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Artificial Intelligence (AI), is a field of science and engineering that deals with intelligent behaviour which has the potential of improved access and the cost of healthcare applications.Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by a protracted menstrual cycle and frequent excess androgen levels, which often affect many women of reproductive age. There are now no trustworthy objective tests that might fully confirm the diagnosis and comprehension of PCOS. Effective image processing steps have been utilized in this work for the automation of PCOS diagnosis and the classification algorithms used are DarkNet-19, AlexNet, SqueezeNet, and SVM. As a result of the classifier's accelerated PCOS diagnosis and improved performance analysis, there will be fewer instances of potentially deadly consequences that can arise from a delayed diagnosis. The system produced metrics demonstrating improved performance, such as accuracy to provide a comprehensive ultrasound picture diagnosis using the classifier DarkNet-19 with 99%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Mining Magazine is the property of China Mining Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Aero Weaponry is the property of Aero Weaponry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The automated examination of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals holds significant importance within the medical field for managing various critical cardiac conditions. Identifying cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias is presently recognized as a challenging endeavor. While machine learning techniques have garnered substantial attention for categorizing these patterns, a predominant focus has been on the classification of arrhythmias. However, existing studies have overlooked instances where arrhythmia leads to cardiomyopathy, a specific cardiac disease scenario. In our research, we introduce an innovative method aimed at distinguishing between cardiomyopathy and cardiomyopathy accompanied by arrhythmia by employing a convolutional neural network (CNN-based) model. This novel approach fills the gap in existing literature by addressing the critical need to classify cases where arrhythmia induces cardiomyopathy, thereby presenting a potential advancement in accurately identifying and managing complex cardiac conditions. The proposed model uses convolution-based CNN model for feature extraction and combines these features with temporal features. Further, a CNN combined long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) model is presented for classification where CNN models help to obtain the spatial information and LSTM helps to retain the temporal information resulting in improved classification accuracy. the experimental analysis is carried out into two phases where we have classified the rhythms and arrhythmias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrafast, high-intensity X-ray free-electron lasers can perform diffraction imaging of single protein molecules. Various algorithms have been developed to determine the orientation of each single-particle diffraction pattern and reconstruct the 3D diffraction intensity. Most of these algorithms rely on the premise that all diffraction patterns originate from identical protein molecules. However, in actual experiments, diffraction patterns from multiple different molecules may be collected simultaneously. Here, we propose a predicted model-aided one-step classification–multireconstruction algorithm that can handle mixed diffraction patterns from various molecules. The algorithm uses predicted structures of different protein molecules as templates to classify diffraction patterns based on correlation coefficients and determines orientations using a correlation maximization method. Tests on simulated data demonstrated high accuracy and efficiency in classification and reconstruction.

Behavioral reasoning of communication radiation sources refers to inferring their behavioral patterns and target intentions through observing and analyzing the signals emitted by communication radiation sources. Especially under non-cooperative conditions, the reasoning behind the behavior of communication radiation sources plays an essential role in the fields of electronic reconnaissance and signal intelligence. This article first clarifies and summarizes the definition and classification of the behavior of communication radiation sources. It then elucidates the meaning of behavioral reasoning of communication radiation sources and further distinguishes the differences and connections between behavioral analysis and behavioral recognition. Subsequently, it reviews the key technologies of behavioral reasoning for communication radiation sources and compares the latest research based on clustering algorithms, classification algorithms, deep learning, and behavioral characteristics. Finally, it analyzes and forecasts the challenges and development of the technology for behavioral reasoning of communication radiation sources.

