Search

This study analyzes the distribution of content posted on Twitter in response to a specific event or crisis from 2014 to 2019. The aim of the study is to identify any shifts in the focus of the content and to explore the possible reasons for these changes. The findings suggest a shift from a disaster arena to a political arena over the six-year period. The initial years were dominated by content related to reporting on the situation, requesting help, and coordinating relief efforts, while the latter years saw an increase in content related to criticizing the government, appreciating government effort, and discussing social and political issues. The study provides insights into the changing nature of public responses to events and crises, and highlights the role of social media as a platform for political discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an attempt to understand the role of supply-side infrastructure in provider choice, the study looks into the regional variation in provider choice in healthcare among Indian households both for inpatient and outpatient services. Since provider choice is often documented to be influenced by various socioeconomic, demographic and ailment-related demand-side factors like income class, gender, disease type, etc., the purpose of this study is to unearth the regional variation in provider choice after controlling for these other factors and also to see if there is any association between the regional variation in provider choice and regional variation in prevalence of different types of providers. The study uses the database of Social Consumption: Health Survey, 75th round to look into the provider choice among Indian households and the databases of Rural Health Statistics and Economic Census, 6th round to get information about the supply-side infrastructure of healthcare. Along with descriptive statistics, multinomial logit model for the outpatient cases and binary logit for the inpatient cases have been used here. The study adds to the existing knowledge by confirming the strong existence of regional variation in provider choice even after controlling for the observed demand-side influencers of provider choice. The congruence between regional variation in likelihood of choosing one type of provider over the other, and regional variation in prevalence of these providers, reaffirms the role of supply-side factors in provider choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stochastic clearing system is studied from a game-theoretic perspective in the paper where the server is subject to a Poisson-generated catastrophe and a follow-up repair process. Whenever a fatal shock (catastrophe) occurs, all customers are cleared from the system and the server fails. A repair is rendered immediately to fix the server with an exponential repair time. During the repair process, no customers are allowed to enter the system. Customers are strategic and they have the right to decide whether to join the system or balk based on a linear reward-cost structure with two types of rewards: A service reward for those customers that receive service and a compensation for those customers that are forced to abandon the system due to a catastrophe. During the service process, the server takes a working vacation after serving all the customers in the system. Our study is the first attempt to provide models to jointly characterize and analyse the queueing system with working vacation and catastrophes, with an emphasis on game-theoretic modeling of such a service system. The customer's equilibrium strategy and social benefit of the system under four different information scenarios are obtained. In particular, we find that customers obey the follow-the-crowd (FTC) property in almost observable condition, which provides managerial insight on the operations management perspective. Numerical experiments are presented to show the effects of system parameters and information levels on the equilibrium joining behavior of customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education for sustainable development (ESD) is at the heart of schools' priorities. Emphasis is placed on the fight against global warming, the protection of the environment and biodiversity, and the control of pandemics. The aim is to give students the necessary keys to understanding these major societal issues and the means to take action. Under what conditions is it possible to achieve such objectives? Our study approaches this subject from the point of view of catastrophes and catastrophisms. Their characterization in the natural sciences requires the use of modes of reasoning that integrate contingency in order to think about the history of the Earth and living beings, and the uncertainties of their future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus can be transmitted through the things that people carry or the things where it sticks to after being spread by the sufferer. Instead, various preventive measures have been carried out. We create a new mathematical model that represents Coronavirus that exists in non-living objects, susceptible, and infected subpopulations interaction by considering the Coronavirus transmission through non-living objects caused by susceptible and infected subpopulations along with its prevention to characterize the dynamics of Coronavirus transmission in the population under those conditions. One disease-free and two infection equilibrium points along with their local stability and coexistence are identified. Global stability of the disease-free equilibria and basic reproduction number are also investigated. Changes in susceptible-Coronavirus interaction rate generate Fold and Hopf bifurcations which represent the emergence of a cycle and the collision of two infection equilibrium points respectively. Catastrophe generated by the collision between an attractor and a repeller is found around a Generalized Hopf bifurcation point by changing susceptible-Coronavirus interaction rate and increasing rate of Coronavirus originating from infected subpopulation. It represents a momentary unpredictable dynamics as the effect of Coronavirus addition and infection. Non-chaotic strange attractors that represent complex but still predictable dynamics are also triggered by Generalized Hopf bifurcation when the susceptible-Coronavirus interaction rate and one