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Introduction: Intussusception is the telescoping of one segment of the intestine into an adjacent segment, leading to obstruction, inflammation, and ischemia. In adults, it accounts for 5% of intussusception cases, representing 1%-5% of intestinal obstructions. It is typically secondary to intraluminal lesions (benign or malignant) or iatrogenic factors. Case Report: A 39-year-old male patient with a history of chronic gastritis presented with a three-month history of intermittent epigastric and left hypochondrial pain, which progressively increased in intensity and was associated with melena and rectal bleeding. On physical examination, he was hemodynamically stable, with mild tenderness in the left upper quadrant, no signs of peritoneal irritation, and positive findings for melena on digital rectal examination. Initial laboratory tests revealed no inflammatory response and normal hemoglobin levels. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy showed no abnormalities. Due to persistent abdominal pain, hepatobiliary ultrasound was performed, revealing a "target sign" suggestive of intussusception, which was confirmed with abdominal computed tomography. The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery, which identified an intestinal intussusception in the proximal ileum with a palpable intraluminal mass. Segmental resection and side-to-side anastomosis were performed. Histopathological analysis revealed a submucosal lipoma with ectopic pancreatic tissue. Conclusion: Intestinal intussusception in adults is rare and even less frequently associated with ectopic pancreatic tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Routine histopathology of tonsillectomy specimens is not standard practice due to cost and resource constraints. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of abnormal histopathologies in tonsillectomy specimens to determine the necessity of routine histopathology. A prospective observational study was conducted from January 2014 to August 2016 at a general tertiary care center after approval of Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC). Patients scheduled for tonsillectomy surgery as per the AAOHNS 2011 criteria were included in the study. All tonsillectomy specimens were sent for histopathology, and abnormal findings were documented. Statistical analysis was performed. A total of 111 patients were enrolled in this study, and 222 tonsillectomy specimens were analyzed. The most common finding was chronic tonsillitis, which justified the selection criteria in 91.89% of patients. Two patients with chronic tonsillitis were also found to have actinomycosis present on the surface without parenchymal tissue reaction. Abnormal histopathological findings were observed in 9 (8.10%) of patients, leading to further investigations or treatment in 8 cases. These abnormalities included chronic granuloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, early squamous cell carcinoma, and one choristoma. Tonsillar asymmetry, recent onset of symptoms and older age were found to be significantly correlated with abnormal histopathology and malignancy. Routine histopathology in tonsillectomy specimens helps to identify important findings that may require additional treatment. Based on the study we strongly recommend routine histopathology of tonsillectomy specimen. When significant cost constraints exist, risk-based approach can be adopted. Factors such as older age, asymmetry of tonsils, referred otalgia, duration of symptoms (recent onset) and a history of addiction should be considered for proceeding with histopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choristomas are aggregates of microscopically normal tissues in aberrant locations. They can be cartilage, bone, glial tissue, salivary gland, and thyroid tissue. Cartilaginous choristomas of the oral cavity are rare and occur most commonly on the tongue and less often in sites such as the soft palate and gingiva. We report two cases of cartilaginous choristoma in young females presenting with recurrent tonsillitis. Histopathological examination showed the presence of mature island of