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Hasta el momento, la cera ha sido un producto subestimado por los historiadores, tanto por los especializados en el comercio como por los especializados en las prácticas religiosas de la Baja Edad Media. Este estudio se encuadra en una línea de investigación adoptada en los últimos años en varios países, que ha rescatado el papel jugado en el mercado por artículos aparentemente "secundarios". Algunos, como la cera, presentaban un alto valor añadido y, además, fueron consumidos masivamente en el Occidente cristiano. Mediante un vaciado extensivo de los libros de contabilidad de la Sacristía de la Catedral de Mallorca, así como de otras fuentes de carácter fiscal (mallorquinas, catalanas e italianas), el artículo propone el caso de Mallorca como ejemplo para interpretar el mercado y consumo de la cera en el siglo XV. Mallorca fue un espacio privilegiado: nodo de redistribución hacia Europa de un producto que principalmente llegaba de los puertos norteafricanos. Se analizan también los usos litúrgicos de la cera en la catedral de Mallorca, haciendo hincapié en las estrategias de reaprovechamiento, dado su elevado precio. Finalmente, se describe una forma particular de consumo de la cera: los exvotos devocionales. El resultado es una imagen novedosa del comercio y del uso de un producto que fue omnipresente en la realidad material de la Baja Edad Media.

Copyright of Hispania: Revista Española de Historia is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Researchers engaged in the study of the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of genetics and genomics are often publicly funded and intend their work to be in the public interest. These features of U.S. ELSI research create an imperative for these scholars to demonstrate the public utility of their work and the expectation that they engage in research that has potential to inform policy or practice outcomes. In support of the fulfillment of this "translational mandate," the Center for ELSI Resources and Analysis (CERA), funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), aims to facilitate community-informed, ELSI research results synthesis and dissemination. However, little is known about how ELSI research scholars define the goals of translation and imagine the intended users of their research findings. We distributed a Qualtrics survey to ELSI scholars that aimed to determine: (1) researchers' expectations for their research findings in relation to policy or practice outcomes, (2) the stakeholder groups researchers believe could benefit from their research findings, and (3) the methods researchers use to foster the uptake of their findings by those stakeholders. Most ELSI researchers surveyed thought there were stakeholders that could benefit from their research findings, including health care professionals, at-risk individuals, patients, and their family members, policy-makers, and researchers/scientists, and expected their research findings to inform the creation or revision of laws, policies, or practice guidelines. Most researchers planned to disseminate findings directly to relevant stakeholders, with fewer expecting dissemination support from research funders, universities, or other entities. The broad range of research topics, disciplines, and set of potential end users represented in ELSI reseach complicate the work of a knowledge broker. Nonetheless, the CERA can play an important role in disseminating ELSI results to relevant stakeholders. Further research should explore outreach mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de este estudio es entender el papel de los principales impulsores de los cambios históricos de la línea de costa y sus implicaciones en el riesgo de erosión en una franja costera al norte del estado de Sinaloa, ubicada en la costa este del golfo de California. Se analizaron mapas digitales de diferentes años (1981, 1991, 2004 y 2018) utilizando softwares de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (DSAS y CERA) para examinar: a) el desplazamiento y la tasa de cambio en la línea de costa, y b) la vulnerabilidad, las posibles consecuencias y el riesgo de erosión. Los resultados obtenidos indican que entre 1981 y 2018: a) las acciones antrópicas (presas y escolleras) fueron los principales impulsores tanto de los cambios en la línea de costa como del daño ambiental subyacente al riesgo de erosión que se han producido en las últimas décadas; (b) la costa del área de estudio se ha erosionado con un EPR promedio de -3.1 m por año, lo que ha dado lugar a un NSM promedio de -112.9 m, y c) el riesgo de erosión se mantuvo moderado, aunque la vulnerabilidad aumentó de un nivel moderado a un nivel alto y las posibles consecuencias de un nivel muy bajo a uno moderado. Los resultados de este estudio servirán de base para futuros análisis centrados en predecir los cambios en la costa y el riesgo costero.

