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Este artigo demonstra a viabilidade técnica e econômica do aproveitamento de águas pluviais, em conjunto com o tratamento de águas residuárias resultantes de lavagem de veículos para reuso em centros comerciais de lavagem automotiva (lava-rápidos). O estudo descreve as principais características dos dispositivos e sistemas empregados, mostra os critérios de cálculo usados no dimensionamento do sistema e apresenta as verificações necessárias para garantia do padrão mínimo para águas de reuso, incluindo a diluição com água potável, com base em normas aplicáveis. Nesse artigo se faz a descrição das etapas, processos utilizados, dados técnicos, vantagens e desafios na implementação e operação desse sistema, que visa garantir a recirculação do efluente (águas residuárias resultantes da lavagem automotiva). A conclusão do presente estudo é que a recuperação e reuso de águas na lavagem automotiva comercial pode reduzir o consumo de água em até 70% (advinda do fornecimento público) e, como resultado, também, os custos envolvidos. A redução do impacto ambiental e da pressão sobre os sistemas de fornecimento público de água potável resultantes da adoção dessa medida em larga escala é um argumento a favor da proposta.

Digital, Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo principal el diseño de un sistema de tratamiento de agua residual para el Car Wash La Roca ubicado en la carrera 41 #2B -57 barrio la Roca en el municipio de Valledupar, con el propósito de disminuir los impactos ambientales derivados del desarrollo de sus funciones como lavadero de vehículos automotores. Para el desarrollo del proyecto se llevaron a cabo ciertas actividades: Primeramente se recolectó la información necesaria y fidedigna con motivo de conocer el contexto de las aguas residuales que son vertidas por autolavados del municipio y también por el Car Wash al sistema de alcantarillado. Mismamente para la continuidad del proyecto se documentó el sistema de tratamiento actual que utiliza el autolavado, seguidamente se caracterizó fisicoquímicamente el agua derivada de las actividades de lavado autos a través de una toma de muestras de las aguas residuales y una prueba de laboratorio. Al comparar los resultados frente a los límites permisibles presentes en la resolución 0631 de 2015 se evidenció incumplimiento de los parámetros de DBO, DQO, grasas y aceites, ya que superaban los limites definidos en la normativa; por lo que se generó una propuesta de diseño acorde a las debilidades del STAR actual como una alternativa que pueda ayudar a reducir la carga contaminante., The main objective of this work was the design of a wastewater treatment system for the Car Wash La Roca located at 41 #2B-57 barrio la Roca in the municipality of Valledupar, with the purpose of reducing the environmental impacts derived from the development of its functions as a car wash. Certain activities were carried out for the development of the project: First, the necessary and reliable information was collected to know the context of the wastewater discharged by car washes in the municipality and by the Car Wash into the sewage system. Also, for the continuity of the project, the current treatment system used by the car wash was documented, followed by a physicochemical characterization of the water derived from the car wash activities through a sampling of the wastewater and a laboratory test. When comparing the results with the permissible limits present in resolution 0631 of 2015, non-compliance of the parameters of BOD, COD, fats, and oils was evidenced, since they exceeded the limits defined in the regulations; therefore, a design proposal was generated according to the weaknesses of the current STAR as an alternative that could help reduce the pollutant load., Pregrado, Ingeniero(a) Industrial, Esta tesis se desarrolló como parte de un estudio académico que requirió la indagación del conjunto de normativas, reglamentos y tecnologías vigentes durante su elaboración. Su objeto es evaluar un tipo de estrategia capaz de adaptarse a las necesidades del sistema de tratamiento de agua residual de la empresa seleccionada, en procura de cumplir los requisitos legales y ambientales que engloban la actividad desempeñada por misma., Resumen 14 Abstract 16 Introducción 18 Planteamiento del Problema 20 Formulación del Problema 22 Sistematización…… 22 Objetivos…… 22 Objetivo General 22 Objetivos Específicos 23 Justificación 23 Delimitación del Proyecto 24 Delimitación Geográfica 24 Delimitación Temporal 24 Delimitación Temática 25 Marco Teórico 26 Antecedentes 26 Referencias Conceptuales 31 Referencias Normativas 36 Operacionalización de la Variable 41 Definición Nominal 41 Definición Conceptual 41 Definición Operacional 41 Marco Metodológico 43 Tipo de Investigación 43 Investigación Descriptiva 43 Diseño de la Investigación 43 Población de Estudio 44 Unidad de Análisis 45 Técnicas e Instrumentos Para la Recolección de Datos 45 Técnica…………... 45 Instrumentos…….. 46 Técnica de Análisis de Datos 47 Procedimiento de Investigación 47 Recopilación de Información Inicial Sobre el Agua Residual de los Lavaderos de la Ciudad de Valledupar……….. 47 Caracterización del STAR Actual 54 Toma de Muestra de Agua Residual 54 Caracterización Fisicoquímica de la Muestra Particular 56 Análisis de Datos... 57 Cálculo de Variables y Diseño del Sistema Propuesto 57 Cálculo de Costos de Diseño del Sistema 58 Resultados 59 Solución de Objetivos 59 Objetivo #1………. 59 Objetivo #2………. 61 Objetivo #3……… 64 Objetivo # 4……… 82 Discusión…... 94 Conclusiones 95 Recomendaciones 97 Referencias Bibliográficas 98 Apéndice… 106

