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This article explores the nature, strengths and limitations of Roman, Christian, Kantian and utilitarian ethics and their legacy in some modern theories of educative leadership that are educative in intent and outcome. It is shown that Roman, Christian, Kantian, and utilitarian ethics have profoundly shaped transformational, instructional, distributed, and ethical leadership theories. Roman ethics emphasize civic duty, virtue, and community service, influencing leaders to inspire collective goals and improve educational outcomes. Christian ethics highlight love, compassion, and moral integrity, guiding leaders to act as ethical exemplars and nurture followers. Kantian ethics focus on duty, universal principles, and respect for individuals, promoting ethical consistency and dignity in leadership practices. Utilitarian ethics prioritize maximizing happiness and well-being, driving leaders to achieve positive changes and balance individual needs with the greater good. It concludes that these ethical foundations (a) continue to inform contemporary educative leadership practices and (b) underpin recent scholarship that has shown how Roman, Christian, Kantian, and utilitarian ethics can shape moral school leadership and ethical decision-making, offering school leaders a nuanced approach to promote learning and social justice, fairness, and community well-being.

Justice emerges as a need like any other human need and the processes of justice play important role within the organization. Social justice leadership includes the practice of leading and advocating for positive social change, equity, and fairness within society. Social justice leaders work to address and rectify systemic inequalities, discrimination, and injustices that affect marginalized and disadvantaged groups. They actively promote inclusivity, diversity, and equal opportunities for all individuals, regardless of their background, identity, or circumstances. This study is designed in qualitative paradigm as a case study. For selecting the participants, I employed maximum variation sampling which is one of the categories of purposeful sampling that provides the researcher understand the basics of a case or a phenomenon under exploration. The findings of the study revealed that the practices of the school principals include "caring students", "supporting staff" and "promoting positive organizational climate" theme. The challenges and barriers that the principals face with include "parental challenges", "financial issues" and "school conditions". Social justice leadership practices are crucial in ensuring equitable learning atmosphere and barriers should be taken into account in policy making of education.

In this article, we contend that the bedrock of an equitable world lies in the profound recognition of love as the fundamental force permeating the cosmos. We believe that love is built into the essence of who we are. We posit that genuine progress toward an equitable world is elusive unless we place love, both for one another and for the natural world, at the core of our educational endeavors.

Using the contrast between "formal equality" and "equity," this study employs Amartya Sen's concept of capability to illustrate the relational structure of the distributive principle behind Japan's education system and policies, as well as its problems. In addition, it presents a practical principle and measures for implementing an educational system and policies that emphasize equity. The results demonstrate that Japan's educational system and policies emphasize formal equality and distribute goods on the principle of equity only to some children with difficulties. Additionally, a growing demand for both formal equality and equity has emerged in recent years. The reality, however, is a reciprocal relationship where the majority of students are still expected to achieve a high level of functioning, while "diverse learning spaces" are expanded for those children who cannot keep up. This paper explains that to move beyond this situation and realize an educational system and policies that emphasize equity and guarantee capability will be possible by ensuring that the distribution of goods and services for children with difficulties benefits all children. This can be accomplished by adopting the philosophy of "caring educational administration."

Teachers with gender stereotypes are particularly likely to engage in gender-biased teaching practices and to transmit biased gender norms to students. Examining teachers' gender stereotypes is important for understanding gender transmission in schools and gender inequality in educational attainments. Using data from a questionnaire survey of junior high school teachers in the Kansai area of Japan, this study empirically examines teachers' gender stereotypes, focusing on their gender role attitudes. Using latent class analysis to examine teachers' gender role attitudes, the results identify three patterns (gender equality supporters, care-gender role supporters, and gender role supporters) in teachers' gender role attitudes. The distinctive pattern is the care-gender role supporters, a group that rejects some traditional gender roles but is more likely to hold the gender stereotype that women are better suited for housework and childcare; this group is considered "potential" gender stereotypes. Furthermore, using a latent class multinomial-logit model, we test three hypotheses regarding gender, age, and teachers' subject. The results show that the hypotheses are partially supported and that teachers' gender role attitudes are influenced by the basic factors mentioned above, including the interaction effect. Based on these findings, we discuss the structure of teachers' gender role attitudes and suggest the importance of focusing on teachers with potential gender stereotypes.

The escalation in online learning post-COVID has created a pressing need to consider faculty-student interactions in a virtual environment. A sequential explanatory, mixed-method design was used to investigate university students' perceptions of faculty caring online following the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 46 undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in one of four programs offered either fully online or with a significant number of required courses offered in an asynchronous online format at the same university in a single semester. Results from the Student Perspectives of Caring Online Survey indicated participants' feeling strongly about effective communication, specifically a detailed class calendar with a schedule and due dates as well as clear instructions regarding expectations for online communications, as a faculty behavior that conveyed caring. Qualitative data supported this finding and indicated that empathy and support from faculty were also highly valued. Implications of findings for online teaching practices are presented.