Efficient human resource management (HRM) is essential for company achievement in today's fast-paced corporate world. Businesses must find effective ways to retrieve and categorise the ever-growing amount of HR-related knowledge. This work presents a new method for retrieving and classifying HRM data using machine learning. Modern natural language processing (NLP) and CNN methods are used by the algorithm we developed to handle unorganized human resources (HR) information, including worker records, job postings, and certificates. HR decision-making is facilitated by the system's ability to derive insightful information from the information using sophisticated text mining and machine learning algorithms. The two main parts of the method are classification and data extraction. HR workers can more easily obtain the required knowledge thanks to information retrieval, which makes it possible to search HR data quickly and accurately. Contrarily, categorisation optimises the division of human resources information into pertinent classifications, including job positions, competencies, and achievement grades. We assess our algorithm's effectiveness on various datasets from actual HR datasets. The outcomes show how well our strategy works to streamline HRM procedures, cut down on manual labour, and increase the precision of decisions. Furthermore, our technology is compatible with corporate human resources offices and educational settings because it complies with worldwide university requirements. This study belongs to the growing body of knowledge in HRM. It provides a useful tool for businesses looking to improve employee relations, simplify HR procedures, and attract and retain talent. The suggested method is a valuable resource for academics and businesses alike because of its versatility and compliance with global educational norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Feature selection (FS) plays a crucial role in software fault prediction (SFP), aiming to identify a subset of relevant and discriminative features from a large pool of software metrics. It serves as a critical preprocessing step in building accurate fault prediction models, enabling the identification of potential software faults early in the development life cycle and facilitating effective resource allocation for testing and maintenance activities. The study's objective is to determine how well the bat optimization algorithm (BOA) can extract the features that are most important for correctly predicting software flaws, improve the accuracy of fault prediction, reduce the dimensionality of the feature space, and mitigate the risk of overfitting, thereby enabling more effective resource utilization and better allocation of testing efforts. The forecasting models underwent testing and training utilizing a collection of software metrics, with the datasets undergoing evaluation using several different FS algorithms. An assessment was conducted by contrasting the effectiveness of multiple optimization algorithms, including evolutionary methods such as FS employing genetic algorithm (FSGA), FS employing differential evolution (FSDE), and swarm-based techniques such as FS employing ant colony optimization (FSACO), FS employing particle swarm optimization (FSPSO), FS employing firefly algorithm (FSFA), and FS employing binary grey wolf optimization algorithm (FSBGWO) in relation to FS employing bat optimization algorithm (FSBAO). The results obtained from FSBAO approach demonstrate the effectiveness in solving FS optimization problems with at most accuracy of 98.92%. Furthermore, the experimental results have been statistically validated for the greater efficiency of the proposed FSBAO algorithm. This study's findings have crucial implications for developing a software failure prediction models that is more accurate and efficient.

Background There is no doubt that vaccination is crucial for preventing the spread of diseases; however, not every vaccine is perfect or will work for everyone. The main objective of this work is to predict which vaccine will be most effective for a candidate without causing severe adverse reactions and to categorize a patient as potentially at high risk of death from the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods A comprehensive analysis was conducted using a dataset on COVID-19 vaccine adverse reactions, exploring binary and multiclass classification scenarios. Ensemble models, including Random Forest, Decision Tree, Light Gradient Boosting, and extreme gradient boosting algorithm, were utilized to achieve accurate predictions. Class balancing techniques like SMOTE, TOMEK_LINK, and SMOTETOMEK were incorporated to enhance model performance. Results The study revealed that pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, history of allergies, prior vaccinations, other medications, age, and gender were crucial factors associated with poor outcomes. Moreover, using medical history, the ensemble learning classifiers achieved accuracy scores ranging from 75% to 87% in predicting the vaccine type and mortality possibility. The Random Forest model emerged as the best prediction model, while the implementation of the SMOTE and SMOTETOMEK methods generally improved model performance. Conclusion The random forest model emerges as the top recommendation for machine learning tasks that require high accuracy and resilience. Moreover, the findings highlight the critical role of medical history in optimizing vaccine outcomes and minimizing adverse reactions.

Feature selection (FS) plays a crucial role in software fault prediction (SFP), aiming to identify a subset of relevant and discriminative features from a large pool of software metrics. It serves as a critical preprocessing step in building accurate fault prediction models, enabling the identification of potential software faults early in the development life cycle and facilitating effective resource allocation for testing and maintenance activities. The study's objective is to determine how well the bat optimization algorithm (BOA) can extract the features that are most important for correctly predicting software flaws, improve the accuracy of fault prediction, reduce the dimensionality of the feature space, and mitigate the risk of overfitting, thereby enabling more effective resource utilization and better allocation of testing efforts. The forecasting models underwent testing and training utilizing a collection of software metrics, with the datasets undergoing evaluation using several different FS algorithms. An assessment was conducted by contrasting the effectiveness of multiple optimization algorithms, including evolutionary methods such as FS employing genetic algorithm (FSGA), FS employing differential evolution (FSDE), and swarm-based techniques such as FS employing ant colony optimization (FSACO), FS employing particle swarm optimization (FSPSO), FS employing