Search

There is only one known portal system in the mammalian brain - that of the pituitary gland, first identified in 1933 by Popa and Fielding. Here we describe a second portal pathway in the mouse linking the capillary vessels of the brain’s clock suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to those of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), a circumventricular organ. The localized blood vessels of portal pathways enable small amounts of important secretions to reach their specialized targets in high concentrations without dilution in the general circulatory system. These brain clock portal vessels point to an entirely new route and targets for secreted SCN signals, and potentially restructures our understanding of brain communication pathways., The first known portal system in the mammalian brain was identified in 1933. Here the authors describe a new portal system between the capillary beds of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus master clock and a circumventricular organ, enabling humoral signals to reach targets without dilution in the systemic circulation.

We examined the effects of mild hyperbaric oxygen (mHBO) exposure on capillary rarefaction in skeletal muscles of rats with diabetes. Streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) was administered to male Wistar rats via the tail vein to prepare a diabetic model. These rats were divided into 2 groups: the group with mHBO exposure (1.25 atmospheres absolute (ATA) with 36% oxygen; 3 h/day) and the group without mHBO exposure. Age-matched rats were used as the control group. Eight weeks later, the soleus of the rats was removed and then analyzed. With the onset of diabetes mellitus, capillary number, diameter, and volume in the soleus of the rats with diabetes decreased compared with those of the rats in the control group. In addition, increased anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and decreased pro-angiogenic murine double minute 2 (MDM-2) protein expressions were observed in the rats with diabetes. Alternatively, mHBO exposure attenuated the decrease in capillary diameter and volume in skeletal muscles of rats with diabetes, suppressed the overexpression of TSP-1, and restored the MDM-2 expression. These results indicate the exposure of mHBO partially attenuates capillary rarefaction in diabetic soleus muscle.

Eyes are the most primarily required sensory organs during the migration of migratory birds and Northern Bald Ibises (Geronticus eremita) are known to make long migrations. This study examined for the first time the structure of pecten oculi in northern bald ibises by using macroscopic anatomy as well as light and electron microscopic methods. In the study 20 eye globes from 10 adult bald ibises were used. The pecten was of pleated type. As in most bird species, it was located on the optic nerve head and projects into the vitreous from the optic nerve head. The wider basal part was observed to attached to retina and its free apical part was found in camera vitrea bulbi embedded in corpus vitreum. The pecten had 13-14 accordion like pleats lying between the basal and apical parts. In addition to arterial and venous vessels, numerous capillary vessels as well as melanocytes were observed within each pleat. The bridge binding the pleats at the apical part showed a stronger pigmentation compared to other parts of the pecten. The results of the study indicated that the general morphology of pecten oculi in northern bald ibises which is a migratory bird species were similar to that in other diurnal bird species.

The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of endoscopic removal of small (less than 10 mm) colon polyps with a cold snare on the basis of endoscopic microstructural analysis of the edges of the post-resection defect using high-resolution video endoscopic equipment.Methods. In 74 patients (22 men and 52 women) aged 28 to 84 years (average age 59.3 ± 3.6 years), 103 colon polyps of types 0-IIa — 82 (79.7 %) and 0-Is — 21 (20.3 %), without the signs of severe dysplasia and cancer, were removed through the endoscope by the using of a cold snare, followed by mandatory inspection of the edges of the post-resection defect. A complete endoscopic analysis of the microstructures and the capillary vessels of the mucosa was performed on the edge of the post-resection defect, and then was compared to the histological image.Results. The endoscopic criteria for completely performed cold snare resection were identified, they are parallel crypts and the structure of intestinal pits of type I (S. Kudo) in the edge of the post-resection defect, which were observed in 93 (90.3 %) cases. Signs of residual tissue were dilated altered crypts with a violation of the parallelism of their location, which were observed in 10 (9.7 %) cases. The difference between the spatial location of crypts in the rectum (the effect of “falling crypts”) was identified, which complicates the differential diagnosis of normal and residual tumor tissue. In the endoscopic diagnosis of the vascular pattern of the colon mucosa was determined that flat-elevated polyps have a fine capillary network, which reduces the risk of bleeding when use a cold resection method. An observation (diagnostic colonoscopy) was performed in 11 (10.7 %) patients, including a case with the polyp with high grade displasia. No advance adenomas and interval cancers were detected.Conclusion. Тhis research helps to ensure reliable diagnosis of the completeness of performed endoscopic intervention and the possibility of removal of residual tumor tissue (if present) immediately after its completion, it’s allow a reduction in the number of recurrences of tumors.

