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Objective: Analysis of the dynamics of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the results of various types of carotid endarterectomy (СЕЕ) (classical with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch, eversion, formation of a new bifurcation, autoarterial reconstruction, glomus-saving techniques) in patients with resistant arterial hypertension (RAH). Materials and methods: The actual cohort, comparative, retrospective, open research for the period from January 2013 to December 2021 includes 1577 patients with significant hemodynamic stenosis of the internal carotid artery Depending on revascularization strategy five groups were formed: Group 1: 18.3% (n = 289) – classical Carotid endarterectomy with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch (from diepoxy-treated xenopericardium or synthetic); Group 2: 29.9% (n = 472) – eversional CEE with cut-off of carotid gloomus (CG); Group 3: 6.9% (n = 109) – the formation of a new bifurcation; Group 4: 7.4% (n = 117) - autoarterial reconstruction; Group 5: 37.4% (n = 590) – glomus-saving CEE (1 technique – according to A. N. Kazantsev; two technicians – according to R.A. Vinogradov; three technicians – according to K.A.Antsupov). According to the 24-h blood pressure monitor in the preoperative period, the following degrees of AH were identified: 1° – 5.7% (n = 89); 2° – 64.2% (n = 1013); and 3° – 30.1% (n = 475). Results: In the postoperative period, no significant differences were obtained in the frequency of deaths, myocardial infarction, stroke, hemorrhagic transformation. However, according to the frequency of the combined endpoint (death + myocardial infarction + ischemic stroke + hemorrhagic transformation), the lowest rates were observed in the group of classical carotid endarterectomy with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch and glomus-sparing CEE (group 1: 1.03% (n = 3); group 2: 3.6% (n = 17); group 3: 3.67% (n = 4); group 4: 2.56% (n = 3); group 5: 0.5% (n = 3); p = 0.10). This is due to the absence of cases of labile AH and hypertensive crises among patients of groups 1 and 5, which was ensured by the preservation of carotid glomus (CG). As a result, the number of patients with 2 and 3 degrees of hypertension in these groups decreased statistically significantly. The vast majority of patients after these operations achieved a stable target SBP. In groups 2, 3, and 4, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of patients with 2 and 3 degrees of AH, which is associated with excision of the CG Conclusion: Classical CEE and glomus-sparing CEE techniques make it possible to achieve a stable target SBP level in patients with RAH as a result of CG preservation. Removal or traumatization of the latter during eversional CEE, the formation of a new bifurcation, autoarterial reconstruction is accompanied by the development of labile hypertension, an increase in the degree of hypertension and a high risk of hemorrhagic transformation in the brain. Thus, the most effective and safe types of CEE in the presence of RAH are classical CEE with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch and glomus-sparing CEE, accompanied by the lowest incidence of adverse cardiovascular events caused by postoperative hypertensive crisis and hyperperfusion syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The present multicenter retrospective study included 7148 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) between 2010 and 2021. Based on the results of angiography (AG)/multislice computed tomography (MSCT) angiography, 3 types of carotid bifurcation were identified depending on the projection of the carotid sinus to the cervical vertebrae: type I (high)—from the upper edge of the body of the II cervical vertebra to the lower edge of intervertebral disc located between III and IV cervical vertebrae; type II (medium)—from the upper edge of the body of the IV cervical vertebra to the lower edge of the body of the V cervical vertebra; and type III (low)—from the upper edge of the intervertebral disc located between the V and VI cervical vertebrae to the lower edge of the body of the VII cervical vertebra. Purpose of the study To develop a new classification of the types (high, medium, low) of carotid bifurcations (based on the level of cervical vertebrae) with analysis of the results of CEA depending on the type. Results The largest number of ischemic strokes (n = 15; 1.1%; p = 0.0001) was found in type I (high) bifurcation of the carotid artery. The majority of bleedings of type 3b and higher according to the BARC scale with the formation of acute hematomas in the intervention area (n = 14; 1.2%; p = 0.0029) were recorded in type III carotid bifurcation (low). Conclusions Type II (medium) carotid bifurcation may be the most preferred for CEA.