firefly algorithm (FSFA), and FS employing binary grey wolf optimization algorithm (FSBGWO) in relation to FS employing bat optimization algorithm (FSBAO). The results obtained from FSBAO approach demonstrate the effectiveness in solving FS optimization problems with at most accuracy of 98.92%. Furthermore, the experimental results have been statistically validated for the greater efficiency of the proposed FSBAO algorithm. This study's findings have crucial implications for developing a software failure prediction models that is more accurate and efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a robust fault detection methodology for complex analog CMOS integrated filters is presented. It is based on combining the two types of testing methodologies, Oscillation-Based Testing (OBT) and IDDQ testing, i.e., measuring of the power-supply current ( I D D ). The proposed methodology is applied to the Bi-quad Sallen–Key band-pass (BP) filter cell with relatively complex, two-stage, class-AB-output, operational amplifier (opamp) topology. The filter is custom designed targeting the 180-nm CMOS technology. Hundreds of time-domain simulations and analyses of the circuit output signal are performed in order to obtain the fault dictionary. The presented results show that the proposed hybrid OBT–IDDQ methodology is significantly more efficient in the defects coverage than any of the particular test methodologies alone. Subsequently, the specific algorithm for the defects classification is proposed. Based on the classification, certain degree of diagnosis of the individual defect, or a group of defects, can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of machine learning algorithms in healthcare can amplify social injustices and health inequities. While the exacerbation of biases can occur and be compounded during problem selection, data collection, and outcome definition, this research pertains to the generalizability impediments that occur during the development and post-deployment of machine learning classification algorithms. Using the Framingham coronary heart disease data as a case study, we show how to effectively select a probability cutoff to convert a regression model for a dichotomous variable into a classifier. We then compare the sampling distribution of the predictive performance of eight machine learning classification algorithms under four stratified training/testing scenarios to test their generalizability and their potential to perpetuate biases. We show that both extreme gradient boosting and support vector machine are flawed when trained on an unbalanced dataset. We then show that the double discriminant scoring of type 1 and 2 is the most generalizable with respect to the true positive and negative rates, respectively, as it consistently outperforms the other classification algorithms, regardless of the training/testing scenario. Finally, we introduce a methodology to extract an optimal variable hierarchy for a classification algorithm and illustrate it on the overall, male and female Framingham coronary heart disease data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background There is no doubt that vaccination is crucial for preventing the spread of diseases; however, not every vaccine is perfect or will work for everyone. The main objective of this work is to predict which vaccine will be most effective for a candidate without causing severe adverse reactions and to categorize a patient as potentially at high risk of death from the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods A comprehensive analysis was conducted using a dataset on COVID-19 vaccine adverse reactions, exploring binary and multiclass classification scenarios. Ensemble models, including Random Forest, Decision Tree, Light Gradient Boosting, and extreme gradient boosting algorithm, were utilized to achieve accurate predictions. Class balancing techniques like SMOTE, TOMEK_LINK, and SMOTETOMEK were incorporated to enhance model performance. Results The study revealed that pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, history of allergies, prior vaccinations, other medications, age, and gender were crucial factors associated with poor outcomes. Moreover, using medical history, the ensemble learning classifiers achieved accuracy scores ranging from 75% to 87% in predicting the vaccine type and mortality possibility. The Random Forest model emerged as the best prediction model, while the implementation of the SMOTE and SMOTETOMEK methods generally improved model performance. Conclusion The random forest model emerges as the top recommendation for machine learning tasks that require high accuracy and resilience. Moreover, the findings highlight the critical role of medical history in optimizing vaccine outcomes and minimizing adverse reactions.

Conservation agriculture seeks to reduce environmental degradation through sustainable management of agricultural land. Since the 1990s, agricultural research has been conducted using remote sensing technologies; however, few previous reviews have been conducted focused on different conservation management practices. Most of the previous literature has focused on the application of remote sensing in agriculture without focusing exclusively on conservation practices, with some only providing a narrative review, others using biophysical remote sensing for quantitative estimates of the bio-geo-chemical-physical properties of soils and crops, and few others focused on single agricultural management practices. This paper used the preferred reporting items for systematic review (PRISMA) methodology to examine the last 30 years of thematic research, development, and trends associated with remote sensing technologies and methods applied to conservation agriculture research at various spatial and temporal scales. A set of predefined key concepts and keywords were applied in three databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. A total of 188 articles were compiled for initial examination, where 68 articles were selected for final analysis and grouped into cover crops, crop residue, crop rotation, mulching, and tillage practices. Publications on conservation agriculture research using remote sensing have been increasing since 1991 and peaked at 10 publications in 2020. Among the 68 articles, 94% used a pixel-based, while only 6% used an object-based classification method. Prior to 2005, tillage practices were abundantly studied, then crop residue was a focused theme between 2004 and 2012. From 2012 to 2020, the focus shifted again to cover crops. Ten spectral indices were used in 76% of the 68 studies. This examination offered a summary of the new potential and identifies crucial future research needs and directions that could improve the contribution of remote sensing to the provision of long-term operational services for various conservation agriculture applications.