Angiogenesis is the physiological process of new blood vessel formation from existing capillary vessels or posterior capillary veins. Its dysfunction could result in a number of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer, contributing to death and disability worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of novel identified RNA molecules with a special covalent loop structure without a 5' cap and 3' tail, which can lead to novel back-splicing or skipping events from precursor mRNAs. Accumulating evidence suggests that circRNA play critical roles in diseases; in particular, they are abundantly and abnormally expressed in angiogenesis-related diseases. In this review, we describe the role of circRNA under pathological conditions, discuss the association between circRNA and angiogenesis, classify the regulatory mechanisms and suggest that circRNA can be used as potential therapeutic targets for angiogenesis-related diseases under clinical evaluation.

Hyaluronidases enhance therapeutic drug transport by breaking down the hyaluronan barrier to lymphatic and capillary vessels, facilitating their tissue absorption. Commercially available hyaluronidases are bovine in origin; however, they pose risks such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy. The present study aimed to develop a novel, highly active hyaluronidase and assess its function. Therefore, in order to find the most efficient active hyaluronidase, we produced several shortened hyaluronidases with partial removal of the N- or C-terminal regions. Moreover, we created an enzyme that connected six histidines onto the end of the hyaluronidase C-terminus. This simplified subsequent purification using Ni2+ affinity chromatography, making it feasible to industrialize this highly active recombinant hyaluronidase which exhibited catalytic activity equal to that of the commercial enzyme. Therefore, this simple and effective isolation method could increase the availability of recombinant hyaluronidase for research and clinical purposes.

Purpose:to conduct morphohistochemical and immunohistochemical study of arterial unstable atherosclerotic plaques for assessment of the state of smooth muscle cells (SMC) and macrophages.Materials and methods.The surgical material of the peripheral arteries (femoral, popliteal, external carotid) was obtained from 50 patients aged over 60 years, followed by morphohistochemical, immunohistochemical studies.Results.Hyperplasia of secretory smooth muscle cells (SMC), and new formation of thin-walled capillary vessels was noted in unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Macrophagic infiltration was detected in the intima of arteries, in places of accumulation of foam cells.Conclusion.Unstable atherosclerotic plaque is a cellular-intercellular process with the participation of lipids, macrophages, and with predominance of SMC and newly formed vessels.

Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most exciting and widely used materials. A new method of nanographene oxide (n-GO) formation is presented. The described unique sequence of ultrasonication in dimethyl sulfoxide solution allows us to obtain different sizes of n-GO sheets by controlling the timing of the cutting and re-aggregation processes. The obtained n-GO exhibits only minor spectral changes, mainly due to the formation of S-containing surface groups, thus, it can be concluded that the material is not reduced during the process. Maintaining the initial oxygen functionalities together with the required nano-size (down to 200 nm) and high homogeneity are beneficial for extensive applications of n-GO. Moreover, we prove that the obtained material is evidently biocompatible. The calculated half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) increases by 5-fold, i.e., from 50 to 250 µg/mL, when GO is converted to n-GO. As a consequence, the new n-GO neither disturbs blood flow even in the narrowest capillaries nor triggers a toxic influence in surrounding cells. Thus, it can be a serious candidate for drugs and biomolecule carriers administered systemically.

