Search

India and the Republic of Korea signed the India–Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) in 2009 and have been actively engaged in upgrading this agreement since 2015. This article analyses the India–Korea CEPA from a services trade perspective. It compares the services commitments undertaken by the two countries under the India–Korea CEPA and the WTO. It further assesses the gains for India from the CEPA by comparing services exports and imports before and after the CEPA came into operation. The study finds that India's services exports to Korea have increased more than its imports from Korea, resulting in an increase in India's services trade surplus with Korea after the CEPA. The study recommends exploring bilateral labour agreements with Korea to facilitate the movement of natural persons in specific sectors and further liberalisation commitments from Korea in services of India's interests during the CEPA upgradation. JEL Classification: F13, F14, F15 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses reconstructions of historical Environmental Protection Expenditure Accounts (EPEA) in Sweden from 1970–2020 to present a time series approach that analyses the demand for environmental services. The paper’s aim is to analyse environmental adaptation as a historical, economic and environmental process and to explore structural shifts suggestive of an overall periodisation of environmental demand. The article contributes to a deeper understanding of demand-side factors in environmental adaptation as part of contemporary economic history. The investigation also provides evidence that the income elasticity of environmental demand was slightly higher than 1.0 and largely stable over time, and even though we were able to detect trend breaks, there is insufficient evidence for major structural breaks suggesting sharp shifts in societal environmental preferences. Policies requiring sharply rising environmental expenditures should consider this level of historical stability.

This article explores strategic hybridization in Jeffrey Lau's four films, which reinterpret the classic Journey to the West, and analyses Hong Kong-mainland film co-productions from the mid-1990s to the mid-2010s. Adopting a media industries perspective, it examines how strategic hybridization navigates economic pressures and policy environments influencing production decisions, creative choices, and industrial imperatives. The study illustrates that strategic hybridization is not merely a consequence of co-production but a deliberate strategy reflecting the collaborative dynamics between Hong Kong and the mainland, contributing to an increasingly integrated and mainland-centric co-production model. By analyzing strategic decisions across industrial and production dimensions, the article underscores the impact of policy interventions, cross-cultural collaboration, and financial factors in shaping co-production models. The evolution of co-productions is further demonstrated through a detailed look at Lau's films, suggesting that strategic hybridization serves as a set of adaptive strategies fostering a symbiotic, albeit mainland-centric, relationship between the two film industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a European context in which the objectives of climate neutrality and digitalization appear fundamental, the work analyzes the relationships between the price of the main stock market indices and the most representative variables such as carbon emissions, digitalization, use of renewable energy, research and development expenses, environmental taxes, and all economic and management activities aimed at reducing or eliminating any form of pollution. The analysis was developed through three different regressions involving the long period 1995–2020 and the short period 2017–2020. The results show how increasing carbon emissions and environmental taxes positively impact stock indices. The former is linked to an increase in production and, therefore, economic growth, and the latter encourages sustainability. Taxes on transport and energy in the long term generate higher costs, which damage profitability and negatively impact the performance of stock indices. Finally, in the short term, implementing environmental protection measures or the sustainable management of resources may lead to higher operating costs for the companies involved. These cost increases can negatively impact profit margins and reduce the value of companies. These results, therefore, show us how environmental sustainability has a significant impact on European stock markets; consequently, the relevant regulations and policies should also consider the economic and managerial impacts that companies implement to achieve their objectives of the Green Deal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper, as a kind of simplified follow-up to an earlier study on international law enforcement research cooperation published in the first issue of Belügyi Szemle in 2011, attempts to take stock of the most important institutions that can be identified today for the support of research on law enforcement, albeit only in an exemplary manner. Methodology: Based partly on personal experience, the study describes and illustrates the institutional options available for improving law enforcement. It recalls a working group meeting convened by INTERPOL in 2010 and the main findings of the study that was carried out on that occasion. Findings: In particular, INTERPOL can be a useful catalyst for the coordination of police research and the practical application of scientific results in the fields of criminal law enforcement, criminology and international cooperation in criminal matters. Other voluntary institutions (e.g. AEPC) could provide a regular forum for sharing the results of research in police academics across continental boundaries. Value: The value of the study is to draw attention to the institutions that can be major catalysts for the cultivation and development of police science.

