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The demand for food is increasing and the use of soil organic amendments in agricultural management practices has been instructed to increase crop yield and reduce dependence on synthetic inorganic fertilizers at low cost to limited resource farmers. However, the effect of organic amendments on the quality and nutritional composition of edible plants has received little attention. Locally available organic amendments (sewage sludge SS, chicken manure CM, cow manure Cow, vermicompost Vermi, and biochar Bio) were chosen to test their impact on field-grown sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas L. yield, root quality, and root nutritional composition. The results indicated that utilizing Cow manure in growing sweet potatoes significantly promoted root yield and root nutritional composition. Cow treatment produced the greatest number of roots compared to Bio, CM, SS, and the control treatments. The results also revealed that the concentrations of vitamin C (260. 3 µg g−1), β-carotene (45.4 µg g−1), soluble sugars (16.7 mg g−1), and total phenols (196.3 3 µg g−1 fresh roots) were greater in the roots of plants grown in Cow compared to the roots of the control treatment. The results indicated the low impact of biochar whereas Cow is recommended for enhancing sweet potato yield and nutritional composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faced with the dual challenges of energy shortage and environmental pollution, researchers are turning to extracting clean energy from waste resources. The coupled system of solar energy and supercritical water gasification offers a novel solution to these issues. In this study, a solar-driven supercritical water gasification-oxidation system for ammonia production and heat supply from chicken manure was simulated. Additionally, the effects of temperature of supercritical water gasification, chicken manure slurry concentration, water-dry matter ratio, and pressure of supercritical water gasification and oxidation on the system's products, efficiency, and device exergy losses were examined. Under typical working conditions (the temperature of supercritical water gasification: 750 °C, chicken manure slurry concentration: 50 wt%, water-dry matter ratio: 5, the pressure of supercritical water gasification and oxidation: 25 MPa), and the system had a treatment capacity of 5 t/h of dry chicken manure. The system yielded 2604.04 kg/h of NH 3 and 23763.9 kg/h of heating steam. It demonstrated an energy efficiency of 68.38% and an exergy efficiency of 46.85%. The total exergy losses of the system amounted to 34704.73kw, with the solar collector accounting for the largest share at 49.6%. The temperature of supercritical water gasification and water-dry matter ratio significantly impacted the system efficiency. Conversely, chicken manure slurry concentration and the pressure of supercritical water gasification and oxidation exerted minimal influence. The solar collector and gasification reactor emerged as the primary contributors to exergy losses in the entire system. Notably, the lower temperatures of supercritical water gasification, chicken manure slurry concentrations, pressures of supercritical water gasification and oxidation, and water-dry matter ratios can reduce exergy losses in both the solar collector and the gasification reactor. [Display omitted] • The supercritical water gasification and ammonia synthesis system were simulated. • The performance of system was analyzed by means of thermodynamic analysis. • The influence of operating parameters on the system is analyzed. • The energy efficiency and exergy efficiency reached 68.38% and 46.85% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the procedures that helps remove pharmaceuticals (Phs) from wastewater in Constructed Wetlands (CWs) is phytoremediation. Using Ruellia simplex, the main emphasis of this study is on the function of plants and substrates in the removal mechanism independently from aqueous solution. Even in an aqueous solution containing high concentrations of antibiotics, the plant could thrive, and lighting further promoted growth. For the removal of amoxicillin (AMX) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) at a concentration of 25 mg/L, six reactors are used: hydroponic planted reactors, sand rectors, chicken manure -- wood shavings (CM-WS) rectors, rhizobacterial-inoculated unplanted reactors, unplanted control reactors, and unplanted dark control reactors to study the roles of phytoremediation, adsorption, biodegradation, photodegradation and hydrolysis process in reduction of AMX and CIP. Additionally, the plant's weight is determined for each sample collected and compared to the initial weight of the experiment to monitor plant growth. The possible fates of AMX and CIP were explored using hydroponic tests, whereby 43%, 26% and 19%, respectively, of the total removal of AMX had been accounted for by plant uptake, adsorption by CM-WS and biodegradation after 21 days of exposure, also these process contributed well in CIP removal, where the proportions were 39%, 32% and 18%, respectively of the total CIP reduction at the same intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manure application is the primary input route for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in farmland soil. This study investigated the effects of varying the rates of five chicken manure applications on the accumulation and distribution of ARGs across different soil depths (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) using metagenomic sequencing. The results revealed that the distribution of ARGs in farmland soil was closely linked to soil depth and influenced to some extent by the fertilizer quantity after 30 days of fertilization. ARGs were predominantly concentrated in the surface soil and exhibited a significant decrease in type and abundance with an increased soil depth. Compared with soil treated with chemical fertilizers alone, chicken manure-treated surface soil presented a higher diversity and abundance of ARGs. However, the diversity and abundance of ARGs did not increase proportionally with the increasing ratios of chicken manure application (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). ARGs in soil primarily conferred resistance to host bacteria through antibiotic efflux pumps (~33%), antibiotic target alteration (~31%), antibiotic inactivation (~20%), and antibiotic target protection (~8%). Correlation analysis involving ARGs and soil microorganisms revealed widespread multidrug resistance among soil microorganisms. Furthermore, two genera of human pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. and Listeria sp.) were identified as potential microbial hosts of ARGs in all treatments. Correlation analysis involving ARGs and environmental factors indicated that soil ARGs are predominantly influenced by heavy metals and microorganisms. This paper offers valuable insights for environmental risk assessments regarding the utilization of livestock manure resources. Additionally, it furnishes a scientific foundation for farmland application strategies pertaining to livestock manure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorghum is a plant that mainly requires chemical nitrogen fertilization. There are organic fertilizers that can provide nutrients to plants with great benefits to the soil, such as chicken manure. To determine the influence of organic fertilization on nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and the amount of chlorophyll, sorghum plants were grown using the following four treatments: soil (T1), soil + chicken manure 100 kg ha−1 of nitrogen (N) (T2), soil + chicken manure 200 kg ha−1 N (T3), and soil + ammonium sulfate 100 kg ha−1 N (T4). Leaves were sampled in the vegetative stage (VS), the reproductive stage (RS), and the maturation stage (MS). The highest NR activity occurred in plants with T2 and T3 in the VS. The highest GS activity was in T3 and T4 in the RS. The amount of chlorophyll a was the same in all phenological stages. However, the amount of chlorophyll b was influenced by the type of fertilization at different phenological stages. Organic fertilizers (OF) produced the highest NR activity. On the other hand, GS activity was higher with chemical fertilization (T4), which was equal to the second dose of organic fertilization (T3). Finally, chlorophyll a and b were influenced by both types of fertilization, and was different from T1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val) is one of the agricultural commodities being developed by the Jambi Province of Indonesia. However, despite the high value of turmeric, its productivity in Jambi Province is low. This is because the crop is mostly cultivated in marginal lands dominated by Inceptisol, which has low fertility and low water availability. Organic mulch and chicken manure have the potential to be used to improve soil water availability and crop yield. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of organic mulch cover and chicken manure on soil water availability and turmeric yield. The treatments tested were combinations of various percentages of organic mulch cover (30%, 60%, and 90%, and chicken manure dosage (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha-1). The twelve treatment combinations were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the combination of the percentage of organic mulch cover and chicken manure dosage affected soil organic matter content, soil bulk density, soil pore size distribution, soil water availability, and turmeric yield. The application of 30% cover of organic mulch and 10 t ha-1 of chicken manure was found to be the best combination to improve soil available water and turmeric yield. The regression analysis results showed that soil bulk density, organic carbon, fast-drainage pores, and slow-drainage pores simultaneously affected the soil water content, with an R2 value of 0.85. The results of this study proved that soil available water is also closely correlated with turmeric yield.

