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Purpose: to conduct research dedicated to assessing the impact of primary soil cultivation techniques and the microelements application on the yield of cereal and leguminous grain crops. Materials and methods. The effect of moldboard plowing (25–27 cm), flat-cutting (20–22 cm), minimum surface tillage (8–10 cm) and no-tillage on the yield of leguminous crops (soybeans, peas, chickpeas) and cereal grains (spring wheat, Sudan grass) is studied. The studies were conducted at the experimental production farm of the Volga Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation in 2022–2024 using generally accepted methods. Results. The impact of basic tillage techniques and the impact of micro-fertilizers on vegetation in cereal and leguminous crops agrocenoses on productivity and its structure have been studied. The use of flat-cutting and the micronutrients application for cereals and legumes increased the yield indicators on average for soybeans – by 65.9 %, peas – 48.5 %, chickpeas – 41.8 %, spring wheat – 61.3 %, Sudan grass – 26.3 % compared with the no-tillage option. The maximum yield was obtained on soybeans with the use of flat-cutting tillage – 3.45 t/ha, and the minimum at no-tillage – 1.94 t/ha. The impact of flat-cutting tillage on the spring wheat productivity is expressed by an increase in yield by 0.34 t/ha, compared with no-tillage. Chickpea yield is higher when using flat-cutting tillage with leaf dressing – 2.75 t/ha, and without tillage and dressing – 1.87 t/ha. The yield of Sudan grass of two staves when using flat cutting tillage with the micronutrients application on vegetation is 40.37 t/ha and 31.50 t/ha with no-tillage. Conclusions. For the soil and climatic conditions of the dry steppe Volga region, it has been proven that when cultivating chickpeas, soybeans, peas, Sudan grass and spring wheat as examples, the best indicators of the crop structure were achieved in variants using flat-cutting tillage against the background of the micronutrients application to vegetative plants.

The safety of processed grains and pulses is of health concern so far as heavy metal pollution is concerned. Despite the numerous nutritional benefits sourced from the consumption of cereals and legumes, its heavy metal pollution cannot be overlooked, since it causes adverse health effects. This study sought to measure then compare Cd, Fe, Pb and Ni levels in the various blend classifications, again compare measured levels to heavy metal specifications by regulatory bodies and then determine health risks associated with contamination by these metals. Fifteen samples grouped under three classifications were wet digested using a triacid combination of HNO3, H2SO4 and HClO4, then analysed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). In all samples, levels of heavy metals were detectable. Measured levels ranged from 1.90 to 3.96, 25.74 to 216.78, 0.16 to 0.40 and 0.07 to 0.40 all in mg kg−1 for Cd, Fe, Pb and Ni respectively. EC and China’s maximum limit for Cd was exceeded by all 15 samples. Samples exceeded EC’s maximum limit for Pb, where as 86.67% of samples exceeded that set by China. Consumption of cereal-legume blends contaminated by these heavy metals may pose potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks in this study.

Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) should be highly prioritized, monitored, and conserved as they have an immense effect on sustainability and livelihood. In this study we aim to survey and map cereal and legume wild relatives of Fabaceae and Poaceae families. Mount Hermon, Bekaa side, Lebanon. A set of 46 CWR species were targeted based on desk selection analysis and prioritization by the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas genebank for their potential importance in breeding programs. A botanical survey of 17 sites of the various habitats of Mount Hermon was performed during April–June 2021 using a systematic transect/quadrate sampling method. Recorded genera and species were accurately georeferenced and then mapped with the DIVA‐GIS program. In total, 854 occurrences were observed belonging to 34 species of Fabaceae and 12 species of Poaceae. High H′ Shannon diversity values were recorded in three sites (Al Fakiaa, Sham El Hafour and Ain Ata‐ al Berke) of the Mount with values ranking between 2.45 and 2.83. This was confirmed by the richness distribution maps of genera and species. Richness distribution maps provide relevant clues on candidate sites for high concentrations of each of the species under study. At least the three sites, hosting 87% of the surveyed CWR's species, can be considered for further in situ conservation actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new scenario for global food production and supply is decidedly complex given the current forecast of an increase in food fragility due to international tensions. In this period, exports from other parts of the world require different routes and treatments to preserve the food quality and integrity. Fumigation is a procedure used for the killing, removal, or rendering infertile of pests, with