India and the Republic of Korea (RoK) are, respectively, the second and sixth largest economies of Asia with significant trade ties since the historic past. India is currently negotiating to upgrade the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with the RoK, which was operationalized on January 1, 2010. A key area of concern for India has been its increasing trade deficit with the RoK which has more than doubled since 2009–10. This paper aims to analyze the flow of goods, services and investment between the two sides in major sectors of interest in the last decade. Further, it aims to identify barriers to trade and investment for the Indian exporters and areas of improvement in the CEPA and beyond to enhance economic gains for both sides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: P. aeruginosa frequently causes healthcare associated infections (HAI) in immunocompromised patients. Antiseptics and disinfectants play an important role in the control of HAI. However, the widespread use of biocides in hospitals may cause a decrease in biocidal sensitivity and the emergence of resistance in bacteria. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the frequency of qacE, qacE1 and cepA gene associated with biocide resistance in carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa strains, isolated from clinical specimens. Methods: In this study, 75 P. aeruginosa strains (58 carbapenem resistant and 17 carbapenem sensitive) isolated from clinical samples were included. Species identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed with conventional methods and VITEK®2 (bioMérieux, France) automated system. Biocide resistance gene regions qacE, qacE1 and cepA were investigated by PCR method. were determined in 65.3% (n=49) and 50.7% (n=38), respectively. However, cepA gene was found negative in all isolates. qacE and qacE1 genes were found positive 75.8% (n=44) and 60.3% (n=35) in carbapenem resistant isolates, while 29.4% (n=5) and 17.6% (n=3) were found positive in carbapenem susceptible isolates. The frequency of qacE and qacE1 genes in carbapenem resistant isolates was found to be significantly higher than in susceptible ones (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, biocide resistance genes qacE and qacE1 frequencies were found to be quite high in carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. The high prevalence of resistance genes suggests that these isolates may have potential biocide resistance. Especially in cases where carbapenem resistance is high, keeping in mind that P. aeruginosa may also be resistant to biocides, is important in preventing spread and controlling outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mersin Üniversitesi sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Mersin University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are significantly important for promoting the growth of different plant species. Moreover, they have been connected to high nutrient absorption. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development of seedlings of Brazilian firetree [Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby] with application of Trichoderma spp. and phosphorus (P) rates. A randomized block design with seven replications was used, in a 4×5 factorial arrangement (strains and P rates); the P rates were applied using 0, 64, 128, 192, and 256 mg dm-3 of P2O5 (triple superphosphate). The characteristics evaluated were plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), leaf fresh weight (LFW), leaf dry weight (LDW), stem fresh weight (SFW), stem dry weight (SDW), shoot fresh weight (SHFW), and shoot dry weight (SHDW). The results showed that Trichoderma spp. promotes satisfactory conditions for growing Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum, and the strain Trichoderma harzianum IBLF 006 WP at P2O5 rate of approximately 128 mg dm-3 provided the highest increase in the evaluated variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India and the Republic of Korea (RoK) are, respectively, the second and sixth largest economies of Asia with significant trade ties since the historic past. India is currently negotiating to upgrade the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with the RoK, which was operationalized on January 1, 2010. A key area of concern for India has been its increasing trade deficit with the RoK which has more than doubled since 2009–10. This paper aims to analyze the flow of goods, services and investment between the two sides in major sectors of interest in the last decade. Further, it aims to identify barriers to trade and investment for the Indian exporters and areas of improvement in the CEPA and beyond to enhance economic gains for both sides.

Background & Aims: Klebsiella pneumonia (K.pneumonia) is one of the causative agents of lung infections, wound infections, urinary tract, and bloody diarrhea. One of the most common ways of transmission in neonatal and surgical wards is through hospital staff, nurses, and physicians. It could be transmitted to hospitalized patients and personnel through feces, respiratory secretions, contaminated equipment, and hands. To prevent the transmission of nosocomial infections, hand washing of employees with biocides can be effective. Materials & Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration of 65 K.pneumonia isolates was determined according to CLSI guidelines compared to common biocides used in educational hospitals in Urmia, Iran, such as benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine. PCR was performed to evaluate the presence of cepA genes. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between the presence of cepA gene and high MIC compared to chlorhexidine bioside in K. pneumoniae. But there was no significant relationship between the presence of cepA gene and multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. Conclusion: It is concluded that, detection of cepA gene or other genes involving drug resistance should be extended by using another tests with more reliability and reproducibility like gene expressions and gene cloning methods.

