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To our knowledge, precise data concerning the pollution in terms of qualitative and quantitative fluctuations in discharge water from the laundry sector have seldom been reported. This study investigated the chemical composition of the discharge water from a laundry industry. Over 160 chemical substances and 15 standard water parameters were monitored. The results showed that the discharge water presented both inorganic and organic polycontamination with a high degree of qualitative and quantitative variability. However, of all monitored substances, only five metals (Al, Cu, Fe, Sr, and Zn), five minerals (P, Ca, K, Na, and S), and alkylphenols were systematically present and quantifiable. For a daily average water flow of 129 m3, the released metal flux was 356 g/d. Substances, such as trichloromethane, brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) 47, and fluorides, were occasionally found and quantified. Other substances, such as chlorophenols, organo-tins, and pesticides were never identified. All the samples had quantifiable levels in the chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and hydrocarbons. Only the concentrations of Zn (8.3 g/d), Cu (21.4 g/d), and BOD (57.4 g/d) were close to or above the regulatory values: 74.0 g/d for Zn, 9.0 g/d for Cu, and 57.0 kg/d for BOD. The data obtained from this study are useful to the choice of additional treatments for the reduction of pollutant fluxes.

Our university has been conducting safety and health risk assessments in accordance with the Basic Health and Safety Policy established in 2005. In this context, a risk assessment of chemical substances has been in place. The implementation of chemical substance risk assessment became mandatory by Japanese law in FY 2016. At our university, the series of safety risk assessments has totaled approximately 6,500 cases. Of these, the most common damage predicted was "Fire" at around 16%, followed by "Burn" at about 13%, and "Chemical burn" at approximately 11%. Of the risk assessments in which "Fire" was the predicted damage, "Chemical substance" was the most frequently identified hazard. Specifically, around 40% of "Chemical substance" was "Flammable liquid", about 30% was "Spontaneously combustible substance and water-prohibiting substance", and approximately 9% was "Other hazardous material". It should be noted that there was a negative association between the percentage of risk assessments performed and the percentage of actual accidents that occurred. That is, what is strongly recognized as a hazard in risk assessment tends to have fewer occurrences as an actual accident cause. As a rule, the identified hazard in the risk assessment and the main cause of the actual accident were consistent, and the risk assessment based on the assumption of several predictable types of damage from a single hazard could have been directly attributed to the prevention of actual accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: As 3,3′,5-triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC), a metabolite of thyroid hormones (THs), was previously detected in sewage effluent, we aimed to investigate exogenous TRIAC’s potential for endocrine disruption. We administered either TRIAC or 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (LT3) to euthyroid mice and 6-propyl-2-thiouracil-induced hypothyroid mice. In hypothyroid mice, TRIAC administration suppressed the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and upregulated TH-responsive genes in the pituitary gland, the liver, and the heart. We observed that, unlike LT3, TRIAC administration did not upregulate cerebral TH-responsive genes. Measurement of TRIAC contents suggested that TRIAC was not efficiently trafficked into the cerebrum. By analyzing euthyroid mice, we found that cerebral TRIAC content did not increase despite TRIAC administration at higher concentrations, whereas serum levels and cerebral contents of THs were substantially decreased. Disruption by TRIAC is due to the additive effects of circulating endogenous THs being depleted via a negative feedback loop involving the HPT axis and heterogeneous distribution of TRIAC among different organs.