This study assessed the influence of a 10-week teacher emotionally supportive quasi-experimental intervention on the perceived teacher emotional support (PTES), basic psychological needs (BPNs) satisfaction, emotions of anxiety and enjoyment, and emotional engagement of learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). Strategies targeting the three dimensions of TES, that is, positive climate, teacher sensitivity, and regard for students' perspectives, were deployed exclusively in an experimental group (N = 63), which was compared to a control group (N = 58) in which a more typical teaching approach was followed. Classroom observations and questionnaires were used to capture three time points of changes in learner behaviors. The results of multivariate analyses revealed significant positive changes over time in students' self-reported PTES behaviors, BPNs satisfaction, emotions, emotional engagement and observed behaviors solely in the experimental condition. Learner BPNs satisfaction showed the largest group differences by mid-term treatment. With the continuous deployment of the treatment, the between-group differences peaked toward the end of the experiment for all learner behaviors. The largest variance at this stage was in learner PTES. These experimentally driven findings provide compelling evidence for the advantages of TES pedagogical interventions for second language learners.

Background: The professional development (PD) of early childhood teachers is of strategic importance in higher education and the profession given the need to improve responsiveness and progress towards millennium goals. Aim: The purpose was to analyse classroom practices and teachers' experiences of PD programmes, through the theoretical lens of the UNESCO ICT Competency Framework for Teachers to construct an authentic data-based model, which can be used to understand PD challenges and guide decisions about the improvement of education quality. Setting: The study was conducted in Gauteng with teachers from a selection of early childhood centres. Methods: A phenomenological inquiry explored the settings and practices of 23 selected teachers in Gauteng province. Interview and observation data were analysed for content categories and grounded theory articulations. Results: The main finding is that teachers facing everyday educational challenges benefit from school-based support and available media but need additional learning to advance their professional aspirations. The grounded theory analyses of the data highlighted that early childhood practices and articulated development needs are best explained as authentic caring. This was conceptualised metaphorically as garden spaces where careful tending, deliberate planning and various elements of nurturing knowledge may harmoniously be blended. The model extends prevailing theories of PD and the flipped ICT Competency Framework for Teachers. Conclusion: The model of authentic caring is a grounded theory articulation based upon beliefs of practising EC teachers. Contribution: The article provides a comprehensive online teacher professional development framework for EC teachers, emphasising authenticity, care and alignment with global educational standards.

Most assessments adopt a one-size-fits-all approach to provide fair testing opportunities to all learners. However, this rigid approach to assessment may limit the ability for some learners to show what they know and can do. The Caring Assessments framework proposed a guide for the design and development of flexible, personalized, and adaptive assessments to provide each learner with the best opportunity to show what they know and can do. The original framework for caring assessments proposed that caring can be integrated into assessments by leveraging knowledge about learners' characteristics, behaviors, and learning context. Because we also recognize the critical role of acknowledging learners' cultures, identities, and social contexts to provide effective, caring support for all learners, in this paper we expand the framework to the Culturally Enhanced Caring Assessments framework to include personal, social, linguistic, and cultural aspects of learners and the contexts in which they learn. We discuss the culturally enhanced caring assessments framework and the need for further research to address the implementation challenges that can emerge when assessments are flexible, personalized, and adaptive.

This qualitative research, employing content analysis, aims to achieve two objectives: (1) to examine self-values, which encompass the categories of literacy and environmental assessment, and (2) to explore social peace values, which include the categories of content and environmental literacy assessment. The research data consist of images accompanied by textual elements sourced from Indonesian language textbooks used in grades 5 and 6 of primary schools. These textbooks are published by the Center for Curriculum, Research, and Book Development, which operates directly under the Ministry of Education and Culture, Republic of Indonesia in support of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The findings of the research reveal that (1) the values of oneself include acceptance of conditions, wisdom, adherence to rules, patience, consistency, cleanliness, hard work, creativity, enthusiasm, and hard work. Meanwhile, (2) the values of social peace consist of cooperation, care for the environment and other living beings, togetherness, and respect for others' rights. These two categories are spread across texts of types environmental behavior, knowledge, affect, and cognitive, which are included in the categories of social esteem and sanction. Overall, the findings of this research indicate that the discursive practices within the textbooks aim to shape individuals who are independent and cooperative, with an emphasis on inclusivity, appreciation of diversity, and mutual intercultural respect in fostering environmental peace. The analytical framework developed in this study represents a novel contribution to environmental discourse analysis and can be utilized by future researchers, both locally and globally, to study textbooks. Future research could focus on a lexico-grammatical analysis of engagement and graduation elements, with the aim of deepening understanding and enhancing the delivery of sustainability solutions.

Language teaching has the potential not only to teach language skills but also to create a peaceful learning environment where students feel relaxed, safe and valued. To achieve this goal, teachers need to develop an ideal identity that reflects their commitment to promoting peace in their classrooms. In the interest of developing peacebuilder language teachers, this study investigated the ideal identity of English language teachers as peacebuilders, the strategies they employ to achieve their peacebuilder identities, and the manifestation of peace language: hope, help, and harmony (Oxford & Curtis, 2020). The narratives of three Iranian language teachers were thematically analyzed to understand their hopeful, helpful, and harmonious experiences. Our findings indicate that teachers' ideal peacebuilder selves are becoming 'an encouraging teacher', 'a more hopeful and caring teacher', and 'a patient teacher'. To achieve their peacebuilder identity, they proposed strategies such as encouraging students to communicate internationally, caring about students' success, pursuing academic studies, and improving emotion-regulation skills. The findings of this study contribute to incorporating peace in language education and developing peacebuilder language.