We have maintained the customer grade system that is being implemented to customers with excellent performance through customer segmentation for years. Currently, financial institutions that operate the customer grade system provide similar services based on the score calculation criteria, but the score calculation criteria vary from the financial institution to financial institution. In this study, we create a machine learning prediction model using items and added items that are based on the current customer grade of our bank,- and the purpose is an optimal model that considers the adequacy of existing variables and the validity of additional variables through comparison between models. Using Lasso, Elastic net and Multinomial Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine, we propose that the best model be found and gradually applied to customer grade calculation criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is the second largest reason for death worldwide and it is a broad range of diseases brought on by the uncontrolled, abnormal cell proliferation. Breast cancer is a major cause of global mortality, with 16% of detected malignant lesions being breast cancer-related. Early detection can improve survival rates. However, there is a lack of comprehensive information on image creation and interpretation. This research uses ELDA, DNN, and GA to minimize data dimensionalities, to detect outliers, and to select features for accurate cancer diagnosis. GA is ideal for non-invasive tests. Finally, CNN-ESO is proposed, where CNN (Convolution Neural Networks) outputs are optimized using ESO (Egret Swarm Optimization) algorithm to ascertain, whether malignancy type as benign or malignant. The effectiveness of the suggested strategy has been evaluated using the breast cancer dataset. Before and after the outliers were removed, trials were run on a dataset of breast cancer cases. Findings show that the suggested strategy performs better and it is very accurate. The results of this breast cancer study will aid in the diagnosis of the disease and in the treatment of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In classification, it is generally assumed that data from one class consist of one pure compact data cluster. However, in many cases, this cluster might consist of multiple subclusters, in other words, within-class multimodality. In such a scenario, it may be difficult or even impossible for a single classifier to find a suitable model using limited data. So, training a model using smaller chunks of data is an alternative that helps avoid complex models and reduces the task's complexity. This paper proposes the subconcept Perturbation-based Classifier (sPerC) that finds the best clusters per class using cluster validation measures, and one meta-classifier is trained per subcluster. This way, each class is represented by a set of meta-classifiers instead of one classifier. Such a design diminishes the complexity of the task, and using a divide-to-conquer strategy favors the precision of each meta-classifier. Through a set of comprehensive experiments on 30 datasets, the sPerC results compared favorably to other classifiers in multi-class classification tasks, showing that creating specialized classifiers per class in different regions of the feature space can be advantageous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let e ≥ 2 and r ≥ 1 be integers, and let R e , r denote the Galois ring of characteristic 2 e and cardinality 2 er. The Teichm u ¨ ller set T r of the Galois ring R e , r can be viewed as the finite field of order 2 r under the addition operation ⊕ and the multiplication operation of R e , r , where for a , b ∈ T r , a ⊕ b is the unique element in T r satisfying a ⊕ b = (a + b) (mod 2). Now a linear code C of length n over T r is said to be k-doubly even if it has a k-dimensional linear subcode C 0 satisfying c · c ≡ 0 (mod 4) for all c ∈ C 0 , where each c ∈ C 0 is viewed as an element of R e , r n and · denotes the Euclidean bilinear form on R e , r n. A k-doubly even code of length n and dimension k over T r is simply called a doubly even code. In this paper, we count all doubly even codes over T r and their two special classes, viz. the codes containing the all-one vector and the codes that do not contain the all-one vector by studying the geometry of a certain special quadratic space over T r. We further provide a recursive method to construct self-orthogonal and self-dual codes of the type { k 1 , k 2 , ... , k e } and length n over R e , r from a (k 1 + k 2 + ⋯ + k e 2 ) -doubly even self-orthogonal code of the same length n and dimension over T r , where n is a positive integer and k 1 , k 2 , ... , k e are non-negative integers satisfying 2 k 1 + 2 k 2 + ⋯ + 2 k e - i + 1 + k e - i + 2 + k e - i + 3 + ⋯ + k i ≤ n for , (here · denotes the floor function and denotes the ceiling function). With the help of this recursive construction method and the enumeration formulae for doubly even codes over T r and their two special classes, we obtain explicit enumeration formulae for all self-orthogonal and self-dual codes of an arbitrary length over R e , r. Using these enumeration formulae, we classify all self-orthogonal and self-dual codes of lengths 2, 3 and 4 over R 2 , 2 up to monomial equivalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image registration involves superimposing images (two or more) of similar background obtained at various periods of time, at different angles, and/or with various detectors. Geometrical alignment of two scans, reference image as well as capture image. The current dissimilarity between images is because of distinct image conditions. Image registration is difficult step in image analysis works on change detection, image fusion as well as multi-channel images recovery to obtain concluded data from integration of different sources. In this analysis image registration using hybrid random forest (RF) and deep regression network algorithm for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications is implemented. The Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) database provided by the dataset utilised in this implementation. From results it can observe that compared with individual random of forest, Hybrid RF and deep