical trials to identify alternative therapies are urgently required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Simple predictive markers enabling even nonspecialized medical doctors and clinicopathological features of primary liver cancer (PLC) following HCV clearance with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are unclear. Methods: The subjects of this retrospective study were 2,476 patients following HCV clearance with DAAs. All patients were confirmed to be PLC-free before and during DAAs. Results: PLC was diagnosed in 73 patients during the follow-up, with an incidence rate per 1 000 person-years of 5.9. The annual rate of PLC during the first 6 years was 0.6%. Multivariate analysis identified gender, GGT, and FIB-4 index as the significant determinants of PLC. According to a combination of these risk factors, the cumulative PLC incidence rates were significantly different among the five subgroups based on the number of PLC risk scores. In 73 patients with PLC, the rates of abnormal AFP, PIVKAII, and serum TERT C228T positive were 37.0, 32.4, and 22.2%. PIVKAII levels in BCLC stage A and B were significantly higher than those in stage 0. In 41 patients, who underwent surgical resection for PLC, maximum tumor diameters of abnormal PIVKAII were significantly larger than those of normal PIVKAII. PLC of abnormal PIVKAII significantly indicated presence of vp more than that of normal PIVKAII, and did not contain well-differentiated HCC. Conclusions: Combination of simple markers, enabling even nonspecialized medical doctors, is useful for the evaluation of PLC risk following HCV clearance with DAAs. However, imaging studies are regularly recommended for the early detection of PLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In sicca syndrome patients the xerostomia, xerophthalmia and the serological findings may strongly suggest the autoimmune Sjögren’s syndrome, but the histological findings in the labial salivary gland biopsies do not always justify the suspected diagnosis. The aim of this study was to compare the histomorphological changes and the clinical findings in patients with pathologically established Sjögren’s syndrome and in cases with negative histology. A total of 133 labial biopsies have been retrospectively evaluated from 2015 to May 2022, and the characteristic Sjögren’s lesions were found in 67 cases. According to the clinical data, 34 cases proved to be primary, and 33 were associated (“secondary”) forms. In 66 cases, the histology did not justify Sjögren’s syndrome; a significant acinar loss, fibrolipomatous infiltration, and mild sialadenitis had led to the clinical symptoms. In Sjögren’s histologies, the acinar loss was detected in just 31.8% of cases, which might indicate that the diminished saliva production represents immune-mediated hypofunction rather than direct damage of the acini. This is the first systemic study in Hungary investigating the correlation between pathological alterations and clinical findings.

Abstract Background This study compared the survival outcomes of different surgical approaches to determine the optimal approach for gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and aimed to standardize the surgical treatment guidelines for GCA. Methods A total of 7103 patients with GCA were enrolled from our previously established gastric cardia and esophageal carcinoma databases. In our database, when the epicenter of the tumor was at or within 2 cm distally from the esophagogastric junction, the adenocarcinoma was considered to originate from the cardia and was considered a Siewert type 2 cancer. The main criteria for the enrolled patients included treatment with radical surgery, no radio- or chemotherapy before the operation, and detailed clinicopathological information. Follow-up was mainly performed by telephone or through home interviews. According to the medical records, the surgical approaches included transthoracic, thoracoabdominal, and transabdominal approaches. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to correlate the surgical approach with survival in patients with GCA. Results There were marked differences in age and tumor stage among the patients who underwent the three surgical approaches (P

P21-activated protein kinases (PAKs) are thought to be at the center of tumor signaling pathways. As a representative member of the group II PAK family, P21-activated protein kinase 4 (PAK4) plays an important role in the development of tumors, with several biological functions such as participating in oncogenic transformation, promoting cell division, resisting aging and apoptosis, regulating cytoskeleton and adhesion, as well as suppressing antitumor immune responses. PAK4 is also crucial in biological processes, including the occurrence, proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, drug resistance, and immune escape of tumor cells. It is closely related to poor prognosis and tumor-related pathological indicators, which have significant clinical and pathological significance. Therefore, this article offers a review of the structure, activation, and biological functions of PAK4 and its clinical and pathological importance. This overview should be of assistance for future research on PAK4 and tumors and provide new ideas for tumor treatment and prognostic evaluation of patients.