Before the EdD program through UC Davis, my own decisions and thinking process perpetuated an inequitable system that seemed to be working to support and uplift marginalized communities. When beginning my personal journey through the doctoral program and throughout the pandemic, there were epiphanies that awakened me to new institutional versions that empowered my ways of approaching education and leading future generations to question, early and often, the systems that were supposed to increase their ability to become leaders themselves. The concluding research recommendations support the implementation of culturally sustaining pedagogical practices to increase authentic historically marginalized student self-expression and empowerment of students and community. This work is done through understanding the priorities of the community, offering transparency, communicating, and listening while promoting health and safety as a means of cariño. Communicating that our priorities on site are children first, rather than test scores and attendance percentages, I seek creative means to empower our young scholars to bridge a gap between site and community and authentically celebrate the diversity on our campus.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of instructional methods based on Constructivist theory and cooperative learning on first-grade students' mathematical learning achievement and social awareness. Method: A natural sample of 30 children aged 6-7 years old was cluster-randomized into an experimental group. Mathematical Learning Achievement Tests and Social Awareness Assessment Scale were used to assess mathematical learning achievement and social awareness before and after 15 sessions of instruction based on Constructivist theory and cooperative learning. Results: 1) After a certain period of learning or training, the experimental group showed improvement in Mathematical Learning Achievement (M=20.6, SD=1.40). Compared to the pretest, there was a significant improvement in students' performance in the posttest (t (29) = 12.51, p < 0.05). 2) After a certain period of learning or training, the experimental group showed improvement in Social Awareness (M=16.5, SD=1.14). Compared to the pretest, there was a significant improvement in students' performance in the posttest (t (29) = 17.88, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The instructional methods based on Constructivist theory and cooperative learning can enhance first-grade students' mathematical learning achievement and social awareness.

This article explores how TCTELA's 2024 Teachers of the Year forged the future through their literacy teaching at the elementary, middle school, high school, and college levels. Each essay captures how they understand their work as literacy educators and intentionally educate their students toward a brighter future amid trying local contexts. The first essay details how an elementary teacher threads the needle of maintaining high expectations that surpass academic success in the classroom to include holistic development as people and citizens in their future communities. The second essay describes how a middle-school reading community is crafted around a focus on representation and diverse texts. The third essay examines the use of the workshop model and the incorporation of choice and how those practices foster autonomous, innovative, and emboldened citizens. The final essay explores the power and hope of cariño for preservice and in-service teachers. Often translated as "care," the Spanish word "cariño" refers to a rich wisdom and practices of Latina teachers to care for and teach their students who live in between cultures, languages, and identities. Each essay aims not only to outline steps each teacher takes to pursue excellence in their teaching but also to offer a humanizing look into the heart it takes to teach day in and day out.

The purpose of this study was to explore the nuances of instructor-student relationships with a nationally representative sample of students. Participants were randomly assigned to describe relationships with their best, worst, and/or last instructor and rate their satisfaction with each relationship, and the level of closeness with the instructor. Coding of student descriptions revealed 13 themes, organized into six pairs of constructive/destructive relationship anchors and one neutral category (Professional Relationship). Importantly, professional relationships were not as close as constructive relationships but were equally satisfying, indicating the closeness in instructor-student relationships has diminishing returns. Results are discussed in the context of instructional communication research and pedagogy.

This piece offers a conceptual framework for collective care as pedagogy in higher education, and a proposition of how to theorize its orientations within anticolonial and feminist work on affect in education. First, I spotlight work that helps to define collective care. Next, I call on the concept of affective individualism as a way to describe what is: the taken-for-granted affective governmentality (Zembylas, 2021) that shapes how we often come together in our classrooms. Finally, I ground collective care as pedagogy as the building of affective solidarity, an affective conceptual framework for what could be, grounded in the feminist work of Clare Hemmings (2012).

This article uses the findings obtained from a study that delves into the perceptions of students on their relationship with their higher education (HE) lecturers and how it affects their academic success, to respond to the issue of decolonisation in South African HE, and to approach the question of decolonising HE in Africa. The article argues that it is essential to prioritise student well-being, amplify their voices, and promote a caring culture towards addressing the issue of decolonisation in African education systems. The study shows that African HE students hold higher expectations of their lecturers beyond being professionals. This expectation includes respect for students' thoughts and incorporation of epistemology that aligns with fostering African development, culture and thoughts (without necessarily conforming to neoliberal norms). The four categories of the teacher's role, which include academic development, respect and trust, social relationships, and ethics of care are highly demanded by HE students. Borrowing the study outcome, this article holds the view that students' high expectations of their lecturers to foster social relationships should be channelled to incorporate the African student as a collaborator in the business of education and as a response to the demands of HE students to decolonise African education system. These four categories are not only institutional strategies for effective teaching and learning but also a way to address the non-inclusive impact of Western epistemology on historically racial institutions in Africa. Contribution: This article proposes that adopting mainstream pedagogical relationships can be a powerful tool in incorporating the African students' thoughts and a step towards liberating the HE system in Africa. It recommends these four cardinal themes as institutional strategies for restricting teaching and learning that relegate students to the receiving end thus systems that refute students as collaborators of knowledge sharing especially at historically racial institutions.