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chemical substances are used worldwide as rodenticides, insecticides and herbicides, and also to protect animals against ectoparasites. Poisoning from chemical substances can occur in dogs and cats from both non-accidental and accidental causes. Non-accidental causes include the intentional abuse of chemical substances. This is regarded as animal cruelty and is illegal in many countries. By contrast, accidental causes result from animals ingesting poisonous substances unintentionally such as baits containing rodenticides or eating dead or alive poisoned rodents. Knowledgeable use of poisonous chemicals is vital for the safety of pets. Clinical signs of poisoning in dogs and cats depend on the type of chemical substances, species, lethal dose (LD50) and duration after exposure. This review summarises the common chemical substances that can endanger dogs and cats including rodenticides, insecticides, molluscicides, herbicides, paracetamol and antifreeze chemicals (ethylene glycol). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of substance is considered fundamental in order to understand chemistry and other related concepts, but many problems have been reported about its learning process. Considering the importance of textbooks in the training of chemistry teachers, this study aimed to identify the concepts of substance in general chemistry textbook glossaries. In addition, the study assessed the concepts of substance in relation to other chemical concepts and, when available, compared them with the concepts established by the IUPAC (Compendium of chemical terminology, 2 ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1997). The methodology employed was content analysis and the results showed that concepts and statements related to the term 'substance' are different in the general chemistry textbooks analyzed. They also differ from those stated by IUPAC. Furthermore, it was found that many concepts are dependent on the concept of substance. It is concluded that there must be a greater effort from the community of chemists and the teaching of chemistry in the search for conceptual uniformity to reduce the problems of conceptual understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the construction of a polarimeter for the identification of chemical substances. The device was built with low-cost materials, measures the phenomenon of optical activity and has educational applicability. The measurement of optical activity is achieved through the measurement of the resulting polarized radiation in a photodiode connected to a voltmeter after passing through polarizing and analyzing filters.

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) remains one of the leading agents of urinary tract infection (UTIs), it has become resistant to many drugs. Current work aimed to evaluate some chemical substances as antibacterial agents and molecular study of virulence factors associated with UTIs. Methods: This work involved 133 urine specimens obtained from females' patients suffering from UTIs, Methods of well diffusion and disk diffusion were achieved to assay the effect of some chemical substances and antibiogram profiles toward Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT)-resistant E. coli respectively. Virulence genes were done based on the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: The results recorded 49/133 (36.84%) E. coli among women suffering UTIs, 28/49 (57.14%) were resistant to SXT drug. imipenem, meropenem, and nitrofurantoin were recorded more effectively. Chemicals substances at the concentration 0.3 (g/ml) recorded percentages of inhibition, reaching 9.143±1.442, 15.36±0.5914, and 21.82±0.8699 for NaHCO3, Ch4c, and Viroxide Super™ respectively. PCR demonstrated that 28/28 (100%) of SXT-resistant E. coli isolates were harbored Sul-2, FeoB and PapC genes, while 14/28 (50%), 15/28 (53.57%), 19/28 (67.85%) and 26/28 (92.85%) in U250 (pet), FumC, Sul-1 and IutA genes, respectively. Sul-3 gene was not observed. Conclusions: Observed a high percentage of E. coli that were resistant to SXT drug, and having several virulence genes, poses a real threat, it requires a real pause to create substitutions to limit the spreading of this threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nicosulfuron is a herbicide used for plant protection. This paper presents the results of research on the physicochemical properties of three herbicidal preparations containing nicosulfuron as the active substance by measuring and comparing its concentration by the chromatographic method. These preparations are in the form of a concentrated suspension intended for dilution with water, and due to the fact that nicosulfuron contained in the tested preparations is sensitive to water quality, while checking the physicochemical properties of the preparations, a dispersion for soft (pH: 5–7) and hard (pH: 8–9) water was also determined. It is important to note that high content of mineral salts in water may have a negative effect on the biological activity of the substance. In addition, the use of herbicides does not only apply to the use of appropriate dilutions, which are effective and not harmful to the environment. However, it is also important to consider specific farmer and equipment used, so that the preparation is easy to use and does not adversely affect the kit used for spraying. This study has shown that depending on the preparation used based on the amount of active substance 40 g/l, the amount of nicosulfuron varies. The test indicators in the form of pH and density are similar, while during the tested dispersion, differences depending on the tested water were observed (sediments were observed in only one preparation tested). Differences depending on the occurrence of sediments in the water used, both at 0 and 24 h, are signaling in favor of the soft water. Therefore, it is important to assess the hardness of the water, which in turn guarantees a reduction of the amount of deposits and protection of agricultural equipment used for spraying.