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме очистки сточных вод от мойки грузовых автомобилей с целью их повторного использования в оборотных системах автомоек. Проведенные исследования процессов доочистки сточных вод от мойки грузовых автомобилей в скорых напорных фильтрах позволили разработать установку, состоящую из горизонтальной песколовки, гидроциклонной установки, напорного полочного отстойника и скорых напорных фильтров. Для определения параметров и эффективности работы скорого напорного фильтра с целью применения его в составе промышленной установки проведены экспериментальные исследования по доочистке сточных вод от мойки грузовых автомобилей, которые позволили установить факторы, влияющие на эффективность работы фильтра, такие как схема загрузки и скорость фильтрования. Установлено, что доочистка сточных вод от мойки грузовых автомобилей может успешно осуществляться в скорых напорных фильтрах с зернистой загрузкой., The article is dedicated to the relevant problem of wastewater cleaning from truck washing for the purpose of its reuse in the recycling systems of car washes. The conducted research of wastewater aftertreatment processes from washing trucks in the pressure filters allowed to develop an installation consisting of a horizontal sand trap, hydrocyclone unit, pressure shelf settling tank and pressure filters. To determine the parameters and efficiency of the pressure filter in order to use it as a part of an industrial plant, experimental studies were conducted on wastewater post-treatment from washing trucks, which helped to establish the factors affecting the efficiency of the filter, such as the loading scheme and the filtering speed. It was established that additional treatment of wastewater from truck washing can be successfully carried out in pressure filters with granular loading., Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 10 (124) 2022

Book review of RODRIGUES, Fabiana Alves. Lava Jato: aprendizado institucional e ação estratégica na Justiça. São Paulo: Editora WMF Martins Fontes, 2020. 280 p. Resenha de RODRIGUES, Fabiana Alves. Lava Jato: aprendizado institucional e ação estratégica na Justiça. São Paulo: Editora WMF Martins Fontes, 2020. 280 p.