This article reports on a series of narrative events extracted from an action research methodology that explores teaching practices and pedagogical experiences to foster well-being in English language student-teachers. Although the study adopted an action research methodology, it does not account for the implementation of the pedagogical process per se. Instead, it resorts to its stages (i.e., planning, reflecting, and acting) to situate the narrative events regarding well-being. The study was conducted in a public university in Bogotá, Colombia, exploring the experiences of two student-teachers at the practicum stage. The purpose was to document narrative events concerning teaching practices and pedagogical experiences implemented to foster well-being. These experiences reveal that student pteachers engage in thought-affective pedagogies or pedagogies of well-being that coexist with traditional language pedagogy, although they are not cognitive-oriented pedagogies. Interestingly, student-teachers could engage in more human pedagogical practice to see the other not as a learning object but as someone who feels and requires attention and care.

Utilizing Hersey's (2022) "Rest is Resistance," this article examines the tensions between the culture of higher education, the needs of community, and the ways that antiblackness and intersectionality impact the well-being of students, faculty, staff, and community partners. University of San Francisco's Engage San Francisco initiative is reviewed as a case study to balance the conflicting needs of community partners, students, and staff to maintain accountability to justice and public service while deconstructing toxic work norms in higher education. In opposition to White supremacist work culture, Hersey (2022) proposes that liberation "resides in our deprogramming and tapping into the power of rest and in our ability to be flexible and subversive" (p.16). In alignment with community-engaged values of decolonizing the institution and our minds, community-engaged staff and faculty can embody "Rest is Resistance" to support themselves, students, and community partners without reinforcing inequity and class oppression. Hersey offers a guide to unlearning grind culture, which enables a critical examination of the sacrifices that are asked of staff, faculty, students, and partners, as well as the consequences of those sacrifices.

Self-compassion is defined as a form of caring for yourself when facing various problems that occur in life and having the belief that failure, mistakes, suffering, and deficiencies are part of life. This article aims to explore the level of self-compassion, gender differences, age differences on the level of self-compassion of students with Javanese ethnic background. The research method used was a survey with a cross-sectional survey design involving 561 high school students consisting of 278 boys and 283 girls, selected using a random sampling technique. The research data collection instrument used the compassion scale. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive analysis, t-test and Anova test. The results of the study prove that high school students with a Javanese ethnic background have a level of self-compassion in the medium category and tend to be low. Furthermore, this study found that in terms of gender differences, male students had a lower level of self-compassion than female students. Judging from each indicator of self-compassion on gender, the indicators of kindness and common humanity have significant differences, while the indicators of mindfulness and indifference have insignificant differences. Furthermore, the age difference shows that there is no significant difference between students aged 14, 15, 16, 17 in the level of self-compassion, but the older they get, the higher the level of self-compassion that students have. Further discussion is discussed in this article.

To bridge the gap between the learning goals of the classroom and the overtaxed, returning-from-the-pandemic learner, adapting teaching practices to respond to present-day experiences became a way to facilitate success. Weaving anecdotal experiences with pedagogical scholarship, this discussion explores the impact of practices that approach the learning experience with grace (Su, 2021) and care (Mehrotra, 2021). These practices include the value of putting Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs before Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning (Mutch & Peung, 2021), and adopting a trauma-informed approach to create opportunity for all students' success. This includes: Incorporating opportunities for students to make decisions and exercise choice over aspects of their assignments and facilitating a sense of ownership over their learning (Wolpert-Gawron, 2018), incorporating structured engagement among peers to create a supportive learning community (Lang, 2020), and incorporating practices of instructional care and holistic recognition to build trusting relationships. [Articles in this journal were presented at the University of Calgary Conference on Postsecondary Learning and Teaching.]

This research delved into the experiences of five international graduate students (comprising three from China, one from Germany, and one from Saudi Arabia) attending a university in the United States. The aim was to gain insights into their adjustment process to a new academic, linguistic, and cultural environment. The data were gathered through surveys, on-site observations, and semi-structured interviews, and were analyzed using Domain analysis. The study employed transcaring pedagogy as a theoretical lens to interpret and present the findings. Results indicated that international graduate students often felt discriminated against due to their different language usage. Additionally, professors tended to uphold the dominance of mainstream culture while silencing the voices of international students. These instances of 'uncaring practices' contributed to the students feeling marginalized and oppressed. These findings underscored the necessity for transcaring pedagogy within higher education programs. Thus, professors can create inclusive environments where international students feel empowered to express their identities, engage in dialogues, and socialization with mainstream students.

Digital technology coaches (DTCs) often support teachers with integrating technology into their classroom and instructional program, as well as provide ongoing staff development. To be effective, coaches tend to have specific characteristics for instructional coaching and competencies for educational coaching. We investigated if these characteristics and competencies applied to effective DTCs while we observed their proficiency with technology, their interactions with other educators, and the way they provide support for the teacher-professional learning (PL) process. Three DTCs led over 80 K-12 teachers from the same school district in classroom coaching sessions, collaborative planning meetings, PL sessions, and conference presentations. In keeping with generic qualitative methods, multiple data sources including fieldnotes, artifacts, and transcribed interviews were analyzed. Through examining data detailing their role and impact on the learning of their teacher colleagues, it was apparent that these DTCs possess the characteristics and competencies of effective instructional coaches. Importantly, this study adds to the literature on effective coaches by documenting the applicability of these characteristics and competencies to not only instructional coaches, but also DTCs, elucidating their role, and explaining their influence on teacher PL.