serious dangers to human health. The most-used fumigants are methyl bromide and ethylene dibromide. It is important to bear in mind that the soil may contain bromide ions naturally or from anthropogenic source (fertilizers and pesticides that contain bromide or previous fumigations). Different methods (titrimetric, spectrophotometric, and fluorometric approaches) are available to rapidly determine the amount of bromide ion on site in the containers, but these are non-specific and with high limits of quantification. The increasing interest in healthy food, without xenobiotic residues, requires the use of more sensitive, specific, and accurate analytical methods. In order to help give an overview of the bromide ion scenario, a new, fast method was developed and validated according to SANTE 11312/2021. It involves the determination of bromide ion in cereals and legumes through ion chromatography–Q-Orbitrap. The extraction was performed by the QuPPe method, but some modifications were applied based on the matrix. The method described here was validated at four different levels. Recoveries were satisfactory and the mean values ranged between 99 and 106%, with a relative standard deviation lower than 3%. The linearity in the matrix was evaluated to be between 0.010 and 2.5 mg kg−1, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9962. Finally, the proposed method was applied to different cereals and legumes (rice, wheat, beans, lentils pearled barley, and spelt) and tested with satisfactory results in EUPT-SMR16 organized by EURL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publication is aimed at analyzing the volume and structure of export-import operations in the cereals and legumes market, identifying trends of development and developing recommendations for improving the export potential of Ukraine. The structure and classification of grain in the cereals and legumes market is considered, also the functioning of this market. The volumes of growing cereals and legumes at the enterprises of Ukraine for 2019 are determined. The essence of the market of grain and legumes as a constituent part of the foreign trade is analyzed. The status of exports and imports of grain crops of Ukraine in the first quarter of 2020 is determined. The main indicators of export-import operations, balance, dynamics and pace of growth for 2015–2019 are defined. Both the commodity and geographical structure of the cereals and legumes market of Ukraine are examined. A PEST analysis is developed to determine the foreign economic situation of Ukraine in the grain market and the main factors that influence this market are identified. The main problems of foreign economic activity in the grain market and the proposals how to eliminate them are allocated. The foreign trade of wheat and corn by world countries for the time period of January – April 2020 is considered. A draft of recommendations as to the development and improvement of the agricultural sector and provision of the market with cereals and legumes is proposed. The forecasted values of the grain export market activity are computed by extrapolation method for 2020–2021. The main trends of the cereals and legumes market of Ukraine are determined.

The new scenario for global food production and supply is decidedly complex given the current forecast of an increase in food fragility due to international tensions. In this period, exports from other parts of the world require different routes and treatments to preserve the food quality and integrity. Fumigation is a procedure used for the killing, removal, or rendering infertile of pests, with serious dangers to human health. The most-used fumigants are methyl bromide and ethylene dibromide. It is important to bear in mind that the soil may contain bromide ions naturally or from anthropogenic source (fertilizers and pesticides that contain bromide or previous fumigations). Different methods (titrimetric, spectrophotometric, and fluorometric approaches) are available to rapidly determine the amount of bromide ion on site in the containers, but these are non-specific and with high limits of quantification. The increasing interest in healthy food, without xenobiotic residues, requires the use of more sensitive, specific, and accurate analytical methods. In order to help give an overview of the bromide ion scenario, a new, fast method was developed and validated according to SANTE 11312/2021. It involves the determination of bromide ion in cereals and legumes through ion chromatography–Q-Orbitrap. The extraction was performed by the QuPPe method, but some modifications were applied based on the matrix. The method described here was validated at four different levels. Recoveries were satisfactory and the mean values ranged between 99 and 106%, with a relative standard deviation lower than 3%. The linearity in the matrix was evaluated to be between 0.010 and 2.5 mg kg−1, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9962. Finally, the proposed method was applied to different cereals and legumes (rice, wheat, beans, lentils pearled barley, and spelt) and tested with satisfactory results in EUPT-SMR16 organized by EURL.