Objectives According to the material flow analysis, the domestic flow of trichloroethylene with the highest emission among carcinogens in group 1 was determined. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for efficient chemical management and establish measures to reduce emissions. Methods In this study, the material flow analysis of trichloroethylene was analyzed in Korea in 2014. The material flow chart was presented using STAN 2.6 software. The flow of trichloroethylene by region and industry was analyzed to identify the characteristics of each flow, and the emission reduction method was presented. Results and Discussion Trichloroethylene was used up to 79.8% in the Seoul metropolitan area, 45.6% in the manufacturing of other machinery and equipment, and 29.4% in the manufacturing of fabricated metal products except machinery and furniture. Trichloroethylene was emitted 42.0% in the manufacturing of rubber and plastics products and 26.8% in the manufacturing of primary metals. The analysis of emissions by company size resulted in 3.9% of total emissions from large companies, 61.6% from mid-sized companies, and 34.5% from small-sized companies. Trichloroethylene was used in various industries and regions, with higher emissions compared to its use.mplement duties in the emission reduction plan, and consider emission reduction incentives. Conclusions Trichloroethylene has been emitted in large quantities relative to its usage. The study found that the management of chemicals in small businesses was insufficient. This result of the material flow analysis is used as basic data to reduce emissions of chemicals. The result of the study helps to recognize the risk of chemicals and suggest alternative materials, introduce inter-company information and expert exchange system, introduce a total amount of carcinogens emission system, implement duties in the emission reduction plan, and consider emission reduction incentives. In addition, measures to improve risk are proposed to establish risk-based database.

Background: Toxic agents are chemical substances or physical agents that, when interacting with living organisms, cause harmful effects. For animals, toxic products include those intended to combat endo and ectoparasites, rodenticide products, and heavy metals. Minerals and dietary additives, even if essential to the animal, can become toxic agents, among which sodium chloride, copper, urea, and ionophore antibiotics stand out. This study aimed to survey the diagnoses of accidental poisoning in ruminants over 65 years as recorded in the files of the Pathological Anatomy Sector of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. Materials, Methods & Results: The diagnoses of poisoning by ticks, rodenticides, heavy metals, macro and micronutrients, and dietary additives in ruminants were made based on the association of epidemiological, clinical, and anatomopathological findings and, in some cases, by histochemical (rubeanic acid and Masson trichrome) and toxicological examinations. A review of data recorded over 65 years identified 372 poisonings in ruminants. Of these, 85.5% (318/372) were in bovine species and 14.5% (54/372) in goats, sheep, and buffaloes. The outbreak of poisoning by organophosphates resulted in the death of 16 cattle that ingested contaminated broken rice and corn. The spraying of this product on the bags was intended to control insects. Intoxication due to excessive administration of abamectin resulted in the intoxication of 16 calves, in two distinct farms. Toxicosis caused by coumarin derivatives resulted in the death of six cattle after accidental ingestion of these rodenticides near the pens. Arsenic poisoning occurred due to ingestion of ant poison, available in bone meal and a mineral salt, through baths with arsenic-based ticks, or in cases later confirmed by toxicological analysis, resulting in the death of 109 cattle. Sodium chloride toxicosis resulted in the death of 10 sheep that became ill in two farms after excessive consumption of salt and private access to water. The diagnosed copper poisoning resulted in the death of 165 ruminants (154 cattle, 10 sheep, and 1 goat). Urea poisoning occurred due to excessive ingestion by 13 cattle and 4 buffaloes, without prior adaptation. Cases of poisoning by ionophore antibiotics occurred in 11 sheep, 18 buffaloes, and 4 cattle. In all cases, the source of exposure was mineral salt and/or feed with an excess of ionophores. The results of the laboratory tests varied according to the type of intoxication. Discussion: Among the means of diagnosing poisoning by toxic agents, minerals, and dietary additives, anamnesis should be detailed and highlighted to present all relevant information. It is the basis for toxicological diagnosis, because it generates information that helps in the definitive elucidation of cases and establishing control and prophylaxis plans, facilitates the prediction of prognosis, and directs the application of appropriate therapy, when possible. In the intoxication diagnoses reported here, the toxicological examination was important in elucidating the toxicosis caused by organophosphates, coumarin derivatives, arsenic, and copper, but the referral for toxicological analysis was previously indicated by a hypothesis generated during the anamnesis. Therefore, anamnesis becomes important yet elusive as toxicological examination leading to diagnosing intoxication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chemical veterans are commonly faced with physical, psychological, occupational and social problems. These veterans use relatively high levels of complementary and alternative medicine. Purpose: The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) usage and quality of life of chemical warfare veterans. Material and methods: Three hundred and sixty chemical veterans were assessed using a cross-sectional correlational study design. The study was conducted in infirmaries affiliated to the Kerman Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs, in southeast Iran, from 20 April to 20 July 2019. A questionnaire developed by researchers on the use of CAM, and SF-36 to assess the quality of life were used for data collection. Results: At least one type of CAM was used by 90% of the samples in the past year. The most common were prayer and herbal medicines. The mean quality of life in chemical veterans was 47.17 ± 18.36. The quality of life score was not significantly different between CAM and non-CAM users (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Chemical veterans have a poor quality of life. Although they use a variety of CAM methods along with other treatments, they do not have a significant effect on their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kimyasallar sadecekimyasal maddelerle çalışanlar için değil temas eden, kullanan her canlı içinrisk oluşturmaktadır. Kimyasallar başta soluduğumuz hava olmak üzere gıdaların,içme ve kullanma sularının, havanın kirlenmesine, doğal ortamın tahribatauğramasına ve ekosistemin değişmesine, çevre ve sağlığın olumsuz etkilenmesineneden olurlar. Kimyasal maddelerin olumsuz etkilerinin ortadan kaldırılmasınınveya azaltılmasının en etkili yöntemi kimyasal maddelerden kaynaklananrisklerin bilinmesi, analiz edilerek risklerin önlenmesine yönelik önlemlerinalınmasıdır. Risklerin önlenmesinde kimyasal maddelerin ve atıklarınınsınıflandırılması, etiketlenmesi, ambalajlanması, depolanması, taşınması,kullanılması ve bertarafının belirlenmiş kurallara ve yasal mevzuata uygunyapılması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu makalede Ar-Ge kuruluşunda kimyasalmaddelerin ve atıklarının sınıflandırılması, etiketlenmesi, ambalajlanması,kimyasal malzeme depolarının özellikleri, depolama kuralları, kimyasallarıntaşınması kuralları, kimyasal atıkların bertarafında uyulması gereken kurallarve yasal mevzuat incelenmiştir.

