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Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a common complication of many cardiovascular diseases. It is important to study the clinical and functional features of CHF to clarify the further prognosis of this disease due to the unfavorable course and high mortality rate. Diagnosis and treatment of CHF is an issue for doctors of various specialties, in particular when it comes to geriatric patients with multiple concomitant diseases. Various physiological and morphological transformations in the aging population contribute to heart failure. The most common type of HF in older people is HF with preserved ejection fraction. Atypical clinical symptoms of CHF are much more common in elderly people than in young people. The prevalence of HF with age is associated with a longer period of influence of damaging factors on the heart, such as arterial hypertension, metabolic stress or ischemia-related damage. Due to the unfavorable course and high mortality rate, it is important to study the clinical and functional characteristics of CHF to clarify its prognosis. However, the data available on this issue vary significantly; the mechanisms, issues of diagnosis and treatment of patients with heart failure in different age groups have not been sufficiently studied, which determined the purpose of this study ‒ to investigate the features of the clinical and functional characteristics of CHF depending on age. Material and methods. The study included 90 male and female patients with diagnosed CHF stages I-IIB, NYHA functional class I-IV, aged 40–86 years, who underwent echocardiography, general and biochemical blood tests. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 – patients of working age (women 16–54 years old and men 16–59 years old, n = 20), group 2 – patients older than working age (women 55 years and older, men 60 years and older, n = 70). Results and its discussion. According to the data obtained, the average age of all surveyed was 68.1 ± 9.8 years. The second stage of CHF prevailed in both the first and second groups of the studied categories of participants. Atypical symptoms prevailed, which creates difficulties in its diagnosis and treatment. The frequency of CHF decompensation in patients over working age, as well as the concentration of natriuretic peptide, is higher compared to the group of CHF patients of working age, which is probably due to the presence of comorbid pathology and cognitive deficit. The data obtained can be used to develop an approach to stratify the risk of CHF.

The problem of infective endocarditis (IE) remains relevant due to the high mortality rate and the development of severe complications. IE is a polyetiological disease, the occurrence and development of which can be caused by an extremely extensive list of pathogens, which is replenished almost annually. The pronounced clinical polymorphism of IE determines the importance of its early diagnosis, including the use of new medical technologies. Timely informing physicians about the modern principles of monitoring of patients with IE is of great practical importance. Part I of the article describes the clinical features, basic principles of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of IE, taking into account the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology 2023.

Background: Despite the global increase in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence, there is little knowledge regarding the nature of the HIV clinical profile and patients' sociodemographic characteristics in Upper Egypt. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic and clinical profile of HIV-infected patients registered in treatment centers in Upper Egypt over the past 7 years. Methods: Data were collected from the available medical records for 650 patients at the three main HIV healthcare centers in Upper Egypt from January 2015 until December 2021. The collected sociodemographic variables included age, sex, occupation, educational level, residence, and risk factors. In addition, clinical examination data, treatment regimens, laboratory investigations, and outcome data were obtained. Results: The study found that most patients (85.5%) were male, with ages ranging from 3 to 78 years and a median age of 33. Intravenous drug use (44.5%) was the most common transmission route, and fever (84.3%) was the most frequently reported symptom. Pneumonia (24.3%) was the most registered opportunistic infection. Median CD4 cell counts were 299 cells/mm3 before treatment and 366 cells/mm³ after treatment. PCR values were available for 631 patients (97%), with viremia evident in 630 patients (99.8%) before treatment. 73.2% of patients showed improvement in outcomes, while 8.3% died. Conclusion: The current study findings provide relevant information for the National AIDS Program (NAP) to design HIV education messages and apply preventive measures accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common cause of severe cognitive impairment in adults is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Depending on the age of onset, AD is divided into early (<65 years) and late (≥65 years) forms. Early-onset AD (EOAD) is significantly less common than late-onset AD, accounting for only about 5–10% of cases. However, its medical and social significance as a disease leading to loss of ability to work and legal capacity, as well as premature death in patients aged 40–64 years, is extremely high. Patients with EOAD, as compared with late-onset AD (LOAD), have a greater number of atypical clinical variants: 25% and 6–12.5%, respectively, which complicates the differential diagnosis of EOAD against other neurodegenerative diseases. Nonetheless, the typical amnestic variant predominates in both LOAD and EOAD. Also, patients with EOAD have characteristic neuroimaging features: brain MRI scans from patients with EOAD often have more severe parietal atrophy and less severe hippocampal atrophy than those from patients with LOAD. This report addresses the features of the clinical and neuroimaging picture in patients with EOAD. A clinical case of a patient with EOAD is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multi-organ disorder characterized by a highly variable clinical presentation depending on the affected organ/s, extent of tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesions, and associated functional impairment. The disease pursues a chronic, relapsing, often asymptomatic course and hence may pose a significant diagnostic challenge. Diagnostic delay can lead to progressive fibrosis and irreversible organ damage resulting into significant morbidity and even mortality. Given its broad clinical spectrum, physicians of all specialties may be the first clinicians facing this diagnostic challenge. Outside the pancreatobiliary system, the head and neck represents the major site of IgG4-RD with variable organ-specific diffuse or mass-forming lesions. In up to 75% of cases, elevated serum IgG4 levels are observed, but this figure possibly underestimates the fraction of seronegative cases, as the disease manifestations may present metachronously with significant intervals. Together with negative serology, this can lead to misdiagnosis of seronegative cases. A standardized nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD were established in 2012 and revised in 2020 facilitating scientific research and expanding the range of diseases associated with IgG4 abnormalities. In addition to orbital pseudotumor, dacryoadenitis, Riedel thyroiditis, sinonasal manifestations, and rare miscellaneous conditions, IgG4-related sialadenitis is one of the most frequent presentations in the head and neck region. However, controversy still exists regarding the relationship between sialadenitis and IgG4-RD. This review focuses on the clinicopathological features of IgG4-related sialadenitis and its contemporary diagnostic criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Diphtheria is an acute bacterial infectious disease characterized by serious morbidity and mortality. Outbreaks continue to occur in developing countries despite national vaccination programs. Vaccination, early recognition the disease, and adequate intervention are needed to avoid devastating outcomes. Objective To describe the clinical spectrum of childhood diphtheria and its association to outcomes during the 2019-2020 diphtheria outberak in Yemen. Methods This was a retrospective study to assess the demographic, clinical features, and outcomes of paediatric respiratory diphtheria in patients with diphtheria during the outbreak from September 2019 until May 2020 admitted at Mukalla Maternity and Children Hospital. We used SPSS 22 version for data analysis. Results There were 34 culture-confirmed diphtheria cases included in this study, their age ranged from 13 months to 15 years old. Most of the cases (76.5%) happened to children at more than 5 years old. There was no gender difference. Of these 34-positive diphtheria, 79.4% from Hadramout and 17.6% from Shabwa governorate. Most of the cases (35.3%) were admitted in December. More than half of the patients (52.9%) were unimmunized. Fever, sore throat, and enlarged tonsils were presented in all patients, dysphagia (82.4 %), pseudomembrane (91.7%), bull neck (52.9%), and stridor (8.8%) were also found in some patients. Complications included acute renal failure (20.6%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), shock (17.6%), and myocarditis (8.8%). Significant poor outcome (P< 0.05) was associated with bull neck, myocarditis, acute renal failure, DIC, and shock. The case fatality rate (CFR) was 20.6%. Conclusion Fever, sore throat, tonsillitis, pseudomembrane, and bull neck are high index suspicion of diphtheria and anticipation of ominous outcome. The shifting of occurrence of diphtheria to older age group indicates the need for booster(s) diphtheria toxoid vaccine in addition to improving and strengthening the current immunization program.

