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Objective: To explore the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) combined with cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training on exercise endurance, cardiopulmonary function and psychological stress in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods: A total of 132 patients with chronic heart failure were divided into the study group (66 cases received MBSR combined with cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training) and the control group (66 cases received routine cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training), and they were intervened for 6 weeks.exercise endurance [6 min walk test (6 MWT)], cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and psychological stress related index [Hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA), Self-perceived Burden Scale (SPBS)] of patients in the two groups were compared. Results: Post-intervention, the 6 MWT of the two groups was higher than that pre-intervention, and that of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Post-intervention, the anaerobic threshold (AT), maximal oxygen volume (VO2max), peak oxygen pulse (O2pulse) and maximal ventilation volume (MVV) measured by CPET in the two groups increased compared those pre-intervention, and those in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Post-intervention, the scores of HAMD, HAMA and SPBS in the two groups were lower than those pre-intervention, and those in the study group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: MBSR combined with cardiopulmonary function rehabilitation training intervention can significantly improve the exercise endurance and cardiopulmonary function of patients with chronic heart failure, and reduce the psychological stress of patients, which is worthy of clinical reference and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is difficult to achieve satisfactory results only with general drug therapy in clinic. The optimized comprehensive exercise prescription is a scientific intervention that has been used in the past in the care of chronic patients. However, the effectiveness of this intervention in patients with AECOPD has been rarely reported. Objective: To explore the effect of optimized comprehensive exercise prescription on rehabilitation effect, cardiopulmonary function, and short-term prognosis of patients with AECOPD. Methods: During February 2019 to August 2022, 140 patients with AECOPD cured in our hospital were randomly classified into control group (n=70) and study group (n=70). A routine intervention was provided to the control group, while a comprehensive exercise prescription intervention was provided to the study group. The efficacy of the different interventions, pulmonary function, life quality, severity of dyspnea, improvement of exercise ability and blood gas analysis were compared. Results: In the control and study groups, the total effective rate was 65.71% and 90.00% respectively. A better intervention efficacy was observed in the study group (P<0.05). The forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), the expiratory flow at forced exhalation of 25%/75% vital capacity (FEF25%-75%) and the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) in the study group after the different interventions were higher (P<0.05). After the intervention, the St. George respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) of patients lessened, and the SGRQ scores in the study group were lower (P<0.05). After the intervention, the dyspnea score lessened, and the dyspnea score of the study group was lower (P<0.05). After the intervention, the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) of patients elevated, and the 6MWD in the study group was higher (P<0.05). After the intervention, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) elevated and the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) lessened. The PaCO2 in the study group was lower, and PaO2 was higher (P<0.05). Conclusion: Optimized comprehensive exercise prescription can remarkably improve the exercise ability and life quality of patients with acute exacerbation of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the meanwhile, it can also enhance the cardiopulmonary function of patients, improve short-term prognosis, and achieve good rehabilitation outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Long COVID-19 is characterized by systemic deterioration of the entire body, leading to significant physical and mental disorders. Exercise training has the potential to improve persistent symptoms and cardiopulmonary functions. Method This was a single-center, randomized, controlled trial. Twenty-four patients aged 18 to 75 years who had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and long COVID symptoms. Patients were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a 4-week exercise training program or an attention control group. The training group participated in 12 supervised aerobic sessions on a cycling ergometer over 4 weeks. The outcomes were to assess the impact of a 4-week aerobic exercise on the persistent symptoms and cardiopulmonary fitness, the surrogate endpoints of COVID-19 recovery and cardiopulmonary health. Results After the 4-week intervention, significant reductions were observed in the total number of symptoms in the training group. Specifically, 67.8% of patients in the training group exhibited reduced or completely resolved symptoms, in comparison to 16.7% in the control group (P = 0.013). After adjusting for gender, significant improvements in the training group were observed for exercise time (P group*time = 0.028), maximum load (P group*time = 0.01), and peak VO2 (P group*time = 0.001), as well as O2 pulse (P group*time = 0.042) and maximum heart rate (P group*time = 0.007). The score of Short Form-12, depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and insomnia did not show significant changes between groups (P group*time > 0.05). Conclusion A supervised aerobic training program has the potential to alleviate persistent symptoms and improve exercise tolerance in patients with long COVID-19. Further research is necessary to confirm these effects in a large population. This intervention could be easily implemented in non-hospital settings, potentially benefiting a broader range of individuals. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05961462. Registered on July 25, 2023.

Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of breathing exercises on cardiopulmonary function, exercise endurance and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods Computerized searches of CNKl, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, EBSCO, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, SinoMed, and other databases were conducted to retrieve information on the effects of cardiopulmonary function, exercise tolerance, and quality of life in patients with CHF from inception to December 2023 in a series of randomized controlled trials (RCT). Two researchers independently performed literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation. Finally, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5. 4 software. Pulmonary function indexes included peak oxygen uptake (PeakVO2) and carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent slope (VE/VCO2 slope). Cardiac function indexes included left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP). PeakVO2 and six min walking test (6MWT) were used to evaluate exercise tolerance. Minnesota heart failure quality of life scale (MLHFQ) was used to evaluate quality of life. Results A total of 13 RCTs literature involving 900 patients were included. Compaired with control group, the descriptive results showed that breathing exercises of obviouse group significantly enhanced PeakVO2 [standardized mean deviation (SMD) =0. 47, 95% confidence internal (95%CI) 0.03-0.91, P=0. 04], VE/VCO2 [mean difference (MD) =-3. 20, 95%CI-4.49--1.19, P＜0.001], improved NT-proBNP (MD=-134. 25, 95%CI-141.95--126. 56, P＜0.001), LVEF (SMD=0.53, 95%CI 0. 16-0. 90, P=0.005), 6MWT (MD=77.71, 95%CI 69.50-85.92, P＜0.001), MLHFQ (MD=-7.68, 95%CI-8.99--6.37, P＜0. 