Ethical intelligence is the strength of a transformational society. As a change agent, the school leader is expected to be a representative figure of ethical standards. Unfortunately, they are criticized for their unethical activities. Therefore, drawing on the concept of ethical leadership, this study aims to construct the meaning of ethics as they have lived with it, thereby exploring the transformational influences of ethical strengths. Adopting a narrative inquiry research design, lived narratives were generated from four principals of secondary level (Grades 9-12) selected purposively. The narrative data were analyzed and interpreted using Starratt's (2004) theoretical framework of ethical leadership of care, justice and critique. This study explored ethics as the mutual value of individual, institutional and social institutions. Human potentiality is the power of ethical intelligence that derives toward transformation. This finding shed light on the importance and execution of ethical abilities. It shares ethical knowledge, values and skills among individuals, schools and communities. It also portrays ethical sensitivities, which are the core foundation of a transformative society with rational personalities.

This research delves into analyzing and comprehending humanistic attitudes within the management framework of the Youth Red Cross (PMR) organization at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Palopo. Employing a qualitative approach, data is gathered through interviews, observations, and subsequent analysis. The study encompasses various stakeholders: the Headmaster of MTsN Palopo serves as an informant to provide an overview of the school, while administrators relay information regarding the school's general profile. Facilitators from the Indonesian Red Cross (Palang Merah Indonesia) and participating teachers offer insights into activity implementation. Additionally, interviews with active student participants, including core committee members and department heads, capture their perspectives on activity execution. Findings reveal the pivotal role of humanism in PMR organization management. Members demonstrate a profound concern for fellow students' welfare, evidenced by humanitarian activities like social action and first aid training. Management ethos within the PMR organization also champions humanistic principles. Student leaders focus on service-oriented leadership and meticulous time management from planning to empowering PMR members to actively engage in altruistic endeavors. Humanistic values underpin the ethos of PMR organization management, fostering an environment conducive to leadership cultivation, first aid proficiency, and altruism. Central to this ethos is the ethos of caring for fellow members and students, laying a robust foundation for PMR activities and management steeped in human values. This environment not only supports leadership development but also emphasizes first aid training and mutual assistance, all centered on fostering humanistic values.

The promotion of effective teacher professional development (ETPD) is a critical issue in the field of teacher education. The present study investigated how ETPD is affected simultaneously by teacher- and school-level factors across the United States, China, Finland, and Singapore. The data were drawn from the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS 2018) and analyzed using a hierarchical linear model. Findings showed that scores on social utility motivation to teach, self-efficacy in student engagement, and school participative climate were positively and significantly correlated with scores on ETPD across the four countries. It was concluded that gender, education background, teaching experience, personal utility motivation to teach, teacher self-efficacy in classroom management, and teacher-student relations made significant, yet inconsistent, differences in ETPD in the four countries. Motivating teachers to teach and creating a democratic, participatory, and caring school culture may be important measures to promote effective professional development of teachers globally.

The future of teaching will increasingly rely on overseas-trained teachers (OTTs) to address teacher shortages. While research on OTTs in the United States is expanding, studies focusing on Afro-Caribbean teachers are emerging. Despite the growing call for more teachers of color, Afro-Caribbean OTTs' contributions are often overlooked due to their immigrant status. We propose the concepts of "radical transparency" and "fugitive care" to articulate how these teachers' classroom practices offer alternative possibilities for schooling, making the learning process both explicit and equitable for all students. Drawing on a Transnational Black Feminist Framework (TBF), we highlight the unique politics of care practiced by these teachers, revealing gaps in our cultural understanding and underscoring their vital, yet understudied, contributions to education.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought abrupt changes to teaching that caused increased stress amid an already difficult time. Whether teaching remote, hybrid, or in-person, university faculty were expected to continue teaching throughout the pandemic, despite personal challenges at home. In addition, there were expectations that faculty show greater levels of compassion towards their students. Multiple articles brought attention to these struggles and questioned whether university faculty might be experiencing compassion fatigue--a state of emotional exhaustion brought on by secondary traumatic stress and characterized by a reduced capacity for empathy. Using data from a larger, longitudinal qualitative study of faculty members' experiences during the pandemic, the present study aims to understand faculty experiences of emotional labor and compassion fatigue during this time. Unsurprisingly, most participants reported an increase in emotional labor during the early pandemic; however, roughly one in four described their emotional labor loads as unchanged or even decreased. In those cases, participants often described active disengagement practices in the workplace, or methods of "guarding one's time." Overall, compassion fatigue was less evident than anticipated, but there were identifiable signs of burnout among participants. This finding alone suggests a need for additional research to better conceptualize and operationalize the two terms.

There are complexities in how care in schools is perceived by students and how achieving culturally relevant caring necessitates a deeper level of engagement. This case study delves into the perspectives of thirteen Black and Latiné students attending a justice-themed high school, focusing on their perceptions of caring orientations within the teacher-student relationship from the lens of culturally relevant caring. The findings highlight caring manifested through Knowledge, Receptivity, and Engrossment, noting that caring doesn't always serve as a pathway to justice. Furthermore, it explores caring through a critical community-based justice curriculum and caring through the building of racial solidarity. The implications for pedagogy are also discussed.

Studies of both professional science practice and children's science learning show that care is not merely ancillary to disciplinary work but a core and generative constituent of science practice. In science education research, however, students' care is often overlooked. In this paper, we describe the expression of care across two STEM classrooms (6th and 9th grade) studying biology and ecology and participating in a pen pal exchange. We analyze artifacts from the pen pal exchange as well as students' retrospective interviews and written reflections. Two ways of expressing care surfaced in students' letters: caring for guppies and caring for pen pals. We describe each form of care using examples from our data. We find that students' care for guppies and pen pals was both instrumental (in service of their investigations) and intrinsic (positioning guppies and pen pals as inherently valuable). We then connect these findings to studies of care in children's science learning and in professional science. We discuss methodological and practical implications for recognizing and analyzing how students' care manifests in classrooms and for designing learning activities that cultivate care.