hyaline cartilage surrounded by lymphoid hyperplasia. Level of Evidence: Level 4 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: One male adult crested porcupine was found moribund in the province of Siena (Tuscany, Central Italy), and died soon after being recovered by a wildlife rescue service. At necropsy, a rounded nodule was noted on the surface of the heart. Differential diagnoses included abscess, systemic tuberculosis, parasitic cyst, and neoplasia. Histology was performed on the lesion, revealing a cystic formation in the epicardium. The cyst was lined by stratified squamous epithelium and was filled with lamellar keratin without hair shafts. The lesion was diagnosed as an epicardial epidermoid cyst (EC). EC are most commonly found in the skin, both in human and animal patients, although rarely they can occur in various internal organs. However, cardiac EC has not been reported before in animals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of EC in a wild animal species. The crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata) is present in central Italy with an estimated population of 1800 individuals. Despite the local abundance, little data are available on the diseases affecting free-ranging individuals. We describe a case of an epidermoid cyst (EC) in a male adult porcupine found in the municipality of Sovicille, province of Siena (Tuscany). At necropsy, a firm rounded nodule was noted on the left ventricle wall. Histological examination revealed a cystic formation lined by stratified squamous epithelium. The cyst was filled with lamellar keratin, while hair shafts were not present. The adjacent epicardium was infiltrated by lymphoplasmacytic cells in reaction to the rupture of the cyst with the spilling of keratinaceous debris. The lesion was diagnosed as a ruptured epicardial epidermoid cyst. EC are most commonly found in the skin, both in human and animal patients, though infrequently, they can occur in any internal organ. Cardiac EC has not been reported in domestic animals, and this is the first report of EC in a wild animal species. Clinical veterinarians should consider the possibility of similar cardiac lesions in captive subjects since the long lifespan of these rodents could allow the growth of the cyst with the compression of the adjacent tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Animals Studied Procedure Results Conclusions The aim of this report was to provide a clinical description and clinical, ultrasonographic, and histologic images of a foal with microphthalmia and multiple ocular abnormalities.A 12‐h old Friesian‐American Paint Horse crossbred filly presented for blindness, microphthalmia and marked ventral strabismus in both eyes.A complete ophthalmic examination was performed. Ultrasound biomicroscopy and B‐mode ultrasonography were performed. The globes were submitted for histopathology.Ultrasound biomicroscopy demonstrated a hyperechoic cornea void of the typical epithelium, stroma, and Descemet's membrane layers. The anterior chamber was spanned by thick strands of hyperechoic tissue extending from the iris to the cornea. The lens was not visualized. B‐mode ultrasound showed aphakia and mild, mottled echogenicity within the vitreous with no evidence of retinal detachment. On histopathology, both globes were microphthalmic with poorly defined corneal tissue. The anterior chambers were poorly formed and contained lacrimal glandular tissue. Portions of iridal tissue were present, but no lenses were noted. The retinas were segmentally detached and markedly atrophied with areas of retina dysplasia noted.This report provides a clinical, ultrasonographic and histologic description of a rare, congenital condition in a foal characterized by microphthalmia, aphakia, poorly defined corneal tissue, choristomatous differentiation of the anterior segment and retinal dysplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermoid cysts are congenital choristomas. Orbital dermoids are usually encapsulated cystic lesions and are oval, round, or hourglass in shape. Here, we present an unusual case of an external angular dermoid with a unique horseshoe-shaped appearance in a 19-year-old male.