Background and Aim: The isopods of the Crustacea are noteworthy. All marine, fresh, and brackish waterways at all depths are home to aquatic organisms. This order also includes species that live on land. This study aimed to report a new occurrence of the isopod Cirolana capricornica on the operculum, mouth, and body cavities of Epinephilus chlorostigma in the Suez Governorate, Egypt. Materials and Methods: With the help of fishermen, 50 live E. chlorostigma (Linnaeus, 1758) were randomly gathered along the Red Sea coast of the Suez Governorate during November and December 2019 for the current investigation. Isopods were isolated from the fish samples and captured using light and electron microscopy for morphological identification. Results: Some fish were emaciated, and minute white isopods were attached externally to the skin near the gills and mouth cavity, and internally to the mouth cavity. No correlation was observed between body cavity attachment and gross lesions. The prevalence of infestation was 16%. Conclusion: C. capricornica was identified using optical and electron microscopy to analyze the isopod specimens’ morphology. This scavenging isopod species is newly discovered in Egypt.

Background and Aim: The isopods of the Crustacea are noteworthy. All marine, fresh, and brackish waterways at all depths are home to aquatic organisms. This order also includes species that live on land. This study aimed to report a new occurrence of the isopod Cirolana capricornica on the operculum, mouth, and body cavities of Epinephilus chlorostigma in the Suez Governorate, Egypt. Materials and Methods: With the help of fishermen, 50 live E. chlorostigma (Linnaeus, 1758) were randomly gathered along the Red Sea coast of the Suez Governorate during November and December 2019 for the current investigation. Isopods were isolated from the fish samples and captured using light and electron microscopy for morphological identification. Results: Some fish were emaciated, and minute white isopods were attached externally to the skin near the gills and mouth cavity, and internally to the mouth cavity. No correlation was observed between body cavity attachment and gross lesions. The prevalence of infestation was 16%. Conclusion: C. capricornica was identified using optical and electron microscopy to analyze the isopod specimens' morphology. This scavenging isopod species is newly discovered in Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the NorthTick project, co-funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund and the North Sea Region Programme, specialists in the field of tick-borne diseases from seven North Sea countries co-operated with patient organisations and governmental health care institutions to provide this comprehensive overview of diagnostics and treatment recommendations in the region for Lyme borreliosis, Borrelia miyamotoi infection, tick-borne encephalitis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, rickettsiosis, neoehrlichiosis and babesiosis. The main conclusion is that the recommendations in these northern countries are essentially the same, with very few differences. This overview presents the current diagnostics and provides useful clinical guidance.

Background. Anaemic syndrome of complex origin is not uncommon in urinary tract infection, particularly in dietary non-adherence, menstrual cycle disorders, or concomitant digestive diseases, recurrent respiratory infections, etc. However, there is currently insufficient epidemiological data on this comorbidity in the literature. This study aims to establish the features of pyelonephritis course in its combination with anaemic syndrome in children. Materials and methods. We analysed the medical records of 200 children aged 0 to 17 years with acute non-complicated pyelonephritis, complicated and recurrent urinary tract infections for 2012–2017. In the second stage of our work, we comprehensively examined 85 girls aged 11 to 17 who underwent inpatient treatment between 2018 and March 2023. Thirty children of the same age and gender made up the comparison group. A paediatric gastroenterologist, a paediatric gynaecologist and/or urologist examined all patients. Immunochemical method with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used to assess ferritin content; also, serum iron and total iron-binding capacity were measured. Results. Anaemic syndrome is common in most girls with urinary tract infections (58.8 % of сases). Among the causes, the follo­wing are distinguished: menstrual cycle disorders with abnormal uterine bleeding (50.0 %), chronic digestive disorders, in particular malabsorption syndrome of unknown origin (25.0 %), recurrent bronchopulmonary disorders (15.0 %), and unbalanced diet (10.0 %). The features of urinary tract infections and concomitant iron deficiency in children include fatigue (55.0 % in acute non-complicated pyelonephritis vs. 40.0 % in complicated urinary tract infections, р 0.05). The ferritin level was the highest in patients with complicated urinary tract infections (18.2 µg/mL). In patients with recurrent urinary tract infections, this indicator was the lo­west — 5.0 µg/mL. Conclusions. Retrospective analysis of medical records confirmed the presence of anaemia in 30.0 % of girls with inflammatory kidney diseases. During the physical examination, 58.8 % of female adolescents with urinary tract infections had signs of anaemic syndrome.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a new and relatively rare nosology in children associated with COVID-19 infection, which is characterized by severe multiple organ involvement and poses an immediate life threat.Objective: to analyze the clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination data of patients with MIS-C associated with COVID-19 infection, hospitalized in the Republican Infectious Diseases Hospital of the Komi Republic and the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Komi Republic from April 2020 to April 2022.Material and methods. The retrospective study included 15 patients. The diagnosis was verified according to the Guidelines of the Russian Ministry of Health (version dated July 3, 2020). The results of clinical, instrumental and laboratory examination of patients were evaluated in comparison with literature data.Results and discussion. The prevalence of MIS-C in the Komi Republic was 5.5 per 100,000 persons under 18 years of age. The majority of the study cohort were males (66.7%), the median age was 3 years. 46.7% of cases were between the ages of 8 and 14 years. At the onset of clinical manifestations, all patients had fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. In 80% of children, pathological changes of skin and mucous membranes, as well as respiratory disorders were revealed. Involvement of the cardiovascular system in the pathological process was noted in 66.7% of cases. Less frequently, the urinary tract was affected. When analyzing laboratory data, an increase in the level of inflammatory markers, as well as lymphopenia and neutrophilia, were noted. Most patients received therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin and systemic glucocorticoids, as well as anticoagulants and acetylsalicylic acid. The outcomes of the disease in most cases were favorable, in 6.7% of patients a lethal outcome was recorded.Conclusion. The analysis of cases of MIS-C illustrates the high frequency of seroconversion to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the predominance of males compared to females (2:1 ratio), the prevalence of the age group under 4 years, the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and generally favorable prognosis. The diversity of clinical features of COVID-19 warrants a high degree of suspicion for MIS-C, as well as the development of a predictive tool, the "MIS-C Suspicion Index".