Background/aim We aimed to investigate the topical application of mitomycin-C (MMC) after the conventional tracheostomy in a rabbit model. Materials and methods Twenty-four male New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided among 3 equal groups (n: 8). Trache- ostomies were performed on 16 subjects. Group 1 which served as a control for all tracheal measurements. After tracheostomy, we applied sterile saline (group 2) or MMC at 0.8 mg/mL (group 3) around the tracheotomy site for 5 min. At the 3rd week after surgery, all tracheas were subjected to morphometric and histopathological examinations, including tracheal lumen diameter (LD), number of capillary vessels (CV), subepithelial tissue thickness (SETT), fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells (IC). Results There was a statistically significant difference between the two tracheostomy groups themselves and the control group for LD (p = 0.035), CV (p = 0.006), SETT, fibroblasts, and IC (p < 0.001). Histopathological analysis showed the decreased LD, CV, SETT, IC, and fibroblasts compared to MMC with tracheostomy groups. MMC was more effective than saline for LD, CV, SETT, IC, and fibroblasts. Conclusion Wound healing modulation may prevent scar formation. Fibrosis decreased following tracheostomy in the group treated with MMC. Fibroblasts appear to be key cells mediating these effects.

Vertebrates have acquired complex high-order functions facilitated by the dispersion of vascular and neural networks to every corner of the body. Blood vessels deliver oxygen and nutrients to all cells and provide essential transport systems for removing waste products. For these functions, tissue vascularization must be spatiotemporally appropriate. Recent studies revealed that blood vessels create a tissue-specific niche, thus attracting attention as biologically active sites for tissue development. Each capillary network is critical for maintaining proper brain function because age-related and disease-related impairment of cognitive function is associated with the loss or diminishment of brain capillaries. This review article highlights how structural and functional alterations in the brain vessels may change with age and neurogenerative diseases. Capillaries are also responsible for filtering toxic byproducts, providing an appropriate vascular environment for neuronal function. Accumulation of amyloid β is a key event in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have focused on associations reported between Alzheimer's disease and vascular aging. Furthermore, the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic systems contribute to a functional unit for clearance of amyloid β from the brain from the central nervous system into the cervical lymph nodes. This review article will also focus on recent advances in stem cell therapies that aim at repopulation or regeneration of a degenerating vascular system for neural diseases.

Background A surgical line production system using loupes to dissect lymphatics and veins is a cost-effective way of performing multiple lymphaticovenular anastomoses. There is an art to successful dissection of lymphatics under loupes, and selection of the correct loupe magnification is important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a detailed description of how to dissect lymphatics under loupes. Patients and Methods Dissection of lymphatics under loupes was performed for a series of 13 patients. Lymphatics are transparent threadlike structures that are arranged longitudinally and may be oriented with feeding capillary vessels. At the start of dissection, it is helpful to have a reference scale in the field of vision when operating to appreciate the size of the structures seen under loupes. It is also helpful to be able to separate lymphatics from fat tissue in the background. Results Mean time for exploration under loupes was 25 ± 7 minutes; lymphatics were successfully found in 27 sites (90%) of the 30 attempted with failure to identify lymphatics in three sites (10%) and failure to identify veins in three sites (10%); the average size of the lymphatics was found to be 0.5 ± 0.2 mm. No lymphatics could be found by the microscopes after loupes exploration in two sites. Discussion Even a novice surgeon can identify lymphatics based on knowledge of the visual characteristics of these structures. However, a higher magnification is likely necessary for accurate discrimination.

Rainbow watersnake is a snake that can be found in ponds, has a relatively medium body, a maximum length of 80 cm, generally between 50-60 cm, small-headed, a rather large belly, and short-tailed. The aim of this study is to determine the structure of the histology of the lungs of watersnake (Enhydris enhydris). This study used a sample of 3 watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) with a body length of ± 50 cm. This study conducted a micro technical method with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Data obtained from the results of this study were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of images. Macroscopic observations of the warp in snakes are long, most of the trachea attaches to the warp, and there are water sacs or swimming pouches at the tip of the warp, as well as the histological features of the snakes' warp, alveolar ducts, alveolar sac and alveoli, the histological structure of the lungs in watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) consist of type 1 alveoli epithelial cells, type 2 alveoli cells, muscle bundles, connective tissue, capillary vessels, and macrophage cells. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the histological structure of the watersnake (Enhydris enhydris) lung is different from the histological structure of the reptile function in general. In the lungs of watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) only consists of alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli, and the presence of water sacs at the ends of the lungs.