The exacerbated consumption of durable and non-durable goods generates a large pollution load in urban centers, negatively impacting water treatment centers due to the immense demand. In this context, urban projects such as car washes, which have their effluents characterized by the presence of surfactants, oils and greases, heavy metals, total suspended solids, which are substances that have a significant polluting potential, can have their effluent pre-treated through of electrocoagulation to minimize the polluting load, enabling the attenuation of subsequent multiprocesses of treatment. In this perspective, this work sought to carry out the physical-chemical treatment in an effluent from a car wash, using the electrocoagulation method. For this purpose, copper electrodes were used in addition to the addition of different salts as support electrolytes, among which sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), free aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). As a result, the electrochemically treated effluent using the free aluminum sulfate support electrolyte showed promising results for the pre-treatment process of this type of effluent. In this sense, the efficiencies in removing apparent color and turbidity were respectively 89.18% and 76.62% for a treatment process time of 5 minutes with 12 V. The pre-treated effluent still had a final pH of 5.28, in accordance with what determines the rules of CONAMA nº 430/2011, being, therefore, an excellent option for the pre-treatment, mainly for effluents characterized by the presence of grease. O consumo exacerbado de bens duráveis e não duráveis gera uma grande carga poluidora nos centros urbanos, impactando negativamente os centros de tratamento de água devido a imensa demanda. Nesse contexto, empreendimentos urbanos como os lava jatos, os quais possuem seus efluentes caracterizados pela presença de surfactantes, óleos e graxas, metais pesados, sólidos totais suspensos, que são substâncias que possuem relevante potencial poluidor, podem ter seu efluente pré-tratado por meio da eletrocoagulação para minimizar a carga poluidora, possibilitando a atenuação de posteriores multiprocessos de tratamento. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho buscou realizar o tratamento físico-químico em um efluente proveniente de uma lava jato, utilizando o método da eletrocoagulação. Para tanto, usou-se eletrodos de cobre além da adição de diferentes sais como eletrólitos suportes, dentre os quais foram utilizados hidróxido de sódio (NaOH), bicarbonato de sódio (NaHCO3), sulfato de alumínio isento (Al2(SO4)3) e carbonato de sódio (Na2CO3). Como resultado, o efluente tratado eletroquimicamente com o uso do eletrólito suporte sulfato de alumínio isento apresentou resultados promissores para o processo de pré-tratamento deste tipo de efluente. Nesse sentido, as eficiências na remoção da cor aparente e da turbidez foram respectivamente 89,18% e 76,62% para um tempo de processo tratamento de 5 minutos com 12 V. O efluente pré-tratado ainda apresentou pH final de 5,28, de acordo com o que determina a normas do CONAMA nº 430/2011, sendo, portanto, uma excelente opção para o pré-tratamento, principalmente para efluentes caracterizados pela presença de graxas.

Maģistra darba ietvaros tika izstrādāts investīciju projekts jauna uzņēmuma dibināšanai, kas nodarbosies ar mobilo automazgāšanas pakalpojuma sniegšanu. Darba autors izvirzīja mērķi nodibināt mobilo automazgāšanas pakalpojumu sniegšanas uzņēmumu ar budžetu 11 tūkstošu eiro apmērā, kas atmaksāsies mazāk nekā 3 gadu laikā un nodrošinās vismaz 20 procentu kapitāla atdevi. Darbs ir sadalīts 7 nodaļās, kurās ir aplūkoti būtiskākie projekta realizācijas aspekti. Aplūkojot biznesa idejas aktualitāti, darba autors kā vienu no būtiskākajiem aspektiem min jaunu biznesa modeļu attīstību dalīšanās ekonomikas ietvaros. Mobilais automazgāšanas pakalpojums piedāvā alternatīvu tradicionālajam automazgāšanas pakalpojumam, nodrošinot laika ietaupījumu un komfortu potenciālajiem klientiem. Izvērtējot nozares attīstības tendences un būtiskākos pakalpojumu noieta tirgus tika secināts, ka uzņēmējdarbības un ekonomiskā vide ir atbilstoša projekta realizācijai. Darba gaitā tika izstrādāts uzņēmuma finanšu darbības plāns un veikts finanšu darbības novērtējums. Atbilstoši novērtējumam, tika prognozēts, ka ir iespējams dibināt uzņēmumu, sasniedzot sākotnēji izvirzītos mērķus., Within the framework of Master thesis, an investment project for establishment of a mobile car wash service provider was developed. The author defines the goal of the project to establish a mobile car wash service business with a budget of 11 thousand euro that has a payback period of less than 3 years and that ensures a capital return of at least 20 per cent. The paper consists of 7 parts that describe the main aspects of project implementation. Considering the topicality of the business idea the author mentions the development of new business models within the sharing economy as one of the most important aspects. The mobile car wash service offers an alternative to the traditional car wash service, providing time savings and comfort to potential customers Evaluating the development trends of the industry and the most important markets for services, it concluded that the business and economic environment is appropriate for the implementation of the project. During the course of the project development, the company's financial plan was developed, and the evaluation of the financial results was performed. According to the assessment, author predicts that it would be possible to set up the company in a way to achieve the initially set objectives.

