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The 100th anniversary of Erving Goffman's birth was in 2022. Drawing on his work, the Goffman archives, the secondary literature, and personal experiences with him and those in his university of Chicago cohort, I reflect on some implications of his work and life, and the inseparable issues of understanding society. This paper seeks to make some sense of the highly varied, often conflicting, characterizations of Goffman. He was the ultimate Rorschach test in a kaleidoscope, ever ready to be turned (or turning himself) to a different angle, which, even then, does not guarantee that observers will draw the same conclusions. I identify 14 contrasting characterizations of his work (e.g., map maker‐theorist/hypothesizer; structure functionalist‐symbolic interactionist; conservative‐liberal; outsider‐insider) and note ways of connecting, or at least making sense of, diverse perspectives. I explore two of the categories—politics and outsider‐insider—in detail and discuss an appendix on sociology of information issues involving privacy and publicity with respect to intellectual biography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capacity to produce multiple generations of teeth allows for changes in dentition morphology throughout an animal's life. This adaptation can accommodate different dietary strategies at different life stages, most notably between juvenile and adult stages. Common changes between tooth generations include variations in tooth number and morphological parameters. In this study, we compare the dentition morphology of juvenile and adult specimens from four species of Cuban false chameleons in the genus Anolis (Chamaeleolis group) within the Iguania clade of squamate reptiles. Unlike most anole lizards, which are primarily insectivorous or saurivorous, these species are specialised feeders on shelled snails and possess distinctive broad molariform teeth at the back of their jaws. The exact dietary preferences of these species remain unclear. Our findings reveal that juveniles differ from adults by the presence of tricuspid teeth at the back of the jaw and that the examined species exhibit differences in dentition, such as tooth number, shape, arrangement of cusps and crests, presence of molariform teeth, and internal tooth structure. Based on these observations, we discuss how interspecific and age-related changes in dentition may reflect differences in diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The art of illumination is the art of decorating the Holy Qur'an with gold to embellish it. Can be called. It has continued its existence by developing from the Uighurs to the present day. It has shown different styles over time. For example, during the Seljuk period geometric motifs are frequently used. Seljuk eight-armed star, chameleon motif is a geometric motif used in ornamentation by forming a whole composition motif. Mostly used in the Seljuk period, but also in many other periods. This motif, which continues to exist in the field even today, is also important in Turkish mythology. Has a place. In the research conducted, various illuminations in octagonal form examples are introduced with visuals. The motif's ornamental and mythological to explain the importance of the combination of the two was the aim of the study. In the study qualitative research method was used. The universe of the research is the art of illumination. While the mythical octagonal sunburst forms, the eight-armed star reflected in the present day examples have been determined as the limitation of this study. This study; in the art of illumination eight-armed with the use of octagons in the form of a sunburst. Explaining the mythological connection of the stars and conveying their important reflections today. It is also thought that it will contribute to the researchers. In this direction. The historical process of the motifs within the scope of the research and their examples are also important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanisation is a major driver of habitat transformation that alters the environmental conditions and selective regimes of the habitats where it occurs. For species inhabiting urban habitats, such alterations can facilitate adaptive responses in their phenotypes, including their morphology. Quantifying potential responses could provide important information for assessing adaptation to urbanisation and may also be relevant to their conservation. Previous studies on African dwarf chameleons (Bradypodion) have shown these lizards to have remarkable adaptive capacity in response to different habitats (e.g. closed canopy habitats vs. open canopy habitats). Several of these species exploit urban habitats, but the extent to which populations are adapting to urban environments has only recently started to receive attention. In this study, we quantify differences in body size and body condition between urban and natural populations of five species of dwarf chameleons. For most comparisons, either females, males or both sexes from urban populations were longer, heavier and/or had better body condition than those from natural populations. In the remaining cases, there were no differences in these traits between populations. Our findings conform with the emerging paradigm that urbanisation positively correlates with enhanced lizard body sizes and condition, although the reasons for this may be complex. Nevertheless, our data provide an avenue for future research into investigating the potential factors (e.g. food supply, predation risk, etc.) that facilitate the trends we observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of chameleon swarm algorithm (CSA), such as slow convergence speed, poor robustness, and ease of falling into the local optimum, a multi-strategy improved chameleon optimization algorithm (ICSA) is herein proposed. Firstly, logistic mapping was introduced to initialize the chameleon population to improve the diversity of the initial population. Secondly, in the prey-search stage, the sub-population spiral search strategy was introduced to improve the global search ability and optimization accuracy of the algorithm. Then, considering the blindness of chameleon's eye turning to find prey, the Lévy flight strategy with cosine adaptive weight was combined with greed strategy to enhance the guidance of random exploration in the eyes' rotation stage. Finally, a nonlinear varying weight was introduced to update the chameleon position in the prey-capture stage, and the refraction reverse-learning strategy was used to improve the population activity in the later stage so as to improve the ability of the algorithm to jump out of the local optimum. Eighteen functions in the CEC2005 benchmark test set were selected as an experimental test set, and the performance of ICSA was tested and compared with five other swarm intelligent optimization algorithms. The analysis of the experimental results of 30 independent runs showed that ICSA has stronger convergence performance and optimization ability. Finally, ICSA was applied to the UAV path-planning problem. The simulation results showed that compared with other algorithms, the paths generated by ICSA in different terrain scenarios are shorter