001). Conclusion Breathing exercises can significantly increase lung function and exercise tolerance in patients with CHF, and improve cardiac function and quality of life of them to a certain extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of different intensity aerobic exercise on cardiopulmonary function, vascular endothelial function and quality of life in patients with cardiac dyfunction (CD) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in order to provide guidance for clinical intervention of CD after AMI. Methods: A total of 135 patients with CD after AMI admitted to our hospital from May 2022 to May 2023 were selected for prospective study, and divided into group A (n = 45), group B (n = 45) and group C (n = 45) by random number table method. Group A received conventional treatment, and group B received moderate intensity aerobic exercise on the basis of group A. Group C performed high intensity intermittent aerobic exercise on the basis of group A, and compared the cardiac function index, lung function, vascular endothelial function and quality of life of the three groups. Results: After intervention, left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVESD) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) in the three groups were decreased (P < 0.05) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was increased (P < 0.05), LVESD and LVEDD in groups B and C were lower than those in group A (P < 0.05) and LVEF was higher (P < 0.05), LVESD and LVEDD of group C were lower than those of group B (P < 0.05) and the LVEF of group C was higher than that of group B(P < 0.05) After the intervention, the forced vital capacity (FVC), the forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV₁)/FVC (FEV1/FVC), and the maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) in the three groups were increased (P < 0.05) and those in groups B and C were higher than those in group A(P < 0.05) and those in group C were higher than those in group B (P < 0.05) After intervention, endothelin-1 (ET-1) decreased in the three groups (P < 0.05) nitric oxide (NO), endothelium mediated flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin mediated nitroglycerin-mediated dilation(NMD) increased (P < 0.05), and ET-1 in groups B and C was lower than that in group A (P < 0.05) NO, FMD and NMD were higher (P < 0.05) ET-1 in group C was lower than that in group B (P < 0.05) and NO, FMD and NMD were higher (P < 0.05) After the intervention, the score of Seattle Angina Questionnaire(SAQ) in the three groups was increased (P < 0.05) and the score in group B and C was higher than that in group A (P < 0.05), and the score in group C was higher than that in group B (P < 0.05) Conclusion: The effect of high intensity intermittent aerobic exercise in CD patients after AMI is good, which can effectively improve the cardiopulmonary function, vascular endothelial function, and improve the quality of life, which is worthy of clinical reference and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pectus excavatum (PE) is a common congenital chest wall deformity with various associated health concerns, including psychosocial impacts, academic challenges, and potential cardiopulmonary effects. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the cardiac consequences of right atrioventricular groove compression in PE using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 661 patients with PE referred for evaluation. Patients were categorized into three groups based on the degree of right atrioventricular groove compression (no compression (NC), partial compression (PC), and complete compression(CC)). Chest wall indices were measured: pectus index (PI), depression index (DI), correction index (CI), and sternal torsion. Results: The study revealed significant differences in chest wall indices between the groups: PE, NC=4.15 ± 0.94, PC=4.93 ± 1.24, and CC=7.2 ± 4.01 (P<0.0001). Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) showed no significant differences: LVEF, NC=58.72% ± 3.94, PC=58.49% ± 4.02, and CC=57.95% ± 3.92 (P=0.0984). Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) demonstrated significant differences: RVEF, NC=55.2% ± 5.3, PC=53.8% ± 4.4, and CC=53.1% ± 4.8 (P≥0.0001). Notably, the tricuspid valve (TV) measurement on the four-chamber view decreased in patients with greater compression: NC=29.52 ± 4.6; PC=28.26 ± 4.8; and CC=24.74 ± 5.73 (P<0.0001). Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the cardiac consequences of right atrioventricular groove compression in PE and lends further evidence of mild cardiac changes due to PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on Peak VO2 (Oxygen Consumption) in postoperative patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Besides this, we also tried to discover whether the improvement was influenced by patient ages, modes of supervision, types of exercise, the total dose of exercise, intervention periods, and types of CHD. Methods: Following the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome Study Design (PICOS) principle, a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the intervention effects of aerobic exercise on cardiopulmonary function in postoperative CHD patients until December 2023. This meta-analysis and publication bias tests were conducted using Stata 17.0, and the mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as effect sizes in statistics. Results: A total of 15 RCTs (762 cases) were included in this meta-analysis, with 407 cases in the experimental group and 355 cases in the control group. Meta-analysis showed that aerobic exercise had a positive effect on Peak VO2 in postoperative CHD patients (MD = 2.14, 95% CI (1.34, 2.94), p < 0.00001, I² = 36%). The analysis of subgroups showed that intervention effects of aerobic exercise were superior to the control group when patients were >18 years old (MD = 2.53, p < 0.00001), ≤18 years old (MD = 1.63, p = 0.01), under supervision (MD = 2.23, p < 0.00001), unsupervised (MD = 2.06, p < 0.00400), performing aerobic exercise (MD = 1.87, p = 0.0003), performing aerobic exercise combined with resistance training (MD = 2.57, p < 0.00010), with a total dose of exercise ≥1440 minutes (MD = 2.45, p < 0.00010), with the intervention period of 10–12 weeks (MD = 2.31, p < 0.00001), with that >12 weeks (MD = 1.97, p = 0.00300), or with mixed types of CHD (MD = 2.34, p < 0.00001). Conclusions: This meta-analysis did not deduct points for limitations, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, or publication bias, so the quality of evidence was graded as high. Aerobic exercise has a significantly positive impact on improving Peak VO2 in postoperative CHD patients. Moreover, it was found that for patients aged 18 and above, supervised aerobic exercise combined with resistance training, implemented for 10–12 weeks with a total dose of exercise ≥1440 minutes, had a better intervention effect on Peak VO2. This finding provided evidence-based medicine for the exercise rehabilitation of postoperative CHD patients, and explored the optimal exercise prescription for clinical practice as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

on postoperative recovery in elderly patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and its impact on collateral circulation and endothelial function. Methods A total of 208 elderly CAD patients treated with PCI from January to December, 2021 were randomly divided into two groups: control group (48 patients) receiving routine nursing care combined with ECP, and observation group (48 patients) receiving aerobic rehabilitation training combined with ECP. Cardiopulmonary function indicators, endothelial function, collateral circulation, exercise tolerance indicators, and quality of life were assessed before and after the intervention. Results After 3 months of intervention, the observation group showed significant improvements in cardiopulmonary funetion indicators such as sub-threshold metabolic equivalents, peak oxygen uptake, peak oxygen pulse, and sub-threshold metabolic equivalents compared to the control group (P<0.05). The observation group also demonstrated higher values in heart function indicators such as left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac output, and maximum heart rate (P<0.05). Endothelial function indicators, including flow mediated brachial artery endothelium-dependent dilation and brachial artery endothelium independent dilation, and collateral circulation scores were significantly better in the observation group (P<0.05). The observation group exhibited lower scores in exercise tolerance indicators like heart rate - blood pressure product, perceived fatigue grade, and Borg scale, and had longer exercise duration (P<0.05). The quality of life scores were also significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Aerobic rehabilitation training combined with ECP for elderly CAD patients post-PCI significantly enhances recovery of cardiopulmonary function, improves cardiac collateral circulation and endothelial function, boosts exercise tolerance, and elevates quality of life. This effective rehabilitation approach has significant clinical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is reported to have early‐phase and delayed‐phase organ‐protective effects. Previous studies have focused on the organ protection of a single RIPC protocol, and the clinical outcomes remain uncertain. Whether the modified RIPC (mRIPC) protocol performed repeatedly provides cardiopulmonary protection is still uncertain. Methods: In this single‐center, randomized, controlled trial, 86 patients undergoing elective mitral valve replacement (MVR) surgery were randomized 1:1 to receive either mRIPC or no ischemic preconditioning (control). Three cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion induced by a blood pressure cuff served as the RIPC stimulus. mRIPC was induced at the following three time points: 24 h, 12 h, and 1 h before surgery. Blood samples were withdrawn at 10 min after intubation (T0), at 1 h after aortic declamping (T1), and at 6 h (T2), 12 h (T3), and 24 h (T4) after surgery to measure the serum concentrations of myocardial enzymes and other biomarkers, including cardiac troponin I (cTnI), which was the primary endpoint of this study. Creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK‐MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), inotropic score (IS), and inflammatory mediators were also measured. Blood gas analysis was conducted to calculate the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and A‐aDO2, and the incidence of acute lung injury (ALI) was also recorded. Results: mRIPC significantly decreased the serum concentrations of cTnI, CK‐MB, and LDH at T2, T3, and T4 (p < 0.01), and the IS decreased compared with that in the control group (12.0 ± 1.0 vs. 14.2 ± 1.1, p < 0.01). In addition, the incidence of ALI in the mRIPC group was decreased (32.6% vs. 51.2%, p = 0.039), and the PaO2/FiO2 was higher at T4 (p < 0.05). Compared with those in the control group, the levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were decreased at T1, T2, T3, and T4 (p < 0.05) in the mRIPC group, and the level of IL‐10 increased at the same time. Conclusions: mRIPC decreased the incidence of myocardial and lung injury in MVR surgery, providing new evidence for the clinical application of RIPC in valve surgery. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01406678). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates whether exercise as a strategy for improving physical fitness at sea level also offers comparable benefits in the unique context of high altitudes (HA), considering the physiological challenges of hypoxic conditions. Overall, 121 lowlanders who had lived on the Tibetan Plateau for >2 years and were still living at HA during the measurements were randomly classified into four groups. Each individual of the low‐intensity (LI), moderate‐intensity (MI), and high‐intensity (HI) groups performed 20 sessions of aerobic exercise at HA (3680 m) over 4 weeks, while the control group (CG) did not undergo any intervention. Physiological responses before and after the intervention were observed. The LI and MI groups experienced significant improvement in cardiopulmonary fitness (0.27 and 0.35 L/min increases in peak oxygen uptake [V˙ $\dot{\mathrm{V}}$O2peak], both p < 0.05) after exercise intervention, while the hematocrit (HCT) remained unchanged (p > 0.05). However, HI exercise was less efficient for cardiopulmonary fitness of lowlanders (0.02 L/min decrease in V˙ $\dot{\mathrm{V}}$O2peak, p > 0.05), whereas both the HCT (1.74 %, p < 0.001) and glomerular filtration rate (18.41 mL/min, p < 0.001) increased with HI intervention. Therefore, LI and MI aerobic exercise, rather than HI, can help lowlanders in Tibet become more acclimated to the HA by increasing cardiopulmonary function and counteracting erythrocytosis. Highlights: Low‐ and moderate‐intensity exercise at HA can improve oxygen transport of lowlanders that may help them to become more acclimated to high altitude.High‐intensity exercise performed by lowlanders may result in erythrocytosis without improving oxygen transport.The relationship between physiological system changes induced by exercise performed at HA is modulated by exercise intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In a prospective, randomized, controlled crossover study, we explored the effects of acute intermittent hypoxia and acute continuous hypoxia on patients with mild–moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Over three single‐night sessions, subjects were alternately exposed to normoxia, acute continuous hypoxia and acute intermittent hypoxia before sleep. The apnea–hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index were used to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea and evaluate efficacy. A responder was defined as a participant with a ≥ 50% reduction in apnea–hypopnea index between normoxia and hypoxia exposure. Sixteen participants with mild–moderate obstructive sleep apnea completed the study. Compared with normoxia, the mean apnea–hypopnea index decreased by 8.9 events per hr (95% confidence interval, 4.2–13.6, p = 0.001) with acute intermittent hypoxia and by 4.1 events per hr (95% confidence interval, 0.5–8.8, p = 0.082) with acute continuous hypoxia, equating to a mean decrease in apnea–hypopnea index of 4.8 events per hr (95% confidence interval, 0.1–9.5, p = 0.046) with acute intermittent hypoxia compared with acute continuous hypoxia. Compared with normoxia, the mean oxygen desaturation index decreased by 9.8 events per hr (95% confidence interval, 4.4–15.1, p = 0.001) with acute intermittent hypoxia but did not significantly decrease with acute continuous hypoxia; the mean oxygen desaturation index decreased by 7.2 events per hr (95% confidence interval, 1.8–12.6, p = 0.010) with acute intermittent hypoxia compared with acute continuous hypoxia. Of the 16 participants, 11 responded to acute intermittent hypoxia and four responded to acute continuous hypoxia (p = 0.032), of whom eight of 11 cases and all four cases had oxygen desaturation indexes <5 events per hr, respectively (p = 0.273). All participants tolerated acute intermittent hypoxia and there were no obvious adverse events during acute intermittent hypoxia exposure. In conclusion, acute intermittent hypoxia exposure improved apnea–hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index in patients with mild–moderate obstructive sleep apnea, suggesting that further prospective validation of intermittent hypoxia exposure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea is needed to establish its clinical feasibility as a therapeutic modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundPulmonary rehabilitation is considered beneficial for patients undergoing lung surgery, yet its specific impacts on exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQL), and cardiopulmonary function require further elucidation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PR on these outcomes in patients undergoing lung surgery using a retrospective propensity score-matched analysis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 420 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent lung surgery from January 2022 to May 2024. Among these, 84 patients received PR while 336 did not (control group). Propensity score matching (PSM) at a 1:1 ratio yielded 46 patients in each group. Baseline characteristics, spirometry, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, respiratory muscle strength, HRQL, and muscle measurements were assessed pre-and post-surgery.ResultsBefore PSM, significant differences existed between groups, with the PR group being older and having different pulmonary function baselines. After PSM, groups were well-balanced. Postoperatively, the PR group showed significant improvements in FEV1/FVC (64.17% vs. 50.87%, p

High intensity interval training (HIIT) is now a very exercise attention by society, scholars from all over the world have to look into the training methods. At present, most studies on HIIT in the market compare it with moderate intensity continuous aerobic exercise. From another perspective, this study compares HIIT training with typical Repetition Training (RT) in strength training to study the changes of cardiopulmonary function indicators in adolescents. The aim is to find a more suitable and efficient way for youth sports training, so as to improve their physical fitness level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study explored the use of transthoracic lung ultrasound for evaluating COVID‐19 patients, compared it with computed tomography (CT), and examined its effectiveness using 8 and 12 lung regions. Methods: A total of 100 patients with COVID‐19 and 40 healthy volunteers were assessed using 12 regions (bilateral upper/lower regions of the anterior/lateral/posterior chest) and simplified 8 zones (bilateral upper/lower regions of the anterior/lateral chest) transthoracic lung ultrasound. The relationships between ultrasound, CT, and clinical indicators were analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasound scores in COVID‐19. Results: Increased disease severity correlated with increased 8‐ and 12‐zone ultrasound and CT scores (all p < 0.05). The modified 8‐zone method strongly correlated with the 12‐zone method (Pearson's r = 0.908, p < 0.05). The 8‐ and 12‐zone methods correlated with CT scoring (correlation = 0.568 and 0.635, respectively; p < 0.05). The intragroup correlation coefficients of the 8‐zone, 12‐zone, and CT scoring methods were highly consistent (intragroup correlation coefficient = 0.718, p < 0.01). The 8‐zone ultrasound score correlated negatively with oxygen saturation (rs = 0.306, p < 0.05) and Ca (rs = 0.224, p < 0.05) and positively with IL‐6 (rs = 0.0.335, p < 0.05), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (rs = 0.327, p < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (rs = 0.230, p < 0.05), and aspartate aminotransferase (rs = 0.251, p < 0.05). The 12‐zone scoring method correlated negatively with oxygen saturation (rs = 0.338, p < 0.05) and Ca (rs = 0.245, p < 0.05) and positively with IL‐6 (rs = 0.354, p < 0.05) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (rs = 0.495, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Lung ultrasound scores represent the clinical severity and have high clinical value for diagnosing COVID‐19 pneumonia. The 8‐zone scoring method can improve examination efficiency and reduce secondary injuries caused by patient movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND: Dynamic hyperinflation (DH) is a major pathophysiology of COPD that is directly related to dyspnea and exercise intolerance. Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) might reduce DH and dyspnea during exercise, but at present, there is insufficient evidence to conclude whether it is beneficial for DH, dyspnea, and exercise capacity in COPD. METHODS: A randomized crossover trial with concealed allocation was conducted in 37 moderate to very severe subjects with COPD (34 males, age 66.6 ± 7.4 y, FEV1% of predicted 56.3 ± 13.7). The experimental condition was conical-PEP breathing with a PEP of around 5 cm H2O during a spot marching exercise at a constant speed, inducing 71 6 9% age-predicted maximum heart rate to symptom limit or 25 min. The control condition was usual breathing. Exercise endurance time and end-exercise symptoms were recorded. Inspiratory capacity (IC) was measured pre-exercise and immediately post exercise. Cardiopulmonary function and breathlessness were monitored throughout the test and after 10 min of recovery. RESULTS: There were no complications or adverse effects during exercise with a conical-PEP mask. Conical-PEP showed longer exercise times than control (median 11.0 [interquartile range 7.7-17.0] min vs 8 [6.0-11.5] min, respectively, P < .001). Most stopped exercising because of breathlessness and leg fatigue. At the end of exercise, IC and breathlessness showed non-significant differences between the conditions, but breathlessness was significantly lower in conical-PEP (median 4 [1.5-5.0] than control 5 [3-6] on Borg scale at isotime for control [8 min]). CONCLUSIONS: Breathing with a 5 cm H2O conical-PEP mask improved exercise time (median 27.1% [0.6-52.9]) in subjects with COPD. The improvement in exercise with the conical-PEP mask was associated with slower development of breathlessness, possibly due to delays in DH development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although some studies have shown that exercise has a good effect on improving the cardiopulmonary function of stroke patients, it still needs to be determined which exercise method does this more effectively. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different exercise methods in improving cardiovascular function in stroke patients through a network meta-analysis (NMA), providing a basis to select the best treatment plan for stroke patients. Methods: We systematically searched CNKI, WanFang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases from establishment to 30 April 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) on exercise improving cardiopulmonary function in stroke patients were included, and we screened the included articles and extracted the relevant data. RevMan (version 5.4) and Stata (version 17.0) were used for data analysis. Results: We included 35 RCTs and a total of 2,008 subjects. Intervention measures included high-intensity interval training (HIIT), aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), combined aerobic and resistance exercise (CE), and conventional therapy (CT). In the network meta-analysis, the surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) ranking result indicated that HIIT improved peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and 6 mins walking distance (6MWD) optimally, with rankings of HIIT (100.0%) > CE (70.5%) > AT (50.2%) > RT (27.7%) > CT (1.6%), and HIIT (90.9%) > RT (60.6%) > AT (48.9%) > RT (48.1%) > CT (1.5%), respectively. The SUCRA ranking result showed that CE improved systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) optimally, with rankings of CE (82.1%) > HIIT (49.8%) > AT (35.3%) > CT (32.8%), and CE (86.7%) > AT (45.0%) > HIIT (39.5%) > CT (28.8%), respectively. Conclusion: We showed that exercise can effectively improve the cardiopulmonary function of stroke patients. HIIT was the most effective in improving VO2peak and 6MWD in stroke patients. CE was the most effective in improving SBP and DBP in stroke patients. However, due to the limitations of existing clinical studies and evidence, larger sample size, multi-center, and high-quality RCTs are needed to verify the above conclusions in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an exacerbated prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vascular dysfunction, characterized by impaired endothelial function and arterial stiffness, and markedly low cardiorespiratory fitness levels are hallmark manifestations of the disease that contribute to the CVD burden. Despite advancements in blood pressure and lipid lowering pharmacological therapies, CVD remains markedly prevalent across the spectrum of CKD. This highlights a stagnation in effective clinical strategies to improve cardiovascular health and reinforces the critical need for adjuvant lifestyle strategies such as physical activity and exercise training to be incorporated into routine clinical care. This narrative review provides an overview of the known effects of exercise on vascular and cardiopulmonary function across the spectrum of CKD. The physiological mechanisms of vascular dysfunction that serve as exercise-specific therapeutic targets are highlighted and future perspectives are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: College students are the future of a nation; education community needs to prioritize students' health issues. Method: This article compares the measurement data of cardiovascular function, bone density, body composition, and physical fitness between female college students in the exercise group and the control group before and after 12 weeks, in order to explore the impact of basketball on human morphology and physiological function. This can provide more methods and scientific basis for students to enhance their physical fitness and promote physical health. Results: The exercise group's lung capacity after the experiment was 2517ml, and the control group's lung capacity after the experiment was 2357ml. Conclusion: This article has important practical significance in promoting the improvement of college students' physical fitness, and can also provide reference for ordinary higher education institutions to offer various sports courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to explore the dose–response relationship of aerobic exercise or aerobic combined resistance exercise on cardiopulmonary function in maintenance hemodialysis（MHD）, with the goal of aiding in the formulation of precise exercise prescriptions. Methods: A literature search up to August 18, 2023, was conducted in databases including Web of Science, among others, focusing on the effects of exercise interventions on cardiopulmonary function in hemodialysis patients.Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and an assessment of study methodology quality. A dose–response meta-analysis was carried out using a one-stage cubic spline mixed-effects model, followed by stratified analyses based on intervention period, intervention method, and exercise environment. Results: A nonlinear dose–response relationship was observed between exercise and 6-minute walk test (6WMT) as well as peak oxygen uptake (VO2Peak) in hemodialysis patients. The optimal exercise dose for the 6WMT across the full exposure range was 922 METs-min/week, with VO2Peak increasing with the dose. The effects were influenced by the type of exercise, intervention period, and exercise environment. An exercise dose of 500 METs-min/week and 619 METs-min/week was found sufficient to achieve the minimal clinically important differences (MCID) for 6WMT and VO2Peak, respectively. Conclusion: There is a significant association between the dose of exercise and its effects. With appropriate adjustment of variables, even low-dose exercise can lead to clinically significant improvements in cardiopulmonary function.

Objective To dectect six-minute walking distance (6MWD) of patients with multimorbidity by an intelligent six-minute walking test (6MWT) device, and to investigate the correlation of 6MWD with lung function, quality of life, and clinical indicators. Methods A total of 138 patients with multimorbidity who were hospitalized in the General Practice Department of Peking University Third Hospital from January to December 2022 were selected. 6MWT was conducted in patients, and pulmonary function before and after the test was measured, and the general data, height, weight, blood routine ［white blood cell (WBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (PLT) count］, liver function ［albumin (ALB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)］, renal function ［creatine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA)］, carbohydrate metabolism indicators ［fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)］, blood lipids ［total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)］, echocardiographic indicators ［left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LAD), E peak, A peak, left ventricular ejection fraction］ and SF-36 scores were collected. The correlations between 6MWD and the above indicators were analyzed. Results Among the 138 patients, 58, 47, 23, and 10 patients coexisted with 2, 3, 4, 5 diseases respectively. 6MWD was positively correlated with height, pre- and post-test pulmonary function ［forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC］, physical function, role-physical, Hb, ALT, LDL-C (P＜0.05), and negatively correlated with age, FPG, HbA1c, and A-peak (P＜0.05). Conclusion 6MWD is correlated with cardiovascular function and quality of life in patients with multimorbidity, and can play an important role in evaluating and monitoring the overall function of patients with multimorbidity.