Copyright of Antalya Bilim University Law Review is the property of Antalya International University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of South China Agricultural University is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pengharum berbentuk cair dan gel merupakan pengharum ruangan modern yang banyak digunakan masyarakat. Berbagai macam zat kimia diduga terkandung di dalamnya, seperti etanol, formaldehida, naftalena, fenol, ptalat dan xilena. Zat kimia pengharum masuk pertama kali ke dalam tubuh melalui rongga hidung. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji perbedaan pengaruh paparan pengharum ruangan cair dan gel terhadap gambaran histologi mukosa respiratorius rongga hidung. Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental dengan post-test only control group design. Subyek penelitian adalah 18 ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan yang terbagi dalam 3 kelompok: kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok pemaparan pengharum ruangan cair dan kelompok paparan pengharum ruangan gel. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan dilanjutkan uji post hoc Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan ketebalan antara kelompok pengharum ruangan cair dengan kelompok gel p 0,008 (p0,05) dan antara kelompok pengharum ruangan cair dengan kelompok kontrol p 0,004 (p0,05), sedangkan perbedaan ketebalan kelompok pengharum ruangan gel dengan kelompok kontrol p 0,197 (p0,05). Disimpulkan paparan pengharum ruangan cair memberikan pengaruh yang lebih signifikan terhadap perubahan histologi mukosa respiratorius nasal dibandingkan paparan pengharum ruangan gel. Liquid and gel air freshener regarded as a widely used in modern society. Various chemicals allegedly contained therein, such as ethanol, formaldehyde, naphthalene, pthatale, phenol, xylene. The first contact to chemical substances in the body is nasal cavity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the difference effect between the exposure of liquid and gel air freshener on hstological nasal mucos. The study used experimental research with post-test only control group design. The subject were 18 tails of male rats (Rattus norvegicus), divided into three groups: control group, liquid air freshener exposure group and gel air freshener exposure group. Data analyzed with Kruskal Wallis and followed by post hoc Mann-Whitney. The result showed that the differences between the epithelium’s thickness on the exposure of liquid and gel air freshener group is p 0,008 (p 0.05), between group of liquid air freshener and the control group is p 0,004 (p 0.05). Thickness between gel air freshener group and control group is p 0,197 (p 0.05). The conclusion is liquid air freshener have greater influence on the histological changes in the nasal respiratory mucosa compared to gel air freshener exposure.

Copyright of Sakarya University Journal of Science (SAUJS) / Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Sakarya University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)