A highly efficient method for the detection and quantification of 55 veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in chicken manure belonging to six drug classes using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) was developed. The mixture of EDTA–McIlvaine buffer (pH 3.0) and the organic extractant (methanol–acetonitrile, 1:3, v/v) was used to isolate the target VAs from freeze-dried chicken manure. The extract was purified by a hydrophile–lipophile balance cartridge. All antibiotics showed excellent linear relationships in the range between 1 and 100 µg/kg with the coefficients of determination of the standard curves above 0.990. The recoveries of antibiotics were between 35.66% and 103.54% using matrix-matched calibration for quantification. The limits of detection and quantification were from 0.01 to 1.59 µg/kg and 0.04 to 4.76 µg/kg, respectively. The method was demployed to determine VAs in chicken manure from 12 farms, revealing contamination in all samples. A total of 13 VAs belonging to six classes were detected with concentrations up to 41.47 mg/kg. The presence of high concentrations of antibiotic residues in poultry manure poses a potential risk for environmental contamination. This work has identified significant differences in the types of VAs compared to literature reports. Additionally, it detected pleuromutilin antibiotics in chicken manure for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorghum is a plant that mainly requires chemical nitrogen fertilization. There are organic fertilizers that can provide nutrients to plants with great benefits to the soil, such as chicken manure. To determine the influence of organic fertilization on nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and the amount of chlorophyll, sorghum plants were grown using the following four treatments: soil (T1), soil + chicken manure 100 kg ha−1 of nitrogen (N) (T2), soil + chicken manure 200 kg ha−1 N (T3), and soil + ammonium sulfate 100 kg ha−1 N (T4). Leaves were sampled in the vegetative stage (VS), the reproductive stage (RS), and the maturation stage (MS). The highest NR activity occurred in plants with T2 and T3 in the VS. The highest GS activity was in T3 and T4 in the RS. The amount of chlorophyll a was the same in all phenological stages. However, the amount of chlorophyll b was influenced by the type of fertilization at different phenological stages. Organic fertilizers (OF) produced the highest NR activity. On the other hand, GS activity was higher with chemical fertilization (T4), which was equal to the second dose of organic fertilization (T3). Finally, chlorophyll a and b were influenced by both types of fertilization, and was different from T1.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of organic, NPK, and biofertilizers on the yield of two cowpea varieties grown under arid land conditions. Two cultivars of cowpea (Karim-7 and Dokki-331) were evaluated using different fertilizer types. The fertilizers examined were organic (farmyard manure (FYM) and chicken manure (CHM)) and biofertilizers (effective microorganisms (EM1) and technology of smart fertilizer (TS)) in addition to NPK treatments (NPK (50 kg/fed), NPK (100 kg/fed), EM1 (15 m3.fed-1) + NPK (50 kg/fed), TS (15 m3.fed-1) + NPK (50 kg/fed). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 16 treatments and three replications was used to set up the experiment. The measured yield parameters were seed number/plant, pod length, seed number/pod, pod number/plant, dry yield/plant, dry yield/m2, bio yield, pod weight, 100-seed weight, and grain yield. The results cleared that the cultivar dokki-331 under EM1 biofertilizer + NPK (50 kg/fed) combination treatment was the superior practice for increasing all studied traits.

Abstract Co-pyrolysis of chicken manure with tree bark was investigated to mitigate salinity and potentially toxic element (PTE) concentrations of chicken manure-derived biochar. The effect of tree bark addition (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 wt%) on the biochar composition, surface functional groups, PTEs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) concentration in the biochar was evaluated. Biochar-induced toxicity was assessed using an in-house plant growth assay with Arabidopsis thaliana. This study shows that PTE concentrations can be controlled through co-pyrolysis. More than 50 wt% of tree bark must be added to chicken manure to reduce the concentrations below the European Biochar Certificate-AGRO (EBC-AGRO) threshold. However, the amount of PAH does not show a trend with tree bark addition. Furthermore, co-pyrolysis biochar promotes plant growth at different application concentrations, whereas pure application of 100 wt% tree bark or chicken manure biochar results in decreased growth compared to the reference. In addition, increased plant stress was observed for 100 wt% chicken manure biochar. These data indicate that co-pyrolysis of chicken manure and tree bark produces EBC-AGRO-compliant biochar with the potential to stimulate plant growth. Further studies need to assess the effect of these biochars in long-term growth experiments.