Identificar la sintomatología musculo esquelética en los trabajadores de una estación de servicio de combustible en el II trimestre del 2021 Los desórdenes musculoesqueléticos son una de las principales causas de incapacidad y morbilidad en el mundo del trabajo .El objetivo es identificar la frecuencia, severidad y segmento anatómico donde se presenta sintomatología osteomuscular en población trabajadora de una empresa que comercializa combustible al por menor y como actividad conexa realiza lavado de vehículos de carga pesada que transitan por la variante de Ibagué - Tolima. La investigación se realiza mediante un estudio descriptivo con corte transversal, se utilizó el cuestionario nórdico de Kourinka. Participaron 18 trabajadores, edad promedio de 32,83 años, n= 78% hombres y n= 22% mujeres, distribuidos así: administrativo 5.5% , aseo 5,5 %, expendedor combustible 22% , lavado de autos 67% los cuales son trabajadores informales en su mayoría migrantes de Venezuela, para el desarrollo de las actividades laborales adoptan posturas estáticas, realizan movimientos repetitivos o manipulan cargas. El cuestionario indica que, el 100% de los encuestados manifiesta dolor, con una permanencia de 6 a 12 meses, los principales segmentos corporales con mayor frecuencia son: personal administrativo dolor leve en miembros superiores (mano, dedos, muñeca y espalda alta); personal de aseo dolor fuerte en (cuello y espalda baja), expendedor de combustible dolor moderado en (mano, dedos, muñeca, pierna y pie), personal que lava autos de carga pesada dolor fuerte en (espalda alta, espalda baja y cadera). Para terminar recalcar la importancia de la educación y la vigilancia epidemiologia para la prevención de desórdenes musculoesquelicos, así como la formalización del empleo para los trabajadores y el aseguramiento al Sistema General de Riesgos Laborales. Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the main causes of disability and morbidity in the world of work. The objective of this job is to identify the frequency, severity and anatomical segment where musculoskeletal symptoms occur in the working population of a company that sells fuel at retail and as an additional activity, it washes heavy load vehicles that pass through Ibagué - Tolima variant. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study, Nordic Kourinka´s questionnaire was used. 18 workers participated, average age 32.83 years, n = 78% men and n = 22% women, distributed as follows: administrative 5.5%, cleaning 5.5%, fuel dispenser 22%, car wash 67% of which are informal workers, mostly migrants from Venezuela, adopt static postures, carry out repetitive movements or manipulate loads to carry out their work activities. The questionnaire indicates that 100% of the respondents manifest pain, with a permanence of 6 to 12 months, the main body segments most frequently are: administrative personnel mild pain in upper limbs (hand, fingers, wrist and upper back); Toilet personnel severe pain in (neck and lower back), fuel dispenser moderate pain in (hand, fingers, wrist, leg and foot), personnel who wash heavy loads severe pain in (upper back, lower back and hip). Education and epidemiological surveillance are important for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders, as well as the formalization of employment for workers and assurance to the General System of Occupational Risks. Finally, emphasize the importance of education and epidemiological surveillance for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders, as well as the formalization of employment for workers and assurance to the General System of Occupational Risks.

