Search

This study aimed to examine the association of chronic disease with depressive symptoms, while taking emotion regulation as a moderator, and to further explore gender and grade differences in the moderating effects of emotion regulation among Chinese adolescents. An extensive online survey was carried out in northwestern China. Our analyses included a total of 20,432 students. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between chronic disease and depressive symptoms, as well as the impact of emotion regulation on these associations. This study discovered that chronic disease could significantly increase depressive symptoms in adolescents [β = 0.108, 95% CI (0.096, 0.120)]. Suppression strengthened the relationship between chronic disease and depressive symptoms [β = 0.116, 95% CI (0.104, 0.128), p < 0.001]. The positive moderating effects of reappraisal were only found in girls [β = -0.022, 95% CI (-0.041, -0.004)], whereas its reversed moderating impact was observed in boys [β = 0.022, 95% CI (0.006, 0.037)]. In terms of grade difference, suppression was significant only for middle school and high school students. Chronic disease is the risk factor for depressive symptoms among adolescents in northwestern China. Suppression and reappraisal moderated this relationship in different ways depending on gender and grade. The mental health of adolescents with chronic diseases should be closely monitored. Relative interventions aimed at improving emotion regulation may effectively reduce depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Method Results Discussion The present longitudinal study examined sex‐specific, symptom‐level relationships among emotion regulation (ER), interpersonal problems (IP), and eating disorder (ED) psychopathology in a large sample of Chinese adolescents.Data were from a project with four waves of data collection (N = 1540; 710 boys and 830 girls) at 6‐month intervals over 18 months. Questionnaires assessed ED psychopathology, ER, and IP at each wave of data collection. Longitudinal network analyses were conducted separately for boys and girls. Sex differences in the network structures were also examined.The results revealed pronounced heterogeneity in the presentation of ED psychopathology, ER, and IP across Chinese adolescent boys and girls longitudinally and intra‐individually. For example, weight/shape preoccupation in ED psychopathology and awareness in ER emerged as important nodes in the temporal network for boys. However, weight/shape preoccupation and dissatisfaction in ED psychopathology were identified as the most important nodes in the temporal network for girls. Regarding bridge strength, awareness in ER emerged as the node with the highest connectivity in the temporal network for boys. At the same time, weight/shape dissatisfaction in ED psychopathology was the node with the highest connectivity for girls.The current study extended network theory to better understand the longitudinal interplay among ER, IP, and ED psychopathology in Chinese adolescents and their sex differences in the importance of symptoms. Such insights may pave the way for developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies for adolescent boys and girls in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is robust evidence that social relationships are positively associated with self-esteem, but little is known about how changes in social relationships and self-esteem are associated within individuals. This longitudinal study examined the within-person association between social relationships and self-esteem and the association across developmental stages and gender. A total of 1,240 middle and high school Chinese students (636 girls; initial Mage = 13.4 years) completed measures of self-esteem and paternal, maternal, peer attachment, and teacher-student relationship three times over one year (five-month and six-month interval). Random intercept cross-lagged panel models indicated that bidirectional, within-person association between social relationships and self-esteem among adolescents varied depending on relationship sources, developmental stages, and gender. Specifically, within-person effects indicated that increases in social relationships predicted increases in self-esteem among early adolescents, while increases in self-esteem predicted increases in social relationships among middle adolescents. Moreover, within-person effects suggested that increases in maternal attachment and teacher-student relationship predicted increases in self-esteem among early male adolescents, while increases in teacher-student relationships and paternal attachment predicted increases in self-esteem among early female adolescents. These findings have important theoretical implications regarding the association between self-esteem and social relationships in adolescents and practical implications for improving adolescents’ self-esteem and social relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Values and personality are interrelated, multifactorial constructs that represent different aspects of the Self. The intricate relationships between personality and value have seldom been explored using appropriate person-centered approaches. In this study, latent profile analyses were performed to examine the personality-value relationships of 2886 Chinese adolescents as measured by established inventories. The LPA results for the five-factor personality traits of neuroticism, openness, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness yielded four distinct profiles: "Reserved and Undependable" (4.26%), "Sunny but Self-centered" (5.02%), "Emotional but Cooperative" (18.57%), and "Average" (72.14%). The LPA results for the eight-factor values of egalitarianism, collectivism, compliance, family, friendship, self-transcendence, fashion, and hedonism yielded three distinct profiles: "Rebels" (32.92%), "Moderates" (42.86%), and "Role Models" (24.22%). Subsequent analyses revealed significant associations between the personality profiles and the value profiles. Specifically, the "Reserved and Undependable" tended to associate with the "Rebels," whereas the "Emotional but Cooperative" tended to associate with the "Role Models." Besides, the findings also uncovered the rebellious and apathetic tendencies among Chinese adolescents. Research implications and future directions were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in the acquisition, maintenance, and treatment of various psychopathologies highlights the critical need for reliable assessment tools. However, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (Short Form) for Children (IUSC-12), a recently developed self-reported questionnaire specifically designed to assess IU in children and adolescents, has received limited examination, particularly in non-Western countries. This current study aims to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the IUSC-12 (CIUSC-12) in 5672 Chinese adolescents. Confirmatory factor analyses favored the bifactor model for the CIUSC-12, showing stable gender invariance. Moreover, the CIUSC-12 demonstrated robust reliability and exhibited favorable convergent validity and predictive validity through its correlations with measures of anxiety and depression. These findings collectively support the CIUSC-12 as a well-validated measure and a promising tool for assessing IU in Chinese adolescents. Using the total score of the CIUSC-12 is recommended for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the well-established associations between adolescents' internalizing symptoms and career development, it still remains unclear whether adolescents' internalizing symptoms are precursors or consequences of their career adaptability/ambivalence. Subtler nuance inherent within such association also await to be revealed, because internalizing symptoms and career development have been primarily treated as broad constructs, despite the multifaceted nature of both. To narrow such gaps, this study examined the potentially dynamic associations among career adaptability, career ambivalence, and internalizing symptoms using three-wave longitudinal data. The study collected data from 3196 Chinese adolescents (52.72% girls, mean age = 15.56 years, SD = 0.58) at Wave 1, with 2820 (attrition rate = 11.76%) participating in Wave 2 and 2568 (attrition rate = 8.93%) in Wave 3. The measurement invariance suggested that there were no significant differences across both waves and genders. This study approached associations at both broader construct levels and subtler dimension levels. Results of cross-lagged path models at broader construct levels demonstrated a unidirectional association between internalizing symptoms and career adaptability. Results of models at subtler dimension levels indicated a series of transactional links over time between career adaptability dimensions/ambivalence and depressive symptoms in particular. Career adaptability dimensions and career ambivalence predicted later anxiety symptoms rather than the reverse. Group model comparisons showed no difference across waves and genders. These findings shed light on the dynamic nature of the associations during adolescence between career adaptability/ambivalence and internalizing symptoms, particularly at subtler dimensional levels, which should be considered in relevant clinical and educational practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effects of journaling-based interventions on perceived relationship quality (i.e., mother-adolescent interactions and conflict) and gratitude among Chinese adolescents (ages 12–14 years) and their mothers (N = 339 dyads). Mother-adolescent dyads were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (i.e., gratitude, affection, and control), and kept a daily journal on assigned topics for 21 