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Photograph of the southern adobe of Manuel Garcia at Little Rock Creek, Antelope Valley, ca.1885. Two wagons sit in front of the small structure, one drawn by horses, the other by a mule. About seven people (men, women, children) stand or sit in and around the wagons. A low brush-covered embankment is visible in the background. Garcia was the first settler at Little Rock Creek and was killed nearby by a bear.

Photograph of an exterior view of the ruins of Mission La Purisima Concepcion in Lompoc, ca.1885. The large adobe structure can be seen at center. The tops of the walls are badly damaged and jagged edges have been worn down by years of erosion. Wooden scaffolding can be seen through a gap in the wall at center, while a split-rail fence can be seen on a hill in the foreground at right. Two grassy hills are visible in the background.

Photograph of the confessional and choir loft at the Mission San Juan Capistrano, Orange County, California, ca.1885. The confessional is made of wood and decorated with fancy ornamental wood molding. It sits on a small platform situated between two doors and a flight of stairs. The stairs lead to the choir loft(?).

Photographic portrait of John "Chicken Johnny" Brinkley, native of Catalina Island, ca.1885. Mr. Brinkley stands on the stone front step of a wooden shack with his hat in his left hand. A pan can be seen hung from the outside wall to the right, beneath which a pile of tin cans can be seen. Mr. Brinkley is bald with what remaining hair he has at the side close-cropped like his beard. A few other stones sit to the left of his front step. He had only been off the island once in his lifetime, and worked for Shatto.

Photograph of a view of surf around rocks in Laguna Beach, ca.1885. Flat rocks that appear to be covered in moss can be seen throughout. Water can be seen swirling in around the rocks, while the water can be seen breaking on the rocks closest to the back. The ocean continues into the background.

Photograph of an exterior view of the Carl Bernardt adobe in Carlsbad, ca.1885. The low building spans the image from left to right. Its walls are made of wooden beams, and terracotta tiles cover its roof. An assortment of cactus and other bushes can be sen in the foreground at left, while a small group of people can be seen sitting around a table on the front porch at right.

Photograph of the Hotel San Gabriel, later known as "Masonic House" or "Sanitorium", ca.1885. The large building is covered in white wooden siding, and there is a tower on the left corner. There is a covered porch that wraps around the entire front of the hotel, including the tower. Three chimneys can be seen protruding from the dark roof. In front of the hotel are several trees planted in a grassy field.

Photograph of the end of the patio of the adobe Hacienda Aguilar, at Mission San Juan Capistrano, California, ca.1885. "Old Indian Rosario Cervantes, drawing water from aged masonry well of mission construction." -- unknown author. The well is constructed of wood with stones that form a brick-like support for the base. The water bucket is attached to the well by a rope using a pulley for leverage. An unidentified wooden apparatus (about the size of a dresser) with a large wheel mounted on the front, stands next to the building. The roof of the building has both shingle-style and Spanish-style tiles and exposed rafter tails. A stout man, wearing a vest and hat, stands next to the door of the adobe.; Picture file card reads: "Patio in village of San Juan Capistrano 'Hacienda Aguilar', north wing. Indian servant Rosario Cervantes drawing water from well. Stout man is Max 'Don Marcos' Mendelson whose 'Mission Inn' Hotel stood just south of the Aguilar Hacienda."

Photograph of a sailing vessel and the Mexican Coronado Islands seen from Coronado Beach, ca.1885. A three-masted barkentine schooner is sailing to the right on the horizon. The surf breaks on the beach in the foreground.

Photograph of a hand-drawn plot map of the town of Compton, ca.1885. Quadrilateral plots numbered from one to thirty-two fill the lower two-thirds of the map. Each plot is subdivided into smaller units, which are also numbered. The map is bounded at the north by Lemon Street, at the east by Pomegranate Street, at the south by Olive Street, and at the west by Oleander Street. The width of the streets in feet is also recorded. The top of the map is titled "Map of the Town of Compton", followed by text describing and certifying the content of the map. Another certification, dated 1885 by the County Recorder, sits at the bottom edge of the map.

"52. Congo Francais - Premiere Case des Peres a Brazzaville (1885)." ("52. French Congo - First House of the Fathers in Brazzaville (1885).") A missionary father stands at one end of a long thatched-roof house with five separate entrances. Three indigenous children stand near one of the doors. Postcard issued by the "Mission Catholique de Brazzaville."; The back of the postcard is blank.