of the following parameters, i.e. increasing rate of Coronavirus originating from infected subpopulation or infected subpopulation recovery rate vary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Water & Landscape (WAL) / Agua & Territorio (AYT) is the property of Editorial de la Universidad de Jaen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Disaster, catastrophe, and cataclysm are some English terminologies that describe the severity of adverse events. Civilians, reporters, and professionals often use these terminologies to communicate and report any event’s severity. This linguistic method is the most practical way to rapidly reach all levels of local/regional/national, and international stakeholders during disasters. Therefore, disaster terminologies play a significant role in disaster management. However, attaining the actual magnitude of a disaster’s severity cannot be comprehended simply by using these terminologies because they are used interchangeably. Unfortunately, there is no consistent method to differentiate disaster terminologies from one another. Additionally, no globally accepted standard technique exists to communicate the severity level when disasters strike; one observer’s ‘disaster’ can be another’s ‘catastrophe’. Hence, a nation’s ability to manage extreme events is difficult when there are no agreed terminologies among emergency management systems. A standard severity classification system is required to understand, communicate, report, and educate stakeholders. This paper presents perceptions of people about disaster terminologies in different geographical regions, rankings and differences in disaster lexical and lexicon. It explores how people perceive major events (e.g., the Covid-19 pandemic), and proposes a ranking of disaster terminologies to create a severity classification system suitable for global use.

In mid-eighteenth-century France, a series of debates revolved around reflections on origins and their epistemological status, elaborating models of historical temporality to frame the present. The origins of the arts, sciences, human inequality, human knowledge, fables or religions reveal a certain relationship between man (individuals and civilisations) and time, articulating forms of past permanence and future anticipation in the present. Within this framework, this article seeks to shed light on the peculiar temporal status of Nicolas-Antoine Boulanger’s reflection on origins. In a close comparison with Rousseau’s ‘atrabilious philosophy’ (philosophie atrabilaire), Boulanger identifies catastrophe as a temporal model for conceptualising the origin of a human history that has always already begun: origin appears not as that which stands at the beginning of time, but rather as a historical form of the relationship between humanity and time – an emotional and cognitive tone – that constitutes the background and precondition of human action.

This study shows, by means of numerical analysis, that the characteristics of discrete dynamical systems, in which chaos and catastrophe coexist, are closely related to the geometric statistics in Finsler geometry. The two geometric statistics introduced are nonlinear connections information, denoted as N I , and the mean deviation curvature, denoted as P ¯. The quantity N I can be used to determine the occurrence of chaos in terms of nonequilibrium stability. The resulting chaos is characterized by P ¯ in terms of the trajectory's robustness, which is related to the localization or globalization of chaos. The characteristics of catastrophe-induced chaos are clearly visualized through the contour topography of N I , in which an abrupt change is represented by cliff topography (i.e. a line of critical points); initial dependence is reflected in the reversibility of topographic patterns. On overlaying the contour topography with the singularity pattern, it is evident that chaos does not arise around the singular point. Furthermore, the extensive development of cusp and butterfly chaos demands information on the nonlinear connections within the singularity pattern. The asymmetry in swallowtail chaos is less distinguishable in an equilibrated state, but becomes more evident when the system is in a state of nonequilibrium. In many analyses, chaos and catastrophe are examined separately. However, these results demonstrate that when both are present, the two have a complex relationship constrained by the singularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The first season of Ted Lasso (2020–23) was filmed in 2019, before the outbreak of COVID-19, and released on Apple TV+ in August 2020, while much of the world was still in various stages of lockdown. The series has been praised by many critics and scholars for its focus on reconstructed masculinity, healing and kindness, set against the backdrop of British football. These themes have contributed to the perception that the show's success was due to it espousing uplifting and positive feelings that were needed escapism during this unprecedented global experience, which was greatly informed by apocalyptic discourse. This article thus examines Ted Lasso not as escapism or as utopianism, but as a regenerative apocalyptic narrative in which many of the traumas of the real world are confronted and transformed. Close-textual analysis focuses on the characters of Rebecca Welton and Ted Lasso's intersecting narratives of trauma and reconstruction to reframe an understanding of the apocalypse away from the global to the personal. I use this analysis to demonstrate how the series uses an apocalyptic framework to offer a path through trauma towards a culture of regeneration. Rather than providing an escape, I argue that the series offered audiences the tools to negotiate the complexities of a COVID-world. The article consequently shows how Ted Lasso represents an alternative apocalyptic narrative that undermines nihilism in favour of 'the Lasso way'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concentrates on the general birth–death processes with two different types of catastrophes. The Laplace transform of transition probability function for birth–death processes with two-type catastrophes is successfully expressed with the Laplace transform of transition probability function of the birth–death processes without catastrophe. The first effective catastrophe