Introduction: Epibulbar choristoma is a benign congenital lesion containing histologically normal-appearing tissue in an abnormal ectopic location. An epibulbar choristoma is classified as either epibulbar dermoid, dermolipoma, or complex choristoma based on histological examination. The case presented was a presumed epibulbar dermolipoma with no signs of ossification on imaging, examination, or intraoperatively until the specimen was examined histologically, clarifying the lesion as an epibulbar complex choristoma. Reassuringly, the presence of bone in such lesions should not change management. Case Presentation: A mother noticed a small fleshy mass on her 9-year-old daughter’s superotemporal bulbar conjunctiva. The suspected epibulbar dermolipoma was confirmed with MRI and initially managed conservatively. Two years later, she was referred for apparent growth and cosmetic concerns, and she underwent surgical debulking. Conclusion: We present this case for its unusual presentation and histological findings. Orbital surgeons should be aware of the possibility of ossification of epibulbar choristomas and avoid confusion with alternative diagnoses. Clarification of the latest classification system for epibulbar choristomas is provided.

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants (CCBR) are rare causes of neck masses in young children. It is commonly associated with genitourinary and cardiac anomalies. We report a case of CCBR in a two-year-old male child who presented with a unilateral painless pedunculated neck mass. Although ultrasonography is noncontributory, histopathology reveals a central core of hyalin cartilage with surrounding skin tissue. A diagnosis of CCBR was made on histopathology, and the patient was further clinically evaluated. The child did not reveal any other anomalies and is currently on follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A dermoid is the presence of normal skin in an abnormal place. A mixed-breed, male, 4-month-old cat was presented with a history of ocular discomfort in the right eye. Ophthalmic examination on the right eye revealed lacrimation, blepharospasm, ocular discomfort and mild conjunctival hyperaemia. A mass with hair with a diameter of 5 mm on the temporal part of the bulbar conjunctiva was observed. Surgical excision of the mass was recommended. Histopathology of the excised tissue confirmed the diagnosis of a dermoid. There was no evidence of lesion recurrence 12 months after surgery. In the present case, complete surgical excision of the dermoid was curative. Although rare, dermoid should be included in the differential diagnosis of conjunctival disorders in cats.

Ovarian hilus cells (OHCs), a counterpart of testicular Leydig cells, are usually found in the ovarian poles and produce androstenedione. Their origin remains a matter of debate, although OHCs are assumed to come from the adrenogenital primordium. OHCs are rarely observed around the poles of the ovary, including the mesoovarium, stroma of the salpinx (perisalpinx), and the wall of paratubal cysts. Their clinical and pathological characteristics are not well-known because of their rarity. Herein, we present a case of ectopic OHCs in a 48-year-old woman. The patient underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy for vaginal bleeding due to multiple leiomyomas. We incidentally found OHCs in the stroma of the infundibulum of the salpinx, just beneath the tubal epithelium. Their size was less than 1 mm, and they were composed of large cells with central round nuclei and abundant clear or granular cytoplasm. OHCs share morphological and immunohistochemical profiles with ectopic adrenal glands, and the differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult. They do not exhibit microscopic encapsulation or the normal adrenal cortex zonation pattern. The patient was discharged and did not show any abnormal findings during 19 months of follow-up. Analyzing the characteristics of testicular Leydig cells will help understand how OHCs develop and why heterotopic OHCs occur in and around the salpinges.

Abstract Heterotopic brain tissue is rare and has not been reported. Our center made the first report. 4 years and 2 months old Girl presented with a cystic mass in the right adrenal gland 2 weeks after right upper abdominal pain. The operation was successful, and the diagnosis was confirmed by postoperative pathology. 6 months after the procedure, the incision healed well without recurrence. This case report has a detailed diagnosis and treatment process and satisfactory examination results. It can provide a reference for diagnosing and treating clinical HBT and reduce the risk of misdiagnosis and mistreatment.

A 23-year-old female symptomatic with unilateral proptosis with superior globe displacement and hypertropia was found to have a multiloculated cystic lesion with bony lining arising from the inferomedial orbit. The adjacent maxillary sinus was markedly smaller on the affected side, with no defect of the wall on radiographic or intraoperative examination. Surgical excision and histological analysis of the lesion demonstrated an orbital respiratory epithelial cyst. A literature review of congenital orbital respiratory epithelial cysts is presented. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of choristomatous orbital respiratory epithelial cyst associated with ossification, and a primary or secondary anomaly of the adjacent sinus without bony defect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ectopic salivary gland tissue is the presence of normal salivary gland tissue developing outside of the major and minor salivary glands. We present a rare, incidental case of lingual ectopic salivary gland tissue in a 52-year-old male with known Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, diagnosed on imaging as tongue mass. Excisional biopsy of the left tongue base lesion was performed and histologic examination revealed ectopic salivary gland tissue. We found only a few cases in literature of ectopic salivary gland tissue situated in the tongue. This case illustrates the need to consider ectopic salivary gland tissue as part of the differential diagnoses of a tongue mass.