regression network algorithm improves the accuracy, precision and F1-score in effective way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated prediction of students' retention and graduation in education using advanced analytical methods such as artificial intelligence (AI), has recently attracted the attention of educators, both in theory and in practice. Whereas invaluable insights and theories for measuring and testing the topic have been proposed, most of the existing methods do not technically highlight the non-trivial factors behind the renowned challenges and attrition. To this effect, by making use of two categories of data collected in a higher education setting about students (i) retention (n = 52262) and (ii) graduation (n = 53639); this study proposes a machine learning model - RG-DMML (retention and graduation data mining and machine learning) and ensemble algorithm for prediction of students' retention and graduation status in education. This was done by training and testing key features that are technically deemed suitable for measuring the constructs (retention and graduation), such as (i) the Average grade of the previous high school, and (ii) the Entry/admission score. The proposed model (RG-DMML) is designed based on the cross industry standard process for data mining (CRISP-DM) methodology, implemented using supervised machine learning technique such as K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and validated using the k-fold cross-validation method. The results show that the executed model and algorithm based on the Bagging method and 10-fold cross-validation are efficient and effective for predicting the student's retention and graduation status, with Precision (retention = 0.909, graduation = 0.822), Recall (retention = 1.000, graduation = 0.957), Accuracy (retention = 0.909, graduation = 0.817), F1-Score (retention = 0.952, graduation = 0.885) showing significant high accuracy levels or performance rate, and low Error-rate (retention = 0.090, graduation = 0.182), respectively. In addition, by considering the individual features selected through the Wrapper method in predicting the outputs, the proposed model proved more effective for predicting the students' retention status in comparison to the graduation data. The implications of the models' output and factors that impact the effective prediction or identification of at-risk students, e.g., for timely intervention, counselling, decision-making, and sustainable educational practice are empirically discussed in the study.

The classification of categorical data is a fundamental task in machine learning, with numerous algorithms and techniques available. However, existing approaches often face challenges related to interpretability, scalability, and handling sparse or imbalanced datasets. This study presents an optimized version of the Count-Based Classifier, a novel approach that leverages the simplicity of counting occurrences to perform classification on categorical data. The optimized algorithm addresses the limitations of the original Count-Based Classifier, improving its computational efficiency, robustness, and overall performance. Through a comprehensive evaluation across 21 diverse categorical datasets, the Optimized Count-Based Classifier demonstrates competitive performance, consistently matching or surpassing established classifiers such as Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines, etc. The classifier’s inherent interpretability, stemming from its reliance on counting operations, is a valuable asset, particularly in domains where transparency and explainability are crucial. Furthermore, the study explores the classifier’s characteristics, including its tendency for overfitting, result consistency, and robustness against label errors. Experimental analyses reveal a low propensity for overfitting, high result consistency, and remarkable resilience to mislabeled data, further solidifying the classifier’s practical applicability. The Optimized Count-Based Classifier has been implemented in Python and deployed as a user-friendly package, fostering accessibility and adoption within the machine learning community. By addressing the limitations of traditional approaches and offering a simple yet effective solution, this work contributes to the advancement of count-based classification techniques and their application in real-world scenarios.

The rapid development of modern urban public transportation and people’s demand for efficient transportation have made intelligent management of urban public transportation networks a hot research field. In view of this, a composite complex traffic network node classification algorithm model is established based on the shell decomposition algorithm combined with a cascading failure model. The final research findings denote that the classification refinement level of the comprehensive shell decomposition value is about 50% higher than that of the WK-shell decomposition value. The comprehensive shell decomposition algorithm, which integrates global and local influence factors, can almost achieve one shell decomposition value per node in classification. The number of layers with nodes below 30 in the actual transportation network dataset test accounts for about 98% of the total number under the improved comprehensive shell decomposition algorithm, and roughly 50% under the composite shell decomposition algorithm, indicating that the accuracy of the former algorithm is higher. When the relationship ratio in robustness testing is 1:1:1, the average comprehensive shell decomposition value is at a higher position, which is about 3% higher than the WK-shell decomposition value and about 5% higher than the traditional shell decomposition value. In addition, when the proportions are 5:1:1, 1:5:1, and 1:1:5, the failure points tested under the comprehensive shell decomposition value are still the most, indicating that the comprehensive shell decomposition value considers more factors, is more cautious, and is closer to the actual situation. Through experimental data, the proposed composite complex traffic network node classification algorithm model, which integrates improved shell decomposition algorithm and cascading failure model, has certain practicality and feasibility.