This research presents the findings of an 8-month ethnographic case study of one infant/toddler classroom in the southeastern United States. Participants included the classroom's two (white, female) teachers and a racially diverse group of 12 children between one to 2 years of age. Grounded within an ethics of care theoretical framework, this research was guided by the following research questions: (1) What are teachers' lived experiences of care in this early childhood classroom community? and (2) How do those teachers understand their lived experiences of care? During data revisiting with teachers (Tobin and Hsueh, 2014), the concept of time--and particularly, slowness--emerged as a central connecting theme. The emergence of this central theme led to an overarching theoretically guided analysis of the data, implementing a feminist interpretation of Clark's (2022) articulation of Slow Pedagogy in ECE to understand how slowness--a feminized quality antithetical to the furious pace of neoliberal education--is central to care in this context. In addition, a thematic analysis (Saldaña, 2021) of ethnographic data, including field notes, video, and photos gathered during participant observations, and four semi-structured teacher interviews, produced two foundational themes in teachers' understandings and practices of care: Care as Emotional Presence, and Care as Acknowledgment. Findings introduce the concept of Slow Care, a noveltheorizing of care practices that emphasizes the importance of slow, relationally-guided temporalities, serving to contest and counter the growing neoliberal pressures of efficiency and productivity in early childhood policy and practice.

Present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between self-compassion and psychological hardiness, and psychological well-being among mothers of children with autism. The research design was correlational, and its statistical population sample consisted of 101 mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder. The results of a correlational analysis showed a significant positive relationship between self-compassion and psychological hardiness, and psychological well-being. Multiple regression analysis showed that among the variables of self-compassion and psychological hardiness, the variable of self-compassion had the largest share in predicting the psychological well-being of mothers. Concerning self-compassion, conscious awareness of self-kindness along with psychological hardship could predict the psychological well-being in these groups of mothers, such as raising a child with ASD.

Converging lines of evidence suggest that a feeling of being cared for and cared about is a key element of the feeling of mattering to other people. In the current article, we summarized theoretical observations and the findings of research investigations that indicate that the feeling of being cared about is central to the mattering construct. We then evaluated the role of feeling cared for in an extended six-item General Mattering Scale (GMS-6). A sample of 276 university students completed the GMS-6 and self-report measures of depression and loneliness. Psychometric tests established that a six-item version has one factor and enhanced internal consistency. Correlational analyses confirmed that mattering is associated negatively with depression and loneliness. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the additional focus on feeling cared about predicts unique variance in depression and loneliness beyond the considerable amount of variance predicted by the original GMS. The lack of feeling cared as measured by the GMS-6 was established as especially relevant to loneliness. Our discussion focuses on key directions for future research and for the need for a greater emphasis on caring as part of mattering from a construct validity perspective.

Picturebooks can be an effective resource to provide opportunities for classrooms to engage in community building conversations and activities. Community building mantras have been developed from several picturebooks that are used as a means of implementing the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) components of creating a caring community. The NAEYC components of creating a caring community of learners include: (1) each member of the community is valued by the others, (2) relationships are an important context through which children develop and learn, (3) each member of the community respects and is accountable to the others to behave in a way that is conducive to the learning and well-being of all, (4) practitioners design and maintain the physical environment to protect the health and safety of the learning community members, and (5) practitioners ensure members of the community feel psychologically safe [and] the overall social and emotional climate is positive. Each mantra has been developed from a picturebook and is formulated around a NAEYC component of creating a caring community of learners. The mantras explored are "stand tall", "we are a family", "mistakes are how we learn", "what if everybody did that", and "be a carrot." Book and author information, ideas for community building conversations, and related engaging activities are provided in relation to each mantra.

This study aims to explore reimagined accountability through collective efforts initiated by school leaders and to challenge the fixed notion of accountability prescribed by policy scripts. Drawing on studies highlighting humanizing leadership and the metaphors of "agora" and "bazaar," I investigate how school leaders (re)construct and (re)define meanings of accountability in their daily practices. Using portraiture as research method, I analyze qualitative data collected through observation, interviews, and artifacts in a rural school in the United States, over the course of the 2018-2019 school year. In contrast to prevalent discourses around technical, performance-driven approaches to accountability, the principal and teachers in this portraiture illuminate a culture of accountability deeply rooted in care, respect, and shared responsibility to support students' growth. This accountability space exemplifies student-centeredness, teachers' professional agency, and belonging as community in the daily interactions and symbolic celebrations. I conclude this article by highlighting the importance of leadership in constructing school accountability by offering examples of habits of mind and practice to humanize school education. This research also extends policy enactment studies by exploring accountability portrayed in daily leadership practices.