and more stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the International Council of Museums (ICOM) recently revised museum definition by its word, this essay reflects on the history of the museum’s representational role to consider possible ways forward to implement its new emphasis on inclusivity and community participation. Drawing mainly on institutional critique, new museology, and decolonial thought, two curatorial approaches are analysed that could lead the way towards a placemaking approach to museology: artist’s José Miguel González Casanova’s curatorial project Jardín de Academus [Garden of Academus] (2011) at the Museo Universitario de Arte Contemporáneo (MUAC) in Mexico City, and the curatorial approach of the first co-directors of the Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro (MAM-RJ) Pablo Lafuente and Keyna Eleison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chameleon chaotic systems have a special property to display various types of chaotic attractors by tuning system parameters, thereby allowing for the generation of diverse chaotic signals that are suitable for various applications. In this paper, we propose and study a class of three-dimensional quadratic chameleon systems capable of transitioning between self-excited and hidden chaotic regimes. Through systematic analysis of the systems, we can identify hidden chaotic attractors in parameter regions where no equilibria exist, or where there is a line equilibrium, or where a single stable equilibrium exists. In order to study the basic properties of the system, we carried out both local stability analysis and Hopf bifurcation analysis. Further bifurcation analysis and Lyapunov exponent calculation uncovered intricate transitions among periodic, chaotic, and hidden chaotic regimes as the system parameters varied. Through the research, we find that antimonotonicity holds significant implications for creating various types of chaotic dynamics in the chameleon systems. Furthermore, we find that by adjusting the values of parameters, the system can display a self-excited chaotic attractor, a hidden chaotic attractor with no equilibrium, a hidden chaotic attractor with a line equilibrium, or a hidden chaotic attractor with a single stable hyperbolic/nonhyperbolic equilibrium point. We are interested in a hidden chaotic system with a stable nonhyperbolic equilibrium point, for which the practical feasibility is verified through circuit simulations. The chameleon chaotic systems studied in this paper expand our understanding of the chaotic mechanisms with various equilibrium configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the design of a single RNA sequence capable of adopting one of two ribozyme folds and catalyzing the cleavage and/or ligation of the respective substrates. The RNA is able to change its conformation in response to its environment, hence it is called chameleon ribozyme (CHR). Efficient RNA cleavage of two different substrates as well as RNA ligation by CHR is demonstrated in separate experiments and in a one pot reaction. Our study shows that sequence variants of the hairpin ribozyme intersect with the hammerhead ribozyme and that rather short RNA molecules can have comprehensive conformational flexibility, which is an important feature for the emergence of new functional folds in early evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), which are the backbone of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), facilitate critical data exchanges between vehicles. This necessitates secure transmission, which requires guarantees of message availability, integrity, source authenticity, and user privacy. Moreover, the traceability of network participants is essential as it deters malicious actors and allows lawful authorities to identify message senders for accountability. This introduces a challenge: balancing privacy with traceability. Conditional privacy-preserving authentication (CPPA) schemes are designed to mitigate this conflict. CPPA schemes utilize cryptographic protocols, including certificate-based schemes, group signatures, identity-based schemes, and certificateless schemes. Due to the critical time constraints in VANETs, efficient batch verification techniques are crucial. Combining certificateless schemes with batch verification leads to certificateless aggregate signature (CLAS) schemes. In this paper, cryptanalysis of Xiong's CLAS scheme revealed its vulnerabilities to partial key replacement and identity replacement attacks, alongside mathematical errors in the batch verification process. Our proposed CLAS scheme remedies these issues by incorporating an identity authentication module that leverages chameleon hashing within elliptic curve cryptography (CHAM-CLAS). The signature and verification modules are also redesigned to address the identified vulnerabilities in Xiong's scheme. Additionally, we implemented the small exponents test within the batch verification module to achieve Type III security. While this enhances security, it introduces a slight performance trade-off. Our scheme has been subjected to formal security and performance analyses to ensure robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To maximize camouflage across visually heterogeneous habitats, animals have evolved a variety of strategies, including polyphenism, color change, and behavioral background matching. Despite the expected importance of behavioral processes for mediating camouflage, such as selection for matching substrates, behavior has received less attention than color traits themselves, and interactions between color change and behavior are largely unexplored. Here, we investigated behavioral background matching in green and red chameleon prawns (Hippolyte varians) over the course of a color change experiment. Prawns were housed on mismatching green and red seaweeds for 30 days and periodically given a choice test between the same seaweeds in y-choice trials over the experiment. We found that, as prawns change color and improve camouflage (to the perspective of a fish predator), there is a reinforcing shift in behavior. That is, as prawns shift from red to green color, or vice versa, their seaweed color preference follows this. We provide key empirical evidence that plasticity of appearance (color) is accompanied by a plastic shift in behavior (color preference) that reinforces camouflage in a color changing species on its natural substrate. Overall, our research highlights how short-term plasticity of behavior and longer-term color change act in tandem to maintain crypsis over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive species are a major cause of biodiversity loss and are notoriously expensive and challenging to manage. We developed a decision‐analytic framework for evaluating invasive species removal strategies, given objectives of maximizing eradication probability and minimizing costs. The framework uses an existing estimation model for spatially referenced removal data—one of the most accessible types of invasive species data—to obtain estimates of population growth rate, movement probability, and detection probability. We use these estimates in simulations to identify Pareto‐efficient strategies—strategies where increases