Background: Recently, crowding in emergency departments (EDs) has become a recognised critical factor impacting global public healthcare, resulting from both the rising supply/demand mismatch in medical services and the paucity of hospital beds available in inpatients units and EDs. The length of stay in the ED (ED-LOS) has been found to be a significant indicator of ED bottlenecks. The time a patient spends in the ED is quantified by measuring the ED-LOS, which can be influenced by inefficient care processes and results in increased mortality and health expenditure. Therefore, it is critical to understand the major factors influencing the ED-LOS through forecasting tools enabling early improvements. Methods: The purpose of this work is to use a limited set of features impacting ED-LOS, both related to patient characteristics and to ED workflow, to predict it. Different factors were chosen (age, gender, triage level, time of admission, arrival mode) and analysed. Then, machine learning (ML) algorithms were employed to foresee ED-LOS. ML procedures were implemented taking into consideration a dataset of patients obtained from the ED database of the "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona" University Hospital (Salerno, Italy) from the period 2014--2019. Results: For the years considered, 496,172 admissions were evaluated and 143,641 of them (28.9%) revealed a prolonged ED-LOS. Considering the complete data (48.1% female vs. 51.9% male), 51.7% patients with prolonged ED-LOS were male and 47.3% were female. Regarding the age groups, the patients that were most affected by prolonged ED-LOS were over 64 years. The evaluation metrics of Random Forest algorithm proved to be the best; indeed, it achieved the highest accuracy (74.8%), precision (72.8%), and recall (74.8%) in predicting ED-LOS. Conclusions: Different variables, referring to patients' personal and clinical attributes and to the ED process, have a direct impact on the value of EDLOS. The suggested prediction model has encouraging results; thus, it may be applied to anticipate and manage ED-LOS, preventing crowding and optimising effectiveness and efficiency of the ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obtaining and storing large amounts of data have become easier with the rapidly developing information technologies (IT). However, the data generated and collected, which are irrelevant in and of themselves, become useful only when they are analyzed for a specific reason. Data mining may transform raw data into useful information. In the present study, classification and analysis of denim fabric quality characteristics according to denim fabric production parameters were carried out. The present study proposes a new classification rule inference algorithm. The suggested approach is mostly based on Artificial Bee Colony Optimization (ABC), a swarm intelligence meta-heuristic. In each step of the algorithm, there are two phases called the employed bee phase and the onlooker bee phase. This algorithm has been compared with the classification algorithms in the related literature. This proposed algorithm is a new data mining tool that intelligently combines various metaheuristic and neural networks and can generate classification rules. The results indicate that the proposed data mining algorithms may be highly useful in determining weight and width in denim fabric manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of regional economy and society does not match the development of traffic demand, which provides market opportunities for illegal taxi operation. ETC(Electronic Toll Collection) data of urban expressways can effectively check illegal taxi operation on expressways, so as to optimize operation order and improve management level. This study extracts the effective fields of ETC data, uses the random forest algorithm to establish the illegal taxi operation recognition classifier, adds the classifiers of the CART(Classification and Regression Tree) classification tree model and the binary logistic regression model to conduct performance comparison, and makes an empirical analysis with the ETC index data of a highway in a southwest city from February 6, 2022 to March 8, 2022. The results show that performance the random forest model classifier is better than that of the CART classification tree model classifier and the binary logistic regression model classifier, and its accuracy score of the proposed model is 98.75%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing use of the Internet and its coverage of all areas of life and the increasing amount of sensitive and confidential information on the Internet, the number of malicious attacks on that information has increased with the aim of destroying, changing, or misusing it. Consequently, the need to discover and prevent these kinds of attacks has increased in order to maintain privacy, reliability, and even availability. For this purpose, intelligent systems have been developed to detect these attacks, which are called Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems were tested and applied to special benchmark datasets that contain a large number of features and a massive number of observations. However, not all the features are important, and some are not relevant. Therefore, applying feature selection techniques becomes crucial, which select the features with the most importance and relevance in order to enhance the performance of the classification model. The aim of this review paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of various state-of-the-art IDS that use algorithm classifications to detect network attacks with the cooperation of feature selection techniques that have been applied to various well-known IDS datasets, such as KDD cup99, NSL-KDD, etc. This comparison is based on several factors, including the utilized classification technique, feature selection used, employed evaluation metrics, datasets used, and finally the highest accuracy rate obtained by each study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiming at the problem of difficult fault diagnosis work caused by the difficulty of data acquisition of the bearing in the traction part of a coal mining machine, a method of ADAMS simulation and HHT feature extraction of the bearing fault of a coal mining machine is proposed. First of all, take the traction section bearing as the research object, use the virtual prototype in the establishment of the healthy state of coal mining machine traction section model based on the establishment of the bearing inner ring fault, rolling body fault, outer ring fault of the coal mining