Berners är en stor aktör inom försäljning och service av bilar och transportfordon i Jämtland och Västernorrland. På sina anläggningar i Sundsvall och Östersund tillhandahåller Berners bland annat biltvättar och rekond och dessa verksamheter ger upphov till stora utsläpp av vatten och kemikalier. För att minska utsläppen har Berners installerat indunstarrening, som är en reningsteknik som bygger på att smutsigt tvättvatten förångas och farliga partiklar faller ur. Med den här tekniken elimineras nästan alla kemikalieutsläpp och ungefär 90 procent av tvättvattnet återanvänds. Indunstarrening kräver mycket energi i form av el som i dagsläget köps in. Reningstekniken ger även upphov till spillvärme i både luft och vatten som i dagsläget inte utnyttjas. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka potentiella förbättringsåtgärder för Berners biltvättar, för att göra de befintliga och eventuella framtida anläggningar bättre. Detta genom att undersöka möjligheterna av att utnyttja spillvärme och minska behovet av köpt el, genom egenproduktion av el med solceller. Målet är att genom detta ta fram underlag för Berners när de ska besluta om eventuella förändringar av de befintliga tvättarna samt vid byggnation av nya anläggningar. Underlaget ska bestå av resultat för minskade energibehov, minskade utsläpp, minskade behov av köpt el och livstidsbesparingar för förbättringsåtgärderna. I arbetet undersöktes tre olika förbättringsåtgärder. Installation av FTX-ventilation för att värma ingående luft till en angränsande lokal med utgående luft från det rum där indunstaren är placerad, installation av en plattvärmeväxlare för att värma vätskan i en radiatorkrets med utgående destillat från indunstaren samt installation av solceller för att minska behovet av köpt el till indunstaren. Monokristallina-, polykristallina- och tunnfilmssolceller samt olika storlekar av installerad area undersöktes. Minskade energibehov beräknades för FTX och VVX, minskade behov av köpt el beräknades för solceller och minskade utsläpp av koldioxidekvivalenter samt livstidsbesparingar beräknades för alla tre förbättringsåtgärderna. Resultaten visar på att en kombination av att installera FTX, VVX och polykristallina solceller genererar de största livstidsbesparingarna och de största utsläppsminskningarna. Installation av en plattvärmeväxlare för att ta vara på spillvärme i destillat är den enskilt bästa åtgärden för att minska energibehovet. Berners kan vid installation av en eller flera av de olika förbättringsåtgärderna minska energibehoven och utsläppen från biltvättarna, minska behovet av köpt el samtidigt som de kan spara pengar. Berners is a major player in the sale and service of cars and transport vehicles in Jämtland and Västernorrland. At its facilities in Sundsvall and Östersund, Berners provides, among other things, car washes and auto reconditioning and these operations give rise to large discharges of water and chemicals. To reduce emissions, Berners has installed evaporator treatment, which is a treatment technique based on the evaporation of dirty washing water and the fallout of dangerous particles. With this technology, almost all chemical emissions are eliminated and approximately 90 percent of the washing water is reused. Evaporator cleaning requires a lot of energy in the form of electricity that is currently purchased. The treatment technology also gives rise to waste heat in both air and water, which is currently not used. The purpose of the work is to investigate potential improvement measures for Berner's car washes, to make the existing and possible future facilities better. This is done by investigating the possibilities of utilizing waste heat and reducing the need for purchased electricity, through own production of electricity with solar cells. The goal is to thereby produce a basis for Berners when they are to decide on any changes to the existing washes and when building new facilities. The basis shall consist of results for reduced energy needs, reduced emissions, reduced need for purchased electricity and lifetime savings for the improvement measures. The work examined three different improvement measures. Installation of FTX- ventilation to heat the incoming air to an adjacent room with outgoing air from the room where the evaporator is located, installation of a plate heat exchanger to heat the liquid in a radiator circuit with outgoing distillate from the evaporator and installation of solar cells to reduce the need for bought electricity for the evaporator. Monocrystalline, polycrystalline and thin film solar cells as well as different sizes of installed area were investigated. Reduced energy needs were calculated for FTX and VVX, reduced needs for purchased electricity were calculated for solar cells and reduced emissions of carbon dioxide equivalents as well as lifetime savings were calculated for all three improvement measures. The results show that a combination of installing FTX, VVX and polycrystalline solar cells generates the largest lifetime savings, as well as the largest emission reductions. Installing a plate heat exchanger to take advantage of waste heat in distillates is the single best measure to reduce energy needs. When installing one or more of the various improvement measures, Berners can reduce the energy needs and emissions from the car washes and reduce the need for purchased electricity, while at the same time saving money.