La Vitis vinifera (planta de uva, vid), usada para elaborar vinos, existe desde antes que el hombre y ha estado vinculada al mismo siempre. Está presente en la Biblia e históricamente se remonta a la antigua Roma, donde elaboraban un vino dorado sin distinguir variedad de uvas. Para hacer vinos es necesario producir fruta de buena calidad, la vid requiere ciertos niveles de luz y calor, y temperaturas extremas pueden afectar de manera negativa la producción. Además, necesita condiciones climatológicas específicas para desarrollarse, ejemplo: un invierno suficientemente frío permite a la planta descansar. Por esa razón, la mayoría de vides se cultivan en latitudes del globo que proporcionan una adecuada cantidad de luz solar, calor y agua, entre el paralelo 30º y 50º, tanto hacia el norte como hacia el sur. Sn embargo, contrario a estas teorías, en Ecuador (paralelo 0º) se producen vides y vinos de excelente calidad. En este artículo se investiga lo antes mencionado en Yaruquí, parroquia rural de Quito, provincia de Pichincha, conociendo que la zona solo tiene un viñedo llamado Chaupi Estancia, donde se realizó una observación de campo que arrojó datos de variedades de cepas producidas, pese a su climatología. A su vez, se evidenció información importante sobre volumen de producción en las plantas, la afectación de la posición del sol considerando la ubicación del terreno en la pigmentación de las uvas, especialmente en variedades blancas, y su influencia en el dulzor de la fruta (contenido de azúcar), que dan como resultado unos sabores peculiares en los vinos.

The relationship between India-Canada is built upon a mutual respect for democracy, multiculturalism and people to people contact over the period of time. Despite of this, India and Canada relationship is yet to develop its full potential. The present article tries to examine and analyses the geopolitical relations and bilateral engagement between India-Canada and its geoeconomic potential in the present century. The various efforts were made to conclude a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between the two nations on the lines of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with commitments to tariff reductions and reforms in the commercial environment. Despite of few irritants, both the country started moving towards greater trade cooperation and collaboration. It is against this backdrop the research article aims to analyze the degree of convergence and divergence of geopolitical and geoeconomic issues that have affected New Delhi's interest in seeking a broader relationship with Ottawa. Further, the paper will try to examine the other factors in cementing the multilateral collaboration and cooperation between the two nations in the present century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India and the Republic of Korea (ROK) are on the path to forging deeper economic cooperation. Both countries signed a Comprehensive Economic Partnership in 2009, which was in effect in 2010, and agreed to reduce and/or eliminate tariffs on goods. In this paper, we examine the sectors—both merchandise goods and services—where India and the ROK have a comparative advantage. We analyze the tariffs and non-tariff measures in the context of India–ROK trade and the gains from trade that can result from a reduction in tariff barriers. Our results suggest that India has a comparative advantage in services and the ROK in merchandise goods. Therefore, future negotiations must focus on India offering market access to the ROK's merchandise goods and the ROK providing access to India's services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, no country in the world can rely on its own resources to the fullest. Because each nation has its own natural resources, climate, geography, and energy sources, all nations are somehow depending on each other. Today's global economy is characterized by a high degree of interconnectedness across countries. There has always been trade between India and the United Arab Emirates. Both countries share deep linkages in terms of their respective cultures and histories. International relations would be incomplete without trade. There has been a long history of trade between India and the United Arab Emirates. It is no secret that India and the United Arab Emirates have a longstanding trading relationship dating back to 1971. Even though India has forged strategic ties with a number of West Asian countries, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has emerged as the most important. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to the United Arab Emirates in 2014 and the return visit of UAE's crown prince to India on the occasion of Republic Day in 2016 and 2017 have strengthened their ties. There were several agreements reached regarding security, defense, trade, investment, and infrastructure, and the fight against terrorism during these visits, as the relationship has shifted from a bilateral to a strategic one. It has been easier to understand maritime issues since the United Arab Emirates took over the chairmanship of India's Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) shortly after India. There was close to $60 billion in Indian-UAE commerce in 2014-15. India's trade with the United Arab Emirates is being examined in this study (UAE). This research mainly focuses on the trade between these two countries in terms of both volume and composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance The World Health Organization has provided a list of resistant bacteria that pose the greatest threat to society. Among them, the most important (critically high priority level) are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii strains resistant to carbapenems, as well as enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases.Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of the sensitivity to chlorhexidine of multiply-resistant gram-negative bacteria, the causative agents of infectious conditions in patients of various medical organizations, and to study the relationship between the presence of resistance genes and the minimum inhibitory concentration of chlorhexidine.Materials & methods. The study included 138 Gram-negative multidrug-resistant strains isolated during 2018–2019 from various clinical specimens. Susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics were determined using Vitek-2 compact and Phoenix М50, susceptibility to chlorhexidine were determined by agar dilution method. The resistance genes were detected by the real-time PCR method.Results. The lowest level of resistance to chlorhexidine was determined in E. coli strains (MIC90 16 mg/l), other strains were highly resistant: MIC90 of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii – 128 mg/l, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae и P. mirabilis – 256 mg/l. The highest frequency of detection of carbapenemase genes observed in K. pneumoniae strains – 56.0% and P. aeruginosa – 48.1%. High prevalence of cepA gene was found out (the strains of enterobacteria – 47.8%, A. baumannii – 42.9%), genes qacE, qacEΔ1 were more often detected in non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria then in enterobacteria. Conclusion. According to the results of our study, we did not reveal a significant correlation between the presence or absence of resistance genes and MIC of chlorhexidine in Gram-negative bacteria. However, taking into account complex mechanism of the adaptive response of bacteria to the effects of chlorhexidine, and to implement the concept of preventing health care-associated infections, it is proposed to continue dynamic monitoring of the resistance of microorganisms to antiseptics, disinfectants and antibiotics.