in eradication probability cannot be obtained without increases in cost—from a set of proposed strategies. We applied the framework post hoc to a successful eradication of veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) and identified the potential for substantial improvements in efficiency. Our approach provides managers and policymakers with tools to identify cost‐effective strategies for a range of invasive species using only prior knowledge or data from initial physical removals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this response we critique Cahyo Pamungkas and Yogi Setya Permana's proposal to see military repression in West Papua as a result of two equal factors: fear of Papuan independence and Papuan fear of military repression. They argue this in the article titled "The Role of Fear and Memory in West Papua's Ethnonationalist Conflict," published in this journal in volume 97 (1) in March 2024. While we applaud their effort at investigating the emotional aspects of the West Papua conflict, juxtaposing these two forms of fear to explain the cycle of violence in Indonesia's easternmost region fails to reflect the reality of the situation. In this article we suggest several other paths to develop a deeper comprehension of fear in Papua. Such investigations will also show the need for a shift in the general perspective on the resolution of the Papua conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the current landscape where quantum algorithms pose a significant threat to conventional digital signature algorithms, code-based digital signature algorithms have emerged as the primary focus of ongoing research in post-quantum cryptography. Digital signatures play a pivotal role in ensuring non-repudiation and authentication, making them an indispensable cryptographic technique. The vulnerability of most digital signature algorithms to quantum attacks have prompted a significant surge in research on code-based digital signature algorithms, which have emerged as a prominent field within post-quantum cryptography. There are generally three distinct approaches to constructing code-based digital signature algorithms: (1) Developing an algorithm that follows the inverse process of the code-based public-key encryption algorithm; (2) Utilizing zero-knowledge identification algorithms in conjunction with the Fiat–Shamir paradigm to formulate a signature algorithm; (3) Constructing a specialized subset of the syndrome space as the foundation for the digital signature algorithm. Chameleon Signature is a non-interactive signature that operates on the hash and signature paradigm, exhibiting comparable efficiency to conventional schemes. Its distinct advantage lies in the fact that the owner of the public key does not necessarily require access to the corresponding secret key within the Chameleon hash algorithm. Notably, Chameleon signatures possess an inherent characteristic of non-transferability, with their validity ascertainable solely by designated recipients. This paper introduces the first Chameleon hash function based on both KKS and HFE schemes, showcasing its superiority over traditional schemes through rank metrics and big fields for enhanced security. The deployment of Chameleon hash functions within hash-and-sign signature schemes introduces a nuanced layer of security and verification flexibility. This study elucidates the implications of integrating Chameleon hash functions into the recipient's public key infrastructure, highlighting the dual capability it affords authorized parties for secure and adaptable verification processes, alongside mechanisms for the detection of unauthorized alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The asset management industry is becoming a systemic feature of global finance, yet has evaded regulators' efforts to designate its largest firms as systemically important institutions. How has this been achieved? We use as our example BlackRock's running commentary on the evolving plans of both prudential (banking) and securities (market) regulators in the period from 2008 to 2018. We show how asset managers engaged in successful recognitional politics, based on a decade-long struggle to influence how they were seen across the regulatory divide. James C. Scott's most recent thoughts on legibility codes provide us with our conceptual language of shape-shifters and chameleons. Two distinct strategies were simultaneously in play. As a shape-shifter, BlackRock repeatedly changed form in its self-presentation to prudential regulators concerned with systemic risk, so they could not be certain what they were looking at. As a chameleon, it invited securities regulators to maintain their authority over the asset management industry, so it could increasingly blend into the supposedly safe category of market-based finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global biodiversity crisis is generated by the combined effects of human-induced climate change and land conversion. Madagascar is one of the World's most renewed hotspots of biodiversity. Yet, its rich variety of plant and animal species is threatened by deforestation and climate change. Predicting the future of Madagascar's chameleons, in particular, is complicated by their ecological rarity, making it hard to tell which factor is the most menacing to their survival. By applying an extension of the ENphylo species distribution model algorithm to work with extremely rare species, we find that Madagascar chameleons will face intense species loss in the north-western sector of the island. Land conversion by humans will drive most of the loss, and will intersect in a complex, nonlinear manner with climate change. We find that some 30% of the Madagascar's chameleons may lose in the future nearly all their habitats, critically jeopardizing their chance for survival. The extraordinary biodiversity of Madagascar is seriously threatened by the combined effects of climate change and human economic activities. We found that Madagascar chameleons will face intense species loss in the north-western sector of the island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advancements in 3D dust mapping have transformed our understanding of the Milky Way's local interstellar medium, enabling us to explore its structure in three spatial dimensions for the first time. In this Letter, we use the most recent 3D dust map by Edenhofer et al. to study the well-known Chameleon, Musca, and Coalsack cloud complexes, located about 200 pc from the Sun. We find that these three complexes are not isolated but rather connect to form a surprisingly well-defined half-ring, constituting a single C-shaped cloud with a radius of about 50 pc, a thickness of about 45 pc, and a total mass of about 5 × 104M⊙, or 9 × 104M⊙ if including everything in the vicinity of the C-shaped cloud. Despite the absence of an evident feedback source at its center, the dynamics of young stellar clusters associated with the C structure suggest that a single supernova explosion about 4 Myr–10 Myr ago likely shaped this structure. Our findings support a single origin story for these cloud complexes, suggesting that they were formed by feedback-driven gas compression, and offer new insights into the processes that