days. Participants' mother-adolescent relationship quality and level of gratitude were measured before and after the 21-day period. The findings showed that both the gratitude and affection interventions had positive impacts on mother-adolescent relationship quality (i.e., more positive mother-adolescent interactions and less conflict) with a small to medium effect size for adolescents but no impact for mothers. Gratitude did not change from pre-to post-intervention. The current study provides some preliminary support for implementing gratitude and affection interventions with Chinese adolescents to promote relationship quality, but suggests that the intervention works better for adolescents than mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The roles of both parents' and children's educational expectations in shaping adolescent depressive symptoms have increasingly been discussed, yet in a separate manner. To date, few studies have associated parent–child mismatch in educational expectations with depressive symptoms, and less is known about the variation in the association across gender (male vs. female), educational level (primary vs. secondary), and region status (urban vs. rural) in the Chinese educational setting. Methods: Respondents were from a nationally representative sample of adolescent students in China (sample size: 1844; age range: 10–15 years). Parent–child mismatch in educational expectations included three categories: (1) "match", (2) "mismatch—parent higher", and (3) "mismatch—parent lower". Regression analysis with inverse propensity-score weighting was employed to estimate the effect of parent–child mismatch as to educational expectations on depressive symptoms, and stratified analysis was used to examine the variation of the effect by gender, educational level, and region. Results: Compared with the "match" group, the "mismatch—parent higher" group had significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the pattern remained consistent between boys and girls, but differed significantly by adolescents' educational level and region status. Specifically, the pattern was more pronounced in the primary school and urban subsamples. Conclusions: Findings in this study indicated that educators and policymakers can develop tailored strategies to alleviate depressive symptoms among the "mismatch—parent higher" group, and especially for those children from primary schools and urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a consensus that both nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation as risk factors for suicidal behavior have a strong connection. However, a lack of longitudinal information has limited the clarification of the concrete relationship between them. Aims: This study aimed to examine the specific mechanism between NSSI and suicidal ideation over time, during adolescence. Method: A longitudinal study was conducted with 193 Chinese adolescents. NSSI and suicidal ideations were examined over the course of a 1year followed-up, and three waves of data were collected. Results: The NSSI at time T1 significantly positively predicted suicidal ideation at time T2; Suicidal ideation at time T2 also significantly positively predicted NSSI at time T3. Limitations: Given that the small number of participants with suicidal ideation and NSSI, the findings of the study should be interpreted with caution and a lager sample is needed in the future. Conclusion: It was suggested that NSSI may occur before suicidal ideation, which in turn would strengthen NSSI, so interventions should be carried out from two aspects (behaviors and thoughts) to improve adolescents' mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have demonstrated that psychological needs frustration strongly influences adolescent depression. However, this influence's underlying mechanisms remain unknown, and related protective factors have not been identified. Based on an integration of basic psychological needs theory, the cognitive vulnerability model of depression, and findings regarding the link between psychological suzhi (a Chinese cultural construct that includes a hierarchical and integrated set of positive psychological qualities) and mental health, we assessed a structural equation model examining the mediating role of self-esteem and moderating role of psychological suzhi in the relationship between psychological needs frustration and depression. Participants were 1552 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.30, SD = 0.54, 49.10% male) who effectively completed paper-based questionnaires. The results indicated that psychological needs frustration significantly and positively predicted adolescent depression. Furthermore, the relationship between psychological needs frustration and depression was significantly mediated by self-esteem and significantly moderated by psychological suzhi; specifically, psychological suzhi buffered the association between psychological needs frustration and adolescents' depression. Additionally, we provide further evidence for the relationship between psychological needs frustration and depression, revealing the relevant underlying mechanisms and protective factors; these findings have practical relevance in the prevention and treatment of Chinese adolescents' depression. Highlights: Psychological needs frustration significantly and positively predicted adolescent depression. Self-esteem played a mediating role between psychological needs frustration and depression. Psychological suzhi played a moderating role in the association between psychological needs frustration and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the critical period of personality shaping and self-development, adolescents face unique challenges and opportunities. This study, based on Cognitive-Behavioral Theory, explored the relationship between shyness and self-consistency and congruence (hereinafter referred to as SCC), as well as its underlying mechanisms. Through a questionnaire survey on shyness, social comparison orientation, self-focused attention, and SCC among 984 adolescents, the results revealed that (1) Adolescent shyness negatively predicted SCC. (2) Social comparison orientation partially mediated the relationship between shyness and SCC. (3) Self-focused attention moderated the direct pathway of this mediation process, where a high level of self-focused attention exacerbated the negative impact of shyness on SCC. These findings offered a new perspective on understanding SCC and underscored the importance of addressing the information processing mechanisms of social comparison orientation and self-focused attention among shy adolescents in interventions aimed at promoting their psychological harmony and healthy growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the complex relationships between personality traits, bullying perpetration, and victimization among Chinese adolescents, emphasizing the moderating role of sex. Data from 2,342 participants across two educational institutions in China were analyzed using Bayesian Gaussian Graphical Model (BGGM) to identify variable-level network structures among specific personality traits, bullying perpetration, and victimization across different sexes. The findings reveal a consistent inhibitory role of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness on both bullying perpetration and victimization. In contrast, the effects of Openness, Neuroticism, and Extraversion on bullying dynamics are inconsistent. Additionally, a significant overlap between bullying perpetration and victimization was observed, with most types of bullying being positively correlated. The network structure also indicates significant sex differences, suggesting that sex not only moderates the relationships between personality traits and bullying behaviors but also between specific types of bullying perpetration and victimization. These results underscore the importance of psychological network analysis in revealing complex patterns within bullying phenomena and advocate for its expanded use to achieve a deeper understanding of the issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social touch promotes psychological well‐being through inducing positive effects on social affiliation and stress alleviation, especially in adolescence. However, there is a scarcity of instruments available for evaluating adolescents' attitude toward social touch in China. The present study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Social Touch Questionnaire (STQ) in Chinese adolescents. A total of 2839 high school students were enrolled, ranging in age from 11 to 19 years. The dimensions of the scale were conducted by exploratory factor analysis, and validated by confirmatory factor analysis. A three‐factor model showed the best fit and consisted of the following subgroups: liking of informal social touch, liking of general social touch, and dislike of social touch. Furthermore, positive associations were found between social touch and interaction anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and sleep quality. Short‐term prediction of dislike of social touch in anxiety symptoms was determined, while no significant predictor of depressive symptoms was found. The STQ demonstrates reliability and validity as a self‐report questionnaire designed to assess behaviors and attitudes toward social touch. It effectively adapts to the nuances of the Chinese context among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hope has been identified as an important contributor to adaptive coping and overall wellbeing. However, there are mixed results regarding the relation between friend social support and hope in adolescents. The current study aimed to extend prior work by examining not only the direct effect of friend social support and