In order to resolve the controversial questions of the heavy metal pollution that chicken manure composting was used in kiwifruit production, the contents of heavy metal such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) on the soils of kiwi orchards with and without chicken manure composting were discussed, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific reuse of chicken manure. The heavy metal Cu and Zn content increased significantly after the application of chicken manure composting, but it was far below the heavy metal pollution standard and did not cause heavy metal pollution in the soil. The chicken manure composting affect remarkably contents of soil nutrients, which the macro elements P and K contents were significantly increased by the application of chicken manure composting but the N content was significantly decreased, the medium elements Ca and Mg contents were significantly increased, the micro elements Mn contents were significantly increased but B contents were no clear difference. Our results indicated that chicken manure composting can provide sufficient nutrients for the soil, while application of fully fermented chicken manure will not cause heavy metal pollution in soil, and nitrogen fertilizer should be properly applied at the same time to ensure nutrient balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonium inhibition is a key limiting factor for anaerobic digestion when using chicken manure as the main substrate, especially in a digestion system with biogas slurry reflux. Air stripping is usually used as a recycled biogas slurry treatment. In this study, we carried out the anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure and corn straw. The fermentation performance was investigated with and without air stripping at different biogas slurry reflux ratios and with an increasing organic loading rate. The results show that air stripping enhanced biogas production, system stability, and volatile solid removal efficiency via the mitigation control of ammonium inhibition. The total ammonium nitrogen in the digesters with air stripping was 20.24–46.40% lower than in those without air stripping. The highest specific biogas production and volatile solid removal efficiency values were obtained in the digesters at an organic loading rate of 3.3 g volatile solid (VS)/(L·d) and a reflux ratio of 75% with air stripping, reaching 480.43 mL/gVSadd and 63.36%, respectively. Moreover, air stripping also improved the organic loading rate and reflux ratio. Stable operation was achieved at an organic loading rate of 5.3 gVS/(L·d) and a reflux ratio of 75%, with specific biogas production of 392.35 mL/gVSadd and a volatile solid removal efficiency of 50.33%. The fermentation performance deteriorated when the organic loading rate was increased to 8.0 gVS/(L·d) at a reflux ratio of 75%, even when air stripping was conducted, indicating that a slighter lower reflux ratio (50%) could be more feasible at a higher organic loading rate (8.0 gVS/(L·d). Additionally, the methanogen community structure varied according to the use of air stripping, with a shift in the methanogenic pathway from hydrogenotrophic to acetoclastic methanogens. Overall, our findings support the adoption of air stripping for ammonium mitigation in anaerobic digestion with biogas slurry reflux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study describes the whole-genome sequencing of two antibiotic-resistant representative Escherichia coli strains, isolated from poultry manure in 2020. The samples were obtained from a commercial chicken meat production facility in Poland. The antibiotic resistance profile was characterized by co-resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. The three identified resistance plasmids (R-plasmids), pECmdr13.2, pECmdr13.3, and pECmdr14.1, harbored various genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines (tetR[A]) for, aminoglycoside (aph, aac, and aad families), β-lactam (blaCMY-2, blaTEM-176), sulfonamide (sul1, sul2), fluoroquinolone (qnrS1), and phenicol (floR). These plasmids, which have not been previously reported in Poland, were found to carry IS26 insertion elements, the intI1-integrase gene, and conjugal transfer genes, facilitating horizontal gene transfer. Plasmids pECmdr13.2 and pECmdr14.1 also possessed a mercury resistance gene operon related to transposon Tn6196; this promotes plasmid persistence even without antibiotic selection pressure due to co-selection mechanisms such as co-resistance. The chicken manure–derived plasmids belonged to the IncX1 (narrow host range) and IncC (broad host range) incompatibility groups. Similar plasmids have been identified in various environments, clinical isolates, and farm animals, including cattle, swine, and poultry. This study holds significant importance for the One Health approach, as it highlights the potential for antibiotic-resistant bacteria from livestock and food sources, particularly E. coli, to transfer through the food chain to humans and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Co-pyrolysis of chicken manure with tree bark was investigated to mitigate salinity and potentially toxic element (PTE) concentrations of chicken manure-derived biochar. The effect of tree bark addition (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 wt%) on the biochar composition, surface functional groups, PTEs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) concentration in the biochar was evaluated. Biochar-induced toxicity was assessed using an in-house plant growth assay with Arabidopsis thaliana. This study shows that PTE concentrations can be controlled through co-pyrolysis. More than 50 wt% of tree bark must be added to chicken manure to reduce the concentrations below the European Biochar Certificate-AGRO (EBC-AGRO) threshold. However, the amount of PAH does not show a trend with tree bark addition. Furthermore, co-pyrolysis biochar promotes plant growth at different application concentrations, whereas pure application of 100 wt% tree bark or chicken manure biochar results in decreased growth compared to the reference. In addition, increased plant stress was observed for 100 wt% chicken manure biochar. These data indicate that co-pyrolysis of chicken manure and tree bark produces EBC-AGRO-compliant biochar with the potential to stimulate plant growth. Further studies need to assess the effect of these biochars in long-term growth experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cosmos caudatus or Kenikir has several benefits such as antioxidant, antihypertensive and also antidiabetic effects. Part of Kenikir that is consumed is the leaves, to increase the production of Kenikir can be done by increasing its biomass. One alternative way to increase the biomass of Kenikir is through the utilization of PLTU waste in the form of coal fly ash as a mixture of planting media with soil and chicken manure. The study aimed to determine the optimal mix composition of planting media for Kenikir. Materials used in the research were polybags 25x25cm, local varieties of Kenikir seeds, chicken manure, planting media (soil), and coal fly ash with varying doses. The research was carried out from January - June 2022 at the Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya using a Randomized Block Design. There were 10 combination treatments with 3 replications. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance (F test) at 5% with a further test of Honest Significant Difference (HSD) at 5%. The results showed that all treatments had a significant effect on all observation parameters. Most optimal treatment was a mixture of 75% soil + 25% coal fly ash + 15 t ha-1 chicken manure with the highest biomass yield of 58.9 g compared to control treatment (100% Soil), 45.2 g. Fly ash and chicken manure can be used as an alternative planting medium mixture to increase the biomass of Kenikir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leach bed reactors (LBRs) are dry anaerobic systems that can handle feedstocks with high solid content, like chicken manure, with minimal water addition. In this study, the chicken manure was mixed with zeolite, a novel addition, and packed in the LBR to improve biogas production. The resulting leachate was then processed in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), where most of the methane was produced. The supernatant of the CSTR was returned to the LBR. The batch mode operation of the LBR led to a varying methane production rate (MPR) with a peak in the beginning of each batch cycle when the leachate was rich in organic matter. Comparing the MPR in both systems, the peaks in the zeolite system were higher and more acute than in the control system, which was under stress, as indicated by the acetate accumulation at 2328 mg L−1. Moreover, the presence of zeolite in the LBR played a crucial role, increasing the overall methane yield from 0.142 (control experiment) to 0.171 NL CH4 per g of volatile solids of chicken manure entering the system at a solid retention time of 14 d. Zeolite also improved the stability of the system. The ammonia concentration increased gradually due to the little water entering the system and reached 3220 mg L−1 (control system) and 2730 mg L−1 (zeolite system) at the end of the experiment. It seems that zeolite favored the accumulation of the ammonia at a lower rate (14.0 mg L−1 d−1) compared to the control experiment (17.3 mg L−1 d−1). The microbial analysis of the CSTR fed on the leachate from the LBR amended with zeolite showed a higher relative abundance of Methanosaeta (83.6%) compared to the control experiment (69.1%). Both CSTRs established significantly different bacterial profiles from the inoculum after 120 days of operation (p < 0.05). Regarding the archaeal communities, there were no significant statistical differences between the CSTRs and the inoculum (p > 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of organic, NPK and biofertilizers on the yield of two cowpea varieties grown under arid land conditions. Two cultivars of cowpea (Karim-7 and Dokki-331) were evaluated using different fertilizer types. The fertilizers examined were organic (farmyard manure (FYM) and chicken manure (CHM)) and biofertilizers (effective microorganisms (EM1) and technology of smart fertilizer (TS)) in addition to NPK treatments (NPK (50 kg/fed), NPK (100 kg/fed), EM1 (15 m³ .fed-1 ) + NPK (50 kg/fed), TS (15 m³ .fed-1 ) + NPK (50 kg/fed). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 16 treatments and three replications was used to set up the experiment. The measured yield parameters were seed number/plant, pod length, seed number/pod, pod number/plant, dry yield/plant, dry yield/m2, bio yield, pod weight, 100-seed weight, and grain yield. The results cleared that the cultivar dokki-331 under EM1 biofertilizer + NPK (50 kg/fed) combination treatment was the superior practice for increasing all studied traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the organic fertilizers that has the potential to cultivate Chlorella sp. is the cow's rumen. To increase the nutrient content in the cow's rumen, the cow's rumen must be made into bokashi and enriched with chicken manure. This study aimed to determine the use of cow's rumen bokashi enriched with chicken manure at different doses on Chlorella sp cell density. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications, namely P0 (2 g/L cow's rumen bokashi), P1 = 2 g/L cow's rumen bokashi enriched with 2.5 g/L chicken manure, P2 = 2 g/L cow's rumen bokashi enriched with 3.0 g/L chicken manure, P3 = 2 g/L cow's rumen bokashi enriched with 3.5 g/L chicken manure, and P4 = 2 g/L cow's rumen bokashi enriched with 4.0 g/L chicken manure. The results showed that the highest cell density of Chlorella sp. occurred in treatment P3 (i.e. 456.1 ± 15.1 × 104 cells/mL) and the highest specific growth rate occurred in treatment P0 (i.e. 0.20 ± 0.0/day). Nutrient levels in the culture medium are optimal for Chlorella sp., with nitrate ranging from 0.1375 to 0.2833 mg/L and phosphate ranging from 2.4889 to 2.8650 mg/L. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of cow's rumen bokashi enriched with chicken manure had a very significant effect on cell density and specific growth rate of Chlorella sp. (P<0.01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducted anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of chicken manure (CM) and corn straw (CS) with various mixing ratios (1:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, and 4:6, VS) through batch experiments to investigate gas production performance, changes in biogas slurry fertilizer efficiency, and microbial community. The results indicate that, compared to anaerobic digestion (AD), AcoD promoted methane production and reduced the accumulation of toxic substances, such as ammonia nitrogen. Methane production was the highest when CM and CS were co-digested with a mixing ratio of 7:3 (R-7:3). The degradation rate of organic matter (OM) at R-7:3 was the highest, and both available nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) concentrations were at appropriate levels. The concentration of available potassium (AK) increased the most during the digestion process. In addition, the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As) in the biogas slurry were below the detection limit. Microbial analysis reveals that Methanosarcina and Sedimentibacter were the primary bacteria responsible for methane production in the system. They are relatively abundant under R-7:3 conditions, which suggests a greater potential for the stability of the AcoD system. Therefore, an appropriate mixing ratio of CM to CS could enhance methane production and system stability, while reducing the risks associated with using biogas slurry in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was done in the 2022 growing season on 16-year-old Arbequina olive trees cultivated at 6×6 m apart in clay sandy loam soil under a drip irrigation system in a private orchard located at Zakho region, Duhok governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq, to study the influence of different types of fertilizers on the growth and productivity of olive trees (Olea europaea L.) cv. Arbequina. The experiment consists of twenty-seven treatments (three levels of soil application of chicken manure 0,5, 10 kg tree-1, foliar application of three conc. of seaweed extract (Sea force) 0,10,20 ml L-1 and soil application of three levels of mineral fertilizer Blaukorn NPK (12:12:16) at level (0, 150, and 200g tree-1), mineral fertilizer was applied three times per season: First: at vegetative growth stage. Second: at full bloom. Third: after setting of fruits. Results indicate that soil application of chicken manure, especially at 10 kg tree-1, and foliar spraying of Sea force at 20 ml L-1 significantly increased all studied characters (average leaf area, total chlorophyll content, number of flowers/inflorescences, fruit set %, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, total yield per tree, fruit total soluble solids (TSS%), Percentage of oil). Soil application of Blaukorn, especially at 200 g tree-1, significantly increased (average leaf area, fruits length, width and weight, and TSS). The binary and triple interactions of the study treatments on all the traits under investigation also showed a significant increase, particularly for the high levels of the study factors.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of crude chicken manure and its processing on growth, biochemistry, quality, and risk assessment of Oreochromis niloticus, as this habit is used in several fish farms, without an adequate knowledge of its effect on fish quality. Four feeding regimes were applied, namely (1) crude chicken manure (CM), (2) processed chicken manure, (3) mixed diets [processed CM (45 days) + commercial fish diet (45 days)], and (4) commercial fish diet (control), for 90 days in glass aquaria. The fish fingerlings were acclimatized prior to the start of the experiment, followed by twice daily feeding and regular monitoring of water quality. The growth performance showed a positive trend from crude CM toward the processed CM as fish diets, leading to an increase in final weight and weight gain. The crude CM recorded the lowest final weight of 11.3g and weight gain of 10.2g, and the lowest survival percentage of 85.1%. Furthermore, mosthaematological parameters displayed the similar trend, except RBCs which showed insignificant changes. The immunological indicators such as WBCs showed anelevation starting from the dispersed diet (crude CM) toward the processed CM and mixed diets, then dropped down in the control trial, reflecting the normal trend against strange fish diets. Blood biochemistry, such as total protein and cholesterol, exhibited significant changes in the crude CM, processed CM, and the mixed trial compared to the control group. Regarding fish quality and nutrional values, fish muscle of fish fed crude CM contained the highest ash value of 7.58%, while it was 5.46% for those fed on the processed CM. However, fish muscles for mixed diets contained 5.19% ash and 62.19% protein. Human risk assessment was presented in this investigation by heavy metals determination. Pb value in fish muscles was 4.86mg/ kg for fish fed the crude CM; it was the highest one of all feeding trials. While, it decreased to 4.06mg/ kg after CM processing. The mixed feeding trial exhibited the lowest level of Arsenic (0.06mg/ kg). Processing chicken manure reduces its disadvantages by converting dispersed materials into pellets, thereby decreasing water pollution. It is not recommended to feed fish on pure crude chicken manure and pure processes of CM during the whole fish rearing, since fish need other nutrients and more energy to reduce the heavy metals formed due to chicken manure utilization. Utilizing a mixture of fish diet and processed chicken manure in fish farms, in controlled quantities, can mitigate environmental pollution. It's essential to implement processing procedures and ensure clean sourcing for optimal results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Landfill leachate contains a significant amount of organic matter, making it a valuable source for CH4 production. However, due to its liquid form, the mono-digestion of leachate could result in a reduced CH4 yield per unit reactor volume. This necessitates its utilization in anaerobic digesters alongside solid waste streams. The objective of this study was to evaluate co-digestion performance of landfill