occurrence time is considered. The Laplace transform of its probability density function, expectation and variance are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My key objective in this article is to explore the history of the concept of utopia and its application in really existing social, political, economic and cultural forms. Starting with a consideration of what I call the economy of utopia, I theorise the desire for the ideal society in terms of a deeply human drive to seek to overcome vulnerability, limitation and finitude that is set upon failure and the fall towards dystopia by virtue of the fact that it is this very lack that defines the being of the human animal. Following this section of the article, in the second part of my piece, I move on to trace the history of utopia from the visions of Ancients, through the idealism of the Moderns, up to the champions of the theory of the end of history and a utopian version of capitalism. Finally, in conclusion, I focus on the catastrophic impacts of this global utopia of capitalism realised in the form of the Anthropocene and imagine a truly human, tragic utopia founded upon a recognition of our constitutive lack, vulnerability and finitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine how uncertainty about a firm's future cash flows influences the quality of its accounting information. As uncertainty increases, information asymmetry between managers and stakeholders will almost certainly increase, amplifying the potential influence of uncertainty. We focus on a specific setting where severe levels of uncertainty can influence financial reporting, the property‐casualty (P&C) insurance industry and use catastrophes as a shock to the level of uncertainty regarding P&C insurer's future cash flows. We use P&C firms' claim loss estimation errors as a proxy for accounting information quality. Results suggest that, in times of heightened uncertainty, managers respond by increasing accounting information quality. Moreover, managerial claim loss forecasts are more accurate for publicly traded P&C firms relative to privately—or mutually—owned P&C firms as catastrophe exposure increases. Additionally, claim loss estimates are incrementally more accurate in times of heightened uncertainty for public P&C firms with higher institutional ownership or analyst following. These results corroborate the conjecture that managers' decisions to provide more accurate forecasts in times of heightened uncertainty are attributable to an increased demand for better information by external stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let {Xj, j ≥ 0} denote a Markov process on [−N − 1, N + 1]∪{c}. Suppose P(Xj+1 = m + 1|Xj = m) = ph, P(Xj+1 = m − 1|Xj = m) = (1 − p)h, all j ≥ 1 and |m| ≤ N, where p = 1/2 + b/N and h = 1 − cN for cN = 1/2 a²/N². Define P(Xj+1 = c|Xj = m) = cN, j ≥ 0, |m| ≤ N. {Xj} terminates at the first j such that Xj ∈ {−N − 1, N + 1, c}. Let L = max{j ≥ 0 : Xj = 0}. On Ω° = {Xj terminates at c}, denote by R° and L°, respectively, as the numbers of runs and steps from L until termination. Denote Δ° = L° − 2R°. Then limN→∞ E{eit/NΔ° | Ω°} = Ca,b √ c²+t² (cosh √ c²+t²−cosh(2b)/(a²+t²)sinh √ c²+t², where c² = a² + 4b². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on Elaine Scarry, Wendy Steiner, Timothy Morton, Pope Francis, and others, I reconsider basic characteristics of beauty to suggest how it can be a model for communication on behalf of ecological solidarity and sustainable communities within the existential crisis of the Anthropocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philip K. Dick -- both in his function as a science fiction and Californian author -- infused his novels with dimensions of crisis and catastrophe. Crisis being defined by an individual, often psychological state; and catastrophe being defined by a cataclysm that happens society-wide but is mythical rather than psychological. Crisis and catastrophe were also constants in Dick's life. Along with contextualizing the manifestation of crisis and catastrophe in his life story, this article aims to elaborate upon -- and contextualize -- three different manifestations: political crisis, spiritual crisis and apocalyptic catastrophe. How do crisis and catastrophe find their place in Dick's homegrown vision? And how does this relate to other facets of his work, like the concept of alternate realities? The greater context is Dick's vision of his home state as a "trash land". This article will also touch upon the ramifications crisis and catastrophe as constants in Dick's novels have upon the literary understanding of the state of California. And, by default, the rest of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The partition of India on the dissolution of British Raj into two dominions is known to have been violent, polarizing and caused large-scale loss of life (about two million) and an unprecedented migration of 14 million people between the two dominions, India and Pakistan. It is not known how well the then scientific community covered this man-made disaster, and the response of the international community with aid. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using different electronic databases of PubMed, Econlit, United Nations resolutions, Government of India websites, and Google Scholar for the period January 1947 to December 1951 on the impact of the partition of the Indian sub-continent, and to identify the international response toward this humanitarian crisis. Result: We could locate only twenty-four publications. Partition not only caused monumental humanitarian suffering, but also contributed to food deficits, adverse impact on trade and industries, national income and harmed public health. In contrast, no significant attention was expressed by the international scientific community or the United Nations, or aid provided during this catastrophic event. Conclusion: The review demonstrates the apathy by the contemporary international scientific research community on the social as well as economic damage caused by the partition of India. We suggest that the international scientific and research community should play the role of vigilante and fact finder to unearth the facets of mass human tragedy and its long-term consequences so that global consciousness is awakened, and help and aid flows when it is most needed.