adolescents' levels of hope, but also the indirect effect via multiple dimensions of emotional intelligence. The longitudinal relations between friend social support, hope and emotional intelligence were analysed using cross-lagged models. The sample was 910 adolescents with a mean age of 13.86 in Hong Kong, a special administrative region in China. Findings of this study showed that friend social support predicted hope in adolescents, and this relationship was partially mediated by self-emotion appraisal, use of emotion, and regulation of emotion. This study contributed by providing an additional explanation on the psychological mechanism between social support and hope for adolescents in the Chinese context. The results also have practical significance by implying interventions focused on increasing social support and emotional intelligence to enhance levels of hope in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While family functioning is crucial to adolescent developmental outcomes, the mediating role of spirituality in the relationship between family functioning and academic-related outcomes of adolescents has been sparsely explored, particularly in non-Western contexts. To address this gap, based on a short-term longitudinal study, we examined the influence of family functioning on the academic values and academic anxiety of 4,981 Chinese adolescents in Sichuan, China, with spirituality as the mediator. We gathered data from students aged 11 and above at Wave 1 and at six months later (Wave 2). Analysis utilizing structural equation modeling indicated that prior family functioning positively and negatively predicted subsequent academic values and academic anxiety respectively, with spirituality as a significant mediator. Theoretically, this study helps to build up a conceptual model on how family functioning and spirituality of adolescents shape academic values and academic anxiety of adolescents. Practically, the present findings highlight the significance of enhancing family functioning and adolescent spirituality to help adolescents strive for academic success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parent–child separation threatens the perceived mutual trust in parent–child relationships and child developmental outcomes. Even though pioneering researchers have examined the development of children living apart from their parents, few studies have investigated the perceived mutual trust in the parent–child relationship and child developmental outcomes in boarding schools resulting from temporary parent–child separations. To determine perceived mutual trust, the content of conversations, feelings related to the use of mobile phones in parent–child conversations, and the effects thereof on child developmental outcomes, we adopted a cross-sectional survey of 1136 boarding school students recruited by a multi-stage stratified random-sampling approach from different districts in Sichuan, China. The data were analyzed with multiple regression analyses. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that a child's perceived mutual trust is positively associated with their developmental outcomes, in addition to partially validating the moderating effect on the content of mobile phone conversations and feelings related to mobile phone conversations. This research provides empirical evidence regarding the influence of perceived parent–child mutual trust on boarding students and their developmental outcomes in the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of three types of bullying victimization (relational, verbal, and physical) on attitudes toward anti-bullying, moderated by the role of parental support. The data used in this study were obtained from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018, a survey conducted by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) that included responses from 11,990 Chinese adolescents aged 15 years. Multivariate regression modeling and the Johnson–Neyman technique were used to examine the moderating effect of parental support on the relationship between the three types of bullying victimization and attitudes toward bullying. The results indicated that the three types of bullying victimization were significantly and positively correlated with students' anti-bullying attitudes. Furthermore, parental support moderated the relationship between the three types of bullying victimization and anti-bullying attitudes. Specifically, when the value of parental support was less than 84.215, 81.728, and 69.878, relational, verbal, and physical bullying victimization, respectively, had a significant positive effect on adolescents' anti-bullying attitudes through the moderating effect of parental support. These findings suggest that parents should provide care and support to children who are victims of bullying. Highlights: Three types of bullying victimization (relational, verbal, and physical) were positively correlated with students' anti-bullying attitudes. Parental support moderated the relationship between the three types of bullying victimization and anti-bullying attitudes. This moderating effect was present only for Chinese adolescents' anti-bullying attitudes when parental social support was low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown that socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) is a critical predictor of depression. However, few studies have explored the mechanisms underlying the effects of SPP on depression in Chinese adolescents. Accordingly, the current study aims to explore the relationship between SPP and depression among Chinese adolescents, including the mediating roles of academic pressure, and the moderating role of hope. A total of 3,510 Chinese adolescents in high school (15.56 ± 1.14 years old) participated in the current research by responding to questionnaires on completing measures of SPP, academic pressure, hope and depression. After controlling for gender and age, the results showed that SPP significantly and positively predicted depression, and that academic pressure mediated the link between SPP and depression. In addition, the mediating effect was moderated by hope. Compared with those with high levels of hope, academic pressure had a weaker positive predictive effect on depression than in those with low levels of hope. These findings deepen the explanation of depression formation mechanisms from a personality perspective and have important theoretical and practical implications for the prevention and intervention of adolescent depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThe association between the rapid increase in myopia among adolescents and the amount of outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between outdoor ALAN and myopia in adolescents.MethodsStratified cluster random sampling was used to obtain a sample of 33,160 students (age range: 9–18 years; mean: 13.51 years) with complete data from 120 primary and secondary schools across the Ningxia region in China in 2021. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) ≤−0.5 diopters (D) in at least one eye, determined by automated refractometers without cycloplegia. Outdoor ALAN data were obtained from satellite data and the two-year average outdoor ALAN exposure for each participant was determined by matching it to their school address (home addresses were not available). The association between ALAN and myopia was assessed using multiple logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression. Stratified analyses were performed by age, sex, residence, school level, and outdoor exercise time.ResultsThe myopia group had higher outdoor ALAN levels than the non-myopia group [median (interquartile spacing): 14.44 (3.88–26.56) vs. 6.95 (1.21–21.74) nanoWatts/cm2/sr]. After adjusting for covariates identified through stepwise regression, it was observed that the prevalence of myopia increased by 4% for every 10-unit change [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.07]. Compared to the first quantile (Q1) of outdoor ALAN exposure, the odds ratio (OR) of myopia was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.08–1.34) in the fourth quantile. RCS further showed a positive nonlinear relationship between outdoor ALAN exposure and myopia (p for nonlinear

Popularity is of great developmental significance to early adolescents for its implications on behavioral and adjustment outcomes. Although extensive research on popularity has been conducted in Western cultures, little is known about Chinese adolescents’ indigenous understanding of popularity. The current study examined Chinese early adolescents’ understanding of popularity using focus group interviews to explore the characteristics of popularity and unpopularity, as well as popularity determinants for boys and girls. We conducted interviews on six focus groups comprising 37 Chinese fifth and sixth graders (18 boys, 19 girls). Transcriptions were coded and analyzed through developing coding schemes that included emerged codes and categories. The results showed both cross-cultural similarities and culturally specific findings in adolescents’ perceptions of popularity characteristics and determinants. Specifically, sociability, academic performance, and prosocial behaviors served as major characteristics of popularity, whereas aggressive and disruptive behaviors were regarded as typical attributes of unpopularity. More importantly, culturally unique aspects of popularity characteristics were reported by Chinese adolescents, such as a strong sense of collective honor. When responding what would make a peer popular, Chinese early adolescents reported various behavioral, social, and cultural factors. Findings of this study underscore the importance of examining perceptions of popularity in consideration of the cultural context.