In the electronic information age, consortiums are gaining more importance. The consortia movement has entered libraries and has received attention from the information-producing community. CeRA consortium is a tremendously great effort on the part of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) to propose single-window access to e-resources to State Agricultural Universities (SAU)/ICAR institutes all over India. CeRA subscribed to e-Resources and create/facilitate an e-environment and e-access culture for faculty, scientists, research scholars, and students in the National Agricultural Research and Education System. The current study attempts to understand the access and use of CeRA among the researchers and PG students of the KRC College of Horticulture, Arabhavi (UHS, Bagalkot). The study has exposed that all the respondents are aware of CeRA and know its importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: Dr. Seehusen is an Editor for JABFM.

Background: Complete transection of the main bile duct (CTMD) is a major complication during hepato-bilio-pancreatic (HBP) surgery and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, a combined endoscopic-radiological approach (CERA) for minimally invasive treatment of CTMD has been introduced, but evidence on its long-term outcomes is limited. Our aim is to report efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of CERA for the management of post-surgical CTMD in a tertiary referral center.Methods: All consecutive patients referred for CTMD after HBP surgery between February 2012 and January 2021 were included in this study. CERA was first performed to re-establish biliary tree continuity, and then multiple biliary plastic stents were deployed to guarantee biliary tree reconstruction. Anthropometric, clinical, procedural (endoscopic/radiologic/surgical), and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. Each lesion was classified according to Strasberg classification.Results: Overall, 60 patients (age 60.5 years, range 28-91), 38 F (61.7%), underwent CERA. Mean interval from surgery to endoscopic treatment was 13.2 days. Mean treatment duration was 526 days (SD ± 415) with a median number of 8 endoscopic sessions (range 1-33). Mean length of the biliary defect was 17.6 mm (SD ± 11.5). Long-term clinical success was achieved in 33/49 (67.3%) of patients. Treatment failure was experienced in 16/49 (32.7%) patients, while after an average follow-up of 41 months, stricture recurrence was observed in 3/36 (8.3%) patients.Conclusions: CERA is a minimally invasive and effective technique to re-establish the continuity of the biliary tract after CTMD, achieving permanent restoration in over half of treated patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Audiological use of the 40 Hz-ASSR (auditory steady state responses) could be valuable for objectively estimating the frequency-specific threshold in adults undergoing an expertise examination for medicolegal and/or compensation purposes. The present prospective study was set up to clarify the relationship between the thresholds obtained by cortical evoked response audiometry (CERA) and by 40 Hz-ASSR, in the same ears, within a large homogeneous sample of 164 subjects (328 ears) with NIHL and well documented exposure to noise. All these subjects claimed financial compensation for occupational NIHL, and there was a suspicion of exaggeration of the reported NIHLs. ASSR thresholds show a good correlation with the CERA thresholds. However, a systematic shift is noticed, ASSR thresholds being on average (1–2 – 3 kHz) 4.38 dB lower (i.e. showing less hearing loss) than CERA thresholds. Moreover, the binaural multiple ASSR technique allows a considerable time gain when compared to the CERA.

Objective: To define difference scores between PTA, ASSR and CERA thresholds in subjects with occupational NIHL. Design: 44 subjects undergoing a medico-legal expert assessment for occupational NIHL and fulfilling criteria of reliability were considered. Assessment included: PTA, 40 Hz binaural multiple ASSR and CERA (1-2-3 kHz). Results: The respective average difference scores (ASSR - PTA) for 1, 2 and 3 kHz are 13.01 (SD 10.19) dB, 12.72 (SD 8.81) dB and 10.38 (SD 8.19) dB. The average (CERA - ASSR) difference scores are 1.25 (SD 14.63) dB for 1 kHz (NS), 2.73 (SD 13.03) dB for 2 kHz (NS) and 4.51 (SD 12.18) dB for 3 kHz. The correlation between PTA and ASSR (0.82) is significantly stronger than that between PTA and CERA (0.71). In a given subject, PTA thresholds are nearly always lower (i.e., better) than ASSR thresholds, whatever the frequency (1-2-3 kHz) and the side (right – left). A significant negative correlation is found between the difference score (ASSR – PTA) and the degree of hearing loss. Conclusion: ASSR outperforms CERA in a medicolegal context, although overestimating the behavioral thresholds by 10–13 dB.

