Search

An intricate relationship exists, and interactions occur between the gut microbiota and colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent studies have indicated that inflammatory reactions stimulated by Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) lead to the development of CRC. Radical surgery combined with adjuvant chemotherapy is the primary treatment approach for most CRC patients. This study was designed to evaluate the abundance of Fn as part of the gut microbiota in patients with CRC compared to healthy individuals and to assess the effect of the gut microbiota Fn on patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy and those experiencing CRC relapse. There were 201 participants, comprising 50 healthy controls and 151 CRC patients. Stool samples were collected from three CRC groups (postoperatively, chemotherapy and relapse), and the fourth was the healthy control group. The amount of Fn in each sample was analyzed using quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification-phenol red (QLAMP-PhR), a novel biomolecular method that targets regions encoding the specific Fn FadA gene. Compared with healthy control stool samples, the Fn levels were significantly elevated in all CRC patient groups (P < 0.001), and it was significantly more frequent in the CRC relapse patients (group C) (P < 0.001). In addition, Fn abundance increased significantly in the distal colon compared to the proximal colon (P < 0.001). Both CRC relapse and chemotherapy exert significant reciprocal effects on the gut microbiota Fn of CRC patients. Microbiota-based intervention may be beneficial for patients during postoperative care, especially in CRC relapsing cases. Registration: This study of the clinical trial has been registered in the ISRCTN registry with study registration number ISRCTN53358464. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN53358464 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the relationship between seven antibody of lung cancer and the chemotherapy effect and prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 42 patients with NSCLC admitted to Taihe County People's Hospital from June 2022 to December 2023 were selected. All subjects underwent 4 cycles of chemotherapy. They were divided into effective group (n=25) and non-effective group (n=17) according to the outcome of chemotherapy. The seven antibody of lung cancer were titrated and compared and the efficacy in evaluating chemotherapy was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In addition, the subjects were divided into a good prognosis group (n=21) and a poor prognosis group (n=21) according to the difference in clinical outcomes. The seven antibody of lung cancer were titrated and compared between the two groups, and the relationship between the antibody level and the prognosis of NSCLC patients was determined by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results The antibody level in effective group was lower than that in the non-effective group (P＜0.05). ROC curve analysis confirmed that the level of CAGE,GAGE7, GBU4-5, P53,PGP95, SOX2 and MAGEA1 is significantly related to better efficacy of chemotherapy and the areas under the curve were 0.861, 0.769, 0.778, 0.786, 0.793, 0.842 and 0.833, respectively. The antibody level of lung cancer in poor prognosis group was higher than those in good prognosis group (P＜0.05). Multiple Logistic regression analysis confirmed that the seven antibody levels were the risk factors for poor prognosis in NSCLC patients(all OR value＞1, P＜0.05). Conclusions The level of seven antibody of lung cancer are negatively related to the chemotherapy effect and prognosis of NSCLC patients. With increase of the seven antibody level of lung cancer, prognosis of patients resulted from chemotherapy is worse.

Copyright of Basic & Clinical Medicine is the property of Editorial Office of Basic & Clinical Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the acute or chronic post-chemotherapy effect and different chemotherapy cycles effect on brain glucose metabolism. Methods: A total of seventy-three patients who received chemotherapy after being diagnosed with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and underwent 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scan at Nuclear Medicine Department of the Fifth Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between September 2017 and August 2022 were included. Seventy-two healthy control patients who underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT scans at our department, without any evidence of malignancy and confirmed by follow-up visits, were included. Advanced NSCLC patients were classified into six arms: short-to-long course (chemotherapy cycles under 4, between 5 and 8 and more than 8) in acute chemotherapy effect (AC) group (scanned 18F-FDG PET/CT within 6 months post-chemotherapy) or chronic chemotherapy effect (CC) group (the interval between scanning and the last chemotherapy session more than six months). Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) analysis between patients’ groups and healthy controls’ brain 18F-FDG PET was performed (uncorrected p ˂ 0.001 with cluster size above 20 contiguous voxels). Results: There were no significant differences between patients’ groups and healthy controls in age, gender and body mass index (BMI). SPM PET analyses revealed anomalous brain metabolic activity in different groups (p ˂ 0.001). Short-course + AC group exhibited hypermetabolism in the cerebellum and widespread hypometabolism in bilateral frontal lobe predominantly. Only hypometabolic brain regions were observed in middle-course + AC patients. Long-course + AC group displayed a greater number of abnormalities. Notably, these metabolic abnormalities tended to decrease in CC groups versus AC groups across all courses. Conclusion: Our study revealed that patients with advanced NSCLC who underwent chemotherapy exhibited persistent abnormal brain metabolism patterns during continuous chemotherapy and these abnormalities tended to recover after completion of chemotherapy over time, but without correlation to an increasing number of chemotherapy cycles. 18F-FDG PET/CT may serve as a possible modality for evaluating brain function and guiding appropriate treatment timing.