machine traction section dynamics model, and then after the EMD decomposition, each IMF component of the Hilbert transform, to obtain the signal in the time-frequency plane of the time-frequency joint characteristics, to get the HHT marginal spectra and to different Under different working conditions, the bearing vibration signal features are mined by quantitative feature extraction. Finally, a variety of mainstream machine learning algorithms are introduced to classify the features, and the results show that the feature extraction method in this paper is universal and provides valuable theoretical support and technical guidance for the field application of coal mining machine-bearing fault diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional geological stratification methods usually rely on manual interpretation and empirical judgment, which have shortcomings such as cumbersome processes, heavy workload, and large impact from human factors. This paper aims to study the ideas and methods of regional engineering geological stratification based on machine learning, and convert the stratigraphic stratification problem into a sequence-to-sequence prediction task of geological body spatial units and a geological attribute feature classification task, so as to improve the accuracy of geological stratification. and efficiency. Based on in-depth research on the original data of engineering geology, this paper proposes to use deep learning methods to train and predict geological stratification of static cone test data, and use classification algorithms to stratify borrow hole soil samples and quantify them. The applicability of the relevant algorithms was evaluated. By comparing the results of traditional methods and machine learning methods, the advantages of machine learning in geological stratification are verified. This study provides a new geological layering idea for regional engineering geology research, which has important practical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-view learning methods have achieved remarkable results in 3D shape recognition. However, most of them focus on the visual feature extraction and feature aggregation, while viewpoints (spatial positions of virtual cameras) for generating multiple views are often ignored. In this paper, we deeply explore the correlation between viewpoints and shape descriptor, and propose a novel viewpoint-guided prototype learning network (VGP-Net). We introduce a prototype representation for each class, including viewpoint prototype and feature prototype. The viewpoint prototype is the average weight of each viewpoint learned from a small support set via Score Unit, and stored in a weight dictionary. Our VGP model self-adaptively learns the view-wise weights by dynamically assembling with the viewpoint prototypes in weight dictionary and performing element-wise operation via view pooling layer. Under the guidance of viewpoint prototype, important visual features are enhanced, while those negligible features are eliminated. These refined features are effectively fused to generate compact shape descriptor. All the shape descriptors are clustered in feature embedding space, and the cluster center represents the feature prototype of each class. The classification thus can be performed by searching the nearest distance to feature prototypes. To boost the learning process, we further present a multi-stream regularization mechanism in both feature space and viewpoint space. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our VGP-Net is efficient, and the learned deep features have stronger discrimination ability. Therefore, it can achieve better performance compared to state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last decade, variable‐selection‐based (VS) control charts have gained much popularity for process monitoring and diagnosis. These charts have been proven efficient for the detection of sparse mean shifts in high‐dimensional processes. VS charts usually assume that in‐control (IC) data are the only information used to determine the control limits. In modern industrial processes, however, out‐of‐control (OC) data can be easily collected. Detecting a specific shift in a data‐rich environment without utilizing OC data information will limit the development of a process monitoring scheme. In this paper, a novel variable selection control chart that is combined with a classification algorithm is proposed, which is expected to benefit from both the classification and variable selection approaches. In contrast to alternative charts, the proposed sensitized variable selection chart can capture the potential shifted variables using both IC and OC information, which can improve the sensitivity of the chart in a specific direction. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the proposed chart outperforms the alternatives in a data‐rich and high‐dimensional environment. A real‐life example of cellular localization is also included to support the findings of our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The class imbalance of samples of network traffic will cause the poor classification performance of intrusion detection models based on machine learning. To solve this problem, this paper researches sampling algorithm and deep learning for intrusion detection in imbalanced network traffic. This paper proposes a deep recurrent neural network (delayed long short-term memory (DLSTM)) intrusion detection model based on the balanced samples. First, an improved hybrid sampling (IHS) method based on chaotic particle swarm optimization (CPSO) algorithm is proposed as the sampling algorithm to balance the imbalanced samples. Next, a DLSTM with long short-term memory (LSTM) function is proposed to realize high-precision classification of intrusion behaviours. Finally, the method is validated on the standard network traffic dataset. The experimental results show that the DLSTM intrusion detection model based on the IHS method outperforms other comparative models at accuracy. The model is available to the computer network information security defence system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When using machine-learning techniques to determine algorithms or ranking models that identify student satisfaction, algorithms are often trained and tested on a single data set, leading to bias in their performance metrics. This article aims to identify the best algorithm to classify the satisfaction of university students applying the K-fold cross-validation technique, comparing the error rates of the performance metrics before and after its application. The method