Objectives: Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants (CCBRs) and dermal lesions, such as epidermoid cysts or brachial anomalies, including lateral cervical cysts/sinuses or dermal sinuses of anterior chest lesions, are usually located at the lower neck at the anterior or posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM). We aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis and evaluation of CCBRs. Methods: We evaluated 22 lesions of 20 pediatric patients, classified into CCBR and dermal lesion groups. We used Fisher's exact test to evaluate differences between these groups in terms of lesion shape (low‐echoic mass‐ or tubular‐like), whether the lesion was adjacent to/in contact with the SCM or not, and the presence or absence of a concave SCM caused by the lesion. Results: Of the 22 lesions, 8 were CCBRs, and 14 were dermal lesions. We found a significant difference in the presence/absence of adjacency to or contact with the SCM (presence/absence of adjacency to or contact with the SCM in CCBRs vs that in dermal lesions: 6/2 vs 1/13, P =.002) and presence/absence of lesion‐induced concavity of the SCM (presence/absence of lesion‐induced concavity of the SCM in CCBRs vs that in dermal lesions: 3/5 vs 0/14, P =.036). The lesion shape (low‐echoic mass‐like/tubular‐like lesions) did not significantly differ between the two study groups (low‐echoic mass‐like/tubular‐like lesions in CCBRs vs that in dermal lesions: 5/3 vs 11/6, P =.624). Conclusions: CCBRs have a strong association with the SCM. These sonographic findings may be useful in the differential diagnosis of dermal cervical lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterotopic brain tissue is rare and has not been reported. Our center made the first report. 4 years and 2 months old Girl presented with a cystic mass in the right adrenal gland 2 weeks after right upper abdominal pain. The operation was successful, and the diagnosis was confirmed by postoperative pathology. 6 months after the procedure, the incision healed well without recurrence. This case report has a detailed diagnosis and treatment process and satisfactory examination results. It can provide a reference for diagnosing and treating clinical HBT and reduce the risk of misdiagnosis and mistreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Epibulbar choristoma is a benign congenital lesion containing histologically normal-appearing tissue in an abnormal ectopic location. An epibulbar choristoma is classified as either epibulbar dermoid, dermolipoma, or complex choristoma based on histological examination. The case presented was a presumed epibulbar dermolipoma with no signs of ossification on imaging, examination, or intraoperatively until the specimen was examined histologically, clarifying the lesion as an epibulbar complex choristoma. Reassuringly, the presence of bone in such lesions should not change management. Case Presentation: A mother noticed a small fleshy mass on her 9-year-old daughter's superotemporal bulbar conjunctiva. The suspected epibulbar dermolipoma was confirmed with MRI and initially managed conservatively. Two years later, she was referred for apparent growth and cosmetic concerns, and she underwent surgical debulking. Conclusion: We present this case for its unusual presentation and histological findings. Orbital surgeons should be aware of the possibility of ossification of epibulbar choristomas and avoid confusion with alternative diagnoses. Clarification of the latest classification system for epibulbar choristomas is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thyroid tissue in an ectopic location (choristoma) seen in the gall bladder is a rare entity. We report a case of thyroid tissue in an ectopic location in gall bladder in a 29 year old woman with recurrent abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasonography showed multiple gall stones and after cholecystectomy, the histopathology showed thyroid tissue in an ectopic location seen in the wall of the gall bladder.

Cartilaginous choristoma is a rare benign lesion of the external auditory canal, generally found incidentally on physical exam in an asymptomatic patient. Our patient had the largest cartilaginous choristomas described in the literature to date. Additionally, this reviews the nomenclature and differential diagnoses of masses within the external auditory canal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Osseous choristoma is a rare entity, mainly found on the posterior tongue. It is described as a nodular or exophytic lesion with firm to hard consistency. Clinicians should consider osseous choristoma when confronting lesions with the same features. Osseous choristoma is an unusual growth of ectopic bone in the soft tissue. This lesion is extremely rare, with a few cases reported in the literature, and they typically appear in the head and neck region, particularly the posterior tongue. The current report presents a case of osseous choristoma in the palate of a 51‐year‐old female. The patient had slight discomfort, which was resolved after surgical excision of the lesion, and no recurrence was observed. This research presents an instance of osseous choristoma in a less common location and concurrently acts as a review of this rare condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current algorithms for assessing risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and, in particular, the reliance on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in conditions where this measurement is discordant with apoB and LDL-particle concentrations fail to identify a sizeable part of the population at high risk for adverse cardiovascular events. This results in missed opportunities for ASCVD prevention, most notably in those with metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and diabetes. There is substantial evidence that accumulation of ectopic fat and associated metabolic traits are markers for and pathogenic components of high-risk atherosclerosis. Conceptually, the subset of advanced lesions in high-risk atherosclerosis that triggers vascular complications is closely related to a set of coordinated high-risk traits clustering around a distinct metabolic phenotype. A key feature of this phenotype is accumulation of ectopic fat, which, coupled with age-related muscle loss, creates a milieu conducive for the development of ASCVD: atherogenic dyslipidemia, nonresolving inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, hyperinsulinemia, and impaired fibrinolysis. Sustained vascular inflammation, a hallmark of high-risk atherosclerosis, impairs plaque stabilization in this phenotype. This review describes how metabolic and inflammatory processes that are promoted in large measure by ectopic adiposity, as opposed to subcutaneous adipose tissue, relate to the pathogenesis of high-risk atherosclerosis. Clinical biomarkers indicative of these processes provide incremental information to standard risk factor algorithms and advanced lipid testing identifies atherogenic lipoprotein patterns that are below the discrimination level of standard lipid testing. This has the potential to enable improved identification of high-risk patients who are candidates for therapeutic interventions aimed at prevention of ASCVD.