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an important part of the comprehensive treatment of advanced gastric cancer (GC). The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy plays a key role in the prognosis of GC patients. Pathological response can represent the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, evidence focused on pathological response and associated clinicopathological factors in GC patients is quite little. In this retrospective study, the clinicopathological factors affecting the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in GC patients were investigated, and suggestions were proposed to improve the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on GC. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on GC patients who received radical surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy from February 2016 to December 2019 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Relevant clinicopathological data was collected to analyze the factors influencing the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine the cutoff value of variables which significantly influenced the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results A total of 203 GC patients were included in the study. Analyses showed that patients < 60 years old (OR = 1.840 [1.016–3.332], P = 0.044), histological type of poor differentiation or signet-ring cell carcinoma (OR = 2.606 [1.321–5.140], P = 0.006), and weight loss during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR = 2.110 [1.161–3.834], P = 0.014) were independent risk factors for neoadjuvant chemotherapy effect. In ROC analysis of weight change and neoadjuvant chemotherapy effect, area under the curve (AUC) was 0.593 (P = 0.024) and cutoff value of weight change was − 2.95%. Chi-square test showed that patients without weight loss during neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a higher rate of oral nutritional supplement (ONS) than patients with weight loss (P = 0.039). Conclusions Patients 2.95% during neoadjuvant may have a worse chemotherapy effect. Timely nutritional support such as ONS to maintain patients’ body weight is crucial for improving the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the chemotherapy effect on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL) patients with different CD5 expression by 18F-FDG PET/CT, and discuss related influence factors. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the PET/CT manifestation of 55 patients initially diagnosed as DLBCL. Deauville 5-score(5-PS) standard was applied to compare the chemotherapy effect between DLBCL patients with CD5(+) and CD5(-), and analyze if there was difference in age, gender, Ann Arbor staging, B symptoms, invasion position, LDH, IPI or SUVmax in DLBCL patients with different CD5 expression. Results There was no significant difference in age, gender or SUVmax between CD5(+) and CD5(-) DLBCL patients (P=0.105, 0.931, 0.203); while there was significant difference in Ann Arbor staging, B symptoms, nodal or extranodal, LDH, IPI (P=0.005, 0.037, 0.014, 0.003, 0.029). The therapeutic effect on patients with CD5(-) was better than those with CD5(+) (P=0.018). Age, gender, SUVmax were not independent influence factors for chemotherapeutic effect (P=0.050, 0.230, 0.179), while Ann Arbor staging, B symptoms, nodal or extranodal, LDH and IPI were independent influence factors (P=0.007, 0.006, 0.043, 0.020, 0.015). Conclusion DLBCL patients with CD5(+) are prone to recurrence or new lesions in the follow-up period. There is no correlation between CD5 expression and gender or SUVmax. Ann Arbor staging, B symptoms, nodal or extranodal, LDH and IPI are independent influence factors for chemotherapeutic efficacy.

Objective To discuss the correlation between Ki67 expression and 18F-FDG PET/CT SUVmax in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBLC) and their application in the evaluation of chemotherapy effect. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 18F-FDG PET/CT images of 55 patients initially diagnosed as DLBLC in our hospital, observed the correlation between Ki67 expression and SUVmax, evaluated the chemotherapy effect by 18F-FDG PET/CT scan, and analyzed whether age, gender, SUVmax and Ki67 expression were the independent influence factors of chemotherapy effect. Results SUVmax was positively correlated with Ki67 expression (P < 0.05), but no correlation with chemotherapy effect (P > 0.05); Age, gender, SUVmax and Ki67 were not independent influencing factors of chemotherapy effect (P > 0.05). Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT SUVmax could predict the proliferation and invasion of DLBCL cells, but there is no correlation between SUVmax and chemotherapy effect. Age, gender, SUVmax and Ki67 expression are not independent influencing factors of chemotherapy effect.

Abstract Wilms tumors (WT) with WT1 mutations do not respond well to preoperative chemotherapy by volume reduction, suggesting resistance to chemotherapy. The histologic pattern of this tumor subtype indicates an intrinsic mesenchymal differentiation potential. Currently, it is unknown whether cytotoxic treatments can induce a terminal differentiation state as a direct comparison of untreated and chemotherapy‐treated tumor samples has not been reported so far. We conducted gene expression profiling of 11 chemotherapy and seven untreated WT1‐mutant Wilms tumors and analyzed up‐ and down‐regulated genes with bioinformatic methods. Cell culture experiments were performed from primary Wilms tumors and genetic alterations in WT1 and CTNNB1 analyzed. Chemotherapy induced MYF6 165‐fold and several MYL and MYH genes more than 20‐fold and repressed many genes from cell cycle process networks. Viable tumor cells could be cultivated when patients received less than 8 weeks of chemotherapy but not in two cases with longer treatments. In one case, viable cells could be extracted from a lung metastasis occurring after 6 months of intensive chemotherapy and radiation. Comparison of primary tumor and metastasis cells from the same patient revealed up‐regulation of RELN and TBX2, TBX4 and TBX5 genes and down‐regulation of several HOXD genes. Our analyses demonstrate that >8 weeks of chemotherapy can induce terminal myogenic differentiation in WT1‐mutant tumors, but this is not associated with volume reduction. The time needed for all tumor cells to achieve the terminal differentiation state needs to be evaluated. In contrast, prolonged treatments can result in genetic alterations leading to resistance.