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the role of a temporary carotid shunt in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective, multicentric (n = 159) study carried out between January 2005 and October 2020. The study included 3114 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy who had a reduced retrograde internal carotid artery pressure (<60% of systolic blood pressure). A temporary carotid shunt was used in 1328 patients and 1786 patients underwent carotid endarterectomy without a shunt. Results: The in-hospital outcomes were comparable in terms of the incidence of deaths, myocardial infarctions, and stroke between the two groups. However, asymptomatic strokes (confirmed on computed tomography) occurred more frequently in the group where the temporary shunt was used (34 (2.5%) vs. 10 (0.55%), p < 0.0001). The composite endpoints of adverse events were also higher in the group where a temporary shunt was used (44 (3.3%) vs. 28 (1.5%), p = 0.002). The risk of symptomatic stroke (both fatal and non-fatal) was higher in the group where a temporary shunt was not used, though this was statistically not significant. Logistic regression analysis identified diabetes mellitus and stenosis (81–90%) of the contralateral internal carotid artery to be important predictors for stroke. Conclusion: Temporary carotid shunts during carotid endarterectomy were associated with increased rates of asymptomatic stroke. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of non-fatal or fatal stroke, myocardial infarction, and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present multicenter retrospective study included 7148 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) between 2010 and 2021. Based on the results of angiography (AG)/multislice computed tomography (MSCT) angiography, 3 types of carotid bifurcation were identified depending on the projection of the carotid sinus to the cervical vertebrae: type I (high)—from the upper edge of the body of the II cervical vertebra to the lower edge of intervertebral disc located between III and IV cervical vertebrae; type II (medium)—from the upper edge of the body of the IV cervical vertebra to the lower edge of the body of the V cervical vertebra; and type III (low)—from the upper edge of the intervertebral disc located between the V and VI cervical vertebrae to the lower edge of the body of the VII cervical vertebra. Purpose of the study: To develop a new classification of the types (high, medium, low) of carotid bifurcations (based on the level of cervical vertebrae) with analysis of the results of CEA depending on the type. Results: The largest number of ischemic strokes (n = 15; 1.1%; p = 0.0001) was found in type I (high) bifurcation of the carotid artery. The majority of bleedings of type 3b and higher according to the BARC scale with the formation of acute hematomas in the intervention area (n = 14; 1.2%; p = 0.0029) were recorded in type III carotid bifurcation (low). Conclusions: Type II (medium) carotid bifurcation may be the most preferred for CEA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the important markers for the development of adverse cardiovascular events after carotid endarterectomy (CEE). However, studies on this issue are based on small sample of patients and do not take into account the type of surgery as an additional factor of potentially negative impact on the course of the postoperative period.AIM: Analysis of hospital and long-term results of eversion and classical CEE with plastic surgery of the reconstruction zone with a biological patch in patients with type 2 diabetes and without it.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective study from January 2010 to December 2020. included 5731 patients. Depending on the presence / absence of type 2 diabetes and the type of implemented CEE, 4 groups were formed: group 1 — 12.2% (n = 702) — patients with type 2 diabetes and eversion CEE; Group 2 — 55.0% (n = 3153) patients without type 2 diabetes and eversion CEE; Group 3 — 8.5% (n = 484) patients with type 2 diabetes and classical CEE; Group 4 — 24.3% (n = 1392) patients without type 2 diabetes and classical CEE. The duration of postoperative follow-up was 78.6 ± 39.2 months.RESULTS: At the long-term follow-up stage, patients with type 2 diabetes after the classical surgical technique demonstrated the highest rates of all types of complications: death (p

Objective: to construct geometric models of carotid bifurcation and build a computer modeling for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) operations with patches of various configurations.Materials and methods. The method uses reconstructed models of a healthy blood vessel obtained from a preoperative computed tomography (CT) study of the affected blood vessel of a particular patient. Flow in the vessel is simulated by computational fluid dynamics using data from the patient's ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry and CT angiography. Risk factors are assessed by hemodynamic indices at the vessel wall associated with Wall Shear Stress (WSS).Results. We used the proposed method to study the hemodynamic results of 10 virtual CEA operations with patches of various shapes on a reconstructed healthy artery of a particular patient. The reason for patch implantation was to ensure that the vessel lumen is not narrowed as a result of the surgery, since closing the incision without a patch can reduce the vessel lumen circumference by 4–5 mm, which adversely affects blood flow. On the other hand, too wide a patch creates aneurysmorphic deformation of the internal carotid artery (ICA) mouth, which is not optimal due to formation of a large recirculation zone. In this case, it was found that the implanted patch width of about 3 mm provides an optimal hemodynamic outcome. Deviations from this median value, both upward and downward, impair hemodynamics. The absence of a patch gives the worst of the results considered.Conclusion: The proposed computer modeling technique is able to provide a personalized patch selection for classical CEA with low risk of restenosis in the long-term follow-up.