Lars Jakobsen Roestvig was a missionary in Madagascar from 1874-1911. He attended The School of Mission and Theology 1868-1873.He received the St. Olavs Order in 1912. In Morondava, Madagascar on September 10, 1876 he married Anne Elisabeth 1846-1878, maiden name Figved. After she died he married Martha Serine 1862-1941, maiden name Olsen, in Tulear, Madagascar on April 14, 1881(on picture).

The iron barque "Paulus" was launched on April 1, 1885 in Stavanger, Norway. The ship was inaugurated during the Annual meeting in Kristiania (Oslo) on June 5, 1885. It had 600 ton deadweight and a draft of 11 3/4 feet. It cost kr.125 000. "Paulus" sailed as a Mission ship until 1893. It was sold in 1897. Prior to this ship NMS used the Mission ship "Elieser" from 1865-1884.

"Vizianagram". Printed as an engraving in the Chronicle of the London Missionary Society with the caption, "Some of the Wanderers visited by missionaries." This engraving accompanies a regular feature in the Chronicle called "Appeals from Wanderers in the Dark", where Rev. Goffin introduced first hand accounts from the mission field.; One of 89 albumen prints mounted on 27 loose album pages, taken or compiled by Sarah Goffin, wife of L.M.S. missionary, Herbert James Goffin (1850-1932). Sarah Goffin sailed to India following her marriage in 1878 and spent the next eleven years at the L.M.S. station at Vizianagaram, before moving on to other districts in India. Engravings based on a number of these photographs appear in the Chronicle of the London Missionary Society, including 1886 and 1888.

"Medapalli. Village Preaching." Group of village men, women and children outside houses with three indigenous preachers, each holding a book and an umbrella.; One of 89 albumen prints mounted on 27 loose album pages, taken or compiled by Sarah Goffin, wife of L.M.S. missionary, Herbert James Goffin (1850-1932). Sarah Goffin sailed to India following her marriage in 1878 and spent the next eleven years at the L.M.S. station at Vizianagaram, before moving on to other districts in India. Engravings based on a number of these photographs appear in the Chronicle of the London Missionary Society, including 1886 and 1888.

Photograph of California's first commercially successful oil wells in Newhall's Pico Canyon, ca.1885. The tall wooden towers of three oil wells are visible, including one in the foreground, one in the upper right corner and one in the background near the top on the image. The towers are in the bottom of the canyon, the walls of which are densely covered in small bushes. There are several wooden buildings visible, including one in the upper right corner that resembles a barn. There is a dirt path on the side of a hill on the left side of the image that leads to the bottom of the canyon.; The three wells were started in 1876 by Alexander Mentry, Jd.C. Scott, and J.G. Baher. The company was known as the Star Oil Works Co., and the name was later changed to California Star Oil Works Co. F.B. Scofield bought up controlling interest.

Photographic portrait of John "Chicken George" Brinkley, native of Catalina Island, behind a house, ca.1885. Mr. Brinkley stands with his hands to his sides an his hat on, in front of some dying bushes. A tall, adobe house stands in the background behind him, partially obscured by trees. A tall hill is visible still further in the background, behind it. Mr. Brinkley had only been off of the island once in his lifetime, and worked for Shatto. Picture file card reads: "Chicken George", however, "Chicken Johnny" was found in an earlier record.

Photograph of the ocean front Santa Monica Hotel opposite the Pacific Electric Railway Depot, ca.1885. The hotel is in the foreground on the right, and there are several men on the covered porch and the stairs that lead up to it, looking at the camera. The wraparound balcony above the porch is held up by carved wooden columns. Additional wing, located behind and to the left of the main building, has four chimneys and a large covered balcony and porch.; The hotel burned down on or around 1888, although references vary as to the date. It was located on the east side of Ocean Avenue across from Linda Vista Park (today's Palisades Park) between Colorado Ave & Utah Ave (today's Broadway).

Photograph of General Fremont's headquarters and the first Los Angeles City Hall (Mellus Row) in the first plaza in Los Angeles on the southeast corner of Aliso Street and Los Angeles Street, Sonora Town, 1885. From Baker Block looking east. Captain Alexander Bell and Mellus lived here (Francis Mellus married a niece of Mrs. Bell's). It was taken over by General Fremont for his headquarters and thus became the state capital for the short period of his acting as governor. The Los Angeles City organization was formed in this building in 1850.; Streetscape. Horizontal photography.