Introducción: La caña de azúcar se ha usado como fuente proveedora de cera. En las plantas de cera se extrae una cera cruda partiendo de la torta de los filtros que posteriormente se somete a un tratamiento físico para obtener tres fracciones: la cera refinada, la fracción grasa y un residual (resina). El procesamiento químico de diferentes ceras ha sido estudiado debido al interés de los productos que de ella se obtienen, divididos en dos grupos, saponificables e insaponificables. Las propuestas para su procesamiento se basan fundamentalmente en dos reacciones: transesterificación y saponificación. Objetivo: Establecer los procesos de obtención de productos con usos potenciales, a partir del tratamiento químico de la cera de caña de azúcar. Materiales y Métodos: Se establecen los procedimientos para la obtención de las fracciones por saponificación y transesterificación de la cera de caña, se identificaron los productos de interés y se describen las pruebas a que fueron sometidos. Resultados y Discusión: Se demuestra que por transesterificación se puede obtener un etiléster con usos como biocombustible, por saponificación, a partir de la fracción saponificable se elabora una emulsión usada en los tableros de bagazo. En ambos procesos la fracción insaponificable puede ser usada como estimulante del crecimiento de cultivos. Conclusiones: Se obtiene una propuesta integral para el aprovechamiento de la cera que constituye un aporte a la industria de los derivados de la caña de azúcar, pues se refiere a un punto de vista diferente de abordar el tratamiento de este producto

Copyright of TECHNO Review is the property of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) is a third‐generation erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent that was developed for the treatment of anemia. However, misuse of CERA for doping in endurance sports has been reported. Previous studies have shown blood as the matrix of choice for the detection of CERA, due to its high molecular weight. The use of dried blood spots (DBSs) for anti‐doping purposes constitutes a complementary approach to the standard urine and venous blood matrices and could facilitate sample collection and increase the number of blood samples available for analysis due to reduced costs of sample collection and transport. Here, we investigated whether CERA could be indirectly detected in extracts of single DBSs using an erythropoietin‐specific immunoassay that is capable of providing results within approximately 2 h. Reconstituted DBS samples were prepared from mixtures of red blood cell pellets and serum samples. The samples were collected in a previous clinical study in which six healthy volunteers were injected with a single, 200 μg dose of CERA. Using a commercially available ELISA kit, CERA was detected in the DBSs with a detection window of up to 20 days post‐injection. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the fitness‐for‐purpose, three authentic doping control serum samples, which were identified as containing CERA, were analyzed by the presented methodological approach on DBS. The testing procedure described here could be used as a fast and cost‐effective method for the detection of CERA abuse in sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los sellos de cera, ya sean de las tipologías, pendientes o adheridos, fueron elementos esenciales de las sociedades antiguas, y en concreto las medievales y modernas. La composición y fabricación de estos no suelen aparecer en los estudios dedicados a la sigilografía, salvo aspectos muy breves de la materia y de la coloración de estos. Por ello este trabajo aborda la fabricación y composición de un tipo de sellos, los gomados que aparecen a partir de la generalización del uso del papel en los reinos ibéricos a mediados del XIII. Así pues, a partir de la receta de cera gomada, conservada en la Biblioteca Nacional de España (Madrid), se pretende conocer los procesos técnicos que se utilizaban para la confección de la pasta necesaria para la impresión de la matriz sigilar.