Background: Requirements of blood transfusions rise rapidly in China. Improving the efficiency of blood donation could help maintaining sufficient blood supplement. We conducted a pilot research to investigate the reliability and safety of collecting more units of red blood cell by apheresis. Methods: Thirty‐two healthy male volunteers were randomized into two groups: red blood cell apheresis (RA) (n = 16) and whole blood (WB) donation (n = 16). RA group donated individualized RBC volumes by apheresis according to the volunteers' basal total blood volumes and haematocrit levels, WB group donated 400 mL whole blood. All volunteers were scheduled seven visit times in 8 weeks' study period. The cardiovascular functions were assessed by laboratory examinations, echocardiography and cardiopulmonary functional tests. All results were compared between groups at the same visit time and compared between visit 1(before donation) and other visit times within the same group. Results: The average donated RBC volume in RA group and in WB group was 627.25 ± 109.74 mL and 175.28 ± 8.85 mL, respectively(p < 0.05); the RBC, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels changed significantly between times and between groups (p < 0.05). Cardiac biomarker levels such as NT‐proBNP, hs‐TnT and CK‐MB did not change significantly between times or between groups (p > 0.05). The echocardiographic and cardiopulmonary results did not change significantly between times or between groups during the whole study period(p > 0.05). Conclusions: We provided an efficient and secure method for RBC apheresis. By harvesting more RBC volumes at one single‐time, the cardiovascular functions did not change significantly compared with traditional whole blood donation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal changes in cardiopulmonary function (CPF) and identify predictors of cardiopulmonary recovery failure after lung cancer surgery. Methods: Data was obtained from a prospective CATCH‐LUNG cohort study, where patients were divided into two groups based on 6‐min walk distance (6MWD) at baseline and 6 months after surgery. CPF recovery failure was defined as a participant whose 6MWD dropped over 50 m from baseline to 6 months after surgery. Patients with a baseline 6MWD less than 400 m were excluded. The analysis was investigated using mixed effects models, and the relative estimates for the predictors were expressed relative risk (RR) and 95% CI using a Poisson regression. Results: Among 419 patients, 24.1% and 17.7% showed failure of CPF recovery at 6 months and 1 year after surgery, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, baseline step count [RR per 1000 steps lower = 1.05 (95% CI, 1.01–1.09)], baseline dyspnoea [RR per 10 points higher = 1.15(1.07–1.23)], decreased FEV1% predicted from baseline to 2 weeks after surgery [RR per 10% lower = 1.30(1.10–1.53)] and decreased moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) from baseline to 2 weeks [RR = 1.95(1.22, 3.11)] or persistent low MVPA at baseline and 2 weeks after surgery [RR = 1.63(1.04, 2.54)] were significant factors for loss of CPF. Conclusion: The inability to recover CPF at 6 months after surgery was linked to reduction of lung function and MVPA from baseline to 2 weeks as well as baseline physical activity (PA) and dyspnoea. These results imply that engagement of perioperative PA is necessary to facilitate recovery of CPF after lung cancer surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiopulmonary function is a powerful indicator of overall health and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality. Exercise is an important non-pharmacological treatment modality in the prevention and management of hypertension, primarily including continuous aerobic exercise, high-intensity interval training, and resistance exercise. Different exercise patterns not only contribute to blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients, but also effectively improve cardiopulmonary function. This article provides a review of the impact of various exercise modalities, particularly aerobic exercise, on the cardiopulmonary function of hypertensive patients, aiming to offer assistance in formulating scientific exercise intervention strategies for individuals with hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the rate pressure product (RPP) and cardiopulmonary function during hospitalization in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A total of 362 patients with AMI were selected for the study, and the median admission RPP was used as the cutoff point to divide the patients into a low-RPP group (n = 181) and a high-RPP group (n = 181). The relationship between the RPP at admission and the cardiopulmonary function during hospitalization was analyzed. The patients in the high-RPP group had a higher body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.014), a higher prevalence of combined hypertension and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), a lower incidence of smoking (p = 0.044), and a higher incidence of oscillatory ventilation (6.1% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.029). The differences in RPP at rest, during warm-up, and within 1 and 4 minutes of recovery were statistically significant between the two groups (p < 0.01 on each occasion), while the differences in anaerobic threshold (AT) and watt max (Max) were not statistically significant (p > 0.05 for both). The patients in the low-RPP group had higher oxygen uptake (VO2 [AT]: 14.9 ± 3.4 vs. 14.2 ± 3.6, p = 0.048) and (VO2peak [Max]:18.2 ± 3.8 vs. 17.3 ± 3.8, p = 0.020). The RPP at admission was negatively correlated with VO2 (AT) and VO2peak (p < 0.05) using the regression Equation VO2peak = 33.682 + (−0.012 * RPP at admission/100) + (−0.105 * Age) + (−0.350 * BMI), while there was no correlation between the RPP at admission and VO2 (AT) (p = 0.149). The RPP at admission was negatively correlated with cardiopulmonary function during hospitalization in patients with AMI. Patients with a high RPP were more likely to have a combination of obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and reduced oxygen uptake during exercise, while a high RPP at admission appeared to affect their cardiovascular response indicators during exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was implemented to define the regulatory mechanism of the circularHIPK3 (circHIPK3)/microRNA-106a-5p (miR-106a-5p)/rho-associated kinases 2 (ROCK2) axis in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and cardiopulmonary function. Sepsis mouse models were established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). circHIPK3, miR-106a-5p and ROCK2 expression levels in kidney, heart and lung tissues were assessed. The cardiac function, lung wet/dry weight ratio, and Evans blue dye leakage were assessed. Serum markers of myocardial injury, serum markers of kidney injury, as well as serum inflammatory cytokines were assessed. The histopathological changes of heart, lung, and kidney tissues were observed. Moreover, correlations of miR-106a-5p, ROCK2, and circHIPK3 were verified. In CLP mice after down-regulating circHIPK3 or up-regulating miR-106a-5p, there were increased LVEF and LVFS and decreased LVESD and LVEDD, serum cTnI and CK-MB levels, lung wet/dry weight ratio, Evans blue dye leakage, serum creatinine, BUN and NGAL levels, serum IL-6, TNF and MCP-1 levels, and reduced heart, lung and liver injury in CLP mice. circHIPK3 bound to miR-106a-5p, and miR-106a-5p downregulated ROCK2 expression. miR-106a-5p inhibition or ROCK2 overexpression reversed the delaying effects of circHIPK3 interference. circHIPK3 aggravates sepsis-induced AKI and cardiopulmonary function via sponging miR-106a-5p and promoting ROCK2 expression. [Display omitted] • circHIPK3 and ROCK2 are up-regulated, and miR-106a-5p is down-regulated in sepsis. • Reduced circHIPK3 alleviates sepsis-induced AKI and cardio-pulmonary function. • circHIPK3 promotes ROCK2 expression by sponging miR-106a-5p. • Reducing miR-106a-5p/increasing ROCK2 reverses circHIPK3 effects on sepsis. • It offers a basis for studying circHIPK3/miR-106a-5p /ROCK2 axis in sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Valvular heart disease (VHD) is a type of cardiovascular disease with abnormal heart valve structure and/or function and a rapidly growing cause of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Physical inactivity is a problem for patients with VHD, especially after surgery. However, there is no data on the effects of exercise on VHD from large multicentre randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive analysis of small RCTs to evaluate the effects of exercise on cardiopulmonary function in patients with VHD and provide an evidence-based medicine basis for developing and guiding the clinical application of exercise in patients with VHD. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. We systematically searched electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], China Science and Technology Journal Database [VIP], WanFang Database, and SinoMed [CBM]) for all studies on exercise and VHD from their inception to January 2023. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The primary outcomes were the six-minute walk test distance (6MWD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and short-form 36-item health survey (SF-36). Results: This systematic review included 22 RCTs with 1520 subjects (869 men and 651 women). The meta-analysis results showed that exercise significantly improved exercise capacity measured by the 6MWD (mean difference [MD] = 25.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 19.98–31.11, I 2 = 0%, p < 0.00001), LVEF (MD = 6.20, 95% CI = 4.76–7.65, I ² = 66%, p < 0.00001), and quality of life measured by the SF-36 (physical function: MD = 3.42, 95% CI = 2.12– 4.72, I ² = 12%, p < 0.00001; mental health: MD = 3.86, 95% CI = 0.52–7.20, I ² = 68%, p = 0.020; social function: MD = 2.30, 95% CI = 0.64–3.97, I ² = 45%, p = 0.007; bodily pain: MD = 2.60, 95% CI = 0.83–4.37, I ² = 22%, p = 0.004) in patients with VHD compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: This study suggests that exercise can significantly improve cardiopulmonary function, enhance physical and social function, reduce bodily pain, and potentially improve mental health in patients with VHD, providing an evidence-based basis for better recovery in patients with VHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition causing damage to cranial nerves and requires subsequent rehabilitation treatment. In clinical practice, the effectiveness of rehabilitation is usually subjectively assessed by experienced physicians or using global prognostic scales. Several brain imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography angiography, can be applied in rehabilitation effectiveness evaluation, but their complexity and long measurement times limit the activity of patients during measurement. This paper proposes an intelligent headband system based on near-infrared spectroscopy. An optical headband continuously and noninvasively monitors changes in hemoglobin parameters in the brain. The system’s wearable headband and wireless transmission provide convenience of use. According to the change of hemoglobin parameters during rehabilitation exercise, several indexes were also defined to evaluate the state of cardiopulmonary function and further build the neural network model of the cardiopulmonary function evaluation. Finally, the relationship between the defined indexes and the cardiopulmonary function state were investigated and the neural network model for the cardiopulmonary function evaluation was also applied in the rehabilitation effect evaluation. The experimental results show the cardiopulmonary function state could reflect on most of the defined indexes and the output of neural network model, and the rehabilitation therapy could also improve the cardiopulmonary function.