Background. During the three years of the new coronavirus infection (NCI) pandemic, young women of low infectious risk made a certain contribution to the severe maternal morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Aim. To establish risk factors for morbidity and give a clinical assessment of COVID-19 during epidemic outbreaks in 2020, 2021, and 2022 in low-risk pregnant women. Materials and methods. The study included three groups of pregnant women with clinically manifested and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection: 163 pregnant women who became ill in the first wave of the epidemic in October-December 2020, 158 in the second and third epidemic wave in July and October 2021, and 160 in the fourth epidemic wave in JanuaryFebruary 2022. Each comparison group included 100 pregnant women who did not become ill during the same periods of the pandemic. Patients of all groups were in the III trimester of gestation, comparable in age (1835 years), social status, parity, and body mass index, and had no known risk factors for COVID-19. Results. Iron-deficiency anemia, tobacco smoking, and belonging to the East Asian ethnic group showed a stable association with the incidence of COVID-19 in low-risk pregnant women. In the first year of the pandemic (strains zero and Alpha), the clinical presentation of NCI was dominated by a loss of smell and/or taste (87.7%), drowsiness (68.7%), and dyspnea even with a mild degree of lung damage (68.1%). The epidemics of the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic (Delta strain) were characterized by a more severe course of the disease than in the first year: fever was more often reported above 38C (19.6% vs 7.4%; p2=0.006), pneumonia confirmed by computed tomography (61.4% vs 21.4%; p20.001), severe lung damage (CT-3: 11.4% vs 4.9%; p2=0.040; CT-4: 0 vs 6.3%; p20.05), intensive care unit admission (11.4% vs 6.4%; p2=0.041); there were cases of invasive mechanical ventilation (1.89% vs 0; p2=0.118) and deaths (0.63% vs 0; p2=0.492). In the epidemic of the third year of the pandemic (Omicron strain), the COVID-19 clinical presentation was similar to seasonal acute respiratory viral infection: the predominant symptoms included runny nose (66.7%) and cough (54.4%); pneumonia was rare (3.8%). Conclusion. Iron deficiency anemia, tobacco smoking, and belonging to the East Asian ethnic group are confounders of COVID-19 disease in pregnant women without known infectious risk factors. Unlike the epidemics of the first and third year of the pandemic with dominant zero, Alpha, and Omicron strains, epidemic outbreaks of the second year of COVID-19 caused by the Delta strain were characterized by the most severe disease course, a high rate of pneumonia and deaths even in low-risk patients.

Objectives. To describe the features of the clinical picture and estimate the incidence of HIV-associated cerebellar degeneration in patients with progressive cerebellar ataxia. Materials and methods. A total of 377 patients with progressive cerebellar ataxia were examined using brain MRI, the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), and screening for cognitive impairment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test (MoCa). Autoimmune, deficiency, and other causes of ataxia, opportunistic infections, multiple system atrophy, and common forms of hereditary spinocerebellar ataxia were excluded in patients with HIV infection. Results. Five patients (1.3%) with combined ataxia and HIV infection were identified (two men, three women, aged 31–52 years). The median duration of HIV infection was five years and the duration of ataxia was one year. The clinical picture included not only progressive ataxia, but also pyramidal signs, dysphagia, and, less commonly, ophthalmoparesis, dystonia, postural hand tremor, and affective and moderate cognitive impairment. Brain MRI scans revealed signs of olivopontocerebellar atrophy in three patients and degeneration of the cerebellum (mainly the vermis) in two. All patients received combined antiretroviral therapy in various regimens, though despite this, ataxia was progressive. Conclusions. HIV infection is a rare cause of cerebellar degeneration. This diagnosis remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Cerebellar degeneration can occur and progress even after achieving stable remission of HIV infection on the background of highly active antiretroviral therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a worldwide emergency. The disease is characterized primarily by symptoms of the respiratory system, but also by systemic inflammation. Since the onset of the disease, there has been a need for biomarkers to predict the severity of the clinical picture and the outcome of the disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate systemic inflammatory markers for predicting severity of COVID-19. Methods: The study was conducted at the Sarajevo Canton Health Center on a total of 170 adults suffering from COVID-19. 70 subjects had mild clinical picture, while the control group consisted of 100 subjects with moderate clinical picture. The results of complete and differential blood counts, C-reactive protein (CRP), and systemic inflammatory indexes (SII) (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio [NLR], derived NLR [dNLR], platelet/lymphocyte ratio [PLR], and SII) were used to compare the groups. IBM SPSS Ver. 23 was used for statistical analysis and data processing. Results: The proportion of male patients in the group with a milder clinical picture was higher than the proportion of male patients with a moderate clinical picture, p = 0.016. The values of leukocytes and neutrophils were higher in patients with a moderate clinical picture (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively). The values of all inflammatory indexes (NLR, dNLR, PLR and SII) were higher in patients with a moderate clinical picture of COVID-19 than in patients with a mild clinical picture (p < 0.001 for NLR, dNLR, and SII; p = 0.023 for PLR). In the research, patient age showed no correlation and CRP showed no correlation with SII. Conclusion: SII show higher values in patients with a moderate compared with a mild clinical picture of COVID-19. These parameters can be cost-effective and useful indicators in patient classification, diagnosis, and probably in monitoring patients with COVID-19.