govern the birth of star-forming clouds in feedback-dominated regions, such as the Scorpius-Centaurus association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cellular and genetic networks that contribute to the development of the zeugopod (radius and ulna of the forearm, tibia and fibula of the leg) are not well understood, although these bones are susceptible to loss in congenital human syndromes and to the action of teratogens such as thalidomide. Using a new fate-mapping approach with the Chameleon transgenic chicken line, we show that there is a small contribution of SHH-expressing cells to the posterior ulna, posterior carpals and digit 3. We establish that although the majority of the ulna develops in response to paracrine SHH signalling in both the chicken and mouse, there are differences in the contribution of SHHexpressing cells between mouse and chicken as well as between the chicken ulna and fibula. This is evidence that, although zeugopod bones are clearly homologous according to the fossil record, the gene regulatory networks that contribute to their development and evolution are not fixed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on redefining the satirical archetype of the "chameleon" in the works of Ch'ae Mansik, exploring how this character evolves from an intellectual to an opportunist in response to Korea's historical and social upheavals. It examines how Ch'ae Mansik's satirical novels use this archetype to critique societal norms and individual ethics, contrasting it with earlier portrayals of intellectuals in his 1930s works.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the evolution of functional neurological disorder (FND), tracing its history from its early association with hysteria to its current classification.

Isolated optic nerve involvement is rare in sarcoidosis. We report three cases describing atypical clinical and radiological features of isolated optic nerve involvement in sarcoidosis to expand the spectrum of neuro-ophthalmic sarcoidosis. Bilateral optic neuritis, sudden vision loss, primary optic atrophy, long segment optic neuritis, and isolated intrao-orbital sarcoidosis are described as atypical features of optic nerve involvement in this case series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic radical luminescent materials have attracted worldwide attention because of their absolute spin‐allowed radiative transition and sensitivity to the environment, which give it multiple stimulus response properties. Nowadays, how to regulate and utilize the sensitivity of radicals has become a hot and difficult issue. Here, arylphosphonium bromide salts are introduced into the molecular backbone of naphthimide (NMI) using an intramolecular counterion strategy, and prepared a novel multifunctional stabilized radical luminescent: TPP‐o‐3OMe‐NMI‐Br. Interestingly, this molecule exhibits different assembly modes in different solvents, resulting in the generation of two crystals with different fluorescence (green: G‐C; orange–yellow: Y‐C), in which the Y‐C crystalline powder exhibits excellent stabilization properties for doublet and triplet excitons, which induce the emission of orange–yellow radical afterglow, and exhibits multi‐stimuli responsiveness to external pressure (P), temperature (T) and water (W). Moreover, interesting time‐dependent photoactivated colorful fluorescence and orange–yellow radical afterglow can be observed in TPP‐o‐3OMe‐NMI‐Br@PMMA films with different doping ratios and exhibit multi‐color tunability, multiple stimulus responses, multiple data encryption, and optical information erase/write behavior. This study not only broadens the types and applications of organic radical long afterglow materials but also provides new ideas for designing new organic "chameleon" luminescent materials in the field of smart luminescence materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chameleons (family Chamaeleonidae) are a distinctive group of reptiles, mainly found in Africa, which have high local endemism and face significant threats from the international wildlife trade. We review the scale and structure of international chameleon trade, with a focus on collection in and exports from Tanzania; a hotspot of chameleon diversity. Analysis used data from the CITES Trade Database 2000–2019, combined with assessment of online trade, and on-the-ground surveys in Tanzania in 2019. Between 2000 and 2019, 1,128,776 live chameleons from 108 species were reported as exported globally, with 193,093 of these (from 32 species) exported by Tanzania. Both global and Tanzanian chameleon exports declined across the study period, driven by decreased trade in generalist genera. Whilst the proportion of captive-bred individuals increased across time for the generalist taxa, the majority of range-restricted taxa in trade remained largely wild-sourced. For Tanzanian exports, 41% of chameleons were from one of the 23 endemic species, and 10 of the 12 Tanzanian endemic species in trade are categorised as threatened with extinction by IUCN. In terms of online trade, of the 42 Tanzanian species assessed, there was evidence of online sale for 83.3% species, and 69% were actively for sale with prices listed. Prices were on average highest for Trioceros species, followed by Kinyongia, Rieppeleon, Rhampholeon, and Chameleo. Field work in Tanzania provided evidence that the historic harvest of endemic chameleon species has been higher than the quantities of these species reported as exported by Tanzania in their annual trade reports to CITES. However, we found no field evidence for trade in 2020 and 2021, in line with Tanzanian regulations that applied a blanket ban on all exports of live wild animals. Literature evidence, however, suggests that illegal trade continued to Europe from seizures of Tanzanian chameleon species in Austria in 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The cornea of various vertebrate is considered a major part in the glop, which acts as a powerful lens, providing a sharp retinal image, and meantime acts as an excellent defensor for other corneal layers. Results: The four reptilian families [Scincidae (Chalcides ocellatus); Chamaeleontidae (Chameleon chameleon); Cheloniidae (Chelonia mydas) and Testudiniae (Testudo kleinmanni)] investigated in the current study were gathered across Egypt. After being taken out of the orbit, the cornea under inquiry was ready for light, specific stain and scanning electron microscopy. The epithelium, stroma, and endothelium are the three corneal layers that are common to all four species of reptiles. All other species lack Bowmen's and Descemet's membranes, with the exception of C. ocellatus and T. kleinmanni. The latter layers of Chalcides ocellatus display a strong affinity for Periodic Acid Schiff stain. Epithelial cells with a variety of forms, from hexagonal to atypical polygonal cells, cover the outer corneal surface. These epithelial cells are coated in short microplicae, microvilli, and microholes of varied diameters. There are a few blebs scattered around their surface. Conclusion: The current study concluded that various habitats have various significant effects on the cornea's microstructure characteristics and its physiological trends to accommodate