В статье ставится задача рассмотреть и провести сравнение программ для автоматизации записи на автомойку. Обоснована необходимость разработки собственного программного продукта. The article aims to review and compare programs for automating car wash recording. The necessity of developing your own software product has been substantiated.

For years, companies have superimposed their profits over social and environmental impacts; However, current management trends offer the possibility of claiming the damage caused and acting differently through administrative models and the use of tools that promote the improvement of the quality of life of the human team as well as the protection and care of the environment. , applying innovative models known as: socially responsible management models. These trends are aligned with the environmental and quality management systems that, among others, tend to mitigate impacts, but have been considered by many entrepreneurs as difficult and costly, weakening interest in their implementation without defining the benefits they can obtain. especially small and medium-sized enterprises Mipymes. In Dosquebradas Risaralda, Mipymes dedicated to car wash services do not have comprehensive management tools that allow them to generate value and protect the environment, their management is limited to having a permit for dumping and water concession for its operation, generating acute socio-environmental problems over time. In this sense, a research proposal is presented that has the purpose of characterizing the Mipymes dedicated to the car wash service in Dosquebradas and the design of a socially responsible management model that contributes to entrepreneurs and society with the mitigation of impacts. generated in the environment, maintaining their productivity and competitiveness. Durante años, las empresas han sobrepuesto sus utilidades por encima de los impactos sociales y medioambientales; sin embargo, las tendencias actuales de gestión brindan la posibilidad de reivindicar los daños causados y actuar de manera distinta mediante modelos administrativos y el uso de herramientas que promuevan el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida del equipo humano así como la protección y cuidado del medio ambiente, aplicando modelos innovadores conocidos como: modelos de gestión socialmente responsables. Estas tendencias alineadas con los sistemas de gestión ambiental y de la calidad que propenden entre otros, por la mitigación de impactos, pero han sido consideradas por muchos empresarios como algo difícil y costoso, debilitando el interés en su implementación sin definir los beneficios que pueden obtener especialmente las pequeñas y medianas empresas Mipymes. En Dosquebradas Risaralda, las Mipymes dedicadas a servicio de lavado de autos no cuentan con herramientas de gestión integral que les permitan la generación de valor y la protección del medio ambiente, su gestión se limita a contar con un permiso de vertimiento y de concesión de aguas para su funcionamiento, generando con el tiempo agudos problemas socioambientales. En este sentido, se presenta una propuesta de investigación que tiene la finalidad de caracterizar las Mipymes dedicadas al servicio de lavado de autos en Dosquebradas y el diseño de modelo de gestión socialmente responsable que contribuya a los empresarios y a la sociedad con la mitigación de los impactos generados en el entorno, manteniendo su productividad y competitividad.

U sklopu završnog rada razvijen je sekvencijalni upravljački algoritam za upravljanje modelom automatske autopraonice pomoću programirljivog logičkog kontrolera Siemens S7-1500. Za izradu algoritma korišten je programski jezik GRAPH u sklopu programskog paketa TIA Portal. Također je izrađeno i osnovno vizualizacijsko sučelje koje služi za nadzor i upravljanje sustavom. Testiranje algoritma izvođeno je pomoću alata PLCSIM i funkcije traces. Aktivacijom određenih digitalnih ulaza prati se stanje digitalnih izlaza i tako se uspješno provodi simulacija sekvence pranja automobila. Ovo omogućava testiranje algoritma bez ikakve dodatne hardverske opreme. As part of the final assignment, a sequential control algorithm was developed to control the automatic car wash model using the Siemens S7-1500 programmable logic controller. The GRAPH programming language within the TIA Portal software package was used to create the algorithm. A basic visualization interface has also been developed to monitor and manage the system. Algorithm testing was performed using the PLCSIM tool and the traces function. By activating certain digital inputs, the state of the digital outputs is monitored and thus the simulation of the car wash sequence is successfully performed. This allows the algorithm to be tested without any additional hardware.