Background/Purpose: COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused tremendous casualties and morbidities worldwide. Multisystem manifestations, including muscle weakness, dyspnea, cognitive decline, dysphagia, and dysarthria are frequently reported among critically ill patients. The resultant activity limitations and participation restrictions call for an organized and multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitation. Taiwan had a rapid surge in community infection cases from May to July 2021, and our team established a team-based approach in response to the rehabilitation needs for the in-patients, especially the critically-ill group. Methods: We built a core treatment team and established a referral pathway for critically ill patients with COVID-19 based on a multidisciplinary approach. The care process and outcomes of a case series of patients who received in-patient rehabilitation after medical stabilization were presented. Results: Our clinical care module was established according to interim World Health Organization guidance and current research and demonstrated a high degree of feasibility. Five patients with multiple impairments received in-patient rehabilitation and experienced significant functional improvement. We documented improvements in motor function, swallowing function, and activities of daily living after the rehabilitation. Conclusion: Our clinical experience suggests considerable benefits can be obtained from a well-organized and multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach for severe COVID-19 patients.

Background Upper abdominal surgical treatment may reduce respiratory muscle function and mucociliary clearance, which might be a cause of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Threshold inspiratory muscle training (IMT) may serve as an effective modality to improve respiratory muscle strength and endurance in patients. However, whether this training could help patients with upper abdominal surgery remains to be determined. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the effect of a fully engaged IMT on PPCs and respiratory function in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. We hypothesized that the fully engaged IMT could reduce PPCs and improve respiratory muscle function in patients with upper abdominal surgery.Methods This is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 28 patients who underwent upper abdominal surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to the control (CLT) group or the IMT group. The CTL group received regular health care. The IMT group received 3 weeks of IMT with 50% of MIP as the initial intensity before the operation. The intensity of MIP increased by 5–10% per week. The IMT was continued for 4 weeks after the operation. The study investigated the outcomes including PPCs, respiratory muscle strength, diaphragmatic function, cardiopulmonary function, and quality of life (QoL).Results We found that IMT improved respiratory muscle strength and diaphragmatic excursion. IMT also had a beneficial effect on the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) compared to CLT care.Conclusion The results from this study revealed that IMT provided positive effects on parameters associated with the respiratory muscle function and reduced the incidence of PPCs. We propose that fully engaged IMT should be a part of clinical management in patients with upper abdominal surgery.KEY MESSAGESThe fully engaged inspiratory muscle training reduces postoperative pulmonary complications rate in patients with upper abdominal surgery.The fully engaged inspiratory muscle training increases maximal inspiratory pressure in patients with upper abdominal surgery.The fully engaged inspiratory muscle training increases diaphragm function in patients with upper abdominal surgery.The fully engaged inspiratory muscle training increases the quality of life in patients with upper abdominal surgery.

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a major health issue worldwide, as patients with T2DM show an excess risk of death for cardiovascular causes, twice as high as the general population. Among the many complications of T2DM, heart failure (HF) deserves special consideration as one of the leading causes of morbidity and reduced life expectancy. T2DM has been associated with different phenotypes of HF, including HF with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can evaluate the metabolic and ventilatory alterations related to myocardial dysfunction and/or peripheral impairment, representing a unique tool for the clinician to study the whole HF spectrum. While CPET allows for a thorough evaluation of functional capacity, it cannot directly differentiate central and peripheral determinants of effort intolerance. Combining CPET with imaging techniques could provide even higher accuracy and further insights into the progression of the disease since signs of left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction can be detected during exercise, even in asymptomatic diabetic individuals. This review aims to dissect the alterations in cardiopulmonary function characterising patients with T2DM and HF to improve patient risk stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To observe the effect of lip contraction and abdomen breathing training combined with elastic band resistance exercise on exercise endurance, cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). 83 patients with CHF who were admitted to our hospital from April 2020 to July 2021 were selected. The patients were divided into control group (n=41) and observation group (n=42) according to the two-color ball method. The control group received elastic band resistance exercise, and the observation group received lip contraction and abdominal breathing training combined with elastic band resistance exercise. The exercise endurance, cardiopulmonary function, quality of life, rehospitalization rate within one year and mortality rate within one year in the two groups were observed. 4 weeks after intervention, the somatic domain score, emotional domain score, other domain score and total score of the two groups were decreased, observation group was lower than control group (P<0.05). 4 weeks after intervention, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1), maximum voluntary minute ventilation (MVV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were increased in the two groups, and the observation group was higher than the control group (P<0.05), while left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD) were decreased, and the observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.05). 4 weeks after intervention, the 6min walking distance test (6MWT), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and anaerobic threshold (AT) of the two groups were increased, and observation group was higher than control group(P<0.05). The rehospitalization rate within one year and mortality rate within one year in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Elastic band resistance exercise combined with lip contraction and abdomen breathing training can promote the improvement of cardiopulmonary function in patients with CHF, improve exercise endurance, promote quality of life, and reduce the rehospitalization rate within one year and mortality rate within one year, with good curative effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of different rehabilitation training frequency on inflammatory transcription factors,cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: According to random number table method,92 rehabilitation training for patients with AMI in Changsha First Hospital from January 2021 to October 2022 were divided into group A (n=31, 12 times of rehabilitation training), group B (n=31,24 times of rehabilitation training) and group C (n=30, 36 times of rehabilitation training). Cardiac function indexes [left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD)], exercise endurance [6min walking test (6MWT)], pulmonary function indexes [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), inflammatory transcription factors [soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (s ICAM-1), nuclear factor-KB (NF-kB)] and quality of life changes of patients in the three groups were compared. Results: After intervention, LVEF and 6MWT in the group B and group C were higher than those in the group A, and the group C was higher than the group B (P＜0.05). After intervention, LVESD and LVEDD in the group B and group C were lower than those in the group A, and the group C was lower than the group B (P＜0.05). After intervention, FEV1, FVC and PEF in the group B and group C were higher than those in the group A, and the group C was higher than the group B (P＜0.05). After intervention, s ICAM-1 and NF-kB in the group B and group C were lower than those in the group A, and group C was lower than the group B (P＜0.05). The score of each dimension of the Short form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) after intervention in the group B and group C was higher than that in the group A, and the group C was higher than the group B (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Rehabilitation training for patients with AMI after PCI can effectively improve cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance, reduce the level of inflammatory transcription factors, and improve the quality of life. With the increase of the rehabilitation training frequency, the better the improvement effect of patients, it is recommended that the clinical rehabilitation training frequency should be no less than 36 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the effects of elastic band resistance training and moderate intensity aerobic exercise on cardiopulmonary function, vascular endothelial function and exercise endurance in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Methods: 70 patients with stable coronary heart disease who were treated in our hospital from September 2020 to April 2022 were selected, and they were randomly divided into control group (35 cases, moderate intensity aerobic exercise) and the combined group (35 cases, receiving resistance training with elastic band on the basis of the control group). The exercise tolerance, vascular endothelial function indexes [carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) value, Crouse plaque score], cardiopulmonary function indexes [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), cardiac stroke volume (SV), maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and oxygen pulse (O2pulse)], quality of life and the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events were compared between the two groups. Results: After intervention, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) of the two groups was increased, and the combined group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, LVEF, SV, VO2max and O2pulse in the two groups increased, and the combined group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, the each dimension scores of physical/social function, physical pain, physical/emotional function, energy and overall/mental health in the two groups were increased, and the combined group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, IMT in the two groups decreased, FMD increased, and Crouse plaque score decreased, and the degree of change in the combined group was greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was no difference in the incidence rate of adverse cardiovascular events between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The patients with stable coronary heart disease use elastic band resistance training and moderate intensity aerobic exercise combined intervention can effectively improve the cardiopulmonary function and vascular endothelial function, improve exercise endurance and quality of life, which has good clinical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the effect of phase II cardiac rehabilitation program on cardiopulmonary function, exercise en- durance and quality of life in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement. Methods: 120 patients with cardiac valve replacement who were received in our hospital from March 2018 to March 2021 were selected, the patients were divided into the control group (n=60, received routine rehabilitation intervention during the perioperative period) and the observation group (n=60, received phase II cardiac rehabilitation program on this basis of the control group) according to the random number table. The exercise endurance, cardiopulmonary function and quality of life were observed in the two groups, and the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events during the follow-up period was recorded. Results: 2 months after intervention, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO2at), metabolic equivalent at anaerobic threshold (METat) and oxygen pulse (O2pulse) increased in the two groups, and that in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). 