Aim of study. Analysis of the dynamics of resistant arterial hypertension (RAH) and the spectrum of adverse cardiovascular events in patients after classical carotid endarterectomy (CEE) with preservation of carotid body (CB) and eversion CEE with CB transection.Material and methods. This cohort, comparative, retrospective, open-label study from January 2014 to December 2020 included 761 patients with hemodynamically significant stenosis of the internal carotid arteries (ICA) and RH lasting more than 3 years. Depending on the implemented revascularization strategy, 2 groups were formed: Group 1: 38.0% (n=289) — classical CEE with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch (made of diepoxy-treated xenopericardium or synthetic); Group 2: 62% (n=472) — eversion CEE with CB transection. To study the dynamics of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the preoperative period for 4 days, and in the postoperative period, blood pressure was measured for 10 days (during the period when the patient was in intensive care - according to daily monitoring of blood pressure; in the department - 10 times per day, daily). The average SBP figures for all patients were taken into account when constructing a graph of BP fluctuations.Results. In the postoperative period, the groups were comparable in the frequency of the following events: death (group 1: 0.34% (n=1), group 2: 0.63% (n=3); p=0.98; OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.05–5.21), myocardial infarction (group 1: 0.34% (n=1), group 2: 0.84% (n=4); p=0.71; OR 0, 40; 95% CI 0.04–3.65), ischemic stroke (group 1: 0.34% (n=1), group 2: 1.27% (n=6); p=0.36; OR 0.26; 95% CI 0.03–2.25), hemorrhagic transformation (group 1: 0%, group 2: 0.84% (n=4); p=0.29; OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.009–3.35). However, in terms of the number of all complications (death + myocardial infarction + ischemic stroke + hemorrhagic transformation) presented as a combined endpoint, patients after eversion CEE with CB transection were three times superior to classical surgery (group 1: 1.03% (n=3 ), group 2: 3.60% (n=17); p=0.05; OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.08–0.9).Conclusion. The choice of a revascularization strategy in patients with hemodynamically significant ICA stenosis should be personalized and based on the conclusion of a multidisciplinary consultation, and not only on the preferences of the operating surgeon. In patients with RH, it is more expedient to use classical CEE with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch in view of the preservation of the CB during this operation. The intersection of the latter with eversion CEE provokes labile hypertension, progression of RAH and a statistically significant increase in the number of all unfavorable cardiovascular events. Thus, the use of carotid body preserving CEE in patients with RAH confirms the therapeutic mechanism of this manipulation in achieving the target SBP level.

This literature review covers the publications of Russian vascular surgeons in recent years and deals with debatable issues of carotid surgery, including: 1. What is the best technique for carotid endarterectomy (CEA)? 2. Why does restenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) develop and how to eliminate it? 3. How to operate on bilateral ICA stenosis? 4. Should carotid glomus be preserved? 5. Is CEA safe in the acute phase of cerebrovascular accident (CVA)? 6. Is CEA safe in elderly patients? 7. How to operate on patients with combined internal carotid and coronary artery involvement? The evidence presented in this publication makes it possible to draw the following conclusions: 1. When choosing a CEA technique, the classical technique with patch angioplasty should be avoided due to the high risk of ICA restenosis. 2. To eliminate ICA restenosis, carotid angioplasty with stenting (CAS) should be used. When performing primary CEA with ICA transposition over the hypoglossal nerve, reCEA can be used 3. In the absence of contraindications, bilateral ICA stenosis can be operated at the same time using CEA. 4. CEA with carotid glomus preservation is the operation of choice in the treatment of patients with hemodynamically significant ICA stenosis due to the elimination of the risks of postoperative hypertension and the formation of hemorrhagic transformation. 5. If there are indications for cerebral revascularization in the most acute period of stroke, CEA should be abandoned in favor of CAS. 6. In old age, CAS is the safest treatment strategy. 7. In the presence of a combined ICA and coronary involvement, the choice of treatment tactics should be carried out only by a multidisciplinary commission, taking into account the risk stratification of adverse cardiovascular events.

