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This research aimed to identify a new measurement to diagnose the sagittal maxillary and mandibular difference that considers the patient's profile (soft tissue Wits appraisal: obtained by projecting points A and B on the occlusal plane and subsequently measuring the linear distance between the two points). This new measurement was compared to the conventional Wits appraisal obtained to diagnose sagittal jaw discrepancy. In total, 300 subjects (162 males, 138 females) aged between 6 and 50 years requiring orthodontic treatment were analyzed. The cephalometric tracings on the pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained and the two measurements taken were the Wits appraisal and a new measurement which were both calculated and compared. The analysis of the linear correlations between the conventional Wits value and the measurement obtained on the soft-tissue were undertaken. The relevance was established at 5% (p < 0.05). The mean values were also calculated within sex and age classes, and comparisons between sexes were obtained employing the t test Student's for independent samples. Subsequently, chi-square analysis was also utilized to verify the sex distributions in the age groups considered. The results obtained suggested that these two measurements were significantly correlated with each other, with no characteristic patterns of sex or age. These data allowed an estimation of the reference values of the new measurement (−1.9 mm and 5.4 mm for patients with Class I molar relationship) showing that the former was more variable than the latter. The new measurement could allow for an accurate evaluation of the jaws sagittal discrepancy from soft tissue analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cephalometric diagnosis of third molars, as the molar group that heads the list of dental retentions, has been very variable and controversial from the clinical to the most modern radiographic methods. A literature review was carried out from January 2017 to March 2020; consulting articles, theses and texts available in databases; enlisting a total of 33 bibliographical references from which 27 were selected. The selection criteria were the direct relation with the subject, updating level in the last 5 years, as well as their methodological quality. The objective was aimed at describing the theoretical approaches to cephalometric diagnosis of third molar eruption. The review showed that there is a wide variety of studies on cephalometric diagnosis of third molar eruption with different limitations, each one contributing with their own approach to the subject, with isolated aspects on the etiology of the abnormal eruption in foreign contexts, offering measures that do not adjust to the Cuban population, representing 72.2 % in the last 5 years, including texts, not so updated, but which were of essential consultation due to the importance of their contents. It was concluded that the theoretical approaches presented by the literature on cephalometric diagnosis of third molar eruption are distinguished by the use of different foreign methods in diverse populations; highlighting a Cuban method applicable to the local and national context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to identify a new measurement to diagnose the sagittal maxillary and mandibular difference that considers the patient’s profile (soft tissue Wits appraisal: obtained by projecting points A and B on the occlusal plane and subsequently measuring the linear distance between the two points). This new measurement was compared to the conventional Wits appraisal obtained to diagnose sagittal jaw discrepancy. In total, 300 subjects (162 males, 138 females) aged between 6 and 50 years requiring orthodontic treatment were analyzed. The cephalometric tracings on the pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained and the two measurements taken were the Wits appraisal and a new measurement which were both calculated and compared. The analysis of the linear correlations between the conventional Wits value and the measurement obtained on the soft-tissue were undertaken. The relevance was established at 5% (p < 0.05). The mean values were also calculated within sex and age classes, and comparisons between sexes were obtained employing the t test Student’s for independent samples. Subsequently, chi-square analysis was also utilized to verify the sex distributions in the age groups considered. The results obtained suggested that these two measurements were significantly correlated with each other, with no characteristic patterns of sex or age. These data allowed an estimation of the reference values of the new measurement (−1.9 mm and 5.4 mm for patients with Class I molar relationship) showing that the former was more variable than the latter. The new measurement could allow for an accurate evaluation of the jaws sagittal discrepancy from soft tissue analysis.