Abstract Background Although abundant evidence has confirmed cyberbullying as a global online risk, little is known about the coping strategies employed by victims and those who experiencing bullying. A validated scale for coping with cyberbullying could inform evidence-based social services and enable comparative studies of this phenomenon among victims from different backgrounds. This study aims to validate the Coping Strategies for Victims of Cyberbullying (CSVC) scale among Chinese adolescents and to compare its effectiveness between victims and bully-victims (individuals with dual roles). Methods A 25-item CSVC scale was translated and adapted for cultural relevance in the Chinese context. A sample of 1,716 adolescents, aged 13–18 years, from two middle schools and one high school in China, was recruited. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted. Results The EFA revealed that the Chinese version of the CSVC scale had satisfactory validity. The CFA demonstrated a good fit for the eight-factor model in assessing different coping strategies for cyberbullying. Differences in the selection of coping strategies were observed between the general adolescent population and sexual and gender minorities. Conclusions Future intervention studies may use this validated scale to educate adolescents, both those affected by cyberbullying and those who are not, to learn a broader range of coping strategies and to choose more effective ones.

Abstract Background Although previous studies have found that parenting style significantly predicts emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) among Chinese adolescents, the mechanism between different parenting styles and EBPs requires in-depth investigation. In our study, we aimed to investigate the mediating effect of resilience, a positive psychological characteristic, between parenting style and EBPs among Chinese adolescents. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we used a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method to collect data in Shenyang, Liaoning Province from November to December 2019. Self-developed questionnaires were distributed to 1028 adolescents aged 10–18. Finally, the study consisted of 895 participants. The bootstrap method was used to investigate the role of resilience as a mediator in the relationship between different parenting styles and EBPs from a positive psychology perspective. Results The mean score of EBPs was 12.71 (SD = 5.77). After controlling for variables such as gender, age, left-behind children, family type and family income, resilience partially played a mediating role in the associations of paternal rejection (a × b = 0.051 BCa95%CI:0.023,0.080), maternal rejection (a × b = 0.055 BCa95%CI: 0.024, 0.086), paternal emotional warmth (a × b = -0.139 BCa95%CI: -0.182, -0.099) and maternal emotional warmth (a × b = -0.140 BCa95%CI: -0.182, -0.102), with EBPs. The effect sizes were11.28%, 11.51%, 40.76%, and 38.78%, respectively. Conclusions Resilience could partially mediate the relationship between parenting style and EBPs, highlighting that parents should adopt a positive parenting style and that resilience improvement could be effective in reducing EBPs among Chinese adolescents.

Background: Although abundant evidence has confirmed cyberbullying as a global online risk, little is known about the coping strategies employed by victims and those who experiencing bullying. A validated scale for coping with cyberbullying could inform evidence-based social services and enable comparative studies of this phenomenon among victims from different backgrounds. This study aims to validate the Coping Strategies for Victims of Cyberbullying (CSVC) scale among Chinese adolescents and to compare its effectiveness between victims and bully-victims (individuals with dual roles). Methods: A 25-item CSVC scale was translated and adapted for cultural relevance in the Chinese context. A sample of 1,716 adolescents, aged 13–18 years, from two middle schools and one high school in China, was recruited. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted. Results: The EFA revealed that the Chinese version of the CSVC scale had satisfactory validity. The CFA demonstrated a good fit for the eight-factor model in assessing different coping strategies for cyberbullying. Differences in the selection of coping strategies were observed between the general adolescent population and sexual and gender minorities. Conclusions: Future intervention studies may use this validated scale to educate adolescents, both those affected by cyberbullying and those who are not, to learn a broader range of coping strategies and to choose more effective ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self- and group orientations represent distinct ways of perceiving the relations between the world and the self and are relevant to adolescents' development. Most of the existing studies in this area are cross-sectional, providing little information about how self- and group orientations develop. This 3-year longitudinal study examined the developmental patterns of self- and group orientations and their relations with adjustment among Chinese adolescents. The participants included 1,257 students (648 boys, initial Mage = 13.37 years, SD = 0.63 years). Data on self- and group orientations and social and behavioral adjustment were obtained from multiple sources, including self-reports, peer nominations, and teacher ratings. The results showed that self-orientation increased, and group orientation decreased during early adolescence. Moreover, an increase (slope) in self-orientation was positively associated with subsequent assertive behavior, whereas a slower decrease in group orientation was positively associated with subsequent prosocial behavior and peer preference. The initial level (intercept) of self-orientation was positively associated with later externalizing problems, and the initial level of group orientation was negatively associated with later internalizing problems. The intercepts of self- and group orientations were higher for boys than girls. No significant gender differences were found in the slopes of self- and group orientations or in the associations of intercepts and slopes with adjustment outcomes. The results indicated different developmental patterns of self- and group orientations and their different implications for adjustment in Chinese adolescents. Public Significance Statement: This study advances our understanding about the development of self- and group orientations during early adolescence and its implications for adolescents' adjustment in China. Educators, professionals, and parents should consider an integrative approach to help adolescents cope with challenges in adjustment from a developmental perspective. The results inform efforts to promote adaptive functioning of adolescents in the contemporary Chinese society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought many challenges to youth development. During this specific period, adolescents have suffered from numerous behavioral problems, which will lead to more maladaptive consequences. It is necessary to explore several protective factors to prevent or reduce the occurrence of problem behaviors in adolescence. The current study combined school resources and self-control to evaluate the multiple protective effects on adolescents' problematic behaviors in a two-wave longitudinal study. A sample of 789 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.00 years, SD = 2.05, 418 boys) were recruited via the random cluster sampling method to participate in the survey. The results confirmed the assumptions about the multiple protective effects of school resources and self-control on adolescents' problem behaviors. Specifically, school resources could negatively predict IGD and victimization, and self-control mediated these associations. Moreover, one problematic behavior could also mediate the associations between self-control and another problematic behavior. This is the first study to focus on the multiple protective effects of positive factors on adolescents' problem behaviors during the post-pandemic period, which has made several contributions to the literature and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the association between parental phubbing and adolescents' smartphone addiction, the mediating role of depression, and the moderating role of perceived school climate in the association. Seven hundred forty-two Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.97, SD = 0.64, 45.55 percent female) were recruited and self-reported questionnaires were administered. Results indicated that parental phubbing was positively associated with adolescents' smartphone addiction. Depression partially mediated the above relation. Further, perceived school climate moderated the relation between parental phubbing and depression, such that the positive association between parental phubbing and depression was stronger among adolescents who perceived their school climate as more negative (vs. positive). The findings deepened our understanding of the relation between parenting behaviors and adolescents' smartphone addiction and implications for interventions and