„Saggio delli Commerciali Rapporti di Veneziani colle Ottomane Scale di Durazzo ed Albania" by Giovanni Antonio Maria Morana, printed in Venice in 1816, is used in this study as a first class source in attempt to track significant changes in local businesses of the the so-called Turkish Albania, within the general framework of Venetian economy, in the circumstances that followed the abolition of the Republic in 1797. Document offers concrete answers to the question, whether this area, with Durrës as an export port, could be a compatible partner to the Venetian economy. At the time this treatise was published, the region came under the rule of Austria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of En la España Medieval is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dicenda: Cuadernos de Filologia Hispanica is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mangrove area in east coast of Surabaya region is becomes a fortress to protect the city from the threat of erosion and sea intrusion. According to its function, the development of mangrove areas will help this area in dealing with coastal erosion. This study presents a GIS model that aims to determine the effect of mangrove changes to coastal erosion risk. The method used Landsat satellite images during 2015-2019 to calculate mangrove changes. DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System) is used to calculate shoreline changes. Finally, the model used CERA to analysis coastal erosion risk. The results showed that there is the dynamics change of shoreline (both accretion and abrasion) in the 2015-2019 period in each district. This change is influenced by the density of mangroves. Meanwhile, the analysis of CERA showed that the Kenjeran and Bulak Districts are classified as high risk of erosion. This condition is not only based on the extent of mangrove but is also caused by other parameters such as geomorphology, land cover, population density, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sugarcane has been used as a supplier source for wax. In wax plants, a crude wax is extracted starting from the filter cake that is subsequently subjected to a physical treatment to obtain three fractions: refined wax, fat fraction and a residual (resin). chemical processing of different waxes has been studied due to the interest of the products obtained from it, divided into two groups, saponifiable and unsaponifiable. The proposals for its processing are fundamentally based on two reactions: transesterification and saponification. Objective: To establish the processes for obtaining products with potential uses from sugar cane wax chemical treatment. Materials and Methods: Procedures are carried out to obtain two fractions, by cane wax saponification and transesterification. The products of interest were identified and the tests to which they were subjected are described. Results and Discussion: It is shown that by transesterification an ethyl ester can be obtained with uses as a biofuel. From saponifiable fraction an emulsion used in bagasse boards is made. In both processes, the unsaponifiable fraction can be used as a stimulant of crop growth. Conclusions: A comprehensive proposal is obtained for the use of wax that constitutes a contribution to the sugarcane derivatives industry, since it refers to a different point of view of approaching the treatment of this product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Estudiantil AGRO - VET is the property of Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper highlights the agricultural consortium: It is a study of Consortium for e-resources in Agriculture (CeRA) which is an initiative from ICAR for the agricultural libraries of country as well as libraries of Chhattisgarh. The study is based problem and prospects in utilization of digital information resources of CeRA in IGKV Raipur Chhattisgarh during COVID-19. The outcome and findings are very positive and effective. Some problems are observed in remotely located agricultural libraries of Chhattisgarh but the facility in urban areas are very good, maximum use of CeRA through DDR by the users Chhattisgarh. Resources of various discipline/subject coverage CeRA are broad. CeRA meet the academic and research needs of faculty, research scholars and students across the country as well as Chhattisgarh. Now the time has come to think about how to strengthen for more useful CeRA facility to each and every corner of country in wider range through remote access software's or cloud computing etc. Need increase more e-resources in CeRA, financial support for maintain Consortium and collaboration of agricultural libraries. Agricultural Libraries of India as well as Chhattisgarh should also up to date from latest e-Resources and its facilities to achieve the object for which they are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Conservar Património is the property of Associacao Profissional de Conservadores-Restauradores de Portugal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Además de is the property of Ademas de: Revista on line de artes decorativas y diseno and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Worldwide coastal zones present serious erosion problems that cause loss of territory. This phenomenon exposes people and goods to the threat, being necessary to carry out a well-founded management of these areas. Coastal erosion risk assessment methodologies are an important tool for coastal management. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate and discuss coastal management strategies based on the application of a methodology of coastal erosion risk classification, allowing easy comparison of scenarios. The study was developed for the Portuguese coastal stretch Barra-Vagueira. CERA methodology and its plugin for QGIS software were applied in order to assess the erosion risk of Barra-Vagueira stretch for different coastal erosion mitigation scenarios. First, an analysis of the coastal erosion risk was carried out based on bibliographic elements and present situation characterization. Subsequently, the erosion risk was assessed considering defence, relocation and nourishment strategies scenarios and climate change scenarios. The study based on bibliographic elements shows that the coastal region between Barra and Vagueira has a high risk of coastal erosion. Generally, the different scenarios tested represent variations on coastal erosion risk classification, allowing a simple first approach to evaluate coastal erosion mitigation scenarios, helping planning and decision-makers. Performing measures that allow to constrain the shoreline retreat, as artificial nourishments, leads to greater benefits in reducing the area of the territory classified with higher risk. New coastal defence structures allow to mainly decrease the stretch's susceptibility to coastal erosion. The relocation of population leads to a decrease in the area of the territory classified as very high-risk. Climate change increases the erosion risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Anemia is a common complication in dialysis patients, usually treated with erythropoietin (EPO). Among available EPOs and analogs, continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) and darbepoetin alfa (DA) are the only two agents with a long duration of action, although they have almost never been formally compared in terms of efficacy. We took advantage of an accidental disruption in CERA supply to study the effect of its replacement with DA in the same patients. Methods: The clinical and biological characteristics of 154 hemodialysis patients were retrospectively reviewed during the last 3 months on CERA compared to the first 4 months after replacement by DA, both ASE being administered by IV route. The comparison included EPO doses, hemoglobin levels, factors interfering with anemia (iron status assessment, iron doses, inflammation, quality of treatment) and was performed under the Bayesian paradigm. Results: We found no significant differences between the two EPOs in terms of doses or hemoglobin concentrations. Factors that could potentially influence hemoglobin concentrations also did not differ under CERA or DA. The stability of hemoglobin was identical with both EPOs. We provide a conversion factor which allows comparison of cost according to local prices. Conclusions: We conclude that, in this observational "real life" study, the two EPOs are to be considered as equivalent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sixty-three Bacillus cereus strains isolated from food samples. All strains were subjected to DNA sequencing for 16S rRNA for identification. 15 strains were registered at GenBank of NCBI and given new accession numbers. 41.26% of the isolates showed bacteriocinogenicproduction activity against four bacterial speciesviz, Bacillus cereus, Staphyliciccus aureus, Escherichia cili and Salminella sp. Presence of cerA gene coding for cericidine(a type of bacteriocin) was detected in 7.69% of the isolates that produced bacteriocin. Bacterionwas precipitated by ammonium sulphate and purified by dialysis. Antimicrobial activity of precipitated bacteriocin against the four types of bacteria showed the effect on Bacillus cereus and Staphyliciccus aureus growth but not on Escherichia cili and Salminella spp. The produced bacteriocin has a molecular weight ranging from 47-54 KDa. Estimation of the concentration and physical and chemical properties of bacteriocin were also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La imagen digital, finalmente, habita el espacio físico de la materia en lo que llamamos el registro del acontecimiento, mediante el desarrollo procesual y conceptual de una metodología comprobada e inédita de transferencia sobre cera. Tras esta práctica, en donde la matriz es intangible, se reflexiona en torno a la condición de la imagen contemporánea, a través de la propia creación en la que infinidad de datos, que parten de imágenes digitalizadas de fotografías, se reconstruyen y reinterpretan en un proceso de transformación analógico/digital. La transferencia vincula la imagen digitalizada a un soporte, en este caso cera, aportando un nuevo significado a la obra.

En este trabajo se abordan las estrategias que permitan la introducción de modelos diseñados por ordenador como sustitutos de los modelos de cera utilizados tradicionalmente en la fundición artística. Estos modelos digitales, se fabrican mediante impresión 3D en ácido poliláctico (PLA), material que por sus propiedades se presenta como un sustituto viable a la cera, dentro de los procesos de fundición artística mediante cascarilla cerámica (Ceramic Shell casting). Para comprobar la viabilidad se han diseñado dos modelos complejos y difícilmente realizables con técnicas tradicionales. En concreto, un busto figurativo hueco y una síntesis figurativa de formas vegetales con una solución estructural de gradiente. Además se hizo un estudio con diferentes técnicas para unificar la textura de capas que presentan los objetos fabricados mediante impresión 3D. Se comprueba que es viable introducir los modelos de PLA en el proceso de fundición a menor coste y menor tiempo que con técnicas tradicionales. Además se pueden fundir formas en metal que no son posibles de crear con técnicas manuales.

La conversación con Antonio Pujía nos permitió apreciar la importancia que el artista ha dado al conocimiento técnico de la fundición a la cera, primero, plasmada en su proyecto de una Cooperativa de Técnicas de la Escultura y, luego, a través de su curso de modelado en cera (que aún hoy dicta). Al mismo tiempo, hemos revisitado, a través de su relato, una parte importante de su vida y de su carrera artística.