INTRODUÇÃO: avaliações paramétricas clássicas e variáveis cefalométricas isoladas podem não prover a melhor informação em morfologia craniofacial. Por outro lado, uma cefalometria contextualizada pode ser bem mais promissora, uma vez que permite a integração de variáveis cefalométricas ponderadas. OBJETIVO: a proposta principal desse artigo é apresentar a aplicação de um modelo matemático não-trivial em cefalometria, permitindo a mineração de dados através da filtragem de certeza e contradição em cada "nó" da rede. MÉTODOS: nessa "rede neural" proposta, cada "célula" é conectada a outras "células" através de "sinapses". Tal sistema de tomada de decisão é uma ferramenta de inteligência artificial ajustada para potencialmente aumentar o significado dos dados coletados. RESULTADOS: a comparação entre o diagnóstico final fornecido pela rede neural paraconsistente e as opiniões de três examinadores foi heterogênea. O índice de concordância Kappa foi regular para discrepâncias anteroposteriores; substancial ou regular para discrepâncias verticais; e moderado para discrepâncias dentárias. Para a protrusão bimaxilar dentária, a concordância foi quase perfeita. Similarmente, a concordância entre as opiniões dos três examinadores sem a ajuda de nenhuma ferramenta de diagnóstico foi apenas moderada para discrepâncias esqueletais e dentárias. Como exceção, a concordância para protrusão dentária foi quase perfeita. CONCLUSÕES: a avaliação de desempenho do sistema tecnológico desenvolvido suporta que a ferramenta eletrônica apresentada pode se igualar às decisões humanas na maioria das situações. Como uma limitação esperada, tal ferramenta matemática-computacional se apresentou menos efetiva para discrepâncias esqueletais do que para discrepâncias dentárias.INTRODUCTION: Classical parametric assessments and isolated cephalometric variables may not provide the best information in craniofacial morphology. Rather, contextualized cephalometrics can be more promising, since it allows integration among balanced cephalometric variables. OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this manuscript is to present the application of a non-trivial mathematical model in cephalometrics, providing data mining by filtering certainty and contradiction in each network "node". METHODS: In the proposed "neural network", each "cell" is connected to others "cells" by "synapses". Such decision-making system is an artificial intelligence tool tailored to potentially increase the meaning of assessed data. RESULTS: The comparison between the final diagnose provided by the paraconsistent neural network with the opinions of three examiners was heterogeneous. Kappa agreement was fair for antero-posterior discrepancies, substantial or fair for vertical discrepancies and moderate for dental discrepancies. For the bimaxillary dental protrusion, the agreement was almost perfect. Similarly, the agreement among the three examiners, without any software aid, was just moderate for skeletal and dental discrepancies. An exception was dental protrusion, which agreement was almost perfect. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the analysis of performance of the developed technology supports that the presented electronic tool might match human decisions in the most of the events. As an expected limitation, such mathematical-computational tool was less effective for skeletal discrepancies than for dental discrepancies.

Pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 120 patient s having criteria commonly used for identifying patients with low angle growth pattern were traced and measured. Results indicate that different parameters identify different patients. Association ratios of total angle, gonial angle, and Jarabac ratio with overbite were found higher comparatively. Patients identified as low angle by commonly used parameters like, mandibular plane angle and lower anterior face height/total anterior face height ratio were identified different by other parameters. Values of FMA and Y angles were not harmonious with other parameters, but the patients selected with these criteria (FMA&Y angle) identified similar by other parameters.

Copyright of Orthodontie Française is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Classical parametric assessments and isolated cephalometric variables may not provide the best information in craniofacial morphology. Rather, contextualized cephalometrics can be more promising, since it allows for integration among weighty cephalometric variables. Objective: The main purpose of this manuscript is to present the application of a non-trivial mathematical model in cephalometrics, providing data mining by filtering certainty and contradiction in each network "node". Methods: In the proposed "neural network", each "cell" is connected to others "cells" by "synapses". Such decision-making system is an artificial intelligence tool tailored to potentially increase the meaning of assessed data. Results: The comparison between the final diagnosis provided by the paraconsistent neural network with the opinions of three examiners was heterogeneous. Kappa agreement was fair for anteroposterior discrepancies, substantial or fair for vertical discrepancies and moderate for dental discrepancies. For the bimaxillary dental protrusion, the agreement was almost perfect. Similarly, the agreement among the three examiners, without any software aid, was just moderate for skeletal and dental discrepancies. An exception was dental protrusion, which agreement was almost perfect. Conclusions: In conclusion, the analysis of performance of the developed technology supports that the presented electronic tool might match human decisions in the most of the events. As an expected limitation, such mathematical-computational tool was less effective for skeletal discrepancies than for dental discrepancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents an application of the paraconsistent artificial neural network (PANN) in the analysis of cephalometric variables and provides an orthodontic diagnosis. An expert's analysis is subject to the inherent imprecision of measurements, registers, and individual variability of physician visual analysis. Patient input cephalometric values are compared with means drawn from individuals considered normal in the cephalometric point of view by the PANN. This reference is constituted by individuals from 6 to 18 years old, both genders. The applied cephalometric analysis was targeted to measure skeletal and dental discrepancies and established a cephalometric diagnosis. The analysis results in degrees of skeletal, anteroposterior, and dental discrepancy, pertinent to upper and lower incisors. A sample of 120 orthodontic patients was processed by the proposed model and three orthodontic experts. Comparisons between the model and the human expert's performance provided kappa indexes that varied from moderate to almost perfect agreement. The agreement between the model and specialist's performance was equivalent. In addition, the model pointed out contradictions presented in the data that were not noticed by the orthodontists, which highlight the contribution that this kind of system could carry out in the orthodontics decision support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der MKG-Chirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)