Objective: to analyze the in-hospital and long-term outcomes of classical carotid endarterectomy (CEE) in extended atherosclerotic lesions in comparison with the outcomes of this operation in local atherosclerotic plaque (AP). Materials and Methods. This study, which lasted from January 2010 to December 2020, included 148 patients with extended AP and hemodynamically significant internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. The term “extended” was understood as a hemodynamically significant lesion ≥ 5 cm long. These patients made up Group 1. Group 2 was formed over the same period of time from 632 patients with hemodynamically significant stenosis

AIM OF STUDY Study of hospital results of emergency carotid endarterectomy (CEE) and carotid angioplasty with stenting (CAS) in the acute period of acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA).MATERIAL AND METHODS From January 2008 to August 2020, the study included 615 patients with hemodynamically significant stenosis of the internal carotid arteries (ICA), operated on in the acute period of ischemic stroke (within 3 days from the onset of stroke). Depending on the type of revascularization implemented, all patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 — CAS (n=312); 2nd group — CEE (n=357). Inclusion criteria were as follows: 1. Mild neurological disorders: NIHSS score 3–8; Modified Rankin Scale score 2 of less; Barthel Scale > 61; 2. Indications for CEE / CAS according to the current national recommendations; 3. Ischemic focus in the brain not more than 2.5 cm in diameter. Exclusion criteria: 1. Presence of con-traindications to CEE / CAS. Carotid angioplasty with stenting was performed according to the standard technique; in all cases, distal embolism protection systems were used. Carot-id endarterectomy was performed according to the classical and eversion techniques. When the retrograde pressure in the ICA was less than 60% of the systemic pressure, a temporary shunt (TS) was installed. In the postoperative period, all patients underwent multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the brain. In the absence of negative dynam-ics in the neurological status, MSCT was performed on the 7th day after the operation, if available, it was performed urgently. The checkpoints were the development of such unfa-vorable cardiovascular events as death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke / transient is-chemic attack (TIA), “mute” stroke, “mute” hemorrhagic transformations, combinedend-point (death + all strokes / TIA + MI). Strokes were mute if diagnosed according to MSCT, without symptoms.RESULTS In 69% of diabetic patients with anterior myocardial infarction and in 63% of patients with posterolateral MI 12 months after PCI, signs of LV inferiority were revealed in the form of an increase in the indices of end-diastolic and systolic volumes of the LV and low ejection fraction (≤45%). In patients without diabetes, these figures were 18% and 31%, respectively. High concentrations of NT-proBNP on the first day of myocardial infarction after PCI were of the greatest value in the diagnosis and prognosis of LV UR after 12 months.RESULTS When analyzing hospital complications, significant differences in the frequency of lethal outcome were not obtained (group 1: n=6 (1.92%); group 2: n=8 (2.24%); p=0.98; OR=0.85; 95% CI 0.29–2.49); MI (group 1: n=5 (1.6%); group 2: n=5 (1.4%); p=0.91; OR=1.14; 95% CI 0.32–3.99 ); ACVA (ischemic type) / TIA (group 1: n=5 (1.6%); group 2: n=6 (1.7%); p=0.82; OR=0.95; 95% CI 0.28–3.15), as well as “mute” ACVA (group 1: n=7 (2.2%); group 2: n=15 (4.2%); p=0.23; OR=0.52; 95% CI 0.21–1.3). However, the vast majority of hemorrhagic transformations (group 1: n=2 (0.64%); group 2: n=13 (3.6%); p=0.018; OR=0.17; 95% CI 0.03–0.76) and all “mute” hemorrhagic transformations (group 1: n=0; group 2: n=26 (7.3%); p=0.001; OR=0.02; 95% CI 0.001–0.33) were observed only in the CEE group, which was reflected in the maximum values of the combined end point: group 1: n=22 (7.05%); group 2: n=73 (20.4%); p

Aim of study. Analysis of the results of a new method of emergency glomus-sparing carotid endarterectomy (CEE) according to A.N. Kazantsev in the acute period of ischemic stroke.Material and methods. This cohort comparative prospective open-label study from January 2017 to April 2020 included 517 patients operated on for occlusive stenotic lesions of the internal carotid arteries (ICA) in the acute period of ischemic stroke (within 24 hours after the development of ischemic stroke). Depending on the implemented revascularization strategy, all patients were divided into three groups: group 1 — 214 patients (41.4%) — glomus-sparing CEE according to A.N. Kazantsev; 2nd group — 145 (28%) — classical CEE with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch; 3rd group — 158 (30.6%) — eversion CEE. The observation period was 35.2±9.6 months. Glomus-saving СE according to A.N. Kazantsev was