Purpose: Food insecurity (FI) is a hidden epidemic associated with worsening health outcomes affecting 33.8 million people in the US in 2021. Although studies demonstrate the importance of health care clinician assessment of a patient's food insecurity, little is known about whether Family Medicine clinicians (FMC) discuss FI with patients and what barriers influence their ability to communicate about FI. This study evaluated FM clinicians' food insecurity screening practices to evaluate screening disparities and identify barriers that influence the decision to communicate about FI., Methods: Data were gathered and analyzed as part of the 2022 Council of Academic Family Medicine's Educational Research Alliance survey of Family Medicine general membership., Results: The majority of respondents reported (66.9%) that their practice has a screening system for food insecurity, and most practices used a verbal screen with staff other than the clinician (41%) at specific visits (63.8%). Clinicians reported "rarely or never asking about FI" 40% of the time and only asking "always or frequently" 6.7% of the time. Inadequate time during appointments (44.5%) and other medical issues taking priority (29.4%) were identified as the most common barriers. The lack of resources available in the community was a significant barrier for clinicians who worked in rural areas., Conclusions: This survey provides insight into food insecurity screening disparities and identifies obstacles to FMC screening, such as time constraints, lack of resources, and knowledge of available resources. Understanding current communication practices could create opportunities for interventions to identify food insecurity and impact "Food as Medicine.", Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None., (© Copyright 2024 by the American Board of Family Medicine.)

Lipids are key ingredients in the human diet. Because of the manipulation and modification of lipids in the food industry, the amount of trans and saturated fat has been substantially increasing in industrialized products. At the same time, the number of studies demonstrating the harmful effects of these foods on human health has increased. Organogels arise as a promising alternative for replacing trans and saturated fat in processed foods. Among the main challenges of preparing an organogel is the difficulty of finding compatible and viable structuring agents in the food industry. Waxes have been studied for this purpose and are one of the most promising organogelators. This article brings a bibliographical review on the recent studies regarding the use of waxes as structuring agents for edible vegetable oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arte, Individuo y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Patient's perception analysis appears recently in numerous studies. Conjoint analysis has been used extensively by market researchers for studying how people value the characteristics of products and services. This technique was used in a clinical study to describe perceptions and preferences of anaemic patients suffering from chronic kidney disease not on dialysis (CKDnd), regarding erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA). PERCEPOLIS was a French multicenter prospective non-interventional study designed to describe the relative importance of ESA attributes according to CKDnD patients. Patients fulfilled questionnaires using an electronic device (digital tablet) at baseline and after 6 months under continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) treatment. Choice-based conjoint (CBC) questionnaires were developed with multiple components: 7 ESA attributes (2 or 3 levels per attribute), 2 partial profiles per task (2 out of the 7 attributes), and 7 tasks per questionnaire. Analyses were performed according to previous ESA treatment or not. From 789 analyzed patients, 433 non ESA-naive patients were more than 80% to declare treatment efficacy as the most important expectative in ESA choice process (direct question) but CBC analyses revealed that frequency of injections was more crucial (relative mean weight: ∼30% versus ∼20% for efficacy). Pain at injection site and haemoglobin not exceeding the recommended target were confirmed as important criteria for patients (relative mean weights: ∼15%). No new or unexplained safety signals were noted. Using CBC design for the first time in a non-interventional ESA study with an electronic Patient Reported Outcome (ePRO) in an elderly population, these data showed that monthly injections and treatment efficacy were key patients' expectations relative to ESAs. CERA efficacy to maintain stable haemoglobin within the recommended range was confirmed in real-life conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cette étude nationale, prospective et multicentrique vise à décrire en pratique médicale courante l'impact des comorbidités sur la stabilité