The present retrospective study analyzed the characteristics of strongyloidiasis in patients who were diagnosed at the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Toulouse, France. Sixty-nine file records were included in the study on the basis of a positive stool examination that used Baermann's method. The prominent epidemiological findings were the presence of former immigrants from Italy or Portugal, veterans from the 1st Indochina war, and autochthonous cases. Almost 1/4 of the patients were asymptomatic. Manifestations of skin allergy were the main clinical feature. Blood eosinophilia was present in 76.8% of the patients, and serum total IgE was ≥150 kIU/L in 79.7%. Immunodiagnosis was achieved from 1990 to 2001 by indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) that was then replaced with ELISA, both methods using Strongyloides ratti filariform larvae. ELISA was found to be similar to IFAT in terms of specificity but exhibited a greater sensitivity. Patients were primarily treated with albendazole or ivermectin beginning in 1993. Forty-eight patients attended the follow-up consultation. Kinetics of the clinical picture and blood eosinophilia were found to be the most convenient parameters to assess the efficacy of anthelmintic therapy. In conclusion, strongyloidiasis remains a neglected disease in Southwestern France. The resolution of clinical features along with the kinetics of eosinophilia appeared to be the most appropriate parameters to check during the posttreatment follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Tuberculosis is a serious medical and social problem that does not lose its importance, despite all the advances in pharmacology and surgery. Diagnosis of urogenital tuberculosis (UGTB), as a rule, is delayed due to low index of suspicion to tuberculosis and the absence of pathognomonic symptoms. Aim. Determining the change in the ratio of clinical forms of renal tuberculosis from 1999 to 2020. Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort comparative non-interventional study on the spectrum of the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) was carried out. Among all 13852 extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients which were diagnosed from 1999 to 2020, patients with renal tuberculosis were selected, and the spectrum of their clinical forms in three periods was analyzed: 1st period 19992004 (1155 patients), second period 20052014 (2657 patients), and the third period 20152020 (671 patients). The clinical features of nephrotuberculosis in 88 patients was also estimated. Results. Over the 20 years of the analyzed period, the number of patients with UGTB decreased by 80.6%; for the year of the COVID-19 pandemic, this figure fell by another third. In the first period, destructive complicated forms of nephrotuberculosis prevailed (922 patients 79.8%), while the so-called "minor forms" were diagnosed in 233 patients (20.2%). In the second period, the situation was statistically significantly more favorable: the proportion of destructive and complicated forms of renal tuberculosis decreased to 43.8% (1124 patients), "small forms" were diagnosed in 1443 patients (56.2%). In the third period, destructive and complicated forms of nephrotuberculosis were diagnosed in 531 patients (77.6%), and the proportion of "small forms" in comparison with the previous period decreased by half, to 22.4%. Analysis of the clinical features of renal tuberculosis, depending on the prevalence of the destruction, showed that an asymptomatic course is possible, and pain, dysuria, intoxication and renal colic are present with different frequencies, and the clinical picture of tuberculosis of the renal parenchyma differs significantly from the clinical picture of tuberculous papillitis, cavernous nephrotuberculosis and symptoms of renal tuberculosis as whole. Conclusion. Currently, there is no screening on urogenital tuberculosis at all. Patients are diagnosed by referral, with a long history, after receiving multiple courses of antibacterial treatment; mainly through the pathomorphological examination of the operating material. Thus, a sharp decrease in the proportion of UGTB patients does not mean the disappearance of tuberculosis of this localization, but only states the tragic defects in timely diagnosis and low index of suspicion of medical doctors in relation to UGTB.

The article describes a clinical case of an unfavorable course of pasteurellosis in a patient with liver cirrhosis. Possible variants of the clinical course, clinical and epidemiological data, on the basis of which pasteurellosis can be suspected, modern recommendations for antibiotic therapy are considered.