Abstract: Wilms tumors (WT) with WT1 mutations do not respond well to preoperative chemotherapy by volume reduction, suggesting resistance to chemotherapy. The histologic pattern of this tumor subtype indicates an intrinsic mesenchymal differentiation potential. Currently, it is unknown whether cytotoxic treatments can induce a terminal differentiation state as a direct comparison of untreated and chemotherapy‐treated tumor samples has not been reported so far. We conducted gene expression profiling of 11 chemotherapy and seven untreated WT1‐mutant Wilms tumors and analyzed up‐ and down‐regulated genes with bioinformatic methods. Cell culture experiments were performed from primary Wilms tumors and genetic alterations in WT1 and CTNNB1 analyzed. Chemotherapy induced MYF6 165‐fold and several MYL and MYH genes more than 20‐fold and repressed many genes from cell cycle process networks. Viable tumor cells could be cultivated when patients received less than 8 weeks of chemotherapy but not in two cases with longer treatments. In one case, viable cells could be extracted from a lung metastasis occurring after 6 months of intensive chemotherapy and radiation. Comparison of primary tumor and metastasis cells from the same patient revealed up‐regulation of RELN and TBX2, TBX4 and TBX5 genes and down‐regulation of several HOXD genes. Our analyses demonstrate that >8 weeks of chemotherapy can induce terminal myogenic differentiation in WT1‐mutant tumors, but this is not associated with volume reduction. The time needed for all tumor cells to achieve the terminal differentiation state needs to be evaluated. In contrast, prolonged treatments can result in genetic alterations leading to resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the expression of TLRs/mydSS signal in CTC of patients with pancreatic cancer and the relationship between chemotherapy and metastasis and recurrence. Methods: 48 cases with pancreatic cancer had treated and diagnosed in June 2015 to June 2016 were selected as the experimental group. The expression of TLRs and myd88 and the relationship between the expression of TLRs and myd88 was observed. Results: 35cases of CTC were detected in 4Scases of pancreatic cancer. The detection rate was 72.9%. Pancreatic cancer death, metastasis, recurrence in patients with TLR4. TLR9 and nivdSS expression levels were higher than the survival, without metastasis, without recurrence, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). pancreatic cancer chemotherapeutic effect CR of TLR4. TLR9 and myd88 expression level was significantly lower than chemotherapy PR. SD and PD patients, and the differences between the four groups was statistically significant (P <0.05): TLR4. TLR9 and mydSS were positively correlated with the invasion, lymph node metastasis, minor size and CA199 level (P<0.05). Conclusion: The expressions of TLRs/mydSS in CTC of patients with pancreatic cancer is closely related to the effect of chemotherapy and metastasis and recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Stromal and immune cells in TME were potential prognostic biomarkers in CRC. • The score model enhanced TNM staging system in predicting prognosis. • Low-risk patients improved survival by 5-Fu and FUFOL regimens. • High-risk group developed tumor progression mainly through EMT. • High-risk patients might benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. The stromal and immune cells crosstalk with cancer cells in tumor microenvironment, but few studies have fully considered the overall landscape of the infiltrating stromal and immune cells in colorectal cancer. We enrolled 1836 colorectal cancer patients and divided them into the training, validation and test cohorts. 64 stromal and immune cells were quantified in each primary colorectal cancer tissue by estimating gene expression data using xCell algorithm. Univariate, LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analyses were subsequently employed to establish a stromal and immune score prognostic model based on 13 potential cell biomarkers. Patients of the three cohorts were divided into the high- and low-risk groups according to the cutoff value. Compared with the low-risk group, high-risk group showed significant shorter survival, worse clinicopathologic outcomings, higher cancer-related expressions and more active epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. 5-Fu and FUFOL chemotherapy regimens made the low-risk patients gain significant survival advantage, while none chemotherapy regimens benefited the high-risk group, which may benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. The nomogram combining the stromal and immune score with standard TNM staging system showed better predictive accuracy than TNM stage alone. The stromal and immune cell infiltration-based score model can effectively and efficiently predict the prognosis and chemotherapy effect in colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, there has been a growing tendency to treat advanced gynaecological malignancies with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), with the goal of reducing tumour volume and enhancing operability resulting in optimal cytoreduction. This approach is used in particular for patients with advanced high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary, fallopian tube or peritoneum. Pathology plays a crucial role in the management of these patients, both before and after NACT. Prior to initiation of NACT, a biopsy should be performed, usually of the omental cake, to confirm that a malignancy is present, to identify the site of origin of the tumour and to type and grade the tumour. Histopathologists must be aware of the resultant morphological effects of NACT when examining specimens following interval cytoreduction surgery. Tumour typing and grading, and even the identification of residual neoplasia, are particular challenges. Immunohistochemistry, when used judiciously, can be a useful adjunct in certain scenarios. A pathological assessment of the response to chemotherapy, and the pathological stage should be provided in the pathology report, as these may inform prognosis and subsequent management. We present a comprehensive overview of the relevant clinical and pathological aspects pertaining to NACT for gynaecological malignancies for the practicing surgical pathologist., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)