Antecedentes: La caña de azúcar (Saccharum) clasifica como un recurso forrajero excelente en el período poco lluvioso del año por sus innumerables atributos, como fácil establecimiento, la necesidad de pocas atenciones al cultivo, así como su alta productividad. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del cultivar, cepa y distancia de plantación entre surcos en la producción de biomasa verde de cultivares de caña de azúcar seleccionados a partir de criterios forrajeros. Métodos: La plantación del estudio se realizó en el mes de febrero de 2016. El experimento se estableció en un diseño multifactorial categórico 33 = 27 combinaciones en el diseño base, con dos réplicas para un total de 81 observaciones. Se evaluaron los factores distancias de plantación entre surcos (0,90; 1,20 y 1,50 m), cultivares (C97-366; C99-374 y My5514) y cepas (planta, soca y 2do retoño). La producción de biomasa verde se determinó a los 12 meses de edad. Para el procesamiento estadístico de los datos se realizó un análisis de varianza multifactorial. Resultados: Se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la interacción de los factores cepa por distancia de plantación entre surcos para la producción de biomasa verde. En la cepa de caña planta y a 0,90 m entre surcos se lograron los mejores resultados productivos, mientras que no se observaron diferencias significativas entre cultivares. Conclusiones: Se ratificó el potencial genético para la producción de biomasa verde de los nuevos cultivares de caña de azúcar forrajeros C97-366 y C99-374 al alcanzar valores superiores a las 60 t ha-1 como promedio de las tres cosechas.

This article explores the challenges and opportunities of the Europeanization processes taking place in post-Maidan Ukraine and post-Velvet Revolution Armenia. It argues that despite the constraining effects of “competing governance provider” Russia, the interests, perceptions and preferences of the domestic elites are critical to the implementation of the EU policies in Ukraine and Armenia. Thus, it offers a more dynamic structure- agency interplay approach to account for the dynamics of Europeanization in the EU-Russia contested neighbourhood. The article concludes that the domestic change in Ukraine has been positively correlated with its Europeanization, while Armenia has been showing positive signs of responsiveness towards the European policies since the 2018 “Velvet Revolution.” The article enquires into integration without membership dynamics between the EU and Eastern neighbours, as well as into the actorness of the EU in post-revolution state-building in Ukraine and Armenia.

This article focuses on the aftermath of the 2018 “Velvet Revolution” in Armenia by investigating the relationship between domestic change and foreign policy. It highlights the challenges of foreign policy breakthroughs, leading to a Russian-European balance, as well as to breaking the logjam in the troubled neighborhood. It contends that domestic change in Armenia has not produced trickle-down effects on its broader foreign policy landscape. Yet, the study does not fall prey to the reductionism of structural constraints and offers a more dynamic structure - agency interplay approach to accounting for change - continuity relationship in post-revolution Armenian politics. The case study of Armenia contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between domestic politics and foreign policy in small states in the contested neighbourhood between assertive Russia and constrained European Union (EU).