leachate with different wastes using biomethane potential test and assess the optimum combination in terms of CH4 productivity. Modified Gompertz model was used for kinetic characterization. Experiments were held under mesophilic conditions and lasted for 30 days. Among mono-digestion of substrates, landfill leachate exhibited the highest CH4 productivity and yield: 83.17 mL/gVS.d and 793 ± 6.85 mL/gVS, respectively. Fish waste was found to have the lowest energy potential with 350 mL/gVS CH4 yield and 18.24 mL/gVS.d CH4 productivity. CH4 productivities for co-digestion cases ranged from 5.48 to 67.85 mL/gVS.d. Mixing landfill leachate and chicken manure with the same amount on wet weight basis yielded the highest CH4 productivity. On the other hand, inclusion of fish waste consistently resulted in decreased CH4 yield and productivity for all incubations, which suggests that fish waste may not be suitable as a co-substrate for landfill leachate in terms of CH4 production. Monitoring of chemical parameters revealed that buffering capacity of the system and free ammonia formation were the main parameters governing CH4 production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Adding organic soil amendments, like animal manure, can alleviate the mobility of lead (Pb). However, there is a scarcity of in vivo studies examining the impact of animal manure as a soil amendment on mammals. Methods: Six C57BL/6 mice per group were raised for 30 and 98 days on soil containing 3000 mg Pb/kg. On Pb-spiked soil, chicken manure (40 t/ha) was applied as an immobilizer. Pb concentrations in the tissues were analyzed using ICP-MS after microwave digestion. RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of antioxidant and cell apoptosis genes in the liver, kidneys, and brain. Results: When chicken manure was used as the immobilizer in Pb-spiked soil, Pb concentrations in the brain, kidneys, and lungs at day 30 were significantly different (p < 0.05) with reduction percentages of 28.58, 26.63, and 25.62, respectively. The brain, kidneys, liver, and bone, except for the lungs and trachea, also showed a similar reducing phenomenon on day 98, with percentages of 11.82, 4.63, 29.87, and 14.54, respectively. There was a significant difference in the levels of Nrf2, HMOX1, SOD1, CAT, BCL2, and Bax in the brain between Pb-exposed and remediated groups after 98 days of exposure. Conclusions: This study highlights that the utilization of chicken manure reduced Pb accumulation in tissues (6.25–28.58% at 30 days and 4.63–29.87% at 98 days). This reduction in Pb accumulation subsequently alleviated the body burden by activating antioxidant genes in the brain, notably HMOX1, SOD1, and CAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Soil Sciences & Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Global human population growth has resulted in significant intensive agricultural activity, posing substantial challenges to waste management and environmental conservation. Watermelon waste (WW), chicken manure (CM) and horse manure (HM) are among the main contributors to agricultural waste due to their abundant waste production. This study aims to manage the daily production of these wastes by utilizing WW as a bulking agent in the co-composting of CM and HM. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the effects of four independent factors: HM:CM composition, particle size, composting period, and bulking agent amount. Thirty treatments were developed using central composite design and in-vessel composting reactors were employed to study the relationship between the factors involved and compost physicochemical quality parameters. The results demonstrated significant effects on organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), potassium (K), dry matter, moisture content, bulk density, and pH, while the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) and phosphorus level were not affected. The optimized co-composting conditions obtained from RSM were 75:25 for HM:CM composition (%), 0.5 cm for particle size, 40 days for composting period, and 10% of WW, resulting in a compost with 61% OM, 2.5% N, and 2.5% K. These optimal conditions agreed closely with the predicted values; root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) was less than 0.50, revealing the success of RSM in determining optimal process parameters and developing models for predicting responses. Our study demonstrated that WW as a bulking agent in the co-composting of CM and HM has significantly enhanced the organic matter and nutrient levels of the final compost product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Production of regenerable CO 2 adsorbent from bagasse fly ash and chicken manure. • Application of hydrothermal carbonization for nitrogen fixation on fly ash. • Use of statistical analysis model to predict the adsorbent's performance. The high cost of commercial CO 2 capture material is one of the issues hindering the widespread adaptation of the technology. This study explored efficient ways of utilizing waste material in the form of bagasse fly ash (BFA) as CO 2 adsorbent through thermochemical preparations of physical activation, and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). The activation of BFA using flue gas was able to produce an adsorbent with good CO 2 adsorption capacity, with similar results to the CO 2 activation. The second approach using co-HTC of BFA with chicken manure (CM) optimized using Box-Behnken design of experiment was able to produce an adsorbent with CO 2 adsorption capacity nearly on-par with commercial adsorbents. It was also found that the model was able to accurately predict the experiment outcome when verified with the additional experiments. Material characterizations showed that the increase of the CO 2 adsorption capacity of the adsorbent might have been achieved through the formation of secondary amines deposited on the BFA. The results of this study showed that the utilization of waste in the form of BFA and CM could contribute to the advancement of circular and low-cost CO 2 capture medium from waste materials, which could increase the adaptation and involvement of sugar industry and poultry farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CLIMATE change is one of the most important global issues that impacts all our life sides. Growing crops and their productivity also are influenced by changing in the climate and climatic elements. Growing tea in non-traditional regions like Egypt could be considered a challenge due to the specific climatic and soil requirements for growing and production. However, with careful planning and experimentation, it might be possible to establish tea cultivation in such conditions. So, a lysimeter trial was conducted as an exploratory experiment aiming to assess tea cultivation performance in both sandy and clayey soil. Additionally, a separate field trial was carried out to evaluate tea growth in clayey soil along with applied organic fertilizer (chicken manure). The findings revealed that, under the lysimeter trial, tea plants exhibited robust growth on both sandy and clayey soil. Various parameters, including plant height, fresh and dry weights, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and leaf N, P, K levels, indicated superior performance on sandy soil compared to clayey soil. In the field trial, notable superiority was observed in plants grown on the organic medium containing chicken manure over those plants grown on clayey soil without such supplementation. These outcomes suggest that climate changes could potentially transform Egypt into a favorable region for tea cultivation. More studies are needed to establish a complete program of cultivation of tea including the water and nutrient requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EFFICIENTLY optimizing strategic crop production in Egypt's degraded soils is imperative to address the nutritional gap and ensure food security. Consequently, a field trial was conducted over two consecutive summer seasons (2022 and 2023) to evaluate the potential impact of various organic fertilization sources as the main plots on soybean plant cultivated in soil with an EC value of 6.45 dsm-1. The organic treatments included a control group without organic fertilizers (I0 ), farmyard manure (FYM) compost (I1 ), plant residues (PR) compost (I2 ) and chicken manure (ChM) compost (I3). Additionally, the subplots were designated for foliar applications of proline amino acid, with three groups: F0 (without foliar application, serving as the control), F1 (proline at a rate of 60 mg L-1 ), and F2 (proline at a rate of 100 mg L-1 ). The study assessed various parameters at two stages: 80 days from sowing, focusing on growth indicators such as plant height, foliage fresh and dry leaf weights, and chlorophyll content and antioxidant indicators. At the harvest stage, yield-related parameters and quality aspects like the number of pods per plant, seed yield, oil, protein, carbohydrates, along with the analysis of soil nutrient availability. The results obtained illustrated that ChM compost (I3 ) proved to be the most effective organic source in promoting optimal performance under salinity conditions, as evidenced by superior growth indicators, yield-related