Search

Dye degradation is a key reaction in organic decomposition production through electron donor transferring. Palladium (Pd) is the best-known element for synthesis Pd-based catalyst, the surface status determines the scope of relative applications. Here we first prepare Pd-Cu alloy nanoparticles (NPs) by co-reduction of Cu(acac)2 (acac = acetylacetonate) and Pd(C5HF6O2)2 in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and glutathione (GSH). The obtained Pd-Cu is about ~10 nm with super-hydrophilicity in aqueous mediums. The structural analysis clearly demonstrated the uniform distribution of Pd and Cu element. The colloidal solution keeps stability even during 30 days. Bimetallic Pd-Cu NPs shows biocompatibility in form of cell lines (IMEF, HACAT, and 239 T) exposed to colloidal solution (50 µg mL−1) for 2 days. It shows the catalytic multi-performance for dye degradation such as methyl orange (MO), rhodamine B (RhB), and methylene blue (MB), respectively. The as-synthesized nanoparticles showed one of the best multiple catalytic activities in the industrially important (electro)-catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to corresponding amines with noticeable reduced reaction time and increased rate constant without the use of any large area support. In addition, it exhibits peroxidase-like activity in the 3, 3′, 5, 5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) color test and exhibit obvious difference with previous individual metal materials. By treated with high intensity focused ultrasound filed (HIFU), Pd-Cu NPs might be recrystallized and decreased the diameters than before. The enhancement in catalytic performance is observed obviously. This work expedites rational design and synthesis of the high-hierarchy alloy catalyst for biological and environment-friendly agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dye degradation is a key reaction in organic decomposition production through electron donor transferring. Palladium (Pd) is the best-known element for synthesis Pd-based catalyst, the surface status determines the scope of relative applications. Here we first prepare Pd-Cu alloy nanoparticles (NPs) by co-reduction of Cu(acac)2 (acac = acetylacetonate) and Pd(C5HF6O2)2 in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and glutathione (GSH). The obtained Pd-Cu is about ~10 nm with super-hydrophilicity in aqueous mediums. The structural analysis clearly demonstrated the uniform distribution of Pd and Cu element. The colloidal solution keeps stability even during 30 days. Bimetallic Pd-Cu NPs shows biocompatibility in form of cell lines (IMEF, HACAT, and 239 T) exposed to colloidal solution (50 µg mL−1) for 2 days. It shows the catalytic multi-performance for dye degradation such as methyl orange (MO), rhodamine B (RhB), and methylene blue (MB), respectively. The as-synthesized nanoparticles showed one of the best multiple catalytic activities in the industrially important (electro)-catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to corresponding amines with noticeable reduced reaction time and increased rate constant without the use of any large area support. In addition, it exhibits peroxidase-like activity in the 3, 3′, 5, 5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) color test and exhibit obvious difference with previous individual metal materials. By treated with high intensity focused ultrasound filed (HIFU), Pd-Cu NPs might be recrystallized and decreased the diameters than before. The enhancement in catalytic performance is observed obviously. This work expedites rational design and synthesis of the high-hierarchy alloy catalyst for biological and environment-friendly agents.

Thermosetting polymers are widely used as industrial materials due to good heat resistance, dimensional stability and chemical resistance. Designing novel networks still remains an exciting and emerging field of research. The present paper substantiates the applications of ionic liquids (ILs) for the design of advanced thermoset derivatives. The peculiarities of the curing behavior of resins in the presence of ILs and the main properties of the cured thermosets are analyzed. The utilization of ILs in thermosetting polymers as catalytic agents, plasticizers, electrolytes or porogens is highlighted. Diverse ILs can be incorporated into a polymer matrix to achieve better final properties. To make the review more substantial, basic ideas about ILs are first outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a series of attempts to study methods for the degradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are done. Three common types of PVA (1788, 1799, 2099) are studied. Research methods including heat degradation, oxidation degradation, catalyst degradation, degradation of UV irradiation method are used in the experiment. After obtaining the corresponding absorbance, the degradation is calculated from the absorbance. Data show that a large amount of oxidation agent is needed and the cost is too high. So oxidation agent can not be used in the degradation of PVA individually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We undertook a pyrolysis research on garlic stalks to solve its difficulty in use. We found that the inorganic salts in biomass played an important role in catalytic pyrolysis. Moreover, we studied the pyrolysis behavior under catalyst and catalyst-free conditions. The results showed that the weightlessness rate of garlic stalks was the highest at 550 °C under catalyst-free condition. The oil production rate increased with the increase of temperature and reached the peak at 550 °C. Subsequently, as the temperature increased, the secondary cracking was intensified and oil production rate was decreased. The oil production rate increased significantly (almost 15%) under catalysis of KOH. However, the oil production rate was the highest at 500-600 °C. What's more, we found that KOH played a major role in promoting decomposition of surface skin cells and subcutaneous fibrous layer of garlic stalks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]