carried out as follows. Arteriotomy with transition to the common carotid artery (CCA) was performed along the inner edge of the external carotid artery (ECA) adjacent to the carotid sinus, 2–3 cm above the ostium, depending on the spread of atherosclerotic plaque, the ICA was cut off at the site formed by the sections of the wall of the ECA and CCA. Then endarterectomy from the ICA was performed using the eversion technique. The next step was open endarterectomy from ECA and CCA. Then the ICA was implanted in the same position on the saved site.Results. In the hospital follow-up period, there were no significant intergroup differences in the number of complications. However, it should be noted that in the CEE group according to A.N. Kazantsev had no adverse cardiovascular events. In the long-term follow-up period, the smallest number of cardiovascular accidents was detected after CEE according to A.N. Kazantsev. However, intergroup differences were found only in the combined endpoint and the incidence of thrombosis, which were the highest in the 2nd and 3rd groups (p = 0.01). When analyzing the survival curves, it was revealed that the greatest number of cardiovascular accidents in the group of classical and eversion CEE occurred either during the hospital observation period or during the first months after surgery, and after CEE according to A.N. Kazantsev - in a year or more. When analyzing the graph of the dynamics of systolic blood pressure (BP), it was revealed that after glomus-sparing CEE according to A.N. Kazantsev, stable numbers are maintained while receiving preoperative antihypertensive therapy and do not rise above 140 mm Hg. In turn, after classical and eversion CEE, critical hypertension persists in the first three days, which is difficult to treat. In the future, blood pressure figures are unstable and fluctuate in the range from 140 to 160 mm Hg. All cases of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke were recorded against the background of critical numbers of systolic blood pressure, reaching 180-200 mm Hg.Conclusion. The presented glomus-sparing carotid endarterectomy according to A.N. Kazantsev meets the modern standards of carotid surgery, combined with the minimum permissible risks of developing adverse cardiovascular events, both in hospital and in the long-term follow-up. The confident effect of the developed revascularization is based on the precise removal of plaque from the common, external and internal carotid arteries, as well as maintaining the stability of hemodynamic parameters.

Aim. To analyze the results of using a novel method of glomus-saving carotid endarterectomy (CEE) sensu A. N. Kazantsev.Materials and methods. This cohort, comparative, prospective, open-label study from January 2018 to April 2020 included 475 patients who undergone one of the three glomus-saving types of CEE. Depending on the implemented revascularization strategy, all patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 — 136 patients (28,631%) CEE sensu R. A. Vinogradov; group 2 — 125 patients (26,316%) — sensu K. A. Antsupov; group 3 — 214 patients (45,053%) — sensu A. N. Kazantsev. Glomus-saving CEE sensu A. N. Kazantsev was carried as follows. Arteriotomy was performed along the inner edge of the external carotid artery (ECA) adjacent to the carotid sinus, 2 to 3 cm above the mouth, depending on the atherosclerotic lesion, with a transition to the common carotid artery (CCA) (also 2 to 3 cm below the mouth of the ECA). The internal carotid artery (ICA) was cut off at the site formed by the wall of the ECA and CCA. Next, an endarterectomy from the ICA was performed using the eversion technique. The next step was an open endarterectomy from EСA and СCA. Next, the ICA at the saved site was implanted in the previous position.Results. No intergroup differences were observed during hospitalization. Due to intraoperative visualization of an extended lesion of the ICA, in some cases it became necessary to transform the operation: in group 1, 4,4% of cases required ICA prosthetics; in groups 2 and 3 — autologous ICA transplantation in 4,8% and 4,7% of cases, respectively. Also, 1 case of ischemic stroke was recorded in groups 1 and 2. The cause of the latter was ICA thrombosis due to intimal detachment distal to the removed plaque. All cases of ECA thrombosis in the hospital postoperative period were differentiated in group 2.In the long-term follow-up, the groups were also comparable in the complication rate. The cause of all ischemic strokes was the development of restenosis or thrombosis of the ICA/prosthesis. Among patients who underwent forced autologous transplantation of the ICA, restenosis was not recorded. It should also be noted that new ECA occlusions (n=12; 9,6%) were visualized 6 months after reconstruction only in group 2.Conclusion. CEE sensu A. N. Kazantsev is the simplest technique of glomus-saving reconstructions, which have demonstrated their safety and effectiveness.