different environmental surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate and land use changes are eroding biodiversity globally, and reptiles are highlighted as being particularly susceptible. In South Africa, global changes threaten the persistence of an assemblage of dwarf chameleons (Bradypodion) located in a biodiversity hotspot. We used ecological niche modelling to assess the combined effect of climate change and habitat transformation on these species and assessed their susceptibility in a vulnerability framework under optimistic and pessimistic change scenarios. Although our models showed a gain in suitable climatic space for all coastal species in some scenarios, considerable losses were predicted for most species under the most pessimistic change scenarios. Bradypodion ngomeense, for example is predicted to incur a complete loss of climatic suitability by 2050. The vulnerability framework predicts inland species to be more adversely affected by climate change than coastal species. However, no species show resilience to the combined effects of climate change and habitat transformation. Our models predicted a loss of climatically suitable habitat for most species in protected areas. These findings highlight the importance of a protected area network design to remain a step ahead of these anticipated changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formed in 1969 and active through the early 2000s, Pesniary were arguably the most popular band in the Soviet Union in the 1970s. Their music is distinctively Belarusian, but still fits neatly within a broader Soviet narrative. This article explores the extent to which Pesniary represent an independent Belarusian identity or Soviet kitsch. It considers both the group's reception at home in the Soviet Union and abroad. Pesniary's ability to repackage both Soviet cultural policy directives and Western popular music motifs as authentic folk material was key to their success in the 1970s Soviet music scene and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution and population density of the Critically Endangered Tarzan Chameleon (Calumma tarzan) in eastern humid forests of Madagascar was studied using line transect-distance sampling. Based on the results from species distribution models, eight sites were visited over a four-month period from February 2020 to March 2021. In total, 46 transects of 1 km were investigated in 23 different forest fragments to understand the distribution of C. tarzan. Another 28 transects of 200 m in length were surveyed to estimate population density. Among the 23 investigated forest fragments, C. tarzan was confirmed from 14 fragments belonging to five sites. All 14 records are completely new and represent a significant range extension for the species. Calumma tarzan is distributed within an elevation range of 604–1048 m above sea level. An analysis of the population of the species across sites show that density varies broadly and ranges from 25 to 78 individuals per hectare. This study fills important knowledge gap on a Critically Endangered and endemic chameleon species and is vital to the development of urgently needed conservation strategy for the Tarzan Chameleon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanisation creates novel environments, not only through (abiotic) microhabitat alterations, but also due to changes in (biotic) inter- and intraspecific interactions. Where sheltering sites in urban habitats are limited, intra or interspecific interactions may increase, resulting in increased competition and changes in predation risk in urban areas compared to natural habitats. The Knysna Dwarf Chameleon (Bradypodion damaranum) occurs in both urban and natural settings, is extremely ornamented, and individuals have been observed with multiple wounds and scars. We therefore hypothesised that urban populations may have adapted to the physical features of urban habitats, and that this would be detectable through ornament size and bite force, as well as the presence of scarring. We quantified these traits from urban and natural populations from two separate localities (the towns of George and Knysna, South Africa). Our results showed that female and male B. damaranum from urban populations had a higher number of injuries and that urban males were more likely to be injured than males from natural habitats. Bite force was only recorded at one locality (Knysna), but both sexes in urban habitats had higher bite force when accounting for casque height as compared to those from the natural habitats. Urban chameleons also had less developed ornamentation but wider and/or higher heads compared to populations in natural habitats. Urban habitats had significantly lower tree density than natural habitats, and this may be a factor in driving the morphological differences between populations, whereby reduced ornamentation confers an advantage for remaining cryptic to predators in the open habitat but compromises the ability for signalling conspecifics with encounters escalating to physical contests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although genome-scale data generation is becoming more tractable for phylogenetics, there are large quantities of single gene fragment data in public repositories and such data are still being generated. We therefore investigated whether single mitochon- drial genes are suitable proxies for phylogenetic reconstruction as compared to the application of full mitogenomes. With near complete taxon sampling for the southern African dwarf chameleons (Bradypodion), we estimated and compared phylogenies for the complete mitogenome with topologies generated from individual mitochondrial genes and various combinations of these genes. Our results show that the topologies produced by single genes (ND2, ND4, ND5, COI, and COIII) were analogous to the complete mitogenome, suggesting that these genes may be reliable markers for generating mitochondrial phylogenies in lieu of generating entire mitogenomes. In contrast, the short fragment of 16S commonly used in herpetological systematics, produced a topology quite dissimilar to the complete mitogenome and its concatenation with ND2 weakened the resolution of ND2. We therefore recommend the avoidance of this 16S fragment in future phylogenetic work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized by a notable heterogeneity in both phenotypic and pathophysiological features, with a growing incidence due to the increase in median age and comorbidities such as obesity, arterial hypertension, and cardiometabolic disease. In recent decades, the development of new pharmacological and non-pharmacological options has significantly impacted outcomes, improving clinical status and reducing mortality. Moreover, a more personalized and accurate therapeutic management has been demonstrated to enhance the quality of life, diminish hospitalizations, and improve overall survival. Therefore, assessing the peculiarities of patients with HFpEF is crucial in order to obtain a better understanding of this disorder. Importantly, comorbidities have been shown to influence symptoms and prognosis, and, consequently, they should be carefully addressed. In this sense, it is mandatory to join forces with a multidisciplinary