Co‐production of films entails a variety of transborder mobility and trans‐local production networks, which are further complicated by state intervention through co‐production treaties or arrangements. This paper unravels the process of Mainland China–Hong Kong film co‐production that has been explosive after the promulgation of 'Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement' (CEPA). Drawing on the information of all Mainland–Hong Kong co‐produced films between 1998 and 2017, we chart the collaborative networks of studios and creative staffs and examine the commercial and artistic performances of co‐produced films to illustrate the impact of regulatory reform on the evolution of cross‐border film co‐production. We argue that CEPA is among the series of national regulatory reforms to enable marketisation of the film industry and, further, to construct an imagined new identity of Chinese culture at the supranational scale. However, the cultural goals have been given way to the commercial interests of co‐production with the implementation of CEPA policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eggplant is a solanacea affected by Vascular Wilt (VW) associated with Fusarium oxysporum f sp melongena that destroys vascular tissue, causing chlorosis and finally plant death, generating losses between 70 and 90 % of production in established crops of the department. from Córdoba, Colombia. The objective was to identify native strains of Trichoderma spp. for the biocontrol of Fusarium spp, in eggplant. Five strains of Trichoderma spp were isolated from the field: TC05, TM04, TS03, TC02, TM01 and five strains of Fusarium spp: FM01, FS02, FC03, FC04, FS05, in the laboratory using dual cultures under a completely randomized design (CRD) with five repetitions in a 5x6 factorial arrangement, where the first factor corresponded to the strains of Fusarium spp. and the second to the strains of Trichoderma spp. and a control, was measured to the strains of Fusarium spp. the diameter of the colony to determine the percentage of inhibition and the biocontrol efficiency of Trichoderma spp. being the TC05 strain the best to inhibit between 73 and 91,2 % the five strains of Fusarium spp; Subsequently, at home mesh, the biocontrol of VW was evaluated under a completely randomized design with five treatments and nine repetitions, pre-inoculating eggplant seedlings with strain TC05 in doses 1x108, 1x107, 1x106 CFU mL-1, a commercial strain of Trichoderma spp. dose 1x108 CFU mL-1 and a control (control with water), and 10 days after inoculation (DAI) with the strain FS02. The results at 45 DAI, the leaf disease indices and the vascular discoloration index were lower with Trichoderma spp, compared to the control with an incidence of 45 % with VW. It is concluded that the native strain TC05 has the potential to be used in the integrated management of the VW of eggplant in Córdoba, Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India's import dependency for critical drug intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) put questions on India's health and economic security. The quest for the solution lies in the self-sufficiency of the Indian pharmaceutical industry. Being a key investor, Japan appears to be a promising companion with its abundant capital and technical expertise in pharmaceuticals. This article aims to investigate how the current pandemic is going to offer opportunities and nurture the investment relations between the two giants of pharma sector. India and Japan both articulated new policies in response to reduced product supply from China amid the lockdown. India needs closer cooperation from Japan in pharmaceuticals to recover its fully integrated supply chain. The Covid-19 pandemic can be considered as an occasion for both the economies to magnify the interrelation and develop a new set of complementarities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA), inaugurated in March 2017, has breathed new life into waxed and waned EU-Armenia partnership. There is a lot of scholarship on the domestic state of affairs in Armenia and consideration of the combined effects of power transition, tough economic contexts, geopolitical fragility and other ways in which the specific ‘Armenian reality’ affects the way that EU policies are received and implemented (Kostanyan and Giragosian, 2016; Delcour, 2015; Delcour and Wolczuk, 2015; Delcour, 2018). This paper aims to build upon existing scholarship and addresses the following research question: What are the implications of the ‘velvet revolution’ for Armenia’s relations with the EU within the CEPA? The paper contends that despite the power transition, political and economic conditions underlying Armenia’s arbitrary decision to join the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and constraining country’s profound advancement towards the EU have largely remained unchanged. Therefore, the EU’s ‘competing governance provider’ Russia maintains its economic and political grip on Armenia, with its ensuing adverse effects on the EU-Armenia rapprochement, and more specifically on the effective implementation of the CEPA.