Статья посвящена изучению проблемы утилизации сточных вод автомоек, содержащих высокие концентрации таких показателей качества воды как: взвешенные вещества, нефтепродукты, ПАВы и др., Вопросы устойчивого развития общества, Выпуск 4 (1) 2020

Legionella is a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium naturally found in aquatic environments. It can pose a health problem when it grows and spreads in man-made water systems. Legionella pneumophila is the most common cause of Legionnaires' disease nowadays, a community-acquired pneumonia with pulmonary symptoms and chest radiography no different from any other form of infectious pneumonia. Legionella monitoring is important for public health reasons, including the identification of unusual environmental sources of Legionella.We report two cases of Legionnaires' disease associated with two different car wash installations in the province of Vicenza, in the Veneto region, northeastern Italy. Patients were not employees of the car wash installations, but users of the service. In both cases, Legionella antigen was detected in urine using the Alere BinaxNOW® Legionella Urinary Antigen, and Legionella antibodies were detected in serum using SERION ELISA classic Legionella pneumophila 1-7 IgG and IgM. Water samples were also analyzed as part of the surveillance program for Legionella prevention and control in compliance with the Italian guidelines.Both patients had clinical symptoms and chest radiography compatible with pneumonia, and only one of them had diabetes as a risk factor. Legionella urinary antigen and serological test on serum samples were positive for Legionella in both patients, even if much slighter in the case A due to the retrospective serological investigation performed a year later the episode and after the second clinical case occurred in the same district. The environmental investigations highlighted two different car wash plants as potential source of infection. A certified company using shock hyperchlorination was asked to disinfect the two plants and, subsequently, control samples resulted negative for Legionella pneumophila.Any water source producing aerosols should be considered at risk for the transmission of Legionella bacteria, including car wash installations frequently used by a large number of customers and where poor maintenance probably creates favorable conditions for Legionella overgrowth and spreading. Additional research is needed to ascertain optimal strategies for Legionella monitoring and control, but environmental surveillance, paying careful attention to possible unconventional sources, should remain an important component of any Legionnaires' disease prevention program. Additionally, all available diagnostic methods would be recommended for the confirmation of all cases even in the event of non-serogroup 1 Legionella pneumophila infection, probably underestimated at this time.

Очистка сточных вод от мойки автомобилей с целью их повторного использования в оборотных системах автомоек является актуальной проблемой. Проведенные Казанским государственным архитектурно–строительным университетом исследования процессов очистки нефтесодержащих сточных вод в напорных гидроциклонах позволили разработать установку для очистки сточных вод от мойки автомобилей. В результате проведенных на экспериментальной гидроциклонной установке исследований по очистке сточных вод от мойки автомобилей, определены геометрические характеристики напорного гидроциклона для применения его в промышленной установке., Wastewater from washing cars for their re-use in the circulating systems of car washes is an important issue. Conducted Kazan state architecture and construction University study of the process of purification of oily wastewater in the pressure hydrocyclones allowed to develop a device for the treatment of wastewater from car washing. As a result on an experimental hydrocyclone installation of the studies on the wastewater from car washing, determined by the geometrical characteristics of pressure hydrocyclone for application in an industrial setting.

The authors argue that development of car service companies has caused a new environmental problem: waste water produced by transport enterprises. Their number multiplies day to day in big cities of Russia. At the same time, the quality of the waste water treated by local water treatment stations fails to meet the present-day standard requirements. Moreover, potable water shall not be used for the purpose of washing transport vehicles. Within the recent 10 years, MGSU has developed a number of research projects aimed at the resolution of this problem. The concept developed by the MGSU specialists is to attain the highest quality of treated waste water generated by car washes and transport enterprises using the most advanced technologies of water treatment rather than to design new water treatment plants. Various methods may be applied for this purpose: restructuring of water treatment facilities, advanced feed, updated regulations governing the operation of water treatment plants.

У сучасному житті, автомобіль вже давно не є розкішшю, скоріше це річ першої необхідності. Як наслідок, кількість автомобілів збільшується з кожним роком, а вимоги до технічного стану та зовнішнього вигляду постійно посилюються. Транспортний засіб, що бере участь у русі, повинен бути не тільки безпечним, але і чистим. Як підтримувати зовнішній вигляд вашого автомобіля в належному стані? У вирішенні цієї проблеми допомагає автомийка.