Photograph of a panoramic view of Sonora Town, from Fort Moore Hill looking north over Castelar (or Castellar?) Street, ca.1885. The town consists of street blocks of houses and small buildings. Mountains are visible in the distance.; "Sonoratown, former Mexican downtown residential neighborhood. Mexicans returning from the California Gold Rush in the mid-1850s settled in adobes north of the Plaza Church, along North Main and North Broadway, and on the hilly streets north and west of the Plaza, including Alpine and Buena Vista. The long, low, whitewashed adobes were homes and shops to poor, working-class Mexicans, many from the Mexican province of Sonora. The Plaza Church was their cultural anchor. By the early 1900s, however, the arrival of the railroad, the spread of industry and commerce, and the southward spread of real estate development all gradually undermined Sonoratown as a residential neighborhood." -- Leanord and Dale Pitt.

Photograph of the exterior view of the home of Don Antonio Mario Lugo, of adobe built in 1820 on San Pedro Street, near Second Street, Los Angeles, ca.1885. The single-story house has extended roof supported by beams at about every ten feet. A wooden fence encloses the perimeter to the right of the house. Trees are visible in the background. Picture file card reads: "1st house with wood floor?".

Photograph of Pala Mission shown from rear, ca.1885. A brick wall runs from left to right while a few short buildings can be seen standing behind the wall. A mission tower is visible at left while mountains can be seen in the background.

Photograph of an exterior view of the façade of Mission San Luis Rey, ca.1885. The main façade of the mission is at center and consists of a tall wall with a single arched doorway in the middle. Above the doorway is a large circular window, and there is a tall bell tower at right. Behind the façade at right is a terracotta roofed building. A low adobe wall extends at right, and at left is a line of open adobe archways. The entire exterior is covered in white spackle that has worn away in some places. There is low grass in front of the mission.

Photograph of a drawing of the San Marcos Mission Station ruins in San Inez Valley by Henry Chapman Ford, ca.1885. Four windows are visible on what is left of the adobe wall at center. Several roof beams are still supported above the ground by the remains of the other three collapsing walls. A tree is pictured to the right and a cluster of trees, along with mountains, is visible in the distance. Writing at the lower right hand corner reads "Sts./1.50".

Photograph of the exterior stairway leading to the choir loft of the adobe church at San Gabriel Mission, San Gabriel, ca.1885. The fired(?) brick or stone steps are deeply grooved with wear. The support walls are made of adobe with much of its stucco worn off. Metal handrails surround the stair landing at top. Two large buttresses provide support for the church wall.

Photograph of a view of the ruins of the original San Gabriel Mission, about six miles east of a later (ca.1775) location, San Gabriel, California, ca.1885. The corn stalks(?) growing in the field (foreground) surrounds the ruins of the original mission. Grass(?) is growing at the top of the ruined walls. A fence made of tall sticks is still standing (at right).

Photograph of the ancient side alter at Mission San Buenaventura, Ventura, California, ca.1885. The alter consisting of five sculptures and painted decorations depicts the scene of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ (center). Flanking the crucifixion scene are the statues the Virgin Mary and Joseph(?). Perched on consoles and flanking all three statues are two other statues depicting figures in togas (or robes?). Candles and framed documents (or plaques?) are laid on the steps below the statues of the Virgin Mary and Joseph.

Photograph of the exterior view of Saint Vincent's College (later Loyola University), Broadway west on 6th Street, Los Angeles, ca.1885. The building is about three-stories tall. A cross is perched on each of the visible pediments to the left of the square tower. Varieties of trees are lined along the fence separating the yard and the dirt road (foreground).

Photograph of the old olive mill in front of the Mission San Juan Capistrano, Orange County, California, ca.1885. The mill consists of a basin with a post jutting from its center. A horizontal bar is attached to the post and is being held up by two tree branches. A (stone?) wheel lies slanted inside the basin. Nearby lies another wheel (wooden?). Young trees and sprouts of vines and bushes are scattered across the open space in front of the mission. Surrounding the mission are the corridors (or arcade). The corridors and the mission buildings are in dilapidated condition. Picture file card reads: "Old Olive Mill erected in 1880 by orders of Padre Jose Mut by his helper Don Ramon Yorba II. Ruins of cuartel to left and of quaint polzolera chimney in background. One of these posts of the olive mill later sprouted and became the smaller of the two old pepper trees in front of the mission."