This article presents a methodological approach to educational psychology research in which researchers engage in collaborative transformations of educational practice while developing theory concerning the societal and scientific relevance of these transformative processes. The theoretical inspiration for this approach stems from German-Scandinavian Critical Psychology, Transformative Activist Stance, and the Change Laboratory Framework -- three research traditions with common roots in cultural-historical psychology and activity theory. Empirically, the article is based on a transformative research collaboration between the author and a 2nd grade teacher at a Danish municipal primary school. The aim was to develop an intervention framework to support the development of cultures of care within communities of children, while simultaneously producing theoretical knowledge about the conditions that enable the development of such cultures within the contradictory and dilemma-filled historical and socio-political context of Danish municipally governed schools. Empirical excerpts show how a novel intervention principle emerged as a synthesis of the researcher and the schoolteacher's respective, seemingly contradictory knowledge contributions. Against a backdrop of historical-institutional analyses, it is argued that this intervention principle represents a novel scope of possibilities for educational professionals struggling to manoeuvre within the various contradictions and common problems inherent to Danish municipally governed schools. In the discussion, it is argued that the transformative approach presented here seems particularly promising for the democratisation of knowledge production. This assertion is supported by a demonstration of how the approach is particularly flexible to continuously integrate critique, contributions, and contestations from co-researchers within educational practice, adults as well as children.

This article presents initiatives undertaken by the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine (GHSM) at King's College London (KCL), exploring avenues to decolonise higher education institutions (HEI). HEI must integrate anti-racism agendas, challenge the European-centric academic knowledge domination, and dismantle power asymmetries. During the academic year 2021, GHSM executed (1) a gap analysis of undergraduate modules, (2) a course on decolonising research methods taught by global scholars to 40 Global South and North university students who completed pre- and post-course surveys, and (3) semi-structured interviews with 11 academics, and a focus group with four students exploring decolonising HEI; findings were thematically analysed. (1) Gap analysis revealed a tokenistic use of Black and minority ethnic and women authors across modules' readings. (2) The post-course survey showed that 68% strongly agreed the course enhanced their decolonisation knowledge. (3) The thematic analysis identified themes: (1) Decolonisation is about challenging colonial legacies, racism, and knowledge production norms. (2) Decolonisation is about care, inclusivity, and compensation. (3) A decolonised curriculum should embed an anti-racism agenda, reflexive pedagogies, and life experiences involving students and communities. (4) HEI are colonial, exclusionary constructs that should shift to transformative and collaborative ways of thinking and knowing. (5) To decolonise research, we must rethink the hierarchy of knowledge production and dissemination and the politics of North-South research collaborations. Decolonising HEI must be placed within a human rights framework. HEI should integrate anti-racism agendas, give prominence to indigenous and marginalised histories and ways of knowing, and create a non-hierarchical educational environment, with students leading the decolonisation process.

As access to private religious education expands through vouchers, public discourse has positioned these schools as politically neutral spaces. Teachers who seek to ethically care for students are thus placed in a predicament. In this article, we present the fictive case study of a middle school teacher in a suburban Catholic school that has accepted vouchers and consequently undergone significant demographic and political shifts. When the teacher makes a curricular decision that responds in caring and critical ways to their students, they face a wave of parental opinions that call their instruction and ethical aims into question.

The COVID-19 pandemic heightened the tensions between rural community needs and politicized state-level school closure mandates. District leaders faced competing demands of meeting the basic needs of vulnerable families, supporting the mental health of students and teachers, protecting the health of all community members, and creating new opportunities for learning. This study examines how rural district leaders responded to these challenges through the lens of caring. This lens highlights how district leaders responded to their contexts, as well as their perceptions of student, family, and staff needs in ethically grounded and politically savvy ways. We draw on semi-structured interviews with 12 rural district leaders in eight districts. District leaders in this study described caring as something that is intentionally enacted and identified several aspects that contributed to a caring district: a welcoming culture, taking an interest in individuals, prioritizing wellbeing, developing relationships, extending empathy and grace for people, and helping individuals see themselves as part of a larger community. Leaders made efforts to set the tone for and model care, build relationships with students, teachers, parents, and community members, and enact servant leadership to support others. We conclude by examining the ways that applying an ethic of care illustrates how leaders identify needs and the strategies they use to respond to those needs in a responsive, place-attuned way.

The hidden or overlooked nature of many of educators' professional activities complicates the already difficult task of supporting educators' labour--in both K-12 and higher education settings. These efforts can be understood as types of "invisible labour." Following PRISMA standards, we conducted a systematic literature review to answer a single research question: "How have scholars framed educators' professional activities in terms of invisible labour?" This systematic review searched 10 educational databases and identified 16 peer-reviewed journal articles spanning 2011-2021. From thematic analysis of these studies, we developed a model of five types of invisibility that intersect and mask educators' professional efforts: background, care, precarious, identity and remote labour. The review also showed several overall themes related to educators' invisible labour, which we discuss in connection to the literature: effort is often semivisible, invisibility is subjective, effort by marginalised educators is often overlooked, labour in unexpected places often means effort is overlooked, and there are layers of factors masking effort. We then discuss implications for practice, starting with five invisible labour questions to prompt reflection, then how to apply invisible labour as an improvement lens for identifying needs, allocating resources, analysing jobs and tasks, and evaluating performance.

Student attrition from STEM disciplines is one of the most pressing issues in higher education. To better understand the causes of this attrition, this study examines STEM students' college experiences and uncovers their perspectives on the existing support systems with a specific focus on the role of academic advising. Our research reveals that students from a particular STEM major identified academic advising as problematic, serving as one of the main factors pushing them out of the major, while the STEM major they transferred to did not have this issue. We examined whether this difference was also evident in the perspectives of the student affairs offices by interviewing academic counselors. This research emphasizes the responsibility of academic counselors in students' decisions to leave STEM majors and the importance of care in their work. The findings suggest a need for STEM departments to re-assess academic advising philosophies and practices while creating more supportive learning environments.