INTRODUCTION The field of medicine takes steps forward every day. Although some aspects of our organism seem clear, scientific discoveries also affect fields such as anatomy. Recently, transcortical vessels (TCVs) have been debated, although it was thought that cortical bones were not interested by these structures. This would upset some concepts of oral surgery, maxillofacial surgery, periodontics and implantology. EVIDENCE ACQUSITION In this study an analysis of the literature on this topic was carried out, and it is proposed to understand the possible implications of TCVs to the oral health. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Being a current topic, the aim of the study is to promote research in this field, leading to the evidence of these anatomical structures in the maxillofacial district. This study is of a prospective type, there are no other results that speak of these vessels in the maxillofacial district, waiting for a histological study. CONCLUSIONS The purpose of the study, therefore, is to shed light on this topic, so that the research could move in this direction.

The lung consists of branched structures that are anatomically, developmentally and functionally divided into airway and alveolar regions. Each region contributes to lung-specific functions involving a defense system and gas exchange, and their dysfunction can cause fatal lung diseases. In the alveolar region, the cuboidal alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells account for 90% of the alveolar epithelial cells and serve as the tissue stem cells secreting pulmonary surfactant, and flattened alveolar type I (AT1) cells cover most of the alveolar surface directly contributing to gas exchange adjacent to capillary vessels. It has been difficult to culture alveolar epithelial cells in vitro, as the lineage-specific features of those cells are rapidly lost in a conventional two-dimensional culture setting. The culture of alveolar organoids (AOs) is an emerging technique that can help maintain the features of alveolar epithelial cells in vitro, and their application to human disease modeling is eagerly awaited. We herein describe our method of generating and culturing alveolar epithelial cells and AOs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). iPSCs derived from lung disease patients, including those with rare genetic diseases, will make help elucidate the disease mechanism and hopefully identify therapeutic targets.

The pecten oculi is a highly vascularized and pigmented organ that projects from the optic disc into the vitreous body in the avian eye. In this study, the pecten oculi of Turkey's native Gerze chicken was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the localization of some adherens junction components (E-cadherin and pan-cadherin) in intact vessels of the blood-retina barrier was investigated by immunohistochemistry. In the Gerze chicken, the pecten oculi was a thin structure, which was located over the head of the discus nervi optici and projected from the retina into the corpus vitreum. The pecten oculi consisted of 18-21 highly vascularized pleats, joined apically by a bridge and resembled an accordion in appearance. Hyalocytes and melanocytes were observed around the small and large vessels. The morphometric data of the pecten oculi showed that there were no statistical differences in terms of sex. The immunohistochemical analysis of the pecten oculi, which is used as a model for the investigation of the formation and maturation of the barrier properties in the central nervous system, revealed cytoplasmic E-cadherin and pan-cadherin immunoreactivity in the endothelial cells of the small, large and capillary vessels. These observations suggest that while the morphological and histological structure of the Gerze chicken's pecten oculi was generally similar to that of other diurnal domestic birds, the pecten oculi, a model system for vascular differentiation and the blood-retina barrier, expressed different cadherins.

In this study, the effects on the maintenance of normal bloodstream by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated in the parallel‐group randomized double‐blind study using supplement containing Pantoea agglomerans LPS (201.5 μg/tablet as LPS). Screening was previously performed in the implementation of the study. Adult males and females with normal value to borderline (healthy subjects) in the hematologic parameters, for which reference values were given, were chosen in this study. The period of ingestion of the supplement was 3 months. As the result, a significant decrease in the rate of change (the ratio when the baseline was 1) of HbA1c, which is a glycative stress marker, was found in the group which ingested LPS supplement after 3 months. Also, a significant increase in the number of fingertip capillary vessels was found compared with the control group. From these results, the effects of the maintenance of bloodstream by ingestion of LPS were shown.