Photograph of a view of Mount San Antonio (also known as Mount Baldy), viewed from the ridge across San Antonio Canyon, Los Angeles County, ca.1885. The sides of the mountain, populated with a plethora of trees, are covered in snow.; "Mount San Antonio, also known as Old Baldy, is, at 10,080 feet, the highest peak in Los Angeles County. Located in the San Gabriel Mountains and within the Angeles National Forest, the snow-capped mountain is sometimes visible from as far away as Santa Monica." -- Leanord and Dale Pitt.

Photograph of the exterior view of Mission San Luis de Francia, ca.1885. Several sheep graze near the cloister (at left). The mission is in dilapidated condition. The walls show signs of stucco deterioration. The church is about three-stories tall and features multi-curved parapets. The bell tower stands next to the church.; "Although the last mission to be founded in the south, San Luis Rey the 'King of the Missions' came to be the largest and richest of all. A great quadrangle was 500 feet on a side. An intricate aqueduct system supplied water for the mission and gardens as well as for pools used for bathing and laundry. In the year 1831 an incredible 16,000 cattle, 25,500 sheep and 2,150 horses graced the far-flung ranchos. 395,000 bushels of grain and 2,500 barrels of wine were produced by that same year. Mexico, once free from Spain, began to divide the spoils of the mission system. Governor Pio Pico and his brother alone appropriated 90,000 acres of Mission San Luis Rey land for themselves. By 1846 the last vestige of mission life had disappeared. Finally, the U. S. Government gathered the last of the Indians into a 'temporary' home on a reservation at Pala. They are still there, the only original site where Mission Indians are still ministered to. The original decree, signed by President Abraham Lincoln on March 18, 1861, which returned the mission buildings and a few surrounding acres to the Church, is displayed today in the mission museum. Even so, years of vandalism and neglect followed before Franciscans from Mexico returned in 1892, to begin a restoration which has recaptured much of the grandeur of old." -- unknown author.

Photograph of an exterior view of the south aspect of Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, California, ca.1885. The square bell tower rises on the right corner of the church and has a dome roof with a cross on top. The mission church roof is covered with spanish-style tiles. The exterior corridor of an adjacent building has an arcade of arches that run to the left. Another cross is perched on the multicurved parapet over the main entry. Scrub grass grows on the predominatly flat surrounding grounds.

Photograph of a distant view from the north, of Mission San Fernando, California, ca.1885. Three tall palm trees dominate the image. The long exterior corridor fronted with arches is the only part of the Mission visible. Fields, once tilled, are in the foreground. Mountains rise in the background.

Photograph of painting of Mission San Buenaventura, Mission San Buenaventura, California, ca.1885. This photograph (blurred) is taken from the northeast of the mission. The mission has several buildings attached to each other, forming a central quadrangle. A bell tower with a cross at the top -- which faces the front of the church -- is seen from the rear. Vegetation including trees grows around the mission. Some houses and clouds are visible in the background.

Photograph of a painting of a portrait of Don Pio Pico (last Mexican governor of California, 1845-1846), ca.1885. The view is from the chest up. He is facing his left. He has a thick, curly, lightly-colored beard, moustache and full head of hair. He is wearing a three-piece suit and a distinctive winged pin on his shirt. Painted by A.F. Harmer.

Photograph of a portrait of Helen Hunt Jackson painted by A.F. Harmer in 1885, ca. 1885. She is turned slightly to the right and is visible from the chest up. She is wearing a high collared light-colored ruffled blouse under a dark dress. The portrait is signed with the artist's initials, "A.F.H.". Jackson was the author of the book "Ramona." Possibly painted from sittings in 1880 or 1882.

Photograph of a woman washing clothes on board at a stream on Camulos Ranch illustrating wash day for the book, Ramona, ca.1885. A house is visible behind her. A rough wooden bridge spans the stream further back. The Indian, Ramona, was made famous in this book by Helen Hunt Jackson.