parameters, and quality. Following closely was PR compost (I2 ), with FYM compost (I1 ) ranking third, while the control group (without organic fertilizers) exhibited the lowest performance. In addition, the findings highlight the positive impact of proline amino acid on enhancing plant tolerance to salinity stress, with performance improvements correlating with increased proline levels. The sequence of proline treatments, ranked from most effective to least, was F2, followed by F1 , then F0 (without proline). Analyzing soil fertility at the harvest stage, all organic sources positively influenced the availability of N, P, and K, with ChM compost (I3 ) demonstrating superior effects. The influence of proline was nearly negligible in this aspect. Overall, the combined treatment of I3 x F2 emerged as the most distinguished among the various interactions studied. Therefore, integrated approaches that combine optimal organic fertilization practices with proline applications, such as the studied combination of ChM compost and proline, should be promoted for enhanced soybean production. Ongoing research is essential to refine and expand these recommended practices for a comprehensive and sustainable approach to soybean cultivation in challenging soil conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the addition of black soldier fly on the nutrient and maturity of materials and gas emissions changes of materials during the transformation of chicken manure, providing scientific basis for promoting the biological composting of chicken manure by the black soldier fly. [Methods]Two treatments were set up in this experiment, one treatment was fresh chicken manure added with black water fly larvae(BSF treatment)and the other treatment was without black water fly larvae(control), comparing the changes of physical and chemical properties, greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions between these two treatments. [Results]Feed insect ratio of chicken manure treated with black solider fly was 6.70, and the biotransformation rate was 38.3%, the fresh weight reduction rate of the material was 66.0%, but the fresh weight reduction rate of the control group material was only 47.6%. In the experiment with a period of 12 days, the accumulated CO2 emission of the BSF treatment group was lower than that of the control group in the first 6 days, then the accumulated CO2 emission was higher than that of the control group, but CH4 emission was far lower than that of the control group. In addition, no obvious N2O emission was observed in both BSF treatment group and control group, and the non-CO2 global warming potential of BSF treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group, which was only 7.09% of that produced in control group. Meanwhile, its cumulative emission of ammonia was higher than that of the control group. [Conclusions]The black soldier fly could directly reduce the amount of high-moisture material chicken manure and transform it into economically valuable insect body and vermiculite sand, and its emission potential of greenhouse gas was significantly lower than that of the control group. So, biocomposting of chicken manure by the black soldier fly was a low carbon, high efficiency and high value livestock and poultry manure treatment mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: The presence of pathogens, e.g., Escherichia coli (E. coli), in chicken manure can potentially lead to serious infections and foodborne diseases when spread on land as organic fertilizer. Therefore, it is essential to inactivate these bacteria before land application. The aim of the present study was to determine the survival of E. coli and the temperature development in compost piles during composting of chicken manure with a typically low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio and moisture content (MC). In a summer and winter trial, chicken manure piles were stacked in 1) uncovered static piles, 2) covered static piles, and 3) periodically turned piles. Samples were inoculated with a nonpathogenic E. coli strain at levels of 107 cfu/g and placed at subsurface and center locations of the piles. Within 24 h, E. coli were undetectable by direct count in all piles and at all sample locations. By d 28, all samples were also negative for E. coli by enrichment. Despite the suboptimal composting conditions with an initial C/N ratio of 10:1 and an MC below 40%, temperatures within all piles mainly exceeded 50°C within the first 24 h. Statistical analyses showed that the sample location and the total hours at temperatures ≥50 and 55°C in the piles had significant influences on the survival of E. coli in the chicken manure compost. The season and manure treatment method had no significant effects on the presence of E. coli.

Abstract Hydrochars as carbonaceous amendments rich in porous structures and nutrients can be used as promising slow-release fertilizers and soil health amendments. Yet, the performance of hydrochars derived from different feedstocks in improving crop plant growth and soil phosphorus (P) availability is not well understood. Here, a batch of sewage sludge (SS) and chicken manure (CM) derived hydrochars (SSCs and CMCs) were produced at 125 and 225 °C (SS125/225 and CM125/225) to investigate their characteristics and performances in improving the seedling growth of two representative crops, soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays), as well as the P availability in an acidic agricultural soil in comparison with triple super phosphate (TSP), a conventional P fertilizer. Compared with CMCs, SSCs with more porous and rougher surfaces contained relatively lower contents of carbon (C; 32.3–33.3%), hydrogen (H; 3.9–4.69%), and potassium (K; 29.2–51 mg g−1), but higher contents of P (37.4–85.4%) and nitrogen (N; 2.26–4.9%), as well as more O-containing and N-containing functional groups. The impacts of hydrochars on soybean and corn growth showed distinct variations. The application of SSCs showed little effect on soybean growth (i.e., biomass, chlorophyl contents, and number of leaves), while CMCs significantly increased its total dry biomass by 23.2–66.2%. For corn, both SSCs and CMCs increased the total dry biomass by 32.8–92.4% and 21.8–69.7%, respectively, compared to those in the un-amended soils. In addition, compared with the higher temperature hydrochars (SS225 and CM225), the lower temperature ones (SS125 and CM125) increased the total dry biomass by 24.6% and 34.9% for soybean and 44.8% and 39.3% for corn, respectively. The significant improvement in crop growth by hydrochars was mainly due to the direct nutrient supply (particularly P) by the hydrochars, which was supported by the increased soil and shoot P concentrations. Moreover, hydrochar application led to a rise in soil water soluble P (WSP) levels. However, as time progressed, these levels fell due to the fixation and adsorption of P via precipitation, electrostatic attraction, and ion exchange on the hydrochars. Contrarily, TSP maintained persistently high soil WSP levels, increasing the leaching risk of P through the soil profile. Our results provide direct evidence for hydrochars as slow-release P fertilizers to enhance crop growth and production and give better insights for producing functionalized P-rich chars as an alternative to chemical P fertilizers to maintain sustainable agricultural production. Graphical Abstract

Due to the rapid development of animal husbandry, the associated environmental problems cannot be ignored, with the management of livestock and poultry manure emerging as the most prominent issue. Composting technology has been widely used in livestock and poultry manure management. A deeper understanding of the nitrogen conversion process during composting offers a theoretical foundation for selecting compost substrates. In this study, the effects of sawdust (CK) and spent mushroom compost (T1) as auxiliary materials on nitrogen as well as microbial structure in the composting process when composted with chicken manure were investigated. At the end of composting, the nitrogen loss of T1 was reduced by 17.18% relative to CK. When used as a compost substrate, spent mushroom compost accelerates the succession of microbial communities within the compost pile and alters the core microbial communities within the microbial community. Bacterial genera capable of cellulose degradation (Fibrobacter, Herbinix) are new core microorganisms that influence the assimilation of nitrate reduction during compost maturation. Using spent mushroom compost as a composting substrate increased the enzyme activity of nitrogen assimilation while decreasing the enzyme activity of the denitrification pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effect of compound antibiotics on anaerobic digestion of chicken manure, the inhibitory effect of three different combinations of oxytetracycline (OTC), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), and enrofloxacin (ENR) on anaerobic digestion of chicken manure was studied by the sequencing batch method. Under the condition of adding three different combinations of antibiotics, the experiment was run for 50 days. The concentrations of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), VFAs, and methane production in the reactor were measured, and the microbial diversity affecting the stability of the system was analyzed. The results showed that OTC and SMZ inhibited methane production, while SMZ and ENR promoted methane production, and the cumulative methane production was R4>R3>R1>R2. After the 25th day, the SCOD concentration in the R2 and R4 groups decreased, which was due to the existence of SMZ and ENR promoting the degradation of SCOD. TAN concentrations in the four groups were kept between 1,190 and 2,100 mg/L. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the mixed antibiotics had different effects on the bacterial community, which was mainly composed of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, unidentified bacteria, Cloacimonadota, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetota. Bacteroidota was superior in the whole reaction process under the influence of OTC and SMZ because it stimulated the microbial flora and made its activity higher. The study provides relevant data for the proper management of livestock manure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poultry waste can be produced into high-quality organic fertilizers by composting. In this project, a microbial agent was constructed. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of additives (microbial agent (TB) and manure compost (TM)) on composting process of chicken litter with mushroom residue. Results indicated that TB exhibited the highest composting temperature (72.1°C) and TM exhibited the longest high-temperature period (10 days). TB nutrients were better retained compared to the control and achieving a final total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) at 1.92%, 5.38% and 4.61%, respectively. After composting, the TP increased 1.22% in the treatments with manure compost inoculation compared with initial phase, while it increased 0.95% in CK2. At the end of composting, TM had lower E4/E6 values and organic matter (OM) content compared to CK2 illustrating that the addition of mature compost enhanced the humification of compost. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) analysis revealed that TM increased microbial community diversity, however, TB decreased microbial community diversity compared to the control. Compared with the direct addition of a few specific microorganisms as microbial agents, the addition of mature compost can obviously increase the microbial species in the composting process, extend high-temperature period and promote fermentation process. Obviously, the above research results provide theoretical lessons on how to rationally add exogenous microbes to promote the composting process scientifically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrochars as carbonaceous amendments rich in porous structures and nutrients can be used as promising slow-release fertilizers and soil health amendments. Yet, the performance of hydrochars derived from different feedstocks in improving crop plant growth and soil phosphorus (P) availability is not well understood. Here, a batch of sewage sludge (SS) and chicken manure (CM) derived hydrochars (SSCs and CMCs) were produced at 125 and 225 °C (SS125/225 and CM125/225) to investigate their characteristics and performances in improving the seedling growth of two representative crops, soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays), as well as the P availability in an acidic agricultural soil in comparison with triple super phosphate (TSP), a conventional P fertilizer. Compared with CMCs, SSCs with more porous and rougher surfaces contained relatively lower contents of carbon (C; 32.3–33.3%), hydrogen (H; 3.9–4.69%), and potassium (K; 29.2–51 mg g−1), but higher contents of P (37.4–85.4%) and nitrogen (N; 2.26–4.9%), as well as more O-containing and N-containing functional groups. The impacts of hydrochars on soybean and corn growth showed distinct variations. The application of SSCs showed little effect on soybean growth (i.e., biomass, chlorophyl contents, and number of leaves), while CMCs significantly increased its total dry biomass by 23.2–66.2%. For corn, both SSCs and CMCs increased the total dry biomass by 32.8–92.4% and 21.8–69.7%, respectively, compared to those in the un-amended soils. In addition, compared with the higher temperature hydrochars (SS225 and CM225), the lower temperature ones (SS125 and CM125) increased the total dry biomass by 24.6% and 34.9% for soybean and 44.8% and 39.3% for corn, respectively. The significant improvement in crop growth by hydrochars was mainly due to the direct nutrient supply (particularly P) by the hydrochars, which was supported by the increased soil and shoot P concentrations. Moreover, hydrochar application led to a rise in soil water soluble P (WSP) levels. However, as time progressed, these levels fell due to the fixation and adsorption of P via precipitation, electrostatic attraction, and ion exchange on the hydrochars. Contrarily, TSP maintained persistently high soil WSP levels, increasing the leaching risk of P through the soil profile. Our results provide direct evidence for hydrochars as slow-release P fertilizers to enhance crop growth and production and give better insights for producing functionalized P-rich chars as an alternative to chemical P fertilizers to maintain sustainable agricultural production. Highlights: • Sewage sludge derived hydrochars (SSCs) with richer porous had higher P and N contents than chicken manure hydrochars (CMCs). • Soil amended with SSCs and CMCs increased corn growth but only CMCs enhanced soybean growth. • Both SSCs and CMCs increased shoot P uptake of corn and soybean, while they mitigated soil P leaching via adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia, nitrate, and phosphate in animal manure used as fertilizer reduce environmental quality by running off agricultural fields into natural water resources. Runoff and seepage water from five soil management practices (chicken manure CM, sewage sludge SS, chitin CH, biochar Bio, and no-amendment NA control plots), were investigated for their potential nutrient catching down the field slope of a sweet potato, Ipomoea balata field. The results revealed that CM-amended soil released the greatest runoff water volume (172.6 L plot −1) compared to the control treatment (98.6 L plot −1), indicating a 75% increase in the runoff water volume. CM also increased the percolated water into the rhizosphere of the growing plants by 55% compared to the control, whereas SS reduced the runoff water volume and increased the leaching water by 36% and 82%, respectively (a desirable attribute of water conservation), compared to the control plots. The concentration of PO4−3 ions in the percolated water from the biochar treatment was significantly greater compared to the other treatments, indicating there was no impact of biochar on binding PO4−3 ions. SS reduced the nitrate concentrations in the runoff and increased the seepage water volume percolated towards the roots of the growing plants; a desired attribute for preventing surface water contamination by nitrates. Observing the precipitation pattern and improving the N application rate are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the threat to food supply and human health posed by cadmium-contaminated wastewater, a highly effective adsorbent is under necessary development to remove cadmium from wastewater. In this study, four new types of modified biochars with different modifier concentrations were prepared from chicken manure using K2FeO4 as a modifier, and the modified biochar KFBC1 with the best adsorption effect was obtained through optimal experiments. Various characterization analyses have shown that KFBC1 has a rough surface structure, abundant pore structure, and a large number of functional groups. Additionally, iron oxides are introduced on the surface of the biochar, which provided a favorable condition for the adsorption of Cd(II) in wastewater. The adsorption performance of Cd(II) on the biochar before and after modification was investigated through batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption kinetic model of KFBC1 to Cd(II) in solution was in accordance with the quasi-secondary kinetic model, and the adsorption isothermal model was in accordance with the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 330.06 mg/g, which was 5.15 fold of pristine BC. Meanwhile, the adsorption rate of Cd(II) by KFBC1 was positively correlated with dosage and pH. Pore adsorption, ion exchange, surface precipitation, interaction with -π electrons, and complexation of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface were considered as important mechanisms for the removal of Cd(II) by KFBC1. According to the results, KFBC1 is a novel and efficient adsorbent that can be used as a treatment agent for cadmium-contaminated wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was done in the 2022 growing season on 16-year-old Arbequina olive trees cultivated at 6×6 m apart in clay sandy loam soil under drip irrigation system in a private orchard located at Zakho region, Duhok governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq, to study the influence of different types of fertilizers on the growth and productivity of olive trees (Olea europaea L.) cv. Arbequina. The