practices were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic procrastination is a common concern among adolescents, but the correlation between shyness and academic procrastination and the internal mechanisms have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Based on a questionnaire survey with 1,279 Chinese middle school students, this study examined the effect of shyness on academic procrastination and its underlying mechanism of self-regulation and self-focused attention. Results revealed that: (1) shyness significantly predicted academic procrastination. (2) Self-regulation mediated the relationship between shyness and academic procrastination. (3) Self-focused attention played a moderating role in the first half of this mediation process. Specifically, higher level of self-focused attention strengthened the predictive effect of shyness on self-regulation. These results underscored the latent risks and protective factors associated with shyness, self-regulation, and self-focused attention in adolescent academic procrastination. In future research and interventions, attention may be directed towards improving individual internal factors to assist adolescents in effectively addressing issues related to academic procrastination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subjective well-being is an important indicator of adolescents' positive development. Although the general developmental trends of subjective well-being in adolescents have been investigated, the longitudinal differences in the developmental trajectory of subjective well-being in early adolescents remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the developmental trajectory of subjective well-being and examine the predictive roles of gender and parental involvement in this developmental trajectory among Chinese early adolescents. A longitudinal design was used with 2,483 middle students who were followed up across three time points (T1, T2 and T3). The growth mixture model (GMM) analysis showed three subgroups within the developmental trajectory of the subjective well-being of Chinese early adolescents: high-rising (53.3%), moderate-decline (39.7%) and low-decline (7.0%). Furthermore, group membership was predicted by gender, parental academic involvement and parental academic pressure. These findings suggest that it is necessary to implement normative and effective interventions for the different development trajectories of the subjective well-being of early adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although previous studies have found that parenting style significantly predicts emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) among Chinese adolescents, the mechanism between different parenting styles and EBPs requires in-depth investigation. In our study, we aimed to investigate the mediating effect of resilience, a positive psychological characteristic, between parenting style and EBPs among Chinese adolescents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method to collect data in Shenyang, Liaoning Province from November to December 2019. Self-developed questionnaires were distributed to 1028 adolescents aged 10–18. Finally, the study consisted of 895 participants. The bootstrap method was used to investigate the role of resilience as a mediator in the relationship between different parenting styles and EBPs from a positive psychology perspective. Results: The mean score of EBPs was 12.71 (SD = 5.77). After controlling for variables such as gender, age, left-behind children, family type and family income, resilience partially played a mediating role in the associations of paternal rejection (a × b = 0.051 BCa95%CI:0.023,0.080), maternal rejection (a × b = 0.055 BCa95%CI: 0.024, 0.086), paternal emotional warmth (a × b = -0.139 BCa95%CI: -0.182, -0.099) and maternal emotional warmth (a × b = -0.140 BCa95%CI: -0.182, -0.102), with EBPs. The effect sizes were11.28%, 11.51%, 40.76%, and 38.78%, respectively. Conclusions: Resilience could partially mediate the relationship between parenting style and EBPs, highlighting that parents should adopt a positive parenting style and that resilience improvement could be effective in reducing EBPs among Chinese adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the cross-sectional relationships between reading-related affective and cognitive factors and reading skills among adolescents with and without dyslexia. Participants were 120 Chinese-speaking eighth graders, including 60 adolescents with dyslexia and 60 typically developing adolescents from Hong Kong, China. Adolescents completed questionnaires on general anxiety, reading anxiety, and reading self-concept. They were also assessed on measures of rapid digit naming, verbal working memory, word reading, reading fluency, and reading comprehension. The results showed that readers with dyslexia reported higher levels of general anxiety and reading anxiety and lower levels of reading self-concept than typical readers. They also showed difficulties in rapid digit naming and verbal working memory. Importantly, controlling for rapid digit naming and verbal working memory, reading self-concept was uniquely associated with word reading and reading fluency for readers with and without dyslexia. Furthermore, reading anxiety and reading self-concept were uniquely associated with reading comprehension for the two groups of readers. The findings point to the importance of considering affective factors when examining the reading skills of Chinese readers and the utility of targeting these factors when supporting the learning of adolescents with and without dyslexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the effect of parental emotion socialization behavior (ESB) on depressive symptoms with a focus on the mediating effect of emotion regulation and the moderating role of family cohesion. A total of 236 Chinese adolescents were surveyed and reported on parental ESB, family cohesion, emotion dysregulation, and depressive symptoms. The results indicated that parental ESB toward negative emotions was associated with adolescents' depressive symptoms, as mediated by emotion dysregulation. Moreover, higher levels of family cohesion both enhanced the negative relationships between supportive ESB toward anger/sadness and emotion dysregulation and strengthened the positive relationship between non-supportive parental ESB toward sadness and emotion dysregulation. These findings clarify the interactive effects of multiple components of emotional parenting, reveal the double-edged effects of family cohesion in the association between parental ESB and depressive symptoms in adolescents, and highlight the importance of evaluating the family emotional context in research and clinical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to test the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) among Chinese adolescents. This study involved 3510 Chinese students aged 11–18 years (Mage = 13.72 years, SD = 1.40). Data analysis consisted of classical item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficients, Pearson's correlations, and multi-group CFA. Results confirmed a three-factor (Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Striving [SOP-S], Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Critical [SOP-C], and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism [SPP]) 15-item model. SOP-S was positively correlated with self-esteem and life satisfaction, and negatively correlated with anxiety and depression. SOP-C and SPP were the opposite of SOP-S, except that SPP was not significantly related to life satisfaction. Acceptable levels of internal consistency were also obtained. Additionally, the measurement remained invariant across gender and grade. In conclusion, the Chinese version of the CAPS had good psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability and remained invariant across gender and grade levels in Chinese adolescents. The implications for research and clinical practice were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While family functioning is crucial to adolescent developmental outcomes, the mediating role of spirituality in the relationship between family functioning and academic-related outcomes of adolescents has been sparsely explored, particularly in non-Western contexts. To address this gap, based on a short-term longitudinal study, we examined the influence of family functioning on the academic values and academic anxiety of 4,981 Chinese adolescents in Sichuan, China, with spirituality as the mediator. We gathered data from students aged 11 and above at Wave 1 and at six months later (Wave 2). Analysis utilizing structural equation modeling indicated that prior family functioning positively and negatively predicted subsequent academic values and academic anxiety respectively, with spirituality as a significant mediator. Theoretically, this study helps to build up a conceptual model on how family functioning and spirituality of adolescents shape academic values and academic anxiety of adolescents. Practically, the present findings highlight the significance of enhancing family functioning and adolescent spirituality to help adolescents strive for academic success.