This study aims to analyze the free trade agreement (FTA) between Indonesia and the European Union (EU) through Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA). Suppose it improves economic relations while creating benefits for both. In 2012, Indonesia and the EU began negotiation on the CEPA. The CEPA has been presented as having the ability to help both parties take full advantage of unexploited economic relations. The CEPA is a comprehensive agreement discussing various aspects of economic relations. It is beyond being a simple agreement for removing trade barriers. The liberalization of international trade in goods remains to be an important aspect of the CEPA, investment promotion and facilitation, the improvement of trade in services, and the creation of improved competition policy practices would promote greater economic relations. CEPA contributes Indonesia economics development, i.e.: to promote increased trade between Indonesia and the EU. It focuses on trade liberalization boosting the trade relations intensity by lowering trade barrier and by facilitating trade; to boost trade and investments in services; to enhance technological advance and skills transfer in the goods, services and investment. A free trade agreement between the EU and Indonesia provides a stable, balanced,and long-term framework to challenge economics integration.

La berenjena es una solanacea afectada por la Marchitez Vascular (MV) asociada a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongena que destruye el tejido vascular, causando clorosis y finalmente muerte de la planta, generando pérdidas entre 70 y 90 % de la producción en cultivos establecidos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. El objetivo fue identificar cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp. para el biocontrol de Fusarium spp., en berenjena. Fueron aisladas de campo cinco cepas de Trichoderma spp: TC05, TM04, TS03, TC02, TM01 y cinco cepas de Fusarium spp: FM01, FS02, FC03, FC04, FS05, en laboratorio mediante cultivos duales bajo un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con cinco repeticiones en arreglo factorial 5x6, donde el primer factor correspondió a las cepas de Fusarium spp., y el segundo a las cepas de Trichoderma spp. y un testigo, fue medido a las cepas de Fusarium spp. el diámetro de la colonia para determinar el porcentaje de inhibición y la eficiencia de biocontrol de Trichoderma spp. siendo la cepa TC05 la mejor al inhibir entre 73 y 91,2 % las cinco cepas de Fusarium spp; posteriormente en casa malla fue evaluado el biocontrol de la MV bajo un diseño completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos y nueve repeticiones, preinoculando plántulas de berenjena con la cepa TC05 en dosis 1x108, 1x107, 1x106 UFC mL-1, una cepa comercial de Trichoderma spp dosis 1x108 UFC mL-1 y un testigo (control con agua), y 10 días después de inoculadas (DDI) con la cepa FS02. Los resultados a los 45 DDI los índices de la enfermedad foliar e índice de decoloración vascular fueron menores con Trichoderma spp, respecto al testigo con incidencia de 45 % con MV. Se concluye que la cepa nativa TC05, tiene potencial para ser utilizada en el manejo integrado de la MV de la berenjena en Córdoba, Colombia.

Taiwan is a major hub of the global supply chains and one of the leading investors not only in China but also in other Southeast Asian markets. Although high trade complementary, bilateral trade between South Asia and Taiwan is only about US$ 9 billion, investment has only picked up recently. The computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis indicates a substantial economic benefit of bilateral tariffs elimination between Taiwan and its South Asian partners. Taiwan has a substantial comparative advantage in producing high tech manufacturing goods while in South Asian’s main strength is in the resource-based agricultural and light manufacturing sector. Taiwan has been maintained a liberalized trade regime with minimal import tariffs and non-tariff measures (NTM) over the decades. As South Asia is booming, and Taiwan is seeking alternative markets and investments opportunities, it is time to deepen a bilateral economic relationship. South Asia is a market of 1.5 billion people with an emerging middle class along with substantial cheaper labor forces, made an ideal place for investment. A comprehensive economic partnership agreement (CEPA) with a preferential trade and investment agreement would be useful to attract Taiwanese multinationals and seamless trade between South Asia and Taiwan.

India and the Republic of Korea (ROK) are on the path to forging deeper economic cooperation. Both countries signed a Comprehensive Economic Partnership in 2009, which was in effect in 2010, and agreed to reduce and/or eliminate tariffs on goods. In this paper, we examine the sectors—both merchandise goods and services—where India and the ROK have a comparative advantage. We analyze the tariffs and non-tariff measures in the context of India–ROK trade and the gains from trade that can result from a reduction in tariff barriers. Our results suggest that India has a comparative advantage in services and the ROK in merchandise goods. Therefore, future negotiations must focus on India offering market access to the ROK’s merchandise goods and the ROK providing access to India’s services.