Introduction. Despite that ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) is an extremely rare disease, it is of great medical and social importance by taking into account very high level of overall mortality, recurrence, metastasis, and economic costs.Aim: to summarize current data on various aspects of OCS.Materials and Methods. The search strategy for English written papers published in databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar was based on the following keyword queries: «ovarian carcinosarcoma», «etiology and pathogenesis», «epidemiology», «classification», «clinical picture», «diagnosis», «treatment». The search depth was limited within the years 2010–2022, by prioritizing the search depth within the last 5 years (2017–2022).Results. We found 48 articles in English, published from 2016 to 2022, of which 47 (97.9 %) articles were published within the last 5 years. Scientific data are represented by studies with a small patient sample and with low evidence base. The results of the analysis for identified publications showed a limited, fragmented and inconsistent scientific data both in terms of etiology, pathogenesis and treatment, as well as an impact of OCS stages, age and other risk factors on the likelihood of relapses.Conclusion. The lack of extensive clinical studies along with observed substantial number of controversial issues may be accounted for by OCS low prevalence and complex pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the results obtained during the generalization of scientific knowledge provide a realistic insight into the current state of global science about this medical and social disease and may be used to improve the diagnostics and treatment of OCS patients.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a worldwide emergency. The disease is characterized primarily by symptoms of the respiratory system, but also by systemic inflammation. Since the onset of the disease, there has been a need for biomarkers to predict the severity of the clinical picture and the outcome of the disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate systemic inflammatory markers for predicting severity of COVID-19. Methods: The study was conducted at the Sarajevo Canton Health Center on a total of 170 adults suffering from COVID-19. 70 subjects had mild clinical picture, while the control group consisted of 100 subjects with moderate clinical picture. The results of complete and differential blood counts, C-reactive protein (CRP), and systemic inflammatory indexes (SII) (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio [NLR], derived NLR [dNLR], platelet/lymphocyte ratio [PLR], and SII) were used to compare the groups. IBM SPSS Ver. 23 was used for statistical analysis and data processing. Results: The proportion of male patients in the group with a milder clinical picture was higher than the proportion of male patients with a moderate clinical picture, p = 0.016. The values of leukocytes and neutrophils were higher in patients with a moderate clinical picture (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively). The values of all inflammatory indexes (NLR, dNLR, PLR and SII) were higher in patients with a moderate clinical picture of COVID-19 than in patients with a mild clinical picture (p < 0.001 for NLR, dNLR, and SII; p = 0.023 for PLR). In the research, patient age showed no correlation and CRP showed no correlation with SII. Conclusion: SII show higher values in patients with a moderate compared with a mild clinical picture of COVID-19. These parameters can be cost-effective and useful indicators in patient classification, diagnosis, and probably in monitoring patients with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Significant progress in the medication of syphilis has been achieved for the past century. Now this disease is diagnosed in the early stages. Accordingly the mark of late stages of the syphilis can only be seen on paleoanthropological materials. The object of this work is the detail characteristic of the pathological changes of syphilitic etiology on the skull of the woman (25-35 years old) who lived in the 17th or early 18th centuries in Primokshanie. Materials and methods. The researchable skull was found during archaeological excavations on the territory of the Kelgininsky burial ground belonging by the Mordva-Moksha. The archaeological site is located on the territory of the Zubovo- Polyansky district of the Republic of Mordovia. The burial dates to the 17th - early 18th centuries. The skull was explored visually and by cone-beam tomography. Visualization of results of tomography was realized out using the GALILEOS Viewer program. Results. The most observable changes have been seen in the zone of the outer surface of the frontal squama, the nasal cavity and the osseous palate. The walls of the nasal cavity are deformed, the nasal bones, shells, vomer are destroyed by a pathological process with noticeable sclerosis of the remaining bones; there are traces of healed gumma on the intermaxillary suture of the osseous palate. Moreover, most of the right and left maxillary sinuses were replaced with porous bone. Conclusions. The results of the research show that the method of conebeam tomography is effective for the study of pathological changes on the human skull. The study let to supplement the clinical picture of syphilis in the later stages of the development of this disease. This is of great importance, since the nature of destructive changes in syphilis is greatly variable.

The literature review is devoted to the modern concept of human betaherpesvirus 6 (human herpesvirus 6; HHV-6). The analysis of the literature mainly for the last five years was carried out. The article provides a brief background on the history of the discovery of viruses, highlights the taxonomy of HHV-6, new views on the etiological features of the HHV-6A and HHV-6B viruses, in particular, the possibility of their gene integration. Differences between HHV-6A and B are described. Modern views on the etiological relationship of various diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, а heart, other organs and systems with HHV-6A and HHV-6B are presented. There have been cases of infectious mononucleosis associated with HHV-6, as well as exanthemа subitum that is mostly typical for children under 2 years old. Modern ideas about the possibilities and problems of HHV-6 infection laboratory diagnosis and treatment of children and adult are given. Obtained data points out necessary of a unified protocol creation for the examination and treatment of HHV-6.

Coronavirus induced diseases can cause significant damage to agriculture that is associated with high (up to 100%) lethality in young animals. Members of the family Coronaviridae are characterized by the fact that they infect a wide range of animals and birds with expressed species-limited pathogenicity. One more coronavirus specificity involves their ability to simultaneously affect more than one organ. The disease severity is also strongly correlated with the age of the susceptible animal and degree of pathology. Thus, the coronavirus induced diseases are most often acute in newborn and young animals, while such diseases often develop into chronic and latent forms in adult animals. The general property of all coronavirus-induced diseases involves acute impairement of capillary circulation in the affected organ thus leading to the development of further pathology. The proposed review demonstrates brief overview of the history of discovery and examination of the viruses of Coronaviridae family and describes the coronavirus taxonomy. The paper reviews the virus structure, physico-chemical and biological properties; it describes specific features of their cultivation in vitro, some biochemical aspects of the virus replication and analyses the process of their propagation in the sensitive cells. Some data on the virus antigen structure and immunogenicity, on the presence of related antigens in the coronaviruses infecting humans, animals and birds are demonstrated as well. The paper provides data on the significant role the coronaviruses play in the pathology of farm animals and stresses their economic relevance, in particular for the commercial pig and poultry production.