The purpose of this article is to report a case of hemoptysis occurring in combination with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax following chemical pleurodesis by talc. A Japanese male with cancer of renal pelvis was found with the left pneumothorax and multiple lung metastases. A computed-tomography scan revealed severe emphysema throughout the lungs. Talc pleurodesis was employed to arrest air leakage. The patient developed hemoptysis 45 minutes after talc injection into the thorax. This is the first report of hemoptysis following talc pleurodesis. The agent could induce severe inflammation in capillary vessels of the lung following visceral pleura infiltration.

NF is a benign soft tissue tumor of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic differentiation that was first reported in 1955 by Konwaler et al. [1]. Goodlad et al.s

Purpose: To clarify the relationship between fluorescein angiography (FA) leakage after infliximab therapy and ocular attack relapse in patients with ocular Behcet's disease (BD). Methods: Patients with ocular BD were divided into two groups based on the presence (Group 1) or absence (Group 2) of ocular attacks after IFX therapy. FA leakage was evaluated by FA score in each of the optic discs, macula, large retinal vessels, and capillary vessels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between FA score after IFX therapy and ocular attack relapse. Results: The areas under the curves obtained from the ROC curve of optic disc score and capillary vessels score after IFX therapy were 0.867 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.788-0.946) and 0.788 (95% CI: 0.649-0.927), respectively. Conclusions: FA leakage in the optic disc and capillary vessels after IFX therapy was strongly related to ocular attack relapse.

Tail artifact removed enface OCT angiogram of deeper layer in vivo mouse cortex. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a surging non-invasive, label-free, in vivo volumetric imaging method, currently being translated to clinical ophthalmology and becoming popular in neuroscience. Despite its attractiveness, there is an inherent issue of using OCT angiograms for quantitative cerebrovascular studies: The dynamic scattering of moving erythrocytes within pial vasculature creates tail-like artifacts that shadow the capillary vessels in the deeper layers of cortex. This false flow effect is relatively benign for qualitative visualization purposes, but it might have a significant impact on quantitative interpretation of angiographic results. In this work, we propose a simple image processing method to remove these tail artifacts in depth-resolved OCTA images using an adaptive enface mask generated with OCT structural images. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by comparing vessel densities and vessel similarities of depth-resolved OCT angiograms in a stroke study in a rodent model, in vivo. Thanks to the ability of seeing through the tails of pial vessels, capillary vessels beneath these vessels could be recovered to some extend in the deeper layers of mouse cerebral cortex, leading to a more accurate quantification.

We report a 33-year-old pregnant patient (first pregnancy; 32nd week) who presented with telangiectasias distributed in a linear and unilateral pattern involving her left scapular region, which had appeared a week before (figure 1A). Pregnancy had been unremarkable and the results of laboratory investigations were within normal limits or compatible with the gestation period. A punch biopsy was obtained from lesional skin and the histopathological examination showed dilatated capillary vessels in [...]

Background: Macular contraction after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections for diabetic macular edema (DME) was evaluated by documenting the displacement of macular capillary vessels and epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation. Methods: A total of 130 eyes were included in this retrospective study. The study group consisted of 63 eyes which had intravitreal anti-VEGF injections for DME, and the control group included 67 eyes without central DME. The study and the control groups were well balanced in terms of diabetes duration and HbA1c. The distances between the bifurcation of the macular capillary retinal vessels were measured, and ERM status was evaluated based on spectral-OCT findings on the initial and final visit. Results: In the study group, the mean number of injections was 4.7 ± 2.6 (3–14). The mean follow-up time was 16.7 ± 7.8 months in the study group whereas it was 20.7 ± 10.9 months in the control group (p = 0.132). The change in distance measurements between the reference points on macular capillary vessels was significant in all lines except line c (p < 0.05 for lines a, b, d, e, and f) in the study group whereas it was significant in only line e in the control group (p = 0.007, paired samples test). However, when the change in macular thickness was accounted as a confounding factor, the change in distances between the references points from the initial visit to the final visit lost its significance (repeated measures ANCOVA, p > 0.05). During follow-up, the number of cases with ERM changed from 10 to 12 in the study group whereas it remained three in the control group. Conclusion: There was a displacement of macular capillary vessels which was associated with the change in macular thickness in eyes having anti-VEGF injections for DME. The number of ERM cases did not change significantly during the follow-up. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