Abstract Purpose This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and related factors of peripheral and posterior pole retinal changes in highly myopic Chinese children and adolescents. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was designed. A total of 120 subjects with high myopia were recruited and underwent cycloplegic refraction, dilated fundus examination, and optical coherence tomography. A statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the factors associated with peripheral and posterior pole retinal changes. Results The mean spherical equivalent refraction of the subjects was − 8.74 ± 2.86 D, and the mean age was 11.45 ± 3.02 years. Snowflake retinal degeneration (27.5%), white without pressure (27.5%), snail-track degeneration (15%), and lattice degeneration (15%) were the most common peripheral retinal changes, while tessellated fundus (84.17%), optic nerve crescents (78.3%), and posterior staphyloma (11.7%) were the most common posterior changes. Subjects with peripheral changes were significantly older, with thinner choroids (OR = 1.194, 95% CI: 1.045–1.363, p = 0.009; OR = 0.993, 95% CI: 0.987–0.999, p = 0.022, respectively). Optic nerve crescents, tessellated fundus, and posterior scleral staphyloma were all associated with thin choroids (OR = 0.990, 95% CI: 0.983–0.997, p = 0.008; OR = 0.983, 95% CI: 0.974–0.991, p

Abstract Background With the advent of the new media era, the understanding of adolescent internet addiction needs to be enriched. It is also necessary to distinguish the related factors of adolescent internet addiction at different levels to clarify the mechanisms of this phenomenon. Methods This study used hierarchical linear model analysis to explore the effects of student-level factors and school-level factors on adolescent internet addiction, along with cross-level moderating effects. A total of 1,912 students between the 4th and 8th grades in China participated in the study. Participants completed the Self-Esteem Scale, Parents Phubbing Scale, Classroom Environment Scale, and the Diagnostic Questionnaire of Internet Addiction. Results Correlational analyses revealed that internet addiction was found to be negatively correlated with both self-esteem and the teacher-student relationship (p

Background: The roles of both parents’ and children’s educational expectations in shaping adolescent depressive symptoms have increasingly been discussed, yet in a separate manner. To date, few studies have associated parent–child mismatch in educational expectations with depressive symptoms, and less is known about the variation in the association across gender (male vs. female), educational level (primary vs. secondary), and region status (urban vs. rural) in the Chinese educational setting. Methods: Respondents were from a nationally representative sample of adolescent students in China (sample size: 1844; age range: 10–15 years). Parent–child mismatch in educational expectations included three categories: (1) “match”, (2) “mismatch—parent higher”, and (3) “mismatch—parent lower”. Regression analysis with inverse propensity-score weighting was employed to estimate the effect of parent–child mismatch as to educational expectations on depressive symptoms, and stratified analysis was used to examine the variation of the effect by gender, educational level, and region. Results: Compared with the “match” group, the “mismatch—parent higher” group had significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the pattern remained consistent between boys and girls, but differed significantly by adolescents’ educational level and region status. Specifically, the pattern was more pronounced in the primary school and urban subsamples. Conclusions: Findings in this study indicated that educators and policymakers can develop tailored strategies to alleviate depressive symptoms among the “mismatch—parent higher” group, and especially for those children from primary schools and urban areas.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and related factors of peripheral and posterior pole retinal changes in highly myopic Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was designed. A total of 120 subjects with high myopia were recruited and underwent cycloplegic refraction, dilated fundus examination, and optical coherence tomography. A statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the factors associated with peripheral and posterior pole retinal changes. Results: The mean spherical equivalent refraction of the subjects was − 8.74 ± 2.86 D, and the mean age was 11.45 ± 3.02 years. Snowflake retinal degeneration (27.5%), white without pressure (27.5%), snail-track degeneration (15%), and lattice degeneration (15%) were the most common peripheral retinal changes, while tessellated fundus (84.17%), optic nerve crescents (78.3%), and posterior staphyloma (11.7%) were the most common posterior changes. Subjects with peripheral changes were significantly older, with thinner choroids (OR = 1.194, 95% CI: 1.045–1.363, p = 0.009; OR = 0.993, 95% CI: 0.987–0.999, p = 0.022, respectively). Optic nerve crescents, tessellated fundus, and posterior scleral staphyloma were all associated with thin choroids (OR = 0.990, 95% CI: 0.983–0.997, p = 0.008; OR = 0.983, 95% CI: 0.974–0.991, p < 0.001; OR = 0.974, 95% CI: 0.960–0.987, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of the subjects had peripheral and posterior retinal changes. An increased risk of retinal changes was associated with high degrees of myopia, long axial lengths, thin choroids, and older ages among 7–16-year-old individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans need to accurately infer the intentions and feelings of others to engage in successful social interaction. However, the application of artificial intelligence technology in Education (AIEd) forms a human–machine collaborative environment which changed the interaction relationship of individuals, it may have an affect on them. This study aimed to explore whether AIEd affects adolescents' emotional perception. Combined with the actual teaching situation and the result of the questionnaire, 1332 students recruited through random sampling from AI Curriculum Reform Demonstration Schools in Guangzhou participated in this study. Different emotional priming stimulative materials (sentences and situational pictures) were used in the experiments. The task was designed to investigate adolescents' reaction time to emotional faces (positive, negative). After eliminating blank data and invalid data with response time greater than 150 ms, 977 and 962 valid data were included in the statistical analysis in experiment 1 and experiment 2 respectively. Results show that AIEd has a negative effect on adolescents' emotional perception. Prior research has focused on theory to the exclusion of practical applications and the psychological impact of AIEd, thus this study makes an innovative contribution in exploring the impact of the application of artificial intelligence technology in education on adolescents' physical and mental development by using empirical research methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Research has found that peer victimization is associated with adolescent nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) behavior; however, most of these studies ignored the association between these constructs at the within‐person level. Additionally, the association between peer victimization and NSSI may vary among adolescents with different personal characteristics. With a longitudinal design, this study investigated whether and how emotion regulation (ER) difficulties moderate the relationship between peer victimization and changes in NSSI, with particular attention given to the unique moderating role of different dimensions of ER difficulties. Methods: The study sample comprised 3,561 adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years old (Mage = 13.22, SD = 0.85; 56.9% males). Self‐report assessments were administered in December 2021 and June 2022 in Shanxi province, China. Results: The latent change score model showed that the adolescent NSSI increased during