Photograph of the front of Mission Santa Inez, Solvang, ca.1885. The main church building with tile roof is at right and a long row of arches supports the roof of a covered veranda at left. A campanerio with three arch-shaped bell openings can be seen in the background at right. The adobe church is covered with light-colored plaster, much of which is damaged.

Photograph of Victorianno, Chief of the Soboba Indians at 136 years of age, ca.1885. As a child he helped to build the Mission San Gabriel. He can be seen from waist up and is visible wearing a jacket over a striped shirt. His hair is completely white, including his bushy eyebrows and scraggly sparse beard with no mustache.

Photograph of a group of people at Potter's Camp, San Gabriel Canyon, California. Two men are on burros. Two women with 4 children stand near another burro. Two other men and several other burros are behind. An arbor is visible behind a tall wooden fence adjacent to a 2-story wooden building partially hidden by a tree. The mountain slope rises in the background.

Photograph of a portrait of a Pima Indian girl or squaw, Arizona, ca.1885. She is visible from the chest up. She is wearing a necklace of beads wrapped several times around her neck and also loosely down her bare chest. She has long straight dark hair. Designs of lines and dots are painted below each of her eyes on her cheeks. She is facing slightly to her right.

Photograph of Mission La Purisma Concepcion main front in disrepair with a fountain, ca.1885. In the background at center, the roof of the mission is showing signs of slight collapse. Several small columns border the side of the mission and support the crumbling roof. The small, shrub-peppered hill behind it recedes into a sky almost completely free of clouds. In the foreground, what appears to be a round fountain also shows signs of disrepair.

Photograph of interior of Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, California, ca.1885. Altars visible as are several rows of pews.

Photograph of the two old palm trees on San Pedro Street, home of Sheriff Hummel, showing old well, Los Angeles. Other trees and part of a dwelling are visible in background. The shadow of another building is in the foreground.

Photograph of Mission Santa Barbara, California, showing water in Indian wash place, ca.1885. In the extreme foreground at left, a large stone trough can be seen holding excess water. Behind the wash place, a picket fence surrounds a garden-like area in front of the mission at right. In the extreme background at right, three crosses over the main entrance to the mission can be seen. At left, a row of arches dominate the rest of the facade.

Photograph of grape arbor at Camulos Ranch -- Ramona's home, ca.1885. View is looking down center of arbor which is heavily overhung with grapes. A work table is in the arbor about halfway down the long passage.

Photographic portrait of Ramona, a Cahuilla Indian, at her new home a year after the murder of her husband Alessandro by Sam Temple, ca. 1885. The Indian woman is seated outside the house at center. She is wearing a white blouse and patterned skirt. The house is a very simple wooden structure with a single open doorway and a pipe protruding from the roof to act as a chimney. A small area around the house has been cleared of brush, but outside of this circle, the ground is covered in small desert shrubs. There is another building visible at right, and a large moutain is in the background at right. Ramona was an Indian upon whom Helen Hunt Jackson's novel Ramona is based.

Photograph of Commodore Switzer and Pasadenians at Arroyo Seco Camp, ca.1885. At left stands a man with a long beard. In the center are three people, a man and two women, mounted on mules. The man is holding a rifle. At right stands a man next to his saddled mule. In the background next to the trees stands another man (at right). Two women are sitting next to an erect tent in the background. Trees cover the landscape.

Photograph of a distant view of Mission La Purisima Concepcion, seen from the south, ca.1885. The mission sits at the base of a hill. A wide tree partially blocks view of the long arcade. Grass coveres the landscape. Some trees and bushes dot the hill and the area in the foreground. Photoprint reads: "Very early".

Photographic portrait of Mrs. Arcadia de Baker; previously Mrs. Abel Stearns, Arcadia Bandini, ca.1885. She can be seen from the waist up turned slightly to the left in an oval cutout. Her long dark hair is parted up the middle and pulled back to her neck. She is wearing a frilly shawl over a frilly dress with a low neckline. Her right hand is pressed to her shawl at her chest, while her left hand lays in her lap.; Mrs. Baker was the widow of Abel Stearns. She was known as the wealthiest woman in southern California. She was one of the three daughters of Juan Bandini. Josefa, Ysabel and Arcadia made the first American flag at San Diego in 1846 (later preserved in the archives in Washington, D.C.).