2 months after intervention, the scores of Fugl-Meyer exercise scale (FMA) increased and the distance of 6-min walking test (6MWT) increased in the two groups, and that in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). 2 months after intervention, the scores of general health (GH), vitality (VT), physical pain (BP), social function (SF), mental health (MH), physiological function (RP), physiological function (PF), emotional function (RE) were all increased in the two groups, and that in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events in the observation group decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: The phase II cardiac rehabilita tion program applied to patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement, which can improve cardiopulmonary function, improve exercise endurance and quality of life, and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically analyze the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at different temperatures on the function of different organs in patients after heart valve replacement and to investigate its safety and feasibility. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data of 275 heart valve replacement surgery patients who underwent static suction compound anesthesia under CPB between February 2018 and October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into normothermic CPB anesthesia group (group 0), shallow hypothermic CPB anesthesia group (group 1), medium hypothermic CPB anesthesia group (group 2), and deep hypothermic CPB anesthesia group (group 3) according to the different intraoperative CPB temperatures. The basic preoperative conditions, cardiac resuscitation, number of defibrillations, postoperative ICU stay, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative evaluation of different organ functions, such as heart, lung, and kidney functions, were analyzed and studied in each group. RESULTS: The comparison of preoperative and postoperative pulmonary artery pressure and left ventricular internal diameter (LVD) was statistically significant in each group (p < 0.05), the postoperative pulmonary artery pressure was statistically significant in group 0 compared with groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05), and the postoperative LVD between groups 1 and 2 were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The preoperative glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the eGFR on the first postoperative day were statistically significant in all the groups (p < 0.05), and the eGFR on the first postoperative day in groups 1 and 2 were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The control of appropriate temperature during CPB was associated with the recovery of organ function in patients after valve replacement. Intravenous compound general anesthesia with superficial hypothermic CPB might be more beneficial in recovering cardiac, pulmonary, and renal functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: COVID-19 is often associated with significant long-term symptoms and disability, i.e., the long/post-COVID syndrome (PCS). Even after presumably mild COVID-19 infections, an increasing number of patients seek medical help for these long-term sequelae, which can affect various organ systems. The pathogenesis of PCS is not yet understood. Therapy has so far been limited to symptomatic treatment. The Greifswald Post COVID Rehabilitation Study (PoCoRe) aims to follow and deeply phenotype outpatients with PCS in the long term, taking a holistic and comprehensive approach to the analysis of their symptoms, signs and biomarkers. (2) Methods: Post-COVID outpatients are screened for symptoms in different organ systems with a standardized medical history, clinical examination, various questionnaires as well as physical and cardiopulmonary function tests. In addition, biomaterials are collected for the analysis of immunomodulators, cytokines, chemokines, proteome patterns as well as specific (auto)antibodies. Patients are treated according to their individual needs, adhering to the current standard of care. PoCoRe's overall aim is to optimize diagnostics and therapy in PCS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bin-Bin Liu,1,&ast; Zi-Ru Niu,2,&ast; Xiao-Jiao Jia,3 Xiao-Li Liu,3 Qiang Lu3 1Department of Functional Inspection, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, Qinhuangdao, 066000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Endocrinology, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, Qinhuangdao, 066000, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Qiang Lu, Department of Endocrinology, Qinhuangdao First Hospita l, No. 258 of Wenhua Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-0335-5908385, Fax: +86-0335-3032042, Email qianglu_123@163.comBackground: Cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPETs) are widely used non-invasive and reliable functional evaluation methods. This study investigated the correlation between cardiopulmonary endurance indices and plasma glucose levels and abdominal visceral fat in males with new-onset type 2 diabetes.Methods: A total of 136 male individuals, who had been treated in the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao City, were selected to form a new-onset type 2 diabetes group (66 cases) and a control group (70 cases); individuals were divided into three groups (Q1, Q2, and Q3) from low to high according to their anaerobic threshold (AT) oxygen uptake (VO2), AT VO2/kg (VO2 per kg of body weight), peak VO2, peak VO2/kg, AT heart rate (HR), peak HR, and HR recovery after 1 minute. A cardiopulmonary exercise test was used to determine the VO2 of each group of subjects for VO2 max and AT VO2/kg, HR, and HR recovery after 1 minute. The differences in fat areas and plasma glucose levels were compared under different cardiorespiratory endurance indicators.Results: Compared with the control group, the abdominal visceral fat (AVF) area, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) levels increased in the new-onset type 2 diabetes group. Concurrently, AT VO2, AT VO2/kg, peak VO2, peak VO2/kg, AT HR, peak HR, and 1-minute HR recovery all decreased, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P< 0.05). The higher the AT VO2 and peak VO2 values, the lower the PPG level (P< 0.05) and the smaller the area of abdominal visceral fat (P< 0.05). The AT VO2/kg and peak VO2/kg values were negatively correlated with the abdominal visceral fat area, while other indicators had no obvious relationship with either plasma glucose levels or the area of fat.Conclusion: The levels of blood glucose and visceral fat are correlated with cardiopulmonary function. With the increase in blood glucose levels and visceral fat, the indices of cardiopulmonary function gradually decrease. The correlation between different cardiopulmonary function indices and blood glucose levels and visceral fat was different.Keywords: cardiopulmonary function, type 2 diabetes, abdominal visceral fat, plasma glucose

Abstract Objective To explore the impacts of surgical mask in normal subjects on cardiopulmonary function and muscle performance under different motor load and gender differences. Design Randomized crossover trial. Setting The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, June 16th to December 30th, 2020. Participants Thirty-one college students (age: male 21.27 ± 1.22 years; female 21.31 ± 0.79 years) were recruited and randomly allocated in two groups. Interventions Group 1 first received CPET in the mask-on condition followed by 48 h of washout, and then received CPET in the mask-off condition. Group 2 first received CPET in the mask-off condition followed by 48 h of washout, then received CPET in the mask-on condition. The sEMG data were simultaneously collected. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) from CPET, which was performed on a cycle ergometer—this is the most important parameter associated with an individual’s physical conditioning. The secondary parameters included parameters reflecting exercise tolerance and heart function (oxygen uptake, anaerobic valve, maximum oxygen pulse, heart rate reserve), parameters reflecting ventilation function (respiration reserve, ventilation volume, tidal volume, breathing frequency), parameters reflecting gas exchange (end-tidal oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure, oxygen equivalent, carbon dioxide equivalent, and the relationship between dead space and tidal volume) and parameters reflecting skeletal muscle function [oxygen uptake, anaerobic valve, work efficiency, and EMG parameters including root mean square (RMS)]. Results Comparing the mask-on and mask-off condition, wearing surgical mask had some negative effects on VO2/kg (peak) and ventilation (peak) in both male and female health subjects [VO2/kg (peak): 28.65 ± 3.53 vs 33.22 ± 4.31 (P = 0.001) and 22.54 ± 3.87 vs 26.61 ± 4.03 (P

ObjectiveTo examine the correlations between fundamental movement skills and health-related fitness elements (cardiopulmonary function, flexibility, body composition, muscle strength and endurance) in children and adolescents and investigate the evaluation methods and tools of fundamental movement skills and health-related fitness.MethodsSix electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, EBSCO and CNKI) were searched, and the research literature on the correlation between children's and adolescents' fundamental movement skills and health-related fitness published since 2002 was collected. The guidelines of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement and the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement were used to evaluate the quality of the literature, and the sources, samples, measurement methods, main results and statistical data of the study were analyzed, summarized and discussed.ResultsAfter applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 49 studies were included. There were 13 tools for evaluating fundamental movement skills and 4 tools for evaluating comprehensive health-related fitness in the included literature. Sufficient research evidence supports a significant positive correlation between fundamental movement skills and cardiopulmonary function (10, 100%) and muscle strength and endurance (12, 100%), and most studies support the positive correlation between fundamental movement skills and flexibility (4, 66.7%), and the significant negative correlation between fundamental movement skills and body composition (29, 67.4%). Studies used skinfold, AF%, BF%, FM, and FFMI as evaluation methods. They showed a consistently significant negative correlation between body composition and fundamental movement skills (9, 100%), while BMI or waist circumference as evaluation methods showed no consistent significant negative correlation result (20, 58.8%). Moreover, in the sub-item evaluation of fundamental movement skills, object manipulation, locomotor and balance skills were all significantly and positively correlated with cardiopulmonary function and muscle strength and endurance. In contrast, locomotor skills were more closely related to body composition than object manipulation skills.ConclusionA significant correlation exists between children's and adolescents' fundamental movement skills and health-related fitness elements.