our assessments, with peer victimization as a significant predictor. ER difficulties moderated the association between peer victimization and NSSI changes, but interestingly, in an unexpected pattern. Specifically, peer victimization significantly predicted NSSI changes among adolescents with low ER difficulties but not for those with high ER difficulties. Moreover, among the multiple dimensions of ER difficulties, only nonacceptance of emotional responses and limited access to emotion regulation strategies interacted with peer victimization to predict NSSI changes and showed interaction patterns similar to those at the overall level of ER difficulties. Conclusions: The current study revealed the moderating role of ER difficulties in the relationship between peer victimization and changes in NSSI. These findings provide intervention implications for adolescents who engage in NSSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential mediating role of career-related parenting practice in the association between parental career expectation and adolescents' career development remains understudied, especially the likely transactional dynamics inherent within such links. This study utilized three-annual-wave data from 3196 Chinese adolescents across the high school years (M age = 15.55 years old, SD =.44; 52.8% girls at Wave 1) to address such gaps. Results of cross-lagged structural equational modeling analyses demonstrated reciprocal associations between parental career expectation and career adaptability consistently across three high school years; and career-related parental support served as a mediator in such associations, net of a series of covariates. However, no associations of career ambivalence with parental career expectation across the high school years emerged. Such findings highlighted the dynamic nature of the associations among parental career expectation, career-related parenting practice, and adolescents' career developmental outcomes. Implications for future research and practice were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescence is a significant period for the formation of relationship networks and the development of internalizing problems. With a sample of Chinese adolescents (N = 3,834, 52.01% girls, M age = 16.68 at Wave 1), the present study aimed to identify the configuration of adolescents' relationship qualities from four important domains (i.e., relationship quality with mother, father, peers, and teachers) and how distinct profiles were associated with the development of internalizing problems (indicated by depressive and anxiety symptoms) across high school years. Latent profile analysis identified a five-profile configuration with four convergent profiles (i.e., relationship qualities with others were generally good or bad) and one "Father estrangement" profile (i.e., the relationship quality with others were relatively good but that with father was particularly poor). Further conditional latent growth curve analysis indicated the "Father estrangement" profile was especially vulnerable to an increase in the internalizing problems as compared with other relationship profiles. This study contributes to understanding the characteristics of interpersonal relationship qualities and their influences on adolescent internalizing problems in a non-Western context. Results were further discussed from a culturally specific perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adolescence represents a pivotal stage in the development of healthy behaviors, where establishing positive physical activity habits can have enduring effects on an individual's overall wellbeing. The ecological model highlights the influence of environmental factors on human behavior, with the family environment playing a significant role in shaping the physical activity habits of adolescents. Methods: The aim of this scale is to develop a reliable and effective tool, customized for the unique societal context of China, to assess how family factors influence the physical activity habits of Chinese adolescents. Participants were recruited through stratified cluster sampling from 24 secondary schools in six Chinese provinces between October and November 2021, resulting in 1,061 participants. Analysis was conducted on 1,004 valid questionnaires, divided into two samples. Sample 1, consisting of 502 students (248 males and 254 females; Mage = 15.5), underwent item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Sample 2, comprising 502 students (267 males and 235 females; Mage = 16.5), underwent confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency reliability analysis. Results: Through exploratory factor analysis, we extracted three factors comprising 15 items: "Family Environment Construction" (4 items), "Family Action Support" (6 items), and "Family Health Awareness" (5 items). The Cronbach's alpha values for these factors ranged from 0.890 to 0.894. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a satisfactory model fit (CMIN/DF = 1.45, SRMR = 0.027, GFI = 0.991, TLI = 0.989, RMSEA = 0.03). Discussion: The scale demonstrated strong internal consistency and test-retest reliability, confirming its e&lowbar;ectiveness in empirical research. This study holds significant implications for enhancing the physical activity levels of adolescents, promoting their physical and mental wellbeing, enriching their developmental experiences, and contributing to their overall sense of happiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the advent of the new media era, the understanding of adolescent internet addiction needs to be enriched. It is also necessary to distinguish the related factors of adolescent internet addiction at different levels to clarify the mechanisms of this phenomenon. Methods: This study used hierarchical linear model analysis to explore the effects of student-level factors and school-level factors on adolescent internet addiction, along with cross-level moderating effects. A total of 1,912 students between the 4th and 8th grades in China participated in the study. Participants completed the Self-Esteem Scale, Parents Phubbing Scale, Classroom Environment Scale, and the Diagnostic Questionnaire of Internet Addiction. Results: Correlational analyses revealed that internet addiction was found to be negatively correlated with both self-esteem and the teacher-student relationship (p < 0.01), while father phubbing, mother phubbing, and learning burden were shown to positively correlate with internet addiction (p < 0.01). Hierarchical linear model analysis suggested that student-level variables, including self-esteem, and mother phubbing, were significant predictors of internet addiction (β = −0.077, p < 0.001 and β = 0.028, p < 0.01, respectively). At the school level, learning burden significantly and negatively predicted internet addiction (β = 0.073, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the relationship between self-esteem and internet addiction was significantly moderated by learning burden (β = −0.007, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the teacher-student relationship also had a significant moderating effect on the association between mother phubbing and internet addiction (β = −0.005, p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study revealed the relationships between self-esteem, parental phubbing, and classroom environment with adolescent internet addiction, and these findings could provide insights into reducing adolescent internet addiction from the perspective of individuals, families, and schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide is a fatal public health issue for adolescents, and it is of great significance to explore the precursors of suicidal behaviors, especially suicidal ideation. However, the relationship between social anxiety and suicidal ideation and its mechanism are still unclear. The study aims to examine the association between social anxiety and suicidal ideation and the mediating effect through Internet addiction. Methods: A total of 2,278 middle-school students aged 12 to 16 years were recruited through a multistage cluster sampling method in