The COVID-19 pandemic proceeds in waves, with variable characteristics of the clinical picture resulting from the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study aimed to compare the epidemiological characteristics, symptomatology, and outcomes of the disease in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 during periods of different variants dominance. Comparing the periods of dominance of variants preceding the Delta variant, the Delta period was characterized by a higher share of hospitalized females, less frequent comorbidities among patients, and a different age distribution. The lowest need for oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation was observed under Omicron dominance. The triad of classic COVID-19 symptoms, cough, fever, dyspnoea, and fatigue, were most prevalent during the Delta period, and significantly less common under the Omicron dominance. During the Omicron period, nearly twice as many patients as in the previous periods could be discharged from the hospital within 7 days; the overall 28-day mortality was significantly lower compared to that of the Delta period. It also did not differ between periods that were dominated by the BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants. The study indicates that the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant that dominated between January and June 2022 caused a disease which resembled the common cold, and was caused by seasonal alpha and beta-coronaviruses with a low pathogenicity for humans. However, one should note that this effect may not only have been related to biological features of the Omicron lineage, but may additionally have been driven by the increased levels of immunization through natural infections and vaccinations, for which we could not account for due to a lack of sufficient data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pigeons are highly susceptible to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection, which causes economic losses in terms of increased mortalities, immunosuppression, vaccination costs, and probable trade restrictions. NDV belongs to the avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1). The antigenic variant of APMV-1 is termed as pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1), which is classified in the genus Avulavirus of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae and family Paramyxoviridae. Infections of pigeons with PPMV-1 have been detected since the 1930s, and the virus is still circulating in many countries until now. Domestic, feral, and racing pigeons, doves, and exotic birds are susceptible to PPMV-1 infection. The virus is rapidly spreading between birds through the horizontal route. Infected pigeons may show circling, ataxia, torticollis, head and neck tremors and twisting, leg and wing paralysis, greenish diarrhea, respiratory signs, and polyuria. Some pigeons could be infected with PPMV-1 without apparent signs, and they act as reservoirs for other domestic or free-living birds. The diagnosis of suspected PPMV-1 cases is based mainly on the isolation and identification of the virus, serological detection of specific antibodies, and molecular characterization of the virus. Adoption of strict biosecurity measures as well as vaccination using traditional live or inactivated NDV or even the specific PPMV-1 vaccines are the gold standard methods for preventing pigeons from such infection. Therefore, this review article was designed to focus on PPMV-1 infection regarding the virus characteristics, epidemiology, diagnosis, human infection, and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Child Neurology / Neurologia Dziecięca is the property of BiFolium and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, clinical picture, complications, and risk factors associated with Diabetes Mellitus in dogs in Alexandria governorate, Egypt. One hundred and thirty-nine dogs representing fifteen breeds from the Directorate of Veterinary Medicine in Alexandria governorate were involved in the study between November 2020 and April 2021. After a thorough clinical examination and filling out a pre-designed questionnaire, random blood glucose (RBG) test was performed for all animals. Those with high RBG levels were subjected to a complete blood picture (CBC), liver and kidney functions, and HbA1c. A control group of 50 dogs of similar age, sex, breed, and management was selected and subjected to the same analyses. The prevalence of DM among the studied dogs was 7.2 %. All diabetics suffered from polydipsia and polyuria, while 60% suffered from polyphagia and 80% suffered from weight loss. No significant impact of DM on temperature, respiratory rate, anaemia, liver enzymes and platelets count, but there was a significant increase in pulse rate. There was a significant impact of DM on eyes as 80% of the diabetic dogs suffered from cataracts. It had a significant impact on total leucocyte count and on the renal function, where 70 % of the diabetics had impaired renal functions. Regarding the risk factor analysis associated with the occurrence of DM, only breed has been identified as a potential risk factor for cDM (canine diabetes mellitus). So, a spotlight must be thrown on cDM as an essential and not uncommon dog's disease, and we need to raise awareness of cDM among veterinarians and dogs' owners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of interaction between a person and the intestinal microbiome is surrounded by many secrets and mysteries. The bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract has a local and systemic effect not only on the digestive system, but also on the entire body as a whole. Numerous studies have proved the pathogenetic relationship of the state of the intestinal biocenosis not only with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, but also with pathological processes from other organs and systems of the body. In terms of its role in maintaining homeostasis, the intestinal microflora is not inferior to any other vital organ. In the presented review, the current aspects of the terminology and clinic of disorders of intestinal microbiocenosis are considered. Probiotics occupy an important place in the complex therapy of intestinal microbiocenosis disorders and the corresponding clinical manifestations. The review considers the main mechanisms of probiotic / host interaction, non-immunological and immunological effects of probiotics and the requirements for them, the main directions of use of representatives of the normal microflora Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. The data of meta-analyzes and systematic reviews, testifying to the expansion of indications for the appointment of probiotics, are considered the possibilities of probiotics in the complex therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection, syndrome of increased epithelial intestinal permeability, and the prevention of respiratory infections.The review concludes with the results of a search in the PubMed database on the possibility of using probiotics in the prevention and treatment of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. The availability of modern, effective and safe probiotics in the arsenal of a practical doctor (primarily a general practitioner and general practitioner), and their use, contributes to the optimization of drug therapy not only in gastroenterological patients, but also in patients with other somatic pathologies, including those with new coronavirus infection COVID-19.

Investigation of autoimmune epilepsy (AIE) has been attracting increasingly more attention due to discovery of neuronal antibodies and improved understanding of the mechanisms related to such immune-mediated syndromes. The review is aimed at autoimmune epilepsy taking into account up-to-date advances in exploring its pathophysiology. Definitions related to this issue are outlined, and pathogenetic mechanisms, features of antineuronal antibodies as well as AIE clinical picture based on type of autoantibodies, are considered. The necessity of regular monitoring patients with AIE is indicated, preferably by an epileptologist together with a neuroimmunologist. With prolonged follow-up, chronic pharmacoresistant epilepsy persists in some patients, despite aggressive immunotherapy and antiepileptic drugs. With a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of antibody-mediated and autoantigen-specific T-cell-mediated AIE syndromes, the use of antiepileptic drugs and immunotherapy can be further optimized.

Medical history, disease onset, clinical symptoms, and results of neuroimaging of 14 glossopharyngeal schwannoma patients, who were exa­mined and treated in the Subtentorial Neurooncology Department of the State Institution, Romodanov Institute of Neurosurgery of the NAMS of Ukraine (8 patients) and the Neurosurgery Department No. 2 of the Municipal Enterprise, Mechnikov Dnipropetrovsk Regional Clinical Hospital of Dnipropetrovsk Regional Council (6 patients) in 2018 to 2021 have been analyzed in details. The study inclusion criteria were as follows: patient’s age over 18, pre­sence of unilateral primary glossopharyngeal nerve schwannoma. Our study showed that most of clinical signs and symptoms of the glossopharyngeal nerve schwannoma are associated with otolaryngological disorders (such as hearing loss, tinnitus, hoarseness, or dizziness) or cerebellar disorders (such as ataxia, nystagmus, or dizziness). Neuroimaging cerebellopontine angle tumors diagnosis must include brain computed tomography (with mandatory assessment of the state of jugular foramen and internal auditory canal) and IV contrast brain magnetic resonance tomography and inclusion of high-resolution sequences, gradient echo (3D CISS, DRIVE, TRUFFI, B-FFE) with the aim of better visualization and differentiation of various cerebellopontine angle cranial nerves. The study demonstrates the com­plexity of a reliable preoperative diagnosis when using standard diagnostic tools. Preoperative jugular foramen and cerebellopontine angle tumors diagnosis should be based on a systematic approach and include a comparison of results of comprehensive clinical and instrumental examination and neuroimaging studies.

The purpose of the comments is the analysis of Professor Dmitry D. Pletnev's article Hypertension (experience in analyzing its genesis) from the point of view of modern ideas about arterial hypertension. Currently, a small number of publications of Professor D.D. Pletnev, a Russian scientist and clinician, unjustly convicted in 1937, have been preserved. The small work includes not only a deep and critical analysis of the pathogenetic mechanisms of this disease, but also an assessment of diagnostic methods, as well as a detailed description of the clinical picture. The paper, published in 1935, remains relevant and of interest to clinicians and medical historians.