du taux d'hémoglobine chez des patients insuffisants rénaux chroniques hémodialysés, traités par méthoxy polyéthylène glycol-époétine bêta (CERA) en relais d'un agent stimulant l'érythropoïèse. Les comorbidités des patients ont été définies par l'index de Charlson ajusté sur l'âge, le taux d'hémoglobine stable par une variation de ±1 g/dL après 6 mois de traitement. Les 585 patients analysés étaient répartis selon l'index de Charlson ajusté de la façon suivante : score ≤ 3 (12 % des patients), 4 ≤ score ≤ 5 (17 %), 6 ≤ score ≤ 7 (31 %), score ≥ 8 (40 %). À l'instauration de CERA, sa dose mensuelle médiane était de 100 μg, sans changement au cours du suivi et avec peu de variations selon le score de comorbidité. Les patients avec un taux d'hémoglobine stable (56 %, 67 % si score ≤ 3) étaient plus nombreux à atteindre la cible thérapeutique entre 10 et 12 g/dL après 6 mois (85 % versus 43 % si hémoglobine non stable). Les patients avec une faible valeur de protéine C-réactive (≤ 5 mg/L ; p = 0,04), sans transfusion sanguine (p = 0,03), peu ou pas de fer intraveineux (≤ 200 mg ; p = 0,03), avaient plus de chance d'atteindre un taux d'hémoglobine stable après 6 mois. Parmi les 644 patients traités par CERA, 4 (< 1 %) ont présenté un événement indésirable gave relié au traitement. Un taux d'hémoglobine stable, dans la cible thérapeutique, a été atteint chez la majorité des patients après 6 mois en situation réelle, avec une faible dose de CERA, indépendamment des comorbidités des patients hémodialysés. This national, prospective and multicenter study aimed to describe the real-life impact of comorbidities on hemoglobin stability in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis, treated with CERA in relay of an erythropoietin stimulating agent. Comorbidities were defined by the Charlson Index (adjusted on age) and hemoglobin stability as a variation of ±1 g/dL after the 6-month treatment period. The 585 analyzed patients were distributed as follows according to the adjusted Charlson index: score ≤ 3 (12% of patients), 4 ≤ score ≤ 5 (17%), 6 ≤ score ≤ 7 (31%) and score ≥ 8 (40%). At CERA start, its median monthly dose was of 100 μg for the overall population, with no changes during the treatment period and with little variation according to the comorbidity score. Patients with stable hemoglobin (56%, 67% if score ≤ 3) were more numerous to reach the therapeutic target range between 10 and 12 g/dL after 6 months (85% versus 43% if not stable hemoglobin). Patients with low C-reactive protein value (≤ 5 mg/L ; P = 0.04), no red blood cell transfusion (P = 0.03), or no/low dose of intravenous iron (≤ 200 mg ; P = 0.03) were more likely to reach stable hemoglobin under CERA after 6 months. Among the 644 CERA-treated patients, 4 patients (< 1%) had one serious adverse event related to treatment. A stable hemoglobin within the therapeutic target was reached in the majority of the patients after 6 months in current practice with a lower CERA dose, regardless of the comorbidities scores of patients on hemodialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La piña es uno de los principales cultivos de exportación en Costa Rica y la presencia de moho en el pedúnculo afecta su calidad en los mercados internacionales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar en frutos de piña, en la cera aplicada sobre la fruta y en el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento, la frecuencia de los principales hongos asociados al desarrollo de mohos en el pedúnculo. Se realizó un muestreo mensual de abril de 2012 a marzo de 2013 en empacadoras de Sarapiquí y Puntarenas, Costa Rica. En cada empacadora se muestreó: frutos luego del proceso-comercial que se realiza para exportación y almacenamiento, la cera aplicada sobre la superficie de las frutas y el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento. Se realizó un análisis de frecuencia de los principales hongos recuperados por muestreo en cada zona, para la cáscara y el pedúnculo, la cera y el aire. Además, se comparó el crecimiento in vitro a 18°C de los hongos más frecuentes al finalizar los muestreos. El hongo más frecuente en las cámaras de enfriamiento, el pedúnculo y la cáscara de ambas zonas y en la cera de Sarapiquí fue Penicillium diversum, con valores entre 7% y 100%. Mientras que en la cera de Puntarenas únicamente destacó la presencia de un grupo de hongos de micelio blanco. P. purpureogenum, Penicillium sp., Talaromyces calidicanius y Cladosporium sp., fueron microorganismos también recuperados con alta frecuencia tanto en la fruta como en el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento de ambas empacadoras. P. purpureogenum, P. diversum y T. calidicanius fueron las especies con mayor crecimiento in vitro. Se concluyó que el manejo integrado de P. diversum, P. purpureogenum y T. calidicanius es necesario si se desea evitar el desarrollo de moho en el pedúnculo de la piña.