team in order to achieve high-quality care. However, HFpEF remains largely under-recognized and under-treated in clinical practice, and the diagnostic and therapeutic management of these patients remains challenging. The aim of this paper is to articulate a pragmatic approach for patients with HFpEF focusing on the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of HFpEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global ornamental fish trade is expanding in response to increased demand for indigenous fish on the global market, while exogenous carotenoids can improve colouration. The 60‐day trial investigated the effect of carotenoid supplementation, via Artemia, on colouration, growth and immunophysiology of Badis badis (dwarf chameleon fish). Carotenoid was enriched at 40 ppm (T1), 80 ppm (T2) and 120 ppm (T3) and compared with controls, C1 (unenriched) and C2 (oil‐enriched). Fish larvae (average weight 0.12 g) were fed enriched–unenriched Artemia in triplicates (5 × 3) in aquarium tanks (15 L). C1 and T2 had better skin colour (lightness and whiteness) in the posterolateral and caudal fins respectively. The value of redness (a*) in the anterolateral region was higher in T2 and T3 (p < 0.05). The anterolateral red index was higher (p < 0.05) in T2 and T3, whereas in the posterolateral and caudal fins, T1 and T2 were higher (p < 0.05). Compared to C1 and C2, the hue angle in carotenoid groups was found to be low (p < 0.05). No significant change in the growth performance was noticed (p > 0.05). Immune scores such as lysozyme and alkaline protease were highest in T3 (p < 0.05), whereas protease activity was highest in T2 (80 ppm). Stress biomarkers, viz., superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde were low in groups fed enriched Artemia (p < 0.05). The integrated biomarker response means and star plot area were lower in the enriched groups (T1–T3), while T2 was the lowest. Overall findings reveal that dietary carotenoid improves the colouration and immune status, but fail to promote growth. Furthermore, 80 ppm enrichment dose improves the overall performance. The findings can help fish keepers improve fish colour and health status through carotenoid supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power system operation and control data are from a wide range of sources. The relevant data acquisition equipment is disturbed by the complex electromagnetic environment on the power system operation and control lines, resulting in data errors and affecting the application and analysis of data. Therefore, a power data integrity verification method based on chameleon authentication tree algorithm and missing trend value is proposed. Get 2D data from different sensors and place it in the space environment. After data conversion, convert heterogeneous data into the same structure, expand the scope of power data acquisition, and conduct power system operation and control node layout and integrity data acquisition; The chameleon authentication tree algorithm is used to deal with the heterogeneous information of the power data, and the true value of the data is determined in the heterogeneous conflict of the power data at the same site; Query the integrity data based on the power system operation and control positioning node, creatively calculate the missing trend value of power data, evaluate the importance of data integrity, obtain the priority of power data integrity verification, and complete the integrity verification of power data. The experimental results show that the optimal clustering number is 9.05, the distribution coefficient is 16.30, the absolute error of validity analysis is 2.80, all test indicators are close to the preset standard, and the trend of the validation curve is close to the trend of the set demand covariance curve. Ensuring the integrity of power data and determining the important indicators of power lines are more conducive to the safe and stable operation of the power data center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus) and panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis) are two of the most popular pet chameleons, and consequently, these species are frequently evaluated in veterinary practices. According to our review of the literature, normal computed tomography (CT) anatomy of these lizards has not been previously described. Aim: The purposes of this prospective study were to describe the normal CT anatomy of the coelomic organs in healthy patients and to provide normal reference values in these species. Methods: Seventeen clinically healthy veiled chameleons and 15 clinically healthy panther chameleons were included. All CT studies were performed with the chameleons under light anesthesia and positioned in sternal recumbency. Studies were performed with a 16-slice helical CT scanner with a slice thickness of 0.625 mm. The authors recorded qualitative and quantitative CT characteristics of the coelomic structures. Macroscopic cross-sectional anatomy was performed for comparison of the CT findings. Results: Heart, lungs, liver, including caudal vena cava, hepatic vessels, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, intestines, gonads, fat bodies, kidneys, and urinary bladder could be visualized with CT. The spleen, pancreas, and adrenal glands could not be identified. Conclusion: This study provides a guide to the normal cross-sectional and computed tomographic anatomy of the coelomic cavity in veiled and panther chameleons. Our results could be used as a reference for future research studies or comparison of clinically ill patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Clustering is an indispensable strategy that helps towards the extension of lifetime of each sensor nodes with energy stability in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This clustering process aids in sustaining energy efficiency and extended network lifetime in sensitive and critical real‐life applications that include landslide monitoring and military applications. The dynamic characteristics of WSNs and several cluster configurations introduce challenge in the process of searching an ideal network structure, a herculean challenge. In this paper, Hybrid Chameleon Search and Remora Optimization Algorithm‐based Dynamic Clustering Method (HCSROA) is proposed for dynamic optimization of wireless sensor node clusters. It utilized the global searching process of Chameleon Search Algorithm for selecting potential cluster head (CH) selection with balanced trade‐off between intensification and extensification. It determines an ideal dynamic network structure based on factors that include quantity of nodes in the neighborhood, distance to sink, predictable energy utilization rate, and residual energy into account during the formulation of fitness function. It specifically achieved sink node mobility through the integration of the local searching capability of Improved Remora Optimization Algorithm for determining the optimal points of deployment over which the packets can be forwarded from the CH of the cluster to the sink node. This proposed HCSROA scheme compared in contrast to standard methods is identified to greatly prolong network lifetime by 29.21% and maintain energy stability by 25.64% in