used began with the collection of student opinions on the teaching performance of the social network Twitter during an academic semester. Then, sentiment analysis was used for data processing, through which it was possible to categorize the opinions of the students into "satisfied" or "dissatisfied." The results showed that the algorithm with the lowest error rate in its performance metric was the support vector machine (SVM). In addition, it was identified that its classification probability reached an accuracy of 91.76%. It is concluded that SVM classification using K-fold cross-validation will contribute to determining which factors associated with the teacher's didactic strategies should be improved in each class session, since traditional surveying techniques have shortcomings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we formulate and estimate a flexible model of job mobility and wages with two‐sided heterogeneity. The analysis extends the finite mixture approach of Bonhomme, Lamadon, and Manresa (2019) and Abowd, McKinney, and Schmutte (2019) to develop a new Classification Expectation‐Maximization algorithm that ensures both worker and firm latent‐type identification using wage and mobility variations in the data. Workers receive job offers in worker‐type segmented labor markets. Offers are accepted according to a logit form that compares the value of the current job with that of the new job. In combination with flexibly estimated layoff and job finding rates, the analysis quantifies the four different sources of sorting: job preferences, segmentation, layoffs, and job finding. Job preferences are identified through job‐to‐job moves in a revealed preference argument. They are in the model structurally independent of the identified job wages, possibly as a reflection of the presence of amenities. We find evidence of a strong pecuniary motive in job preferences. While the correlation between preferences and current job wages is positive, the net present value of the future earnings stream given the current job correlates much more strongly with preferences for it. This is more so for short‐ than long‐tenure workers. In the analysis, we distinguish between type sorting and wage sorting. Type sorting is quantified by means of the mutual information index. Wage sorting is captured through correlation between identified wage types. While layoffs are less important than the other channels, we find all channels to contribute substantially to sorting. As workers age, job arrival processes are the key determinant of wage sorting, whereas the role of job preferences dictate type sorting. Over the life cycle, job preferences intensify, type sorting increases, and pecuniary considerations wane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background After the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of Vitamin D has become even more critical for people worldwide. The most accurate way to define vitamin D level is 25-hydroxy vitamin D(25-OH-D) blood test. However, this blood test is not always feasible. Most data sets used in health science research usually contain highly correlated features, which is referred to as multicollinearity problem. This problem can lead to misleading results and overfitting problems in the ML training process. Therefore, the proposed study aims to determine a clinically acceptable ML model for the detection of the vitamin D status of the North Cyprus adult participants accurately, without the need to determine 25-OH-D level, taking into account the multicollinearity problem. Method The study was conducted with 481 observations who applied voluntarily to Internal Medicine Department at NEU Hospital. The classification performance of four conventional supervised ML models, namely, Ordinal logistic regression(OLR), Elastic-net ordinal regression(ENOR), Support Vector Machine(SVM), and Random Forest (RF) was compared. The comparative analysis is performed regarding the model's sensitivity to the participant’s metabolic syndrome(MtS)'positive status, hyper-parameter tuning, sensitivities to the size of training data, and the classification performance of the models. Results Due to the presence of multicollinearity, the findings showed that the performance of the SVM(RBF) is obviously negatively affected when the test is examined. Moreover, it can be obviously detected that RF is more robust than other models when the variations in the size of training data are examined. This experiment's result showed that the selected RF and ENOR showed better performances than the other two models when the size of training samples was reduced. Since the multicollinearity is more severe in the small samples, it can be concluded that RF and ENOR are not affected by the presence of the multicollinearity problem. The comparative analysis revealed that the RF classifier performed better and was more robust than the other proposed models in terms of accuracy (0.94), specificity (0.96), sensitivity or recall (0.94), precision (0.95), F1-score (0.95), and Cohen's kappa (0.90). Conclusion It is evident that the RF achieved better than the SVM(RBF), ENOR, and OLR. These comparison findings will be applied to develop a Vitamin D level intelligent detection system for being used in routine clinical, biochemical tests, and lifestyle characteristics of individuals to decrease the cost and time of vitamin D level detection.

Social media has become an excellent way to discover people's thoughts about various topics and situations. In recent years, many studies have focused on social media during crises, including natural disasters or wars caused by individuals. This study examines how people expressed their feelings on Twitter during the Russian aggression on Ukraine. This study met two goals: the collected data was unique, and it used Machine Learning (ML) to classify the tweets based on their effect on people's feelings. The first goal was to find the most relevant hashtags about aggression to locate the data set. The second goal was to use several well-known ML models to organize the tweets into groups. The experimental results have shown that most of the performed ML classifiers have higher accuracy with a balanced dataset. However, the findings of the demonstrated experiments using data balancing strategies would not necessarily indicate that all classes would perform better. Therefore, it is essential to highlight the importance of comparing and contrasting the data balancing strategies employed in Sentiment Analysis (SA) and ML studies, including more classifiers and a more comprehensive range of use cases. [JJCIT 2023; 9(3.000): 189-206]