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Surgical biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas. However, reliable liquid biopsy methods for diagnosing CNS lymphomas have quickly developed and have been implicated in clinical decision-making. In the current report, we introduce two patients for whom liquid biopsy was essential for diagnosing CNS lymphomas and discuss the rapidly growing applications of this technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bing‐Neel syndrome (BNS) remains a rare complication of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia. Given the paucity of this disease, treatment guidelines are based on small clinical trials with limited participants. Here, we present a case of primary CNS diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma masqueraded as BNS that developed while on ibrutinib therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Central nervous system lymphomas (CNSLs) require effective treatment strategies due to aggressive nature of disease. Despite therapeutic approaches having improved in the last decades, there is no standard treatment for these patients. As a CNSL targeted-therapy IDARAM protocol was developed, the outcomes were reported with a few studies. We observed the R-IDARAM protocol in our CNSL cases, and we discuss the effectiveness, tolerability, and toxicity with a review of the literature in this article. Subjects and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed response rates, progression-free survival, adverse events, and long-term side effects in patients who were treated by modified R-IDARAM as standard clinical care of CNSL in our hematology department. Results: Response was achieved in five of nine patients. Three patients (two primary CNSL and one secondary CNSL) are still being followed up without disease progression with a median duration of follow-up of 79 months (88, 79, and 17 months, respectively). Manageable hematological side effects including thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were experienced by all patients. Conclusion: R-IDARAM protocol may be an option with high early response rates and manageable toxicity. Hematological side effects are the main problem, and long-term neurological toxicity is not common. Eligible patients must continue with autologous stem cell transplantation due to poor long-term survival outcomes.

Abstract Primary central nervous system (CNS) marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (MZBCL) arising from the dural meninges is a rare but indolent disease. This malignancy can present in various ways, hence making it difficult to diagnose. Biopsy results dictate an appropriate treatment plan, which commonly consists of a combination of surgical resection, whole brain radiotherapy and systemic therapy.

Abstract Bing‐Neel syndrome (BNS) remains a rare complication of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia. Given the paucity of this disease, treatment guidelines are based on small clinical trials with limited participants. Here, we present a case of primary CNS diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma masqueraded as BNS that developed while on ibrutinib therapy.

Primary central nervous system (CNS) marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (MZBCL) arising from the dural meninges is a rare but indolent disease. This malignancy can present in various ways, hence making it difficult to diagnose. Biopsy results dictate an appropriate treatment plan, which commonly consists of a combination of surgical resection, whole brain radiotherapy and systemic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Central nervous system lymphomas (CNSLs) are rare tumors which may show variable appearance in standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depending on their origin (primary or secondary) or patients' immunological status. Objectives. The aim of the study was to analyze imaging patterns of different CNSLs, using diffusion- -weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). Material and methods. Our material consisted of 16 CNSLs (14 primary, 2 secondary, 13 immunocompetent, 3 immunodeficient) which underwent magnetic resonance (MR) examinations including DWI and T2* dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion (without a preload in 13 cases, with a preload in 3 subjects). In DWI, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and in PWI, parameters of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative peak height (rPH) and relative percentage of signal recovery (rPSR) were analyzed within the entire tumor (mean values) and in regions with minimal diffusion (ADCmin) and maximal perfusion values (rCBVmax, rPHmax, rPSRmax). Results. All CNSLs showed low values of ADCmean (0.70 × 10-3), ADCmin (0.54 × 10-3), rCBVmean (0.80), rCBVmax (1.27), rPHmean (1.05), rPHmax (1.59), as well as high values of rPSRmean (1.99) and rPSRmax (2.41). There were no significant differences in rCBVmax, as well as in all ADC, rPH and rPSR values between primary and secondary CNSLs or between tumors in immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients. Dynamic susceptibility contrast PWI with a preload resulted in significantly higher rCBV, rPH and lower rPSR values. Conclusions. Despite various MR appearances, both primary and secondary CNSLs in immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients show very typical patterns of restricted diffusion and hypoperfusion with signal intensity curves returning above the baseline. Dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion without a preload is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Central nervous system lymphomas (CNSLs) require effective treatment strategies due to aggressive nature of disease. Despite therapeutic approaches having improved in the last decades, there is no standard treatment for these patients. As a CNSL targeted-therapy IDARAM protocol was developed, the outcomes were reported with a few studies. We observed the R-IDARAM protocol in our CNSL cases, and we discuss the effectiveness, tolerability, and toxicity with a review of the literature in this article., Subjects and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed response rates, progression-free survival, adverse events, and long-term side effects in patients who were treated by modified R-IDARAM as standard clinical care of CNSL in our hematology department., Results: Response was achieved in five of nine patients. Three patients (two primary CNSL and one secondary CNSL) are still being followed up without disease progression with a median duration of follow-up of 79 months (88, 79, and 17 months, respectively). Manageable hematological side effects including thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were experienced by all patients., Conclusion: R-IDARAM protocol may be an option with high early response rates and manageable toxicity. Hematological side effects are the main problem, and long-term neurological toxicity is not common. Eligible patients must continue with autologous stem cell transplantation due to poor long-term survival outcomes., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Avicenna Journal of Medicine.)