This review of the literature discusses the solution of unresolved issues related to carotid endarterectomy in Russia: (1) A program has been created for choosing the tactics of revascularization of patients with simultaneous atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary and carotid arteries; (2) Using the methods of computer modeling, studying the genetics and morphology of restenosis, it was found that the classic carotid endarterectomy with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch is an unsafe type of revascularization; (3) An eversion carotid endarterectomy with transposition of the internal carotid artery over the hypoglossal nerve has been developed, which makes it possible to prevent damage to the latter during repeated carotid endarterectomy for restenosis; (4) It has been established that carotid endarterectomy is associated with a high risk of complications in patients over 75 years of age; (5) It has been proven that emergency carotid endarterectomy in the first hours after the development of a stroke is not safe because. combined with the maximum number of all non-favorable cardiovascular events; (6) 3 new types of carotid endarterectomy with carotid glomus preservation have been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the dynamics of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the results of various types of carotid endarterectomy (CEE) in patients with resistant arterial hypertension (RAH)., Materials and Methods: The study included 1577 patients with hemodynamically significant stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and RAH for more than 3 years. Patients were enrolled from January 2014 to December 2020. Depending on the implemented revascularization strategy, 5 groups were formed: group 1 ( n =289 (18.3%)) with classical CEE with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch, group 2 ( n =472 (29.9%)) with eversional CEE with cut-off of carotid glomus (CG); group 3 ( n =109 (6.9%)) with the formation of a new bifurcation; group 4: ( n =117 (7.4%)) with autoarterial reconstruction; group 5: ( n =590 (37.4%)) with glomus-saving CEE., Results: In the postoperative period, no significant differences were obtained in the frequency of deaths (0.34% for group 1; 0.63% for group 2; 0% for groups 3, 4 and 5), myocardial infarction (0.34%, 0.84%, 1.83, 0.85%, 0.33%, respectively); ischemic stroke (0.34%, 1.27%, 0.91%, 0.85%, 0.17%, respectively), hemorrhagic transformation (0%, 0.84%, 0.91%, 0.85%, 0%, respectively). However, according to the frequency of the combined endpoint (death + myocardial infarction + ischemic stroke + hemorrhagic transformation), the lowest rates were observed in the group of classical carotid endarterectomy with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch and glomus-sparing CEE (1.03%, 3.6%, 3.67%, 2.56%, 0.5%, respectively). This is due to the absence of cases of labile AH and hypertensive crises among patients of groups 1 and 5, which was ensured by the preservation of carotid glomus (CG). As a result, the number of patients with 2 and 3 degrees of hypertension in these groups decreased statistically significantly. The vast majority of patients after these operations achieved a stable target SBP. In groups 2, 3, and 4, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of patients with 2 and 3 degrees of AH, which is associated with excision of the CG., Conclusion: Classical CEE and glomus-sparing CEE techniques make it possible to achieve a stable target SBP level in patients with RAH as a result of CG preservation. Removal or traumatization of the latter during eversional CEE, the formation of a new bifurcation, autoarterial reconstruction is accompanied by the development of labile hypertension, an increase in the degree of hypertension and a high risk of hemorrhagic transformation in the brain. Thus, the most effective and safe types of CEE in the presence of RAH are classical CEE with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch and glomus-sparing CEE.