Se muestran los resultados de las intervenciones realizadas por el Laboratorio de Conservación Preventiva y Restauración del Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona (MCNB) sobre la colección de modelos de frutas del Gabinete Salvador, un gabinete de curiosidades del s XVII. Los tratamientos han logrado mejorar el estado de conservación de un gran número de modelos, elaborados principalmente con cera y papel, permitiendo su determinación taxonómica por parte de un especialista. En algunas piezas seleccionadas para ser expuestas, se ha mejorado además su legibilidad mediante el retoque de la capa pictórica. La totalidad de las intervenciones han tenido en cuenta la principal característica de la colección: el carácter científico de la misma.

La anatomía en cera se desarrolló a partir del arte renacentista al encontrar la dilatada praxis de taller un nuevo campo de expresión plástica dentro de la enseñanza médica. Dicho material fue altamente valorado por su utilidad para trasladar al artefacto inanimado todos los detalles morfológicos del cuerpo muerto. Este artículo analiza la problemática de conservación-restauración de modelos anatómicos de cera en colecciones médicas. Se ofrece una revisión ordenada de la literatura científica específica sobre este tipo de actuaciones en ceroplástica, dedicando un especial interés a dos de las fases más complejas: la adhesión de fragmentos y los sistemas de limpieza. Se exponen los tratamientos de restauración efectuados en algunas piezas existentes en la colección del Museo de anatomía “Javier Puerta” de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Complutense, con motivo de su préstamo para una exposición temporal.

Copyright of Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article sets out peculiar features of attaining the CERA credential from the Canadian Institute of Actuaries. The analysis results show that there are scores of ways available to candidates perusing the aim of becoming a CERA. There have been singled out the main models following which it is possible to get the designation which is administered by the following professional bodies: the pathways proposed by the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries, the German Society of Actuaries and European Actuarial Academy, the Netherlands and France exam systems, and finally the examinations and modules offered by the SOA. Since there are no examinations and modules leading to the designation administered solely by the CIA, the research is basically focused on the analysis of the standards laid down by the CAS and SOA which are the Institute's closest partners offering the requirements completion of which results in attaining not just the CERA, but also the ACIA and FCIA credentials. Having analyzed the SOA's CERA examination systems, we have figured out that for candidates willing to become CERAs there are only two ERM specific activities: the ERM exam and module. We may conclude that there is a considerable overlap between the two, only the exam section dedicated to extensions being different. The CAS system is organized on the basis of cooperation with the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries meaning that on the pathway to the designation awarded by the CAS candidates have to complete the Risk Management Specialist Technical Exam which is commonly abbreviated to ST-9. The second ERM specific requirement is the completion of the Enterprise Risk Management and Modeling Seminar. A two-fold nature of the CERA requirements in the CAS case is utilized to a more efficient extent as it adds an interactive component and an opportunity to exchange experience with the actuarial practitioners working in the field of ERM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nativa is the property of Revista Nativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a pivotal pathophysiological process in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Multiple profibrotic factors and cell types, including transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and interstitial myofibroblasts, respectively, are responsible for the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the kidney. Matrix-producing myofibroblasts can originate from different sources and different mechanisms are involved in the activation process of the myofibroblasts in the fibrotic kidney. In this study, 16-week-old db/db mice, a model for type 2 DN, were treated for two weeks with continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA), a synthetic erythropoietin variant with possible non-hematopoietic, tissue-protective effects. Non-diabetic and diabetic mice treated with placebo were used as controls. The effects of CERA on tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) as well as on the generation of the matrix-producing myofibroblasts were evaluated by morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular biological methods. The placebo-treated diabetic mice showed significant signs of beginning renal TIF (shown by picrosirius red staining; increased connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin and collagen I deposition; upregulated KIM1 expression) together with an increased number of interstitial myofibroblasts (shown by different mesenchymal markers), while kidneys from diabetic mice treated with CERA revealed less TIF and fewer myofibroblasts. The mechanisms, in which CERA acts as an anti-fibrotic agent/drug, seem to be multifaceted: first, CERA inhibits the generation of matrix-producing myofibroblasts and second, CERA increases the ability for tissue repair. Many of these CERA effects can be explained by the finding that CERA inhibits the renal expression of the cytokine TGF-β1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]