This paper outlines the journey of one Scottish primary school in taking nurturing approaches forward over a 5-year period, with the aims of improving staff understanding of their role and feeling skilled in using nurturing approaches and improving pupil's health and well-being and confidence. Using an action research methodology and the local authority How Nurturing is our school framework (Fife Council Educational Psychology Service, 2022), an audit of current practice was undertaken, and priorities identified at universal, additional and intensive levels were put in place. Evaluation data were gathered in a variety of formats from pupils, staff, and parents. Analysis of the evaluation data indicates that pupils had improved understanding of their emotions and how to manage these, staff were experiencing improved relationships and ethos across the school and parents were happy with the support their children were being offered via the nurturing approaches. There was visible improvement in the physical environments, staff thrived on the personal coaching offered and more nurturing practice could be seen and heard throughout the school. It is concluded that the project has made a sustained impact on the health and well-being of pupils and is now embedded in the school culture.

Building queer allyship is an in-the-making, incomplete, and situated process in and beyond TESOL. In this article, I propose that the concept of "queer allyship" is not a conceptual but practical and calling-for-action approach on an everyday life basis. Queer "a"llyship describes allies who work together to challenge "c"ommon heteronormative and cisgender assumptions of oneself to "t"hink queer and provoke actions in relational "s"ystems of support (ACTS). In this article, I invite the readers to think queer with me about the missing aspect of queer allyship in TESOL, address the importance of doing this work, and offer some queer considerations for teachers and administrators to try in their own spaces. I conclude the article by acknowledging two things. One, everyone can queer their own thinking and actions; therefore, everyone can be queers themselves. Two, doing queer allyship work should not be the sole responsibility of anyone -- it is ecological work, which demands collective and communal care "for and with" all students and teachers.

The concern of this paper is to provide a number of 'seeds' for a reclaiming of art in education by placing emphasis upon art's pedagogy or art's education. The notion of reclaiming does not infer a return to a utopian past or to a halcyon future, but it invokes a reaffirmation of the adventure of events of art practice that can take us beyond ourselves towards new creative assemblages and possibilities for becoming-with. Such reclaiming requires a culture of trust, care and response-ability. In relation to art's pedagogy the paper calls for opening up what is formally recognised as 'practice' in art education to a sensing towards what might be obscured by such recognition and in doing so reshape our ideas and modes of practice.

Some research has shown that using videos in online courses can promote learner's connection to the instructor (Banerjee et al., 2020). This quasi-experimental self-study aimed to explore the impact of brief three-minute instructor-generated videos in twin segments of an online graduate teacher education seminar focused on Globalization, Communities, and Schools. Specifically, we sought to understand the extent to which the insertion of these videos influenced teacher candidates' perceptions of the dynamics of a Community of Inquiry (CoI) and their overall satisfaction as learners. The quantitative analysis of survey data using T-tests showed no statistically significant difference in overall learner satisfaction, social presence, teaching presence, or instructor social presence between the course with and without videos. However, there were significant differences in several individual items within each survey instrument. Student interviews and course evaluation comments were examined for themes revealing the strong presence of the instructor in various ways such as personalized feedback and caring tone. These findings suggest that while the videos may not have a significant impact on overall satisfaction, they do contribute to a more personalized and caring learning environment. Follow-up discussions with the instructor also revealed the reluctance to include short videos was grounded in his fear of inadvertently compromising the accessibility standards he wanted to honor--suggesting a continued need for growth in online instructors' digital competencies and additional research into the perceived obstacles of expanding modalities of online graduate teacher education.

Empathy enables successful communication and connection between teachers and their students, yet few studies have investigated its specific use in teaching singing. Addressing this gap, we interviewed voice teachers to discover how they articulate their pedagogy in terms of empathic practices and observed one-to-one lessons for evidence of the same. A sample of 27 classical and music theater voice teachers in Australia (70% females, 30% males), aged 35 to 75 years old (M = 55) were interviewed. Of this cohort, seven teachers were observed in their one-to-one teaching practices. Interviews and observations were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results indicated that voice teachers tailor their practices to the needs of students and demonstrate characteristics of teacher empathy identified in previous literature: effective communication, positive relationships, care, welcoming learning environment, trust, morality, and listening. Empathic teaching facilitates an individualized approach in which singing students are supported and motivated in their own autonomous learning environment. These findings have implications for voice pedagogy that features the use of empathy to benefit future students.

Research reviewed here reinforces earlier findings about the importance to higher education students of having supportive faculty. A 2022 faculty survey at a public Midwestern university demonstrates faculty awareness of student struggles during the pandemic coupled with a changing, more flexible and caring pedagogy to address student needs. Qualitative interviews in 2023 with students in the "pandemic cohort" suggest a desire for classrooms and student-faculty relationships that are at odds with the bureaucratic model of impersonality, rules and regulations, specialization, and a hierarchy of authority. What may be emerging from the pandemic is a kind of antidote to neoliberalism with an other-regarding rather than individualistic focus and a desire for connection rather than competition. Recommendations, implied by these data, for building these classrooms and supportive relationships and a discussion of the downsides of the "new normal" are presented.