A variety of diseases can lead to loss of lung tissue. Currently, this can be treated only symptomatically. In mice, a complete compensatory lung growth within 21 days after resection of the left lung can be observed. Understanding and transferring this concept of compensatory lung growth to humans would greatly improve therapeutic options. Lung growth is always accompanied by a process called angiogenesis forming new capillary blood vessels from preexisting ones. Among the processes during lung growth, the formation of transluminal tissue pillars within the capillary vessels (intussusceptive pillars) is observed. Therefore, pillars can be understood as an indicator for active angiogenesis and microvascular remodelling. Thus, their detection is very valuable when aiming at characterization of compensatory lung growth. In a vascular corrosion cast, these pillars appear as small holes that pierce the vessels. So far, pillars were detected visually only based on 2D images. Our approach relies on high-resolution synchrotron microcomputed tomographic images. With a voxel size of 370 nm we exploit the spatial information provided by this imaging technique and present the first algorithm to semiautomatically detect intussusceptive pillars. An at least semiautomatic detection is essential in lung research, as manual pillar detection is not feasible due to the complexity and size of the 3D structure. Using our algorithm, several thousands of pillars can be detected and subsequently analysed, e.g. regarding their spatial arrangement, size and shape with an acceptable amount of human interaction. In this paper, we apply our novel pillar detection algorithm to compute pillar densities of different specimens. These are prepared such that they show different growing states. Comparing the corresponding pillar densities allows to investigate lung growth over time.

The principal objective of the present work was to evaluate the influence of impulse magnetic therapy on the state of the microcirculatory system in the patients presenting with lymphedema of the lower extremities.The study included 59 patients with stage of 1 and 2 lymphedema who were divided into two groups. Those comprising the first group had impulse magnetic therapy applied to their lower extremities while the patients making up the second group served as controls. All the patients were examined with the use of the laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) that revealed the initially present pathological changes in the microcirculatory system of their lower extremities.The study has demonstrated that the application of impulse magnetic therapy produced a positive effect on all the constituent components of the microcirculatory blood stream of the patients suffering from lymphedema of the lower extremities. Specifically, the initially increased arteriolar tonus was decreased, the blood flow in the capillary vessels was improved, and congestive phenomena in the venular segments of the microcirculation blood stream were markedly reduced. The results of the LDF examination in the control group gave no evidence of significant changes in the patients' microcirculatory system. The results of the LDF examination of the patients of the control group suggested the absence of any appreciable changes in the microcirculatory system.The present study has demonstrated the advisability of the application of impulse magnetic therapy for the treatment of the patients presenting with lymphedema of the lower extremities as a minimally invasive technique for the evaluation of the condition of the microcirculatory system and the objective assessment of the effectiveness of the outcomes of physiotherapy in the patients with vascular pathology.Цель - изучить влияние импульсной магнитотерапии на состояние микроциркуляции у больных лимфедемой нижних конечностей. Материал и методы. В исследование были включены 59 пациентов с лимфедемой нижних конечностей I и II стадий. Все больные были разделены на 2 группы: в 1-й группе проводились процедуры импульсной магнитотерапии на область нижних конечностей, во 2-й группе - плацебо-воздействия. Результаты. С помощью метода лазерной допплеровской флоуметрии (ЛДФ) были получены данные, свидетельствующие об исходных патологических изменениях в системе микроциркуляции у больных лимфедемой нижних конечностей. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что у пациентов с лимфедемой нижних конечностей применение импульсной магнитотерапии оказывает выраженное положительное влияние на все звенья микроциркуляторного русла: снизился изначально повышенный тонус артериол, улучшился кровоток в капиллярах, уменьшились застойные явления в венулярном звене. Во 2-й группе пациентов достоверных изменений по показателям ЛДФ не отмечено. Вывод. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о целесообразности применения импульсной магнитотерапии при лечении больных лимфедемой нижних конечностей. ЛДФ как неинвазивный метод оценки состояния микроциркуляции может служить объективным критерием результативности физиотерапевтических воздействий у пациентов с сосудистой патологией.