Erosive and ulcerative lesions of the digestive tract are one of the most pressing problems in the clinic of internal diseases due to the extremely widespread prevalence, the presence of severe complications, often fatal, diagnostic difficulties due to the presence of a large number of asymptomatic pathologies and difficulties in the rational choice of therapy. Particularly noteworthy is the data that during the global pandemic of Covid-19 infection, it is capable, quite often, of causing the development of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. In this regard, it seems important to use drugs that can not only prevent the occurrence of erosive and ulcerative lesions and strictures throughout the gastrointestinal tract, but also effectively achieve epithelialization of injuries to the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine. One of them is Rebamipid-CZ, which has a fairly high safety and efficacy profile. It seems important to consider the issues of optimizing the prevention and treatment of erosive and ulcerative lesions of various parts of the gastrointestinal tract of various etiologies, taking into account the possibility of using rebamipide both as part of complex therapy and in isolation.

Histiocytic tumors are a highly heterogeneous group of diseases, with Langerhans cell histiocytosis occupying the main place among it. Despite the rare frequency of occurrence, long-term analysis of clinical, morpho-immunological and molecular-biological features has allowed the development of effective treatment protocols (especially in the pediatric cohort of patients). In addition to Langerhans cell histiocytosis, the histiocytic tumors group includes rare and casuistic variants, which include histiocytic sarcoma, Langerhans cell sarcoma, indeterminate dendritic cell tumor, interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma, follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, and fibroblastic reticular cell tumor. The incidence of certain nosological variants is several cases per hundreds of millions of the population. Not surprisingly, the diagnostic criteria for this group of tumors need to be clarified, as do the therapeutic approaches. This review presents current data on rare histiocytic tumors, clinical features as well as morphological and immunobiological characteristics of the tumor substrate. The results of modern surgical and therapeutic treatment approaches are presented.

Since the beginning of this century, three types of coronavirus have widely transmitted and caused severe diseases and deaths, which strongly indicates that severe infectious diseases caused by coronavirus infection are not accidental events. Coronavirus-infected diseases are mainly manifested by respiratory symptoms, with multiple organ dysfunctions. Precisely investigating the pathological process, characteristics and pathogenesis of coronavirus-infected diseases will be beneficial for us to understand clinical manifestations and provide targeted suggestions on prophylaxis and treatment. This paper briefly reviews the pathological findings of three known coronavirus-infected diseases, and attempts to construct the pathological spectrum of coronavirus-infected diseases, aiming to provide reference and thinking for autopsy, histopathological examination and animal infection model study of coronavirus-infected diseases.

Background: Skin reaction patterns vary across patients with cholinergic urticaria (CholU), but their definition, prevalence, and clinical significance remain ill characterized., Methods: Patients with CholU underwent pulse-controlled ergometry provocation testing to analyze skin reaction patterns and their correlation with location, onset, severity, sweating behaviour, clinical features, disease control, and quality of life (QoL) impairment., Results: Based on the size, color, spacing, and shape of wheals as well as their surrounding skin responses, we identified six distinct types of CholU skin reactions, which differed in prevalence, from 83% (Type I) to 11% (Type VI) of patients affected. Almost all patients (94%) had ≥1 type of skin reaction pattern. Sweating was reduced in the majority of CholU patients and most prominently reduced in patients with Type VI skin signs (very small, round, red, widely spaced wheals with surrounding anemic halo), which emerged exclusively on the extremities. Type V skin signs (large, irregular, anemic, widely spaced wheals with moderate size erythema) were associated with the most severe clinical presentation and poorest QoL., Conclusions: Our analysis showed that most patients have more than one type of skin reaction patterns and that different skin signs are linked to distinct features. Future studies should determine any links between treatment response and types of skin signs in CholU., (Copyright © 2024 Japanese Society of Allergology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected a large part of the population of La Libertad, among them, the population of Florencia de Mora whose hospital played an important role in the care of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Objective: to determine the epidemiological clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 treated at the care center. Methods: Retrospective observational descriptive study, with a population of 2622 patients treated in the COVID-19 triage, taking into account the molecular test and the rapid serology test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Results: SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 74.90% (1155) of patients. The months with the highest number of cases were June and July with 29.4% (340) and 37.4% (432), respectively. The predominant age group was 27- 59 years with 77.9% (900) and males with 57.5% (664). Regarding the clinical profile, the most frequent comorbidity was hypertension with 6.9% (80), obesity and overweight with 3.7% (43) and the most frequent symptoms were cough 62.9% (726) and odynophagia 55.7% (643). Conclusions: 75 out of 100 screened patients had SARS-CoV-2, predominantly males, the age group of 27-59 years, hypertension, obesity and overweight as comorbidity, cough and odynophagia as the most frequent symptoms.

The present retrospective study analyzed the characteristics of strongyloidiasis in patients who were diagnosed at the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Toulouse, France. Sixty-nine file records were included in the study on the basis of a positive stool examination that used Baermann’s method. The prominent epidemiological findings were the presence of former immigrants from Italy or Portugal, veterans from the 1st Indochina war, and autochthonous cases. Almost 1/4 of the patients were asymptomatic. Manifestations of skin allergy were the main clinical feature. Blood eosinophilia was present in 76.8% of the patients, and serum total IgE was ≥150 kIU/L in 79.7%. Immunodiagnosis was achieved from 1990 to 2001 by indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) that was then replaced with ELISA, both methods using Strongyloides ratti filariform larvae. ELISA was found to be similar to IFAT in terms of specificity but exhibited a greater sensitivity. Patients were primarily treated with albendazole or ivermectin beginning in 1993. Forty-eight patients attended the follow-up consultation. Kinetics of the clinical picture and blood eosinophilia were found to be the most convenient parameters to assess the efficacy of anthelmintic therapy. In conclusion, strongyloidiasis remains a neglected disease in Southwestern France. The resolution of clinical features along with the kinetics of eosinophilia appeared to be the most appropriate parameters to check during the posttreatment follow-up.