Background: Neuroglial heterotopia, characterized by mature -neuroglial tissue outside the central nervous system, has not been previously associated with cranioschisis. Case Report: A 4-year-old female patient, with left congenital anophthalmia, had a nasofrontal neuroglial heterotopia protruding through an ossification defect. Discussion: Nasofrontal cranioschisis may be associated with neuroglial heterotopias. The combination of anophthalmia and neuroglial heterotopia, previously described only once in the literature, may be part of a broader malformation spectrum that has not been properly characterized to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ectopic adrenal tissue, defined as the formation of adrenal tissue in an abnormal anatomical location, is not a rare entity and may have clinical significance. Even though the mechanism for their emergence has not been fully understood, numerous cases of ectopic adrenal tissue have been reported, mostly in the vicinity of the original location of adrenal gland, such as in kidneys and gonads. In these cases, most authors attributed their emergence to a probable migration defect. However, this mechanism does not simply explain the ectopic tissues in remote locations, such as in the hypophysis or lungs. This review summarizes these reports, describing many different locations in which ectopic adrenal tissues were encountered, together with their suggested mechanisms.

We report a case of a 26-year-old male patient with an incidental finding of a flesh-colored tumor with few vellus hairs on its surface, located on the fornix and the tarsal conjunctiva of the left lower eyelid. Histology of the biopsy showed a choristoma consisting of abundant vellus hairs, sebaceous glands, and sparse lacrimal gland tissue. Recognition of conjunctival vellus hairs is significant and raises the suspected diagnosis of choristoma, which can be confirmed by a small sample biopsy. A complete excision is unnecessary and possible surgical complications can be prevented. Choristomas of the tarsal conjunctiva are very rare and, to our knowledge, this is the first histological documentation of a choristoma containing vellus hair located on the tarsal conjunctiva. In addition, we review the histopathological findings of choristomas and their differential diagnoses.

Abstract Background Neuromuscular choristoma (NMC) is a rare peripheral nerve lesion that is composed of ectopic mature muscle fibers and nerve fascicles, typically involving major nerve roots or trunks, such as the cranial nerves, brachial plexus, and sciatic nerves. The onset of NMC frequently occurs in the first decade of life. Here, we present the first documented case of a case of esophageal NMC in an adult patient. Case presentation A 46-year-old male patient presented in 2018 with a submucosal tumor of the esophagus. Upon presentation, the tumor was approximately 10 mm in diameter, covered by normal mucosa, and located in the left posterior wall of the esophagus in a position that was 30 cm from the incisor. The tumor was discovered incidentally during gastroscopic examination. In March 2021, endoscopic re-examination revealed no significant changes in the tumor. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed an oval hypoechoic mass with a homogeneous internal echo that originated from the muscularis propria with a maximum cross section of 13 mm × 6 mm. Resection was performed under gastroscopy. The resection specimen was 12 mm × 5 mm in size and was a well-demarcated, elastic, hard, and tough with a gray section. Histologically, the specimen consisted of an abundance of smooth muscle fiber bundles intercalated among nerve fibers, but without malignancy. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed positivity for S-100 protein, caldesmon, NSE and desmin, but negativity for CD117, DOG-1, HMB45, and Melan A. There was also aberrant nuclear localization of beta-catenin. Collectively, these findings led to a diagnosis of esophageal NMC. Conclusions NMC is extremely rare, especially esophageal NMC, and is very challenging to accurately diagnose prior to resection. It is important that we can differentiate NMC from other types of tumors.