The purpose of this study is to quantify the responses of the yield and gross harvests of grain and leguminous crops to possible climatic changes in the long term (up to 2100) both in the Russian Federation as a whole and from the angle of the federal districts and regions. The spatial distribution of the statistical characteristics for the predicted time series of yield in the regions of the country has been obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A three-year field trial was carried out with two Bulgarian common vetch cultivars – Dobrudzha and Obrazets 666. The experiment was performed in the Training and Experimental Fields of the Agricultural University – Plovdiv on alluvial-meadow soil, in four replications, the size of the experimental plot being 10 m2 . The studied growth regulators RENI and RENI D, as well as the commercial products Bormax, Mn chelate and Molybdenite were applied once in the season, at the budding stage of vetch. The results obtained show that treatment with the growth regulators contributed to the increase of the starch content, the effect being more pronounced in Obrazets 666 – an increase of 3,2 to 3,5% compared to the untreated variant. What is more, the application of the products increased the protein content in both studied common vetch cultivars – Dobrudzha responded better to Bormax and RENI D, while Obrazets 666 responded to three growth regulators (Bormax, RENI and RENI D). A change in the elemental and amino acid composition of the harvested grain was also reported, which is essential for the production of feed of higher biological value for the farm animals. In Dobrudzha cultivar, a 12,0% increase of the lysine content in grain was found after treatment with RENI. Obrazets 666 responded with a sharp increase in the values of the sulfur-containing amino acid methionine in the grain protein in the variants treated with RENI D and Bormax – 47,2 and 35,2% on average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject ofphenolic antioxidants from cereals and legumes is under scrutiny offoreign and domestic scientists who study not only their qualitative and quantitative composition but the pharmacological effect on the macroorganism too. Polyphenols are known with their high antioxidant properties, inhibitory action on the enzymes a- glucosidase and maltase, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity. As well as contribute to the normalization of thyroid function, which confirms the possibility of using the preparations containing flavonoids in the existing ecological situation in Ukraine. The article presents a study of the content of free and bound polyphenols in cereals and legumes that are grown in our country. Samples (wheat, polished rice and red rice, rye, barley, corn, oats, oatmeal, buckwheat, peas, chickpeas, colored beans and white beans, lentils) were subjected to grinding to 750pm with following drying to determine the moisture content. Free polyphenols extracted from samples treated with 70% ethanol at 4°C for 16 hours. For extraction of bound polyphenols from cereal were used the extractant 2N NaOH (t = 80 ° C, t = 2h, hydronic 1:10). During the study legumes samples was determinated the optimal ratio of dry sample : extractant under the same extraction conditions. Were used the following ratio: 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, 1:25, 1:30, 1:35, 1:40. The contents of polyphenols in the extracts was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, pre-neutralized alkaline extracts with 3M HCl. It was found that the optimal ratio of the dry sample: extracting agent is 1:30. Based on the data, it was found that in cereals and legumes samples dominated bound polyphenols. The high levels showed: peas - 3.98mg/g, rye - 3,41mg/g, chickpeas - 3,10mg/g, and others, that positioning them as potential sources of free polyphenols. A high content of free polyphenolic compounds was found in: buckwheat - 2,14mg, corn - 1,05mg, oats - 1,15mg and colored beans - 1,10mg. Saturation of ready meals with these components will allow to enrich the food with bioavailable phenolic antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mediterranean climate allows for rainfed cropping in the relatively moist cool period from autumn to late spring/early summer. Drought has a constant influence. Soil fertility was partly maintained by fallowing, nitrogen-fixing plants, and animal manures. Considerable changes have occurred due to land use pressure, i.e. decreasing fallow and increasing crop diversification, irrigation, and chemical inputs, especially chemical fertilizers. Generally, N use has increased about 20-fold, while phosphate has also increased significantly. Due to adequate reserves in the soils, there is a limited potassium fertilizer use. Awareness of the significance of micronutrients has developed. This presentation gives a broad overview of nutrients in relation to soil properties and crops, emphasizing nutrient dynamics in agroecosystems and nutrient use efficiency. Chemical fertilizers have contributed significantly to increasing crop output in the Mediterranean region. Fertilizers and nutrients are considered in the broadest sense, i.e. agricultural production, human and animal health, and the environment. Attention is given to the potential contribution of soil and cropping systems to the emission of greenhouse gasses and how soil management is likely to need to respond to the likelihood of climate change. Projections about future changes related to soil resources of the Mediterranean region are seen in the light of global trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) or microsatellites are an important class of molecular markers for genome analysis and plant breeding applications. In this paper, the SSR distributions within ESTs from the legumes soybean (Glycine max, representing 135.86 Mb), medicago (Medicago truncatula, 121.1 Mb) and lotus (Lotus japonicus, 45.4 Mb) have been studied relative to the distributions in cereals such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, 98.9 Mb), rice (Oryza sativa, 143.9 Mb) and maize (Zea mays, 183.7 Mb). The relative abundance, density, composition and putative annotations of di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-nucleotide repeats have been compared and SSR containing ESTs (SSR-ESTs) have been clustered to give a non-redundant set of EST-SSRs, available in a database. Further, a subset of such candidate EST-SSRs from sorghum have been tested for their ability to detect polymorphism between Striga-susceptible, stay-green drought tolerant mapping population parent 'E 36-1' and its Striga-resistant, non-stay-green counterpart 'N13'. Primer sets for 64% of the EST-SSRs tested produced a clear and specific PCR product band and 34% of these detected scorable polymorphism between the N13 and E 36-1 parental lines. Over half of these markers have been genotyped on 94 RILs from the (N13 × E 36-1)-based mapping population, with 42 markers mapping onto the ten sorghum linkage groups. This establishes the value of this database as a resource of molecular markers for practical applications in cereal and legume genetics and breeding. The primer pairs for non-redundant EST-SSRs have been designed and are freely available through the database (http://intranet.icrisat.org/gt1/ssr/ssrdatabase.html). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]