Introduction: The two less-known subtypes of lichen planus (LP) are lichen planus actinicus (LPA) and lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP), with the highest prevalence in the Middle East. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological profile of these patients. Methods: 307 cases including 184 LPA and 123 LPP patients were recruited from the registered pathology reports of Razi Skin Hospital of Tehran from April 2016 to March 2021. The clinical features and pathological reports were extracted and analyzed. Results: Among 307 patients, 117 (63.9%) in the LPA group and 88 (71.5%) in the LPP group were women. Duration of disease ranged from 1 month to 20 years and 1 month to 12 years in the LPA and LPP groups, respectively. Face (159 patients), limbs (68), and neck (23) were the most frequent sites of involvement in LPA patients, whereas face (60 patients), limbs (47), and trunk (42) were more commonly involved in the LPP patients. Pruritus and oral mucosal lesions were found with similar frequency in both groups. Pathological evaluation showed vacuolar degeneration of basal layer (100%), lymphocytes infiltration (97.3%), and melanin incontinence (58.2%) as the most frequent findings in LPA and vacuolar degeneration of basal layer (100%), lymphocytes infiltration (100%), and melanin incontinence (52/8%) as the most frequent findings in LPP cases.Conclusion: LPA and LPP were both more prevalent among women. Face was the most common site of involvement in both LPA and LPP. Vacuolar degeneration, lymphocyte infiltration, melanin incontinence, and hyperkeratosis were more common histological findings in this study.

Introduction: The clinical significance of persistent hematuria degrees has not been expounded in primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and requires further research. Methods: From January 2003 to May 2022, a total of 684 IgAN patients with persistent hematuria were enrolled to conduct a retrospective single-center study. Patients whose hematuria degree at baseline was higher than the second tertiles of the whole were included in the high-degree hematuria cohort (Hh), and the low-degree hematuria cohort (Lh) was constructed with 1:1 matched cases from the rest according to age, gender, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline and follow-up time. Survival was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method (K-M) and generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM). Risk factors for survival were determined according to the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Both the Hh and Lh consisted of 228 cases. While the demographic data and the renal function at baseline were matched, both the K-M (p = 0.02) and GLMM (p = 0.04) proved that the prognosis of the Hh was significantly worse than that of the Lh within 10 years of follow-up. The higher persistent hematuria degree was an independent risk factor (3.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.33–11.6) associated with reaching the endpoint (eGFR decreased from the baseline ≥30% continuously or reached end-stage renal disease [ESRD]). The Hh had a significantly higher proportion of crescent (p = 0.003). The prognosis of the Hh was significantly worse than that of the Lh when accompanied by the crescent and presented an indistinct difference if the crescent was absent. Conclusions: The clinicopathologic manifestation of IgAN patients with persistent high-degree hematuria was severer, and the prognosis was worse than those with persistent low-degree hematuria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Most neuroendocrine tumor [NET] occurs in lungs, appendix, small intestine, rectum and pancreas. The main objective of this study was investigating clinicopathology in patients with neuroendocrine tumor of the lung. Methods: In this present study we evaluated clinicopathological characteristics of 67 patients with lung neuroendocrine tumor reffered to our center from 2016 to 2021 Results: The mean age was 56.62 years. Neuroendocrine tumors were more common in sixth decade [35.8%] of life. 76% were male and 23.9% were female. The most common types of neuroendocrine tumors were small cell lung cancer [SCLC], and typical carcinoid [TC] with frequencies of 56.3% and 23.4%, respectively. The frequency of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma [LCNEC] and atypical carcinoid [AC] was 10.9% and 9.4%, respectively. So that typical carcinoid tumor was the most prevalent type in the fourth decade. However, SCLC and LCNEC tumors were more prevalent in the sixth decade, and 70% of atypical tumors were prevalent in patients under 40 years of age. TC, SCLC, and LCNEC tumors were more common in men compared to women. Besides, the average mitotic index in TC, AC, SCLC, and LCNEC tumors was 2.7%, 7.5%, 75.4%, and 54.16%, respectively. Conclusion: Our data revealed the clinicopathological status of neuroendocrine tumor of the lung. So, paying attention to the clinical condition, age, gender of patients in this regard helps in timely diagnosis of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the second deadliest cancer in the world. It starts in the large intestine and rectum. At Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung, the incidence of this disease was 224 cases in 2015, 187 cases in 2016, 212 cases in 2017. The