Taiwan is a major hub of the global supply chains and one of the leading investors not only in China but also in other Southeast Asian markets. Although high trade complementary, bilateral trade between South Asia and Taiwan is only about US$ 9 billion, investment has only picked up recently. The computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis indicates a substantial economic benefit of bilateral tariffs elimination between Taiwan and its South Asian partners. Taiwan has a substantial comparative advantage in producing high tech manufacturing goods while in South Asian's main strength is in the resource-based agricultural and light manufacturing sector. Taiwan has been maintained a liberalized trade regime with minimal import tariffs and non-tariff measures (NTM) over the decades. As South Asia is booming, and Taiwan is seeking alternative markets and investments opportunities, it is time to deepen a bilateral economic relationship. South Asia is a market of 1.5 billion people with an emerging middle class along with substantial cheaper labor forces, made an ideal place for investment. A comprehensive economic partnership agreement (CEPA) with a preferential trade and investment agreement would be useful to attract Taiwanese multinationals and seamless trade between South Asia and Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A study was conducted at the Territorial Sugar Cane Research Station (ETICA) in the mid-eastern Camagüey province, Cuba, to evaluate the effect of cultivar, stump, and planting distance between furrows for green biomass production, based on forage-production criteria. Methods: The plantation was made in February 2016. The experiment was established according to a categorical multifactorial experimental design 3³ = 27, combinations on the base design, with two replicas, and 81 observations. Plantation distance between furrows (0.90, 1.20, and 1.50 m), cultivars (C97-366, C99-374, and My5514), and stumps (plant, shoot, and second shoot), were evaluated. The production of green biomass was determined at 12 months of age. A multifactorial variance analysis using Statgraphics Centurion, XV.I, was performed for statistical processing. Results: Statistically significant differences were detected in the interaction of stump with plantation distance between furrows, for the production of green biomass. The sugar cane stump planted at 0.90 m between furrows showed the best productive results, whereas no significant differences were found between cultivars. Conclusions: The genetic potential for green biomass production was corroborated by the new sugar cane forage cultivars C97-366 and C99-374, with values bove 60 t/ha-1, as the average of the three harvests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the concept of “constitutional identity” as a theoretical basis, this article analyses the potential transformative influence of the EU-Armenia Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) on the Armenian legal system. In particular, the author focuses on the Agreement’s capacity to stimulate the implementation of the EU’s “common values” and transpose the norms, general principles, and methodological approaches of EU law into the domestic legal order. It is argued that this potential depends on two elements of the “constitutional identity” of the Armenian legal order: its axiological core and its openness to external influences.

The new stage of EU – Armenia relations, open by the signing of CEPA, focuses on the search for new models of integrations that would make compatible the obligations in the EAEU framework with the wish for closer ties with the EU. While for Brussels this step is a symbol of revised eastern politics, for Erevan it underlines the country’s aspirations for multivectorness within existing structural constraints. The analysis provided in this article suggests that the current consensus launches a new model of a ‘silent’ compatibility of existing integration projects on the post-soviet space, when in the context of political crisis between the integration centers the de facto adaptation of opposing vectors is driven by the focused countries. The model is loose enough to be widely used, and it has an ambivalent potential of postponed influence on the multilateral relations on the post-soviet space.