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The partition of India on the dissolution of British Raj into two dominions is known to have been violent, polarizing and caused large-scale loss of life (about two million) and an unprecedented migration of 14 million people between the two dominions, India and Pakistan. It is not known how well the then scientific community covered this man-made disaster, and the response of the international community with aid. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using different electronic databases of PubMed, Econlit, United Nations resolutions, Government of India websites, and Google Scholar for the period January 1947 to December 1951 on the impact of the partition of the Indian sub-continent, and to identify the international response toward this humanitarian crisis. Result: We could locate only twenty-four publications. Partition not only caused monumental humanitarian suffering, but also contributed to food deficits, adverse impact on trade and industries, national income and harmed public health. In contrast, no significant attention was expressed by the international scientific community or the United Nations, or aid provided during this catastrophic event. Conclusion: The review demonstrates the apathy by the contemporary international scientific research community on the social as well as economic damage caused by the partition of India. We suggest that the international scientific and research community should play the role of vigilante and fact finder to unearth the facets of mass human tragedy and its long-term consequences so that global consciousness is awakened, and help and aid flows when it is most needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education about catastrophes often begins with, and at times even focuses on, passing down catastrophe memories. For this education, catastrophe memories that are unique to the survivors must be translated carefully to ensure that they can be understood by successors who may not have experienced a catastrophe themselves. This study elaborates on the structure of the translation of these memories between the survivors and successors. It also focuses on the educational significance of the practical application of such translations. Section 1 describes the purpose of this study while Section 2 examines the reasons for the emphasis on passing down survivors' memories in catastrophe education. Section 3 focuses on telling-listening exchanges while passing down these memories and examines the structure and characteristics of such exchanges. It was identified that it is imperative that these exchanges should communicate the experience that cannot be translated in words or is incommensurable. If both, the survivors and successors, are truthful to the incommensurability, and if they both dare to experience it, they will be able to find the potential and possibilities to transform human lives and societies while weaving together the narratives of catastrophe memories that would be transformed and generated endlessly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the perspective of 'catastrophising thought', this work undertakes a comparative analysis of five post-apocalyptic films dealing with climate migration: Waterworld, Snowpiercer, Interstellar, Mad Max: Fury Road and Mortal Engines in order to identify recurring themes within their dystopian societies. These narratives share an apocalyptic literary approach, intertwining biblical elements to draw a subjectivity that enables us to see the end of our known world order simultaneously as a new beginning. In the plots, technological development is related to the disrespect of ecological harmony and, therefore, extreme climate conditions. The changes in the films' narratives lead to a new kind of spirituality and a new concept of home. This article concludes by evaluating how these findings relate to the real, contemporary world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education about catastrophes often begins with, and at times even focuses on, passing down catastrophe memories. For this education, catastrophe memories that are unique to the survivors must be translated carefully to ensure that they can be understood by successors who may not have experienced a catastrophe themselves. This study elaborates on the structure of the translation of these memories between the survivors and successors. It also focuses on the educational significance of the practical application of such translations. Section 1 describes the purpose of this study while Section 2 examines the reasons for the emphasis on passing down survivors' memories in catastrophe education. Section 3 focuses on telling-listening exchanges while passing down these memories and examines the structure and characteristics of such exchanges. It was identified that it is imperative that these exchanges should communicate the experience that cannot be translated in words or is incommensurable. If both, the survivors and successors, are truthful to the incommensurability, and if they both dare to experience it, they will be able to find the potential and possibilities to transform human lives and societies while weaving together the narratives of catastrophe memories that would be transformed and generated endlessly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from Andean cosmological, mythological and aesthetic lineages, this paper is about the possibility of a phenomenology of things at catastrophic ends. In this regard, I approach things under the sway of a (de)formative emptiness. In the first part, I develop a relational ontology on the basis of the Andean notion of pacha or cosmos, which provides a phenomenological frame for a determination of "place," "world" and "topology." I also contrast an elemental topology of the cosmos configured by ouranic sunlight with an elemental catastrophism that overturns it. In the second part, I study a chronological series of artifacts in an Andean aesthetic lineage in order to attempt a phenomenology of "things" (utensils, buildings, mountains) that "spectrally" hover in overturns of the cosmos (pachakuti). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors report the forensic identification of the victims after the crash of the aircraft TJ TIM DHC-6-400 of the Nigerian company Caverton on May 11, 2022, in the locality of Bibey (District located 259 km from the capital Yaoundé). 11 occupants were on board, including 2 crew members The human remains brought to the morgue of the Central Hospital of Yaoundé were recovered by the gendarmes with the help of the local populations. At the request of the National Gendarmerie, a college of forensic doctors wasset up to carry out operations to identify human remains with a view to returning the remainsto the families. 9 victims were identified by DNA typing. The other 2 were examined by macroscopic examination and by personal effects. At the end of the investgations, we put emphasis on the importance of multidisciplinary management for the identification of victims of disasters and the establishment of an adequate framework for the conduct of forensic investigations in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflects on the significance of the events of October of 2023 in Palestine/Israel through an image of the palestinian cartoon Handala. Assuming it to be a pivotal moment in the history of the so-called "conflict," the intention is not to unravel the context, explanation, or motivations behind Hamas's actions. but to exam the impact such actions may have on Palestinian political imagination and the anticolonial resistance to Zionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of buildings and structures durability during their long-term operation in aggressive environments is discussed. It is closely connected with the problem of destruction of composite materials as a random process of birth, development, and death of defects at chemical corrosion. The content of the study is to analyze the influence of non-stationary chemical reactions occurring in real conditions on these processes. The analysis is carried out taking into account the incidental physical phenomena affecting corrosion, the most important of which is the diffusion of initial substances and reaction products occurring under different hydrodynamic conditions, i.e., the nature of fluid motion and its pressure which stimulates corrosion. The synthesis of three processes – chemical kinetics, diffusion, and hydrodynamics – allows us to study one of the possible scenarios of corrosion process development as a Markov process based on the statistical theory of the "weakest" link and the joint distribution of the random material and geometric parameters. Numerical analysis of changes in elastic and electrical properties of composite materials under these conditions allows us to substantiate the technology of non-destructive control of changes in the state of the structure. The research results are based on mathematical and statistical modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SFX (special effects) frequently used in Science Fiction (SF) films shall include rich example of scale model experiments. Technicians and staffs of SFX put extra-ordinal efforts to reproduce unrealistic scene (yet it looks very real) by “Kufu” based on empirical experiences, so called “know-how”, based on their professional sense. This work is to provide the strategies to understand how such “Kufu(s)” works to reproduce the “unrealistic” catastrophe in SFX using the concept of scale modeling. Through the strategy, professional sense can be written as certain formula of engineering law. To do so, melting-collapse of pylons subjected to extremely hot gas jet (so called “atomic breath”) by Godzilla is used as the case study. The actual treatment applied in the past SFX is recalled and discussed its feasibility. Improved method based on scale model concept is newly introduced and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to analyze bifurcation points in financial models using colored noise as a stochastic component. The research investigates the impact of colored noise on change-points and approach to their detection via neural networks. The paper presents a literature review on the use of colored noise in complex systems. The Vasicek stochastic model of interest rates is the object of the research. The research methodology involves approximating numerical solutions of the model using the Euler–Maruyama method, calibrating model parameters, and adjusting the integration step. Methods for detecting bifurcation points and their application to the data are discussed. The study results include the outcomes of an LSTM model trained to detect change-points for models with different types of noise. Results are provided for comparison with various change-point windows and forecast step sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on Michaël Ferrier's concept of the "coral writer," this article uses the idea to think about catastrophe and the ways in which Ferrier writes unflinchingly about disasters, but never succumbs to hopelessness, preferring instead to think, as a coral writer, of the tenacious regeneration of natural things, human as much as non-human. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss two queueing-inventory systems with catastrophes in the warehouse. Catastrophes occur according to the Poisson process and instantly destroy all items in the inventory. The arrivals of the consumer customers follow a Markovian arrival process and they can be queued in an infinite buffer. The service time of a consumer customer follows a phase-type distribution. The system receives negative customers which have Poisson flows and as soon as a negative customer comes into the system, he causes a consumer customer to leave the system, if any. One of two inventory policies is used in the systems: either (s , S) or (s , Q) . If the inventory level is zero when a consumer customer arrives, then this customer is either lost (lost sale) or joins the queue (backorder sale). The system is formulated by a four-dimensional continuous-time Markov chain. Ergodicity condition for both systems is established and steady-state distribution is obtained using the matrix-geometric method. By numerical studies, the influence of the distributions of the arrival process and the service time and the system parameters on performance measures are deeply analyzed. Finally, an optimization study is presented in which the criterion is the minimization of expected total costs and the controlled parameter is warehouse capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space is a multidimensional, boundless realm in which the relative position of phenomena is reflected. During the last few decades, the water level of Lake Urmia has decreased drastically. Lake Urmia, as a geographical device and a complex system, has been affected by natural and anthropogenic factors, as visible and hidden layers. In order to check the water storage threshold of dams in reducing the water level of Lake Urmia, we first prepared the desired data bank: DEM of the basin, data from climatology stations, discharge of hydrometric stations and dam information. We estimated the linear relationships between altitude and Temperature and precipitation and altitude in SPSS software. Considering climatology stations and dams as output points, we extracted several sub-basins. We estimated the volume of water inflow into the basins without a hydrometric station using Justin's method; We also analyzed the percentage of annual discharge compared to annual precipitation and changes in the water storage volume of dams. The results indicate that the reservoir volume of 46 dams in 12 sub-basins (1628.68 million cubic meters) accounts for about 21% of the total volume of basin runoff; This number was 13% until 1996 and reached 21.8% in 2013. In 1970, with the construction of the Mahabad dam with a reservoir volume of 197.8 million cubic meters, the reservoir volume of the dams exceeded the environmental threshold; it caused the lake's water level to decrease irreversibly. Examining the volume of the dam reservoir according to the volume of water intake and the volume of rainfall in the basins of the dams shows that out of the 41 dams, the reservoirs of 28 dams are built according to the rainfall potential of the basin. The ratio of reservoir volume to rainfall volume of 33 dams has very favorable conditions, and 6 dams have favorable conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Anthropocene Epoch can be characterized not as the increasing effect of humans/cities on the continental soil but as a temporal section in which the planet’s surface, the atmosphere, oceans, and nutrient cycle systems began to be changed/dominated by humans/urban. Together with the urbanization trend, the impact of cities and people is the driving force that started the Anthropocene Epoch. Global problems began to emerge with increasing trends, and irreversible disaster scenarios such as climate change, sixth mass extinction, biological destruction, and disasters were brought to the agenda. The increase in the diversity, frequency, and intensity of disasters increases the vulnerability and exposure of cities and people to different hazards, triggering disasters or making them worse. Events resulting from the Anthropocene Epoch "will the near future come?" also raises questions. For this reason, this study was created based on the assumption that the "Anthropocene Epoch includes disasters and cities play the main role here". In the context of this study, the historical process of the Anthropocene Epoch will be discussed, and the role of cities in this process will be determined. Finally, it will be investigated what will await humanity and cities shortly and which issues should be addressed in cities will be focused on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This piece looks into the atmospheric and catastrophic environments that punctuate H of H: storms, ice-breaks, volcanic eruptions, and nuclear explosions that give the tragic narrative an electrifying edge. It draws attention to a “chemical” poetics at the heart of Carson’s translation technique and thinking about Euripides’ play. This mannerism, also found in Euripides’s “combustible mixture of realism and extremism” (Grief Lessons, blurb), is not exclusive to H of H. It can be detected across Carson’s oeuvre – a tendency to combust the reader’s mind in ways that become a philosophy for re-reading Euripides and, more ambitiously, Carson’s own sense of the tragic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cameroon Academy of Sciences Journal is the property of Cameroon Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)