mortality rate and prognosis of individuals suffering from Colorectal Adenocarcinoma were related to their clinicopathological profile. This paper is a cross-sectional study in which the Clinicopathological data comes from the medical records of patients at Hasan Sadikin Hospital between 2015 and 2017. Wald's statistics was used to analyze the results of the data in the 95% confidence range/interval. There were 149 samples, and the number of men and women were similar. The mean age was 57. The study discovered that the proportion of carcinomas in the left colon (71.23%, 95% CI 63.31-78.04%) were much higher than in the right colon (28.77%, 95%CI 21.95-36.69). The anatomical pathological features of NOS dominated the sample (95.3%, 95% CI 90.42-97.76%) far more than non-NOS/mucinous. The proportion of grading well differentiation was slightly higher in the moderate-poor differentiation group. T3, N0, and Mx were the most common staging in this study. Lymphovascular invasion was the most common invasion (55.7%, 95% CI 47.58-63.53%). The results are in line with a Chinese study that stated that the Adenocarcinoma NOS variant is the most common variant and has a better prognosis. However, the location of the tumors in Indonesia s were predominantly on the left colon, while tumors found in the Chinese were predominantly on the right colon. The primary staging of patients in this study were T3, while in the Chinese study, it was primarily T4. Lymphovascular invasions were more common in patients in this study compared to that in China. This shows that there are differences in pathogenesis, molecular genetics and severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crosstalk between the oral microbiome and oral cancer has yet to be characterized. This study recruited 218 patients for clinicopathological data analysis. Multiple types of specimens were collected from 27 patients for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, including 26 saliva, 16 swabs from the surface of tumor tissues, 16 adjacent normal tissues, 22 tumor outer tissue, 22 tumor inner tissues, and 10 lymph nodes. Clinicopathological data showed that the pathogenic bacteria could be frequently detected in the oral cavity of oral cancer patients, which was positively related to diabetes, later T stage of the tumor, and the presence of cervical lymphatic metastasis. Sequencing data revealed that compared with adjacent normal tissues, the microbiome of outer tumor tissues had a greater alpha diversity, with a larger proportion of Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas, while a smaller proportion of Streptococcus. The spacespecific microbiome, comparing outer tumor tissues with inner tumor tissues, suggested minor differences in diversity. However, Fusobacterium, Neisseria, Porphyromonas, and Alloprevotella were more abundant in outer tumor tissues, while Prevotella, Selenomonas, and Parvimonas were enriched in inner tumor tissues. Clinicopathology-specific microbiome analysis found that the diversity was markedly different between negative and positive extranodal extensions, whereas the diversity between different T-stages and N-stages was slightly different. Gemella and Bacillales were enriched in T1/T2-stage patients and the non-lymphatic metastasis group, while Spirochaetae and Flavobacteriia were enriched in the extranodal extension negative group. Taken together, highthroughput DNA sequencing in combination with clinicopathological features facilitated us to characterize special patterns of oral tumormicrobiome in different disease developmental stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyalinising clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) of the lung is an extremely rare tumour that is just recently recognised as one of the salivary gland-type tumours (SGTT) in the latest WHO classification of thoracic tumours. Eleven cases have been reported in English literature since Joaquín et al. reported the first case. Given the very limited number of cases, the clinical and histological features of pulmonary HCCC are equivocal. Herein, we present two cases of pulmonary HCCC. The patients were a 66-year-old man and a 48-year-old woman. The mass was located on the right main bronchus and right middle lobar bronchus separately. One was 2 cm and the other was 3.3 cm in the greatest dimension. The tumours were comprised of small monomorphic cells with clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm and infiltrated in a hyalinising stroma arranged in nests, cords, sheets and trabeculae. Their morphology resembled their head and neck counterparts. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells were positive for AE1/AE3, P63, while negative for TTF1, Calponin, S-100, HMB45 and PAX8. Ki-67 labeling ranges from 3% to 10%. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) demonstrated EWSR1 rearrangement and Next-generation sequencing (NGS) demonstrated EWSR1- ATF1 (exon 11: exon 3) fusion in case one and EWSR1- ATF1 (exon 2: exon 12) fusion in case two. This is the first time to report the EWSR1-ATF1fusion point other than exon 11: exon 3 in pulmonary HCCC. Case one recurred two years after local resection but didn’t metastasise during follow-up 36 months. Case two is alive without disease after lobectomy during follow-up 14 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]