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The number of cases of alcoholism in Russia is gradually decreasing, but still significantly affects the overall health indicators of the population. One of its frequent complications is alcoholic polyneuropathy. The article deals with the pathogenetic mechanisms of the occurrence and development of the disease, its forms, classification, and clinical picture. The damage to the nervous system in patients with alcoholism depends on the frequency of alcohol consumption, the dose, the type of drinks that were consumed, malnutrition, genetic predisposition and individual characteristics that determine the level of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. In the clinical picture, a toxic form of alcoholic polyneuropathy is currently distinguished, associated with the direct effect of toxic alcohol metabolites on somatic and autonomic nerve fibers, thiamine deficiency, resulting from a deficiency of B vitamins, and mixed forms. According to the rate of development of clinical manifestations, there are acute forms of alcoholic polyneuropathy (thiamine deficiency) and chronic forms (toxic). The article discusses the possibilities of diagnostics using modern instrumental and laboratory methods of research, primarily electroneuromyography. With the help of this method of investigation, in alcoholic polyneuropathy, signs of axonal damage are most often detected, and in the thiamine-deficient form, it is possible to determine signs of secondary demyelination. The authors emphasize the importance of differential diagnosis with other pathologies. The article highlights the current understanding of the main therapeutic strategies, treatment options for patients with alcoholic polyneuropathy. Therapy of patients suffering from alcoholic polyneuropathy includes refusal of alcohol abuse, normalization of nutrition, medication. For drug therapy, B vitamins and antioxidants are used. The drug with a recognized antioxidant effect is alpha-lipoic acid. A clinical case was analyzed on the basis of our own clinical observation of a mixed form of alcoholic polyneuropathy.

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia belongs to the group of primary dyskinesias, which also includes paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia and exercise-induced paroxysmal dyskinesia. Due to the rarity of this disease group, as well as to the existence of a wide spectrum of disorders associated with transient movement abnormalities, the diagnosis is often difficult. A thorough analysis of clinical presentation, objective registration of paroxysmal events (video-electroencephalography monitoring) is helpful in the diagnosis. The most common causes of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia are mutations in the PRRT2 gene, while paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia is caused by the MR1 gene mutations.The paper describes a clinical case of a 13 year old patient with acute, movement-associated, shortterm dystonic, choreic and ballistic hyperkinesis attacks. The patient had been treated with the diagnosis of epilepsy, tics, and dystonia for a long time without any effect. During diagnostic workup, a mutation in the PRRT2 gene intron was identified by a new generation sequencing of gene panel. Despite of this mutation has not been previously described, taking into account the type of Informed consent statement hyperkinesis attacks, association of their onset to movements, as well as the data of instrumental assessments, the diagnosis of paroxysmal kinesi-genic dyskinesia was made. Treatment with carbamazepine was successful with complete control over hyperkinesis.The diagnosis of paroxysmal dyskinesias remains based on the analysis of clinical picture and the trigger type. Molecular genetic diagnostics, with consideration of the most frequent causal mutations related to these conditions, can minimize both time and financial costs.

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: In Japan, epidemiological studies on type 1 diabetes (T1D) have mainly focused on the disease in childhood. Meanwhile, limited information is available regarding the clinical features of adolescent and adult T1D. Therefore, we aimed to investigate their current clinical state in Saitama prefecture near Tokyo, Japan. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, hospital-based, multicenter study. Eight institutions participated in the study, all of which treated relatively large numbers of T1D patients. We identified 1241 T1D patients aged 16 or over: 814 with acute-onset T1D (AT1D), 362 with slowly progressive insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (SPIDDM), and 65 with fulminant T1D (FT1D). Based on the patient's medical records, various clinical parameters and complications were investigated. Results: Of 1241 patients, 739 (59.5%) were females. Among all patients, the median age, onset age, and disease duration were 51, 38, and 13 years, respectively. The patients had a median BMI of 22.6 kg/m2, and 26.1% were obese, corroborating previous nationwide surveys. Moreover, the median HbA1c was 7.8%, similar to previous nationwide surveys. Among patients with AT1D, SPIDDM, and FT1D, 85.6%, 72.1%, and 81.5% carried out multiple daily insulin injection, respectively, while 10.3%, 2.2%, and 18.5% were subject to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. The proportions of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy were 26.3%, 20.8%, and 21.5%. Conclusions: The glycemic control in T1D patients in Saitama was equivalent to that observed in previous nationwide surveys. Moreover, approximately one-quarter of T1D patients had obesity. Future studies should address whether our findings reflect those throughout Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Veterinary Medicine & Pharmacology is the property of Innovation in Health Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nontyphoid Salmonella are gram-negative bacteria that induce Th1-mediated immunity. They rarely lead to a generalized infection, primarily developing in immunocompromised patients with cellular immunity defects. Septic pulmonary embolism is also a rare condition in which emboli contain microorganisms from extrapulmonary infective foci. The article presents a rare clinical case of a patient with pulmonary embolism and generalized nontyphoid salmonellosis due to the presence of Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile genetic polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene. Such a defect of cell-mediated immunity was a trigger for destructive changes in the lung parenchyma, prothrombotic state, and generalization of the infectious process.

The article presents the results of studying the effect of complex treatment of mining and metallurgical industry workers – pneumoconiosis in combination with COPD patients, using solutions of bronchodilators, antiinflammatory drugs, mucoregulators with nebulizer, complex vitamin B and hyperbaric oxygenation on clinical symptoms and indicators of spirometry in the system of measures targeted at the treatment and prevention of this occupational lung disease. The object and methods of research. Active treatment group consisted of 25 people who received comprehensive treatment of pneumoconiosis in combination with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Experimental group consisted of 29 workers with pneumoconiosis in combination with COPD, who underwent a course of traditional treatment with a short-acting bronchodilator as needed (dosed inhaler), a tablet form of mucoregulator (ambroxol hydrochloride), and B vitamins intramuscularly during 15 days. The average age of workers was 58.6 ± 2.4 years, work experience in adverse conditions 18.9 ± 0.8 years. Results of the research and their discussion. The obtained data indicate that the total indicator that characterizes dyspnea on the scale of the International Research Council (IRC, in scores) after treatment decreased by 36.8% (p