experiment consists of twenty-seven treatments (three levels of soil application of chicken manure 0,5, 10 kg tree-1, foliar application of three conc. of seaweed extract (Sea force) 0,10,20 ml L-1 and soil application of three levels of mineral fertilizer Blaukorn NPK (12:12:16) at level (0, 150, and 200g tree-1 ), mineral fertilizer was applied three times per season: First: at vegetative growth stage. Second: at full bloom. Third: after setting of fruits. Results indicate that soil application of chicken manure, especially at 10 kg tree-1, and foliar spraying of Sea force at 20 ml L-1 significantly increased all studied characters (average leaf area, total chlorophyll content, number of flowers/inflorescences, fruit set %, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, total yield per tree, fruit total soluble solids (TSS%), Percentage of oil). Soil application of Blaukorn, especially at 200 g tree-1, significantly increased (average leaf area, fruits length, width and weight, and TSS). The binary and triple interactions of the study treatments on all the traits under investigation also showed a significant increase, particularly for the high levels of the study factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Utilization of waste oil palm empty fruit bunches as an ameliorant in the form of biochar enriched with chicken manure and urea fertilizer to increase the fertility of immature (seedling) oil palm planted on peat soil which has poor soil physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Methods: Biochar material, namely empty fruit bunches, was subjected to conventional pyrolysis for 3, 4 and 5 hours at a temperature of 400°C. Then the biochar is weighed to get the desired proportion of biochar then sieved through a 60 mesh sieve.nd analyzed for pH, ash content, organic-C, total-N, total-P, total-K, as well as biochar functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and structural analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The implementation of the research consisted of 2 activities, namely 1) Planting oil palm seedlings in polybags by giving treatment according to the dose and 2) Chemical characterization of biochar, peat soil properties and growth and NPK uptake of oil palm seedlings. Results: Bs1 treatment: (Biochar oil palm empty fruit bunches: chicken manure:urea by (280g:555g:90g) increased plant height to 213%, 36% number of leaves, 49.7% soil total N, 16.2% available P, and 35% available K compared to control. Conclusion: Palm oil waste in the form of empty bunches of biochar, has special properties such as porous structure, relatively large surface area with various functional groups, hence it has the potential as an ameliorant to increase marginal soil fertility including peat and increase plant growth of oil palm seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the effect of kitchen waste addition ratio on the aerobic co-composting process of chicken manure and wheat straw, different proportions of kitchen waste were added to the mixed system with a dry weight ratio of chicken manure to wheat straw of 1∶ 5, and aerobic co-composting was performed using a forced intermittent ventilation aerobic composting device. The results showed that in the mixed system of chicken manure and wheat straw, when the proportion of kitchen waste was 0. 05 and 1, the com- posting pile entered the high temperature period ( > 50 ℃ ) earlier than other treatments and maintained for 8 days, with higher organic matter removal rate (13. 35% and 18. 20%, respectively) and germination index (116. 3% and 120. 6%, respectively) . When the addition ratio of kitchen waste was higher than 1, the pile achieve the high temperature period was later and the time maintained was shorter. Adding kitchen waste reduced pH and EC value of the pile, and improved the removal rate of organic matter (13. 35% ~ 20. 63% ) . Also, scanning electron microscope showed the straw surface was obviously broken then others. Redundancy analysis ( RDA) showed that pH, zinc, EC were the key environmental factors affecting the changes of GI and VS during composting and showed positive relationship. Therefore, appropriate addition of kitchen waste can promote the composting of chicken manure and wheat straw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Waste-treated-waste materials for ammonia adsorption. • Cost-effective adsorbents without costly materials or chemicals. • Real-world application with real chicken manure. • Waste-based ammonia adsorbent had 55% capacity of commercial product. • Circular utilization of spent adsorbent for CO 2 capture. NH 3 pollution is a significant problem in the poultry farming because excess NH 3 can negatively impact chicken health and stunt their growth. Therefore, this study investigated the low-cost production of bagasse fly ash (FA)—a byproduct of the sugar industry—as an NH 3 adsorbent. Hydrothermal carbonization and activation were applied to enhance NH 3 adsorption using FA. In the experiments, the adsorption capabilities were improved using industrial waste materials mixed with bamboo char or red mud. The experimental results indicate that bagasse FA mixed with bamboo hydrochar under 10 % loading achieved an NH 3 adsorption capacity of ∼ 1.02 mg-NH 3 /g-adsorbent, or ∼ 55 % of that of the commercial adsorbent. To avoid secondary pollution and provide the spent absorbents with an added value, their use in CO 2 capture applications was evaluated. The results showed that the adsorbent had a 0.28 mmol-CO 2 /g-adsorbent capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was carried out at the Dicle University, Agriculture Faculty, southeast Anatolia of Turkiyeduring the years 2020 and 2021. The study was conducted to determine the effect of chicken manure levels (2.0 and 3.0 t ha-1), nitrogen and phosphorus levels (40:60, 40:80 and 40:100 kg ha-1) and their combinations (chicken manure levels + NP levels) on the growth, yield and yield components of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Fertilizers on the soil surface were applied at sowing time. Dry biomass, dry stem weight, dry leaf weight and leaf area were investigated at 15 days intervals starting from 20 days after the emerging (DAE) until80 DAE. Seed yield and yield components were evaluated at the maturity time. The effect of fertilizer treatments on growth, yield and yield components was significant, and fertilizer treatments increased the growth, yield and yield components compared to the control. The highest dry biomass, dry stem weight, dry leaf weight and leaf area values were observed when chicken manure 3 tha-1 +40N+100P kg ha-1at65 DAE was applied. The highest seed yield, number of primary and secondary branches and pod weight plant-1 were observed at the application of chicken manure2 t ha-1 + 40N + 60P kg ha-1combination. Seed yield ranged from 1521.5 kg ha-1 in control plots to 2742.1 kg ha-1 in chicken 2 t ha-1 + 40N + 100P kg ha-1. Therefore, adding chicken manure (2 t ha-1) and chemical fertilizers (40N+100P kg ha-1) combinations to nutrient management systems was deduced more efficient than chemical fertilizer or chicken manure alone treatments on growth and yield of common bean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poultry industry is generating a significant amount of waste from chicken droppings that are abundant in microbes as well as macro- and micronutrients suitable for manure. It has the potential to improve the microbial activity and nutrient dynamics in the soil, ultimately improving soil fertility. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of chicken droppings manure (CDM) on the diversity of the soil microbiome in the free walking chicken's area located in Stefanidar, Rostov Region, Russia. The data obtained were compared with 16 s rRNA from control samples located not far from the chicken's free-walking area, but not in direct contact with the droppings. Effect of CDM on the physicochemical characteristics of the soil and changes in its microbial diversity were assessed by employing the metagenomic approaches and 16 s rRNA-based taxonomic assessment. The alpha and beta diversity indices revealed that the application of the CDM significantly improved the soil microbial diversity. The 16S taxonomical analysis confirmed Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes as abundant bacterial phylum. It also revealed the increase in the total number of the individual operational taxonomic unit (OTU) species, a qualitative indicator of the rich microbial community. The alpha diversity confirmed that the significant species richness of the soil is associated with the CDM treatment. The increased OTUs represent the qualitative indicator of a community that has been studied up to the depth of 5–20 cm of the CDM treatment range. These findings suggested that CDM-mediated microbial richness are believed to confer the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, along with key soil enzymes such as dehydrogenases and catalase carbohydrate-active enzymes. Hence, the application of CDM could improve soil fertility by nutrient cycling caused by changes in soil microbial dynamics, and it could also be a cost-effective sustainable means of improving soil health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]