Copyright of Journal of Public Law / Zeitschrift für Öffentliches Recht is the property of Verlag Oesterreich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the challenges and opportunities of the Europeanization processes taking place in post-Maidan Ukraine and post-Velvet Revolution Armenia. It argues that despite the constraining effects of "competing governance provider" Russia, the interests, perceptions and preferences of the domestic elites are critical to the implementation of the EU policies in Ukraine and Armenia. Thus, it offers a more dynamic structure-agency interplay approach to account for the dynamics of Europeanization in the EU-Russia contested neighbourhood. The article concludes that the domestic change in Ukraine has been positively correlated with its Europeanization, while Armenia has been showing positive signs of responsiveness towards the European policies since the 2018 "Velvet Revolution." The article enquires into integration without membership dynamics between the EU and Eastern neighbours, as well as into the actorness of the EU in post-revolution state-building in Ukraine and Armenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) has a relatively long sapling stage which prevents fruit breeding. The understanding of the flowering system is important to improve breeding efficiency in apple. In this context, 2-year-old "Fuji" apple cv. "Nagafu No.2" trees were grafted onto dwarf self-rooted rootstock M.26, vigorous rootstock M. sieversii and interstock M.26/M. sieversii, respectively. Trees were sprayed with clean water (as controls), 800 mg·L−1 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA), and 2 µL·L−1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). The results showed that CEPA significantly repressed the vegetative growth attributed to the increase of ABA and ZT synthesis, and the decrease of IAA synthesis in leaves and buds. However, there was no significant difference or significant inverse effect between 1-MCP and control. Furthermore, CEPA promoted flower formation, increased the flowering rate, and advanced the blossom period for 2 days compared with the control, which was accompanied by the accumulation of soluble sugar, glucose, and sucrose; and the increase of α-amylase and sucrose phosphate synthase activities; and the decrease of starch contents and sucrose synthase activities in leaves and buds. However, the blossom period was delayed for 2 days after spraying with 1-MCP. Finally, the expression of TFL1 was significantly repressed, whereas AP1 was significantly promoted in buds from M.26 and M.26/M. sieversii after spraying with CEPA, whereas the effect was not significant from M. sieversii. However, the expression levels of TFL1 and AP1 were not significantly different from the control after the application of 1-MCP. In spite of this, CEPA was more susceptible to easy-flowering M.26, followed by M.26/M. sieversii, and still less susceptible to difficult-flowering rootstock M. sieversii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Lead gunshot, rifle bullets, and fishing weights are still allowed in Canadian provincially-regulated hunting and fishing, despite the contribution to lead exposure in humans, wildlife, and the environment. Non-lead gunshot and fishing weights are required in Canada only for waterfowl hunting, and angling in national parks and national wildlife areas. Lead wheel weights are also allowed and comprise a majority of the Canadian market. Effective non-lead substitutes for these products exist, and are already required in various American and European jurisdictions. Several analyses commissioned by the Canadian government in 2018 identified the problems of lead exposure attributable to these four lead products. Lead is already listed under Schedule 1 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) that authorizes the government to undertake measures to reduce exposure. CEPA could require, simultaneously, use of non-lead ammunition, fishing weights and wheel weights at the national level, following an appropriate phase-in period. The low provincial and territorial licence fees for hunting and fishing in Canada would offset any costs associated with use of lead substitutes. Costs for non-lead wheel weights would comprise a small percentage of the costs of new vehicles and new tire purchases. This regulatory initiative would complement other Canadian national bans on lead products. Because there is no safe threshold level for blood lead, use of non-lead products would benefit the health of humans, scavengers, upland game species, and fish-eating birds. Graphical abstract A: Lead ammunition fragments in the carcass of a deer and dove, lead wheel weights, and ingested lead fishing weights in a loon contribute to lead exposure. B: Barnes copper bullets, non-toxic bismuth gunshot, stainless steel wheel weights and tin sinkers reduce lead exposure. Unlabelled Image Highlights • Lead is present in spent ammunition, fishing weights, and wheel weights. • This leads to exposure and toxic effects in Canadian wildlife and humans. • A national phase-in of non-lead substitutes is proposed in Canadian. • This would complement other national bans, and benefit human and wildlife health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA), inaugurated in March 2017, has breathed new life into waxed and waned EU-Armenia partnership. There is a lot of scholarship on the domestic state of affairs in Armenia and consideration of the combined effects of power transition, tough economic contexts, geopolitical fragility and other ways in which the specific 'Armenian reality' affects the way that EU policies are received and implemented (Kostanyan and Giragosian, 2016; Delcour, 2015; Delcour and Wolczuk, 2015; Delcour, 2018). This paper aims to build upon existing scholarship and addresses the following research question: What are the implications of the 'velvet revolution' for Armenia's relations with the EU within the CEPA? The paper contends that despite the power transition, political and economic conditions underlying Armenia's arbitrary decision to join the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and constraining country's profound advancement towards the EU have largely remained unchanged. Therefore, the EU's 'competing governance provider' Russia maintains its economic and political grip on Armenia, with its ensuing adverse effects on the EU-Armenia rapprochement, and more specifically on the effective implementation of the CEPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]