Salivary gland choristomas have been described in the middle ear but tend not to involve the external auditory canal. A 6-year-old boy with situs inversus totalis presented with congenital hearing loss in the left ear due to external auditory canal atresia. High resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone demonstrated a soft tissue obstruction of the external auditory canal with a normal middle ear. Histopathologically, this was a salivary gland choristoma. Post operatively the patient had a facial nerve palsy. Salivary gland choristomas of middle ear have been reported, but have not been described with external auditory canal atresia and situs inversus totalis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report a case with bilateral corneal arcus and bilateral choroidal osteoma associated with H syndrome., Methods: Descriptive case report., Results: A 16-year-old girl with H syndrome was followed up in the pediatric nephrology clinic for chronic renal failure and was consulted to the ophthalmology clinic. She had low vision for more than 5 years. Slit lamp examination revealed bilateral corneal arcus . Lens and iris were normal. Axial length was 19.99 mm in the right eye and 21.85 mm in the left eye. A bilateral orange-yellow plaque was noted in the posterior pole in the funduscopic examination. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) showed a bilateral diffuse macular hipoautofluorescence area in correspondence with the decalcified portion of the mass. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a bilateral choroidal mass with a dome-shaped pushing effect on the overlying retina and damage to the outer layers of the retina. Fluorescein angiography (FA) with bilateral patchy diffuse late hyperfluorescence and B scan ultrasonography showed a bilateral solid highly reflective choroidal mass with acoustic shadowing. Orbital computerized tomography (CT) scans showed bilateral hyperdense plaques in the posterior pole. A diagnosis of choroidal osteomas was made for both eyes., Conclusions: This report presents a case with bilateral corneal arcus and bilateral choroidal osteoma associated with H syndrome that has not been previously reported in the literature. Patients diagnosed with this syndrome should undergo routine eye examination, and due to the progressive nature of histiocytosis, they should also be followed closely ophthalmologically., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Purpose: Dermoid excision combined with lamellar keratoplasty was one of the most common surgical techniques for corneal dermoid. Due to the huge shortage of corneal donors, small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) derived lenticules might be the novel and feasible corneal grafts instead of traditional corneal donors. Therefore, we tried to use FG boned multi-layer lenticules as grafts in the treatment of corneal dermoid., Methods: Five patients (the oldest patient was 54 years old and the youngest case was 5 years old) were diagnosed with corneal dermoid and complaining of blurred vision or unsatisfied cosmetic appearance. All patients underwent corneal dermoid excision combined with FG boned multi-layer corneal lenticules transplantation. Slit-lamp microscopy and anterior-segmental optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT)were used to observe ocular appearance, corneal grafts survival, epithelialization, transparency, interlamellar fluid accumulation and the degradation of FG. The preoperative and postoperative change of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and astigmatism were respectively recorded., Results: All patients were satisfied with the postoperative cosmetic results. BCVA had been increased and astigmatism had been decreased in all cases. We observed that the FG boned multi-layer corneal lenticules were covered with smooth corneal epithelium in one week after transplantation and successfully adhered to the corneal beds, without any dislocation or interlayer separation. FG was gradually degraded and absorbed within 1 month after surgery. The lenticule grafts grew well without rejection and kept transparency during the follow-up period., Conclusions: FG boned multi-layer lenticules would be the novel and feasible substitute for lamellar keratoplasty in the treatment of corneal dermoid. FG could not be only used as binder adhering multi-layer lenticules, closing the interlayer space of multi-layer lenticules, preventing the formation of interlayer fluid, but also increasing the thickness and toughness of lenticules, and therefore which is more facilitate to intraoperative suture.