this crosssectional study. Logistical regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted to examine the direct and indirect effects of social anxiety. Results: During the past year, 262 (11.50%) participants reported suicidal ideation. Females had a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation than males (12.9% vs. 10.0%, p = 0.034), and urban adolescents reported a higher prevalence than their rural counterparts (13.4% vs. 9.6%, p = 0.006). In the total sample, social anxiety and Internet addiction were independently associated with suicidal ideation (p < 0.05). In the subgroup analysis, the association between social anxiety and suicidal ideation was significant only among rural females and urban males (p < 0.05). SEM demonstrated that social anxiety had direct and indirect effects on suicidal ideation, and Internet addiction partially mediated the relationship, with a mediating ratio of 30.53%. The partial mediating effect was also significant only in rural females and urban males. Conclusion: Adolescents may overuse the Internet to cope with social anxiety and further have suicidal ideation. Limiting Internet use and improving interpersonal skills in real life may be efficient for suicide prevention. In addition, targeted interventions should be tailored by different sexes across urban and rural regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer victimization is a social problem for children and adolescents worldwide. This study examined the factor structure of peer victimization in relation to school life among Chinese adolescent students. The Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale (MPVS) was used to measure this phenomenon. We examined psychometric properties such as factor structure, factorial invariance across genders, area types (urban vs. rural), and time (Time 1 vs. Time 2), nomological network validity in relation to the symptoms of depression and anxiety, and internal consistency reliability of the MPVS in Chinese culture. We analyzed the results of a survey of 2,764 adolescents from six public secondary schools in Fujian Province, China; 50.8% of these participants were female, and their mean age was 13.967 years (SD =.843). Of these participants, 2,217 (51.2% female), with a mean age of 13.839 years (SD =.802), also completed the survey at Time 2. Four-factor models were tested: a null model, a one-factor model, the hypothesized four-factor model, and a hierarchical model. The results revealed that the four-factor model exhibited the best fit and demonstrated factorial invariance across genders, area types, and time points. Future directions for research among Chinese adolescents were also discussed. Public Significance Statement: This study contributes to the literature concerning the Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale (MPVS) by validating its applicability in a Chinese context. Our findings indicate that researchers and professionals can use this scale to determine the prevalence of peer victimization and examine differences across genders, urban and rural areas, and time. This is the first study to test the area and time invariance of the MPVS by using a large-scale sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This longitudinal study examined bidirectional relations between parental harsh punishment and psychoticism at the between‑ and within‑family levels in Chinese adolescents. There were 3,307 Chinese youth (43.6% girls, Mage = 11.30 years, SD = 0.24) who participated in a 4-wave longitudinal study, spaced 12 months apart. The results of cross-lagged panel modeling (i.e. CLPM) found the significant bidirectional relations between parental harsh punishment and psychoticism at the between-family level. However, the within-person level analysis of random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling (i.e. RI-CLPM) only revealed parental harsh punishment significantly predicted youth psychoticism, but not vice versa. Moreover, no sex differences were observed in the bidirectional relations between parental harsh punishment and psychoticism at the between- or within-family level. These results suggest parental harsh parenting could exacerbate the psychoticism trait at both the between- and within-family level, whereas the influence of young people's psychoticism on harsh parenting response from parents occurs only at the between-family level. The findings help to understand the nature of the dynamic process of change between psychoticism and harsh parenting among Chinese adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the associations among supportive parenting, function-oriented appraisal of peer conflict, and peer conflict resolution (i.e., compatibility, compromise, self-sacrifice, utility, and escape). It was hypothesized that adolescents' function-oriented appraisal of peer conflict mediates the relationship between their perceived supportive parenting and their tendency to adopt different resolution strategies in peer conflict. Chinese adolescents aged 15 to 18 years were recruited from Taiwan as participants, and 498 valid responses were obtained. By utilizing structural equation modeling, the present study found the following results: (1) perceived supportive parenting was positively associated with adolescents' tendency to adopt the compatibility and compromise resolution strategies but negatively associated with their tendency to adopt the escape resolution strategy; (2) perceived supportive parenting was positively associated with adolescents' function-oriented appraisal of peer conflict, which was positively related to their tendency to adopt the compatibility, compromise, and self-sacrifice resolution strategies but negatively related to their tendency to adopt the escape resolution strategy; and (3) the mediating role of adolescents' function-oriented appraisal of peer conflict in the relationship between their perceived supportive parenting and their tendency to adopt different peer conflict resolution strategies was significant. We discuss the implications and limitations of these findings. Highlights: Chinese adolescents' perceived supportive parenting was related to their appraisals and resolutions of peer conflicts. Chinese adolescents' perceived supportive parenting was positively related to their function-oriented appraisal of peer conflict. Chinese adolescents' function-oriented appraisal of peer conflict was positively associated with their tendency to adopt compatibility, compromise, and self-sacrifice resolution strategies but negatively associated with their tendency to adopt the escape resolution strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study used subjective outcome assessment as an evaluation strategy to investigate participants' perspectives on a training program of a positive youth development program entitled "Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S. Project." A sample of 150 respondents from secondary schools throughout mainland China were asked about their perceptions of training content, trainer performance, their own performance, and supportive services by filling in an evaluation questionnaire. Results showed that the participants overwhelmingly viewed the training program and trainers to be very positive, and they also perceived the program to have positive impact on their teaching. Besides, there were no significant differences in the evaluation between instructors in junior secondary schools and those in senior secondary schools. Consistent with previous findings, there were positive correlations amongst the different dimensions of subjective outcomes. Additionally, our findings indicated that the quality of the program emerged as a strong predictor for both training benefits and participants' overall satisfaction. Together with prior evaluation findings on training, the present results suggest that training workshops in mainland China were well received by potential program implementers who perceived they acquired useful knowledge, attitude and behavior through training and the training program empowered them and promoted the teacher quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]