contrast to baseline protocols taken for investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Task‐based systems have become popular due to their ability to utilize the computational power of complex heterogeneous systems. A typical programming model used is the Sequential Task Flow (STF) model, which unfortunately only supports static task graphs. This can result in submission overhead and a static task graph that is not well‐suited for execution on heterogeneous systems. A common approach is to find a balance between the granularity needed for accelerator devices and the granularity required by CPU cores to achieve optimal performance. To address these issues, we have extended the STF model in the StarPU runtime system by introducing the concept of hierarchical tasks. This allows for a more dynamic task graph and, when combined with an automatic data manager, it is possible to adjust granularity at runtime to best match the targeted computing resource. That data manager makes it possible to switch between various data layout without programmer input and allows us to enforce the correctness of the DAG as hierarchical tasks alter it during runtime. Additionally, submission overhead is reduced by using large‐grain hierarchical tasks, as the submission process can now be done in parallel. We have shown that the hierarchical task model is correct and have conducted an early evaluation on shared memory heterogeneous systems using the Chameleon dense linear algebra library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current techniques for visualizing and quantifying cellular forces have limitations in live cell imaging, throughput, and multi-scale analysis, which impede progress in cell force research and its practical applications. We developed a photonic crystal cellular force microscopy (PCCFM) to image vertical cell forces over a wide field of view (1.3 mm ⨯ 1.0 mm, a 10 ⨯ objective image) at high speed (about 20 frames per second) without references. The photonic crystal hydrogel substrate (PCS) converts micro-nano deformations into perceivable color changes, enabling in situ visualization and quantification of tiny vertical cell forces with high throughput. It enabled long-term, cross-scale monitoring from subcellular focal adhesions to tissue-level cell sheets and aggregates. Current techniques for visualizing cell generated forces suffer from throughput limitations. Here, Gu et al. introduced photonic crystal cellular force microscopy, inspired by chameleons, enabling visualization and quantification of vertically directed cell forces, well-suited for drug screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policy-based chameleon hash is a useful primitive for blockchain rewriting systems. It allows a user to create a mutable transaction associated with an access policy, whereas a modifier who possesses sufficient rewriting privileges from a trusted authority satisfying the access policy can rewrite the mutable transaction. However, it lacks a revocation mechanism. The modifiers can always rewrite the mutable transactions even if their given rewriting privileges are compromised. In this work, we introduce revocable policy-based chameleon. The property of revocation allows some modifiers' rewriting privileges to be revoked, regardless of whether their rewriting privileges are compromised or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complete and high-quality reference genome has become a fundamental tool for the study of functional, comparative, and evolutionary genomics. However, efforts to produce high-quality genomes for African taxa are lagging given the limited access to sufficient resources and technologies. The southern African dwarf chameleons (Bradypodion) are a relatively young lineage, with a large body of evidence demonstrating the highly adaptive capacity of these lizards. Bradypodion are known for their habitat specialization, with evidence of convergent phenotypes across the phylogeny. However, the underlying genetic architecture of these phenotypes remains unknown for Bradypodion , and without adequate genomic resources, many evolutionary questions cannot be answered. We present de novo assembled whole genomes for Bradypodion pumilum and Bradypodion ventrale , using Pacific Biosciences long-read sequencing data. BUSCO analysis revealed that 96.36% of single copy orthologs were present in the B. pumilum genome and 94% in B. ventrale. Moreover, these genomes boast scaffold N50 of 389.6 and 374.9 Mb, respectively. Based on a whole genome alignment of both Bradypodion genomes, B. pumilum is highly syntenic with B. ventrale. Furthermore, Bradypodion is also syntenic with Anolis lizards, despite the divergence between these lineages estimated to be nearly 170 Ma. Coalescent analysis of the genomic data also suggests that historical changes in effective population size for these species correspond to notable shifts in the southern African environment. These high-quality Bradypodion genome assemblies will support future research on the evolutionary history, diversification, and genetic underpinnings of adaptation in Bradypodion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of sexually selected traits is a major topic in evolutionary biology. However, large-scale evolutionary patterns in these traits remain understudied, especially those traits used in male–male competition (weapons sensu lato). Here, we analyze weapon evolution in chamaeleonid lizards, both within and between the sexes. Chameleons are an outstanding model system because of their morphological diversity (including 11 weapon types among ~220 species) and a large-scale time-calibrated phylogeny. We analyze these 11 traits among 165 species using phylogenetic methods, addressing many questions for the first time in any group. We find that all 11 weapons have each evolved multiple times and that weapon origins are generally more frequent than their losses. We find that almost all weapons have each persisted for >30 million years (and some for >65 million years). Across chameleon phylogeny, we identify both hotspots for weapon evolution (up to 10 types present per species) and coldspots (all weapons absent, many through loss). These hotspots are significantly associated with larger male body size, but are only weakly related to sexual-size dimorphism. We also find that weapon evolution is strongly correlated between males and females. Overall, these results provide a baseline for understanding large-scale patterns of weapon evolution within clades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate cosmological solutions of the chameleon model with a non-minimal coupling between the matter and the scalar field through a conformal factor with gravitational strength. By considering the spatially flat FLRW metric and the matter density as a non-relativistic perfect fluid, we focus on the matter-dominated phase and the late-time accelerated-phase of the universe. In this regard, we manipulate and scrutinize the related field equations for the density parameters of the matter and the scalar fields with respect to the e-folding. Since the scalar field fluctuations depend on the background and the field equations become highly non-linear, we probe and derive the governing