We report a case of a 40-year-old Japanese woman with a benign tongue tumor diagnosed as osseous choristoma of the tongue. Resection of the tongue tumor was performed under general anesthesia. The gross examination of the resected specimen showed a bone-like mass measuring 5 × 5 × 3 mm, surrounded by soft tissue. Based on the findings, a histopathological diagnosis of osseous choristoma was established. There was no evidence of tumor recurrence or distant metastasis during the 3-year follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have investigated the association between ectopic fat from different depots and cardiovascular risk scores and their components in the same population, and none have investigated these relations in South Asians. In a cross-sectional analysis of 796 participants in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study who had measurements of visceral, subcutaneous, pericardial, hepatic, and intermuscular fat from abdominal and cardiac computed tomography scans, we used linear regression to determine the associations of 1 standard deviation difference in each ectopic fat depot with pooled cohort risk score and its components. Pericardial and visceral fat were more strongly associated with the pooled cohort risk score (3.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5 to 3.7, and 2.7%, 95% CI 2.1 to 3.3, respectively) and components than intermuscular fat (2.3%, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.0); subcutaneous fat was inversely associated with the pooled cohort risk score (-2.6%, 95% CI -3.2 to 1.9) and hepatic fat attenuation was not linearly associated with the pooled cohort risk score when mutually adjusted (-0.3%, 95% CI -0.9 to 0.4). Associations for risk factor components differed by fat depot. In conclusion, subcutaneous and hepatic fat may have different functions than fat stored in other depots in South Asians. Determining whether these relations are heterogeneous by race may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying CVD disparities.

We describe the case of a nine-month-old patient with a nasopharyngeal choristoma. The case presented includes the retrospective review of the historical, radiological, surgical and histological assessment of this pathology as well as a literature review of this entity. This case was presented in an infant with difficulty feeding, nasal obstruction and failure to thrive, evaluated with flexible nasal endoscopy, CT and MRI. The lesion was then surgically removed without complications. Nasopharyngeal choristoma is a rare congenital non-malignant mass, which may present within a range of symptoms and severity according to its size, growth and location.

A 66-years-old female presented with impaired hearing of two-year duration and a recent ear discharge. High-resolution computed tomography and intra-operative findings showed a mass lesion in the right middle ear cavity that was unconnected with the brain. A histopathological diagnosis of glial heterotopia was made and an etiopathogenic hypothesis was analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnant is a rare congenital developmental anomaly typically located on the lateral neck. Histologically, it has the appearance of an accessory tragus demonstrating a central cartilaginous core with surrounding fibrosis located in the subcutaneous tissue. In order to address the clinical and therapeutic aspects of cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants in children, a 6-year-old boy who presents with bilateral hard cervical masses at the lower region of the neck is presented. Chondrocutaneous branchial remnant is a very rare cervical lesion in children, and surgical excision is the only choice of treatment. Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnant has been associated with a variety of congenital anomalies, particularly involving the auditory, cardiovascular, and visual systems. Despite bilateral occurrence of cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnant, our patient had no cardiac or genitourinary anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choristoma, a salivary gland tumor, may localize at unforeseen locations. Since 1961 when it was first described, roughly 50 cases of choristoma have been accounted for, including 30 cases among pediatric-adolescents. The patient in this current study is a girl of 14 years of age. She was admitted to a tertiary otolaryngology polyclinic with right-sided hearing problems and aural fullness complaint. Her average airway hearing level measured using the pure tone audiometry hearing test was 70 dB, whereas the bone conduction pure tone average was 6 dB. A high-resolution computerized tomography of the temporal bone demonstrated a mass behind the intact tympanic membrane. The tumor was excised entirely over the facial nerves tympanic part of the facial nerve with careful dissection. Histopathological examination revealed the tumor to be a salivary gland choristoma. In this article, we present the case of a 14-year-old girl with unilateral conductive hearing loss caused by salivary gland choristoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]