Background/purpose: COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused tremendous casualties and morbidities worldwide. Multisystem manifestations, including muscle weakness, dyspnea, cognitive decline, dysphagia, and dysarthria are frequently reported among critically ill patients. The resultant activity limitations and participation restrictions call for an organized and multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitation. Taiwan had a rapid surge in community infection cases from May to July 2021, and our team established a team-based approach in response to the rehabilitation needs for the in-patients, especially the critically-ill group.Methods: We built a core treatment team and established a referral pathway for critically ill patients with COVID-19 based on a multidisciplinary approach. The care process and outcomes of a case series of patients who received in-patient rehabilitation after medical stabilization were presented.Results: Our clinical care module was established according to interim World Health Organization guidance and current research and demonstrated a high degree of feasibility. Five patients with multiple impairments received in-patient rehabilitation and experienced significant functional improvement. We documented improvements in motor function, swallowing function, and activities of daily living after the rehabilitation.Conclusion: Our clinical experience suggests considerable benefits can be obtained from a well-organized and multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach for severe COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upper abdominal surgical treatment may reduce respiratory muscle function and mucociliary clearance, which might be a cause of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Threshold inspiratory muscle training (IMT) may serve as an effective modality to improve respiratory muscle strength and endurance in patients. However, whether this training could help patients with upper abdominal surgery remains to be determined. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the effect of a fully engaged IMT on PPCs and respiratory function in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. We hypothesized that the fully engaged IMT could reduce PPCs and improve respiratory muscle function in patients with upper abdominal surgery. This is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 28 patients who underwent upper abdominal surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to the control (CLT) group or the IMT group. The CTL group received regular health care. The IMT group received 3 weeks of IMT with 50% of MIP as the initial intensity before the operation. The intensity of MIP increased by 5–10% per week. The IMT was continued for 4 weeks after the operation. The study investigated the outcomes including PPCs, respiratory muscle strength, diaphragmatic function, cardiopulmonary function, and quality of life (QoL). We found that IMT improved respiratory muscle strength and diaphragmatic excursion. IMT also had a beneficial effect on the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) compared to CLT care. The results from this study revealed that IMT provided positive effects on parameters associated with the respiratory muscle function and reduced the incidence of PPCs. We propose that fully engaged IMT should be a part of clinical management in patients with upper abdominal surgery. The fully engaged inspiratory muscle training reduces postoperative pulmonary complications rate in patients with upper abdominal surgery. The fully engaged inspiratory muscle training increases maximal inspiratory pressure in patients with upper abdominal surgery. The fully engaged inspiratory muscle training increases diaphragm function in patients with upper abdominal surgery. The fully engaged inspiratory muscle training increases the quality of life in patients with upper abdominal surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the rehabilitation effect of early cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training combined with biofeedback therapy in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) and its effect on cardiopulmonary function and cognitive function.Methods: 100 patients who received CABG in Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital from April 2019 to November 2021 were selected.According to the envelope lottery method, the patients were divided into control group and observation group, with 50 cases in each group. The control group was given early cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training, and the observation group was given early cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training combined with biofeedback therapy. The rehabilitation effects, changes of cardiopulmonary function indexes, neuron specific enolase(NSE), S-100β protein and cognitive impairment in two groups were observed. Results: The first exhaust time, the first time out of bed and the hospital stay in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05）. After intervention, the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), cardiac index(CI), left ventricular short axis shortening fraction(LVFS) and the maximum walking distance within 6 minutes(6WMT) were increased in two groups, and the observation group was higher than the control group(P<0.05). After intervention, the forced vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1) and FEV1/FVC in the two groups increased, and the observation group was higher than the control group(P<0.05）. After intervention, the score of Montreal cognitive function assessment scale(MoCA) increased in the two groups, and the observation group was higher than the control group(P<0.05). After intervention, neuron specific enolase(NSE) and S-100β protein were decreased in two groups, and the observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion: Early cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training combined with biofeedback therapy can improve cardiopulmonary function, reduce cognitive impairment and regulate serum NSE and S-100 β protein level and improve the rehabilitation effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: This study aims at evaluating the disease progression, specifically in terms of cardiopulmonary function, in a group of consecutively enrolled systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients treated with the approved iloprost regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was performed on 68 SSc patients treated with 5-6 infusions of iloprost per month for 6 hours per day at a dosage of 0.5-2.0 ng/kg/min through a portable syringe pump. All patients were evaluated for modified Rodnan skin score, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, forced vital capacity, alveolar volume, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide/alveolar volume, pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pBNP), New York Heart Association class, and the presence or absence of digital ulcers (DUs). RESULTS: After a follow-up period of 9.9±2.9 years, all patients improved in frequency and severity of the Raynaud phenomenon and showed a stabilization or improvement of cardiopulmonary parameters. The pulmonary arterial pressure and pBNP improved significantly from baseline (30.91±6.4 mmHg vs. 27.36±7.1 mmHg, and 97.20±69.3 pg/ml vs. 66.65±44.3 pg/ml, respectively; p<0.0001 for both). A significant improvement was observed in the modified Rodnan skin score in 57 patients who continued the treatment during the entire follow-up (5.09±5.7 vs. 3.30±4.2, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the retrospective design and the lack of a control group, the regular and continued administration of iloprost maintained the stability of the cardiopulmonary and cutaneous parameters in SSc. It significantly reduced pBNP levels, a prognostic cardiac biomarker of SSc. Future research should be addressed to demonstrate a stronger causality of this effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]