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The World Health Organization has estimated that 450 million individuals live with mental disorders worldwide. In the last few years, a growing interest in research on the quality of life in chronically ill people could be observed. Further research generates new concepts and specific tools to measure the quality of life. Quality of life can be assessed using both generic and specific questionnaires. This allows for obtaining a quantitative result, which can be compared with studies in other patient populations. Currently, there are a variety of tools and questionnaires measuring the quality of life in patients, considering its various determinants. The most popular tools include Euro Quality of Life Questionnaire, Short-Form Health Survey and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF. World Health Organization defines Quality of Life as an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which the patients live and concerning their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. Quality of life is increasingly used for the characterisation of disease and estimation the therapeutic efficiency. Evaluation and planning of activities designed to improve and maintain the patient's quality of life require a holistic approach, taking into account psychological and medical aspects of the patient's life. Several studies have shown that in the case of individuals with mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and anxiety disorders, the assessment of quality of life is not only possible, but also desirable and even necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 pandemics reactivated interest in the relationship between mental diseases and infectious factors. In this narrative review, such association for tuberculosis, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, influenza, and COVID-19 was discussed. A connection between tuberculosis and melancholia was postulated for several centuries. In the 1950s, an anti-tuberculosis drug, iproniazid, was found to exert an antidepressant effect. In the 20th century, it was demonstrated that psychiatric disturbances connected with syphilis can be treated by an inoculation of malaria, which initiated immunotherapy. Increased frequency of Toxoplasma gondii infections in psychiatric illnesses was found and higher risk of the illnesses following the infection in pregnancy. A more frequent incidence of schizophrenia in persons born during the influenza pandemic in the second half of the 20th century was evidenced. Mental disturbances can result from an ancient infection of the human genome by retroviruses. Infection during pregnancy can increase their risk in later life. Pathogenic can be also an infection in adult life. COVID-19 causes significant early and late consequences for mental health. Two-year pandemics observation brought data on the therapeutic action of psychotropic drugs on SARS-CoV-2. Despite previous data on the antiviral action of lithium, a significant effect of this ion of the prevalence and course on the COVID-19 was not confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artykuł przedstawia innowacyjny projekt muzealny – wystawę edukacyjną „Uważaj na głowę”, prezentowaną od lutego 2016 roku w Szpitalu Klinicznym im. dr. J. Babińskiego w Krakowie. Koncepcja wystawy została opracowana przez członków Stowarzyszenia „Archipelagi Kultury”, Szpital Kliniczny im. dr. Józefa Babińskiego, a także Fundację „Revita Kraków-Kobierzyn” w ramach projektu „Kobierzyn Bliżej. Przeciw stygmatyzacji chorujących psychicznie”. Głównym jej celem jest ukazanie choroby psychicznej oczami pacjenta i przedstawienie procesu leczenia, a także zdrowienia. Każda indywidualna historia zaprezentowana na wystawie nabiera innego sensu w zależności od interpretatora opowiadania. Dlatego w muzealnictwie czy turystyce niezwykle ważna jest wykwalifikowana kadra pilotów i przewodników. Tak naprawdę w dużej mierze od ich umiejętności zależy, czy zwiedzający zrozumie i zapamięta sens przekazu w muzeum czy miejscu pamięci. Przewodnikami na wystawie „Uważaj na głowę” są zatem osoby, które doświadczyły kryzysu psychicznego i przebywały w szpitalu psychiatrycznym.

Celem autora artykułu była interpretacja prowadzonych w epoce wczesnej nowożytności dyskursów na temat czarostwa i chorób psychicznych z punktu widzenia procesów ekskluzji i inkluzji jako mechanizmów regulujących dynamikę społeczną w określonych warunkach historycznych. Intelektualnym fundamentem wywodów w dyskursach na temat czarostwa i chorób psychicznych było tradycyjne przekonanie o rzekomej słabości i skłonności natury kobiecej do stanów kojarzonych z melancholią, rozumianą zarówno jako zjawisko naturalne (temperamentalne), jak i o podłożu demonicznym. Rozpowszechniane w dyskursie intelektualnym mizoginiczne poglądy o czarownicach, obecne również w dyskursie o melancholii jako przypadłości głównie kobiecej, pozwalały konstruować wyobrażenie o zagrażającej „większości” wiernych niebezpiecznej „mniejszości” czarownic (i czarowników), którą dodatkowo marginalizowano poprzez ich asocjację z religijną i etniczną „obcością”.

One of the most important causes of marriage nullity is consensual incapacity, i.e. a prospective spouse’s inability to validly express marital consent in accordance with the requirements set out in the 1983 Code of Canon Law. Within the meaning of canon law, the sources of consensual incapability can have various forms, all of which, how­ever, must be related to reason, i.e. mental powers connected with understanding the nature of the sacrament of marriage and the resultant obligations and one’s own actu­al ability to fulfil them. Therefore, one of the most important causes of consensual in­capability is a wide range of mental diseases and disorders.

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Copyright of Art of Healing / Sztuka Leczenia is the property of Jagiellonian University Medical College and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Art of Healing / Sztuka Leczenia is the property of Jagiellonian University Medical College and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The commented judgment concerned the disclosure of disability symbol on the disability certificate. The complainant, both in the constitutional complaint and during the proceedings, claimed the symbol 02-P (mental illnesses) was stigmatising Although the Constitutional Tribunal decided on non-constitutionality of the challenged provisions, the commented judgment caused the further stigmatisation of persons with mental illnesses. Organs still placed other symbols on the disability certificate, as they did not lose competences in this scope, and all symbols (specified in the challenged regulation) maintained their force, with the exception of 02-P. In practice, every certificate included the cause of disability. In case of persons like the complainant, the information on the cause of disability had a negative character, as the lack of a symbol was also an information on the state of health The judgment shall therefore be evaluated negatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main traits of a society of reflexive modernity is the critical analysis of categories that in the past appeared unquestionable. Socio-cultural gender and health or illness/mental disorders are categories of this type. Above all, they are socially constructed, that is, they are dependent on culture and on political, economic, and religious factors. The author undertakes to analyse the relations between the diagnostic criteria used in the international system of classifying mental diseases (DSM-IV and ICD-10) and traditional schemas of masculinity and femininity. Confirmation of the incidence of particular diseases in connection with gender is the author's entry point for seeking answers to why individuals suffering from certain illnesses/mental disorders display behaviour corresponding to traditional gender roles, even though contemporary gender roles are fluid in many respects, and hypotheses about biological differences as causes of incidence of disease in men and women have not been empirically confirmed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)