equations in the context of various cases of the relation between the kinetic and potential energies of the chameleon scalar field, or indeed, for some specific cases of the scalar field equation of state parameter. Thereupon, we schematically plot those density parameters for two different values of the chameleon non-minimal coupling parameter, and discuss the results. In the both considered phases, we specify that, when the kinetic energy of the chameleon scalar field is much less than its potential energy (i.e., when the scalar field equation of state parameter is ≃ - 1 ), the behavior of the chameleon model is similar to the Λ C D M model. Such compatibility suggests that the chameleon model is phenomenologically viable and can be tested with the observational data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The livers of reptiles are being studied as a model for the link between the environment and hepatic tissue. There have been few investigations on the histology of reptile livers, and very few or no studies have examined the histology of liver of veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus). This paper describes the histomorphological, histochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the liver of veiled chameleons in southern Saudi Arabia. Seven Chamaeleo calyptratus were captured in the summer season in Abha City, Aseer region, southern Saudi Arabia. Chamaeleon liver samples were processed for histomorphology, histochemistry and ultrastructure analyses. Morphologically liver of Chamaeleo calyptratus was observed as a large dark brown organ with lighter speckles, which represent melanin deposits. It located at the ventral part of abdominal cavity forward of the stomach. Its dimensions approximately were 3.7 ' 2 cm. The liver was a bilobed organ divided into two lobes, right and left lobes. The right one was bigger than the others. The gallbladder was well developed and had an elongated shape, situated between the two lobes and contained the bile for the digestion. Microscopically, the liver was found to be covered by a thick layer of connective tissue, which formed the hepatic capsule. Hepatic parenchyma probably appeared in cross sections as hepatic glandular-like alveoli "acini" or follicular structures with various diameters, each acinus contains approximately four to six hepatocytes, surrounded by sinusoidal capillaries filled with abundant melanomacrophages, which are absent in birds and mammals. Melanomacrophages are common in the hepatic parenchyma's perisinusoidal areas, particularly near portal spaces. Hepatocytes are polyhedral or pyramidal with and mostly contained large, rounded nuclei mostly peripherally located, with prominent dark oval nucleoli. Some of nuclei are eccentric or central position. The cytoplasm appeared spongy or vacuolated and more eosinophilic when stained by hematoxylin-eosin and strongly reactive to PAS staining technique, indicating abundant glycogen content. The reticular fibers that surround hepatocytes, blood arteries, and sinusoids supported the hepatic parenchyma. The blood sinusoids are seen interspersed among hepatocytes of varying sizes. The sinusoidal lumen was bordered by flattened endothelial cells and includes elliptical nucleated erythrocytes and liver macrophages as phagocytes, which are also known as Kupffer cells. Branches of the portal vein, hepatic artery, small bile duct, and lymph vessels were detected in the hepatic portal area "tract" or triad which made up of connective. Hematopoietic tissue was observed in subcapsular region and portal triads. Ultrastructurally, the hepatocyte appeared polyhedric containing a single large rounded basal or eccentric vesicular nucleus with prominent nucleolus. Extensive network of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) often arranged in an array parallel to the nuclear membrane with many mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus were described. The cytoplasm contained glycogen granules, vesicles or vacuoles scattered throughout the cytoplasm especially at the apical region were reported. The bile canaliculi and the hepatic "Kupffer" cells were also discussed. This is the first study on the histological characterization of the healthy liver of Yemen veiled chameleon in southern Saudi Arabia. The findings reported here should be used as a reference to compare with the pathological abnormalities of the liver in this animal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing facilitates the great potentiality of storing and managing remote access to services in terms of software as a service (SaaS). Several organizations have moved towards outsourcing over the cloud to reduce the burden on local resources. In this context, the metaheuristic optimization method is determined to be highly suitable for selecting appropriate services that comply with the requirements of the client's requests, as the services stored over the cloud are too complex and scalable. To achieve better service composition, the parameters of Quality of Service (QoS) related to each service considered to be the best resource need to be selected and optimized for attaining potential services over the cloud. Thus, the cloud service composition needs to concentrate on the selection and integration of services over the cloud to satisfy the client's requests. In this paper, a Hybrid Chameleon and Honey Badger Optimization Algorithm (HCHBOA)- based cloud service composition scheme is presented for achieving efficient services with satisfying the requirements ofQoS over the cloud. This proposed HCHBOA integrated the merits of the Chameleon Search Algorithm (CSA) and Honey Badger Optimization Algorithm (HBOA) for balancing the tradeoff between the rate of exploration and exploitation. It specifically used HBOA for tuning the parameters of CSA automatically so that CSA could adapt its performance depending on its incorporated tuning factors. The experimental results of the proposed HCHBOA with experimental datasets exhibited its predominance by improving the response time by 21.38%, availability by 20.93% and reliability by 19.31% with a minimized execution time of 23.18%, compared to the baseline cloud service composition schemes used for investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents Chameleon, a cloud computing (CC) Industry 4.0 (I4) neutron spectrum unfolding code. The code was designed under the Python programming language, using Streamlit framework®, and it is executed on the cloud, as I4 CC technology through internet, by using mobile devices with internet connectivity and a web navigator. In its first version, as a proof of concept, the SPUNIT algorithm was implemented. The main functionalities and the preliminary tests performed to validate the code are presented. Chameleon solves the neutron spectrum unfolding problem and it is easy, friendly and intuitive. It can be applied with success in various workplaces. More validation tests are in progress. Future implementations will include improving the graphical user interface, inserting other algorithms, such as GRAVEL, MAXED and neural networks, and implementing an algorithm to estimate uncertainties in the calculated integral quantities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]