Objective: Hesperidin (HES) is a flavonoid which is contained in citrus fruit peel. It has physiological effects on blood vessels such as strengthening capillary vessels. Thus, it is known to be one of the effective ingredients of herbal medicine. Some studies have shown that the intake of HES decreases blood pressure (BP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The antihypertensive effect of HES is suggested to be due to vasodilation by nitric oxide (NO). However, its mechanism has not been clarified in detail. In this study, we observed whether HES intake decreases BP in 2-kidney, 1-clip renovasucular hypertensive rats (2K1C) and evaluated endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) mRNA to investigate its role in the mechanism. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were treated with sham operation (SHAM) or clipping the left renal artery (2K1C). After surgery, the rats started receiving continuously a control diet (C) or a diet containing 0.1% (w/w) HES for 6 weeks. The systolic BP (SBP) was measured by a tail-cuff method every week. At the end of the protocol, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was measured in each rat under anesthesia. Then, the aortas were removed for extracting mRNA. eNOS mRNA expression was evaluated using real-time RT-PCR. Results: At the end of the protocol, SBP in 2K1C-C was significantly higher than in SHAM-C (170±6 vs 117±6 mmHg, p p p Conclusion: Continuous intake of HES may suppress BP increase in 2K1C. The role of eNOS mRNA expression may not be involved in the mechanism.

Background The potential effects of adding pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) or platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) to beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) graft substitute on bone formation and regeneration after maxillary sinus-floor elevation remains unclear. Purpose To compare the histologic and histomorphometric outcomes of maxillary sinus-floor augmentation among β-TCP alone, P-PRP-mixed β-TCP, and PRF-mixed β-TCP. Material and Methods In this randomized clinical trial, elevated sinus cavities were grafted with β-TCP (the control group), P-PRP-mixed β-TCP (the P-PRP group), and PRF-mixed β-TCP (PRF group). The sample was composed of 26 patients: 9 subjects in control and P-PRP groups, and 8 subjects in PRF group. After a 6-month, healing period, bone graft biopsies were harvested prior to implant placement, and the specimens were analyzed. The main outcome variables included findings of histologic and histomorphometric analyses of the bone graft biopsies. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Results The mean percentages of new bone formations were 33.40 ± 10.43%, 34.83 ± 10.12%, and 32.03 ± 6.34% in control, P-PRP, and PRF groups, respectively, with no significant differences (P > .05). Mean percentages of residual graft particle area were 30.39 ± 10.29%, 28.98 ± 7.94%, and 32.66 ± 7.46% in control, P-PRP, and PRF groups, respectively, with no significant differences (P > .05). The mean percentages of soft-tissue area were 36.21 ± 10.59%, 36.19 ± 13.94%, and 35.31 ± 10.81% in control, P-PRP, and PRF groups, respectively, with no significant differences (P > .05). Mean densities of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and capillary vessels showed insignificant difference between groups (P > .05), but osteoprogenitor cells were lower and inflammatory cells were higher in the PRF group than those in other groups (P

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a distinctive lymphocyte rich vasoformative proliferation comprising epithelioid-appearing endothelial cells with partially canalized capillary vessels in a lymphohistiocytic and eosinophil rich environment. ALHE presents clinically as single or multiple pink-brown dome-shaped papules or nodules, most commonly on the ear and peri-auricular area, followed by the face, and scalp. ALHE involving the subungual unit is rare with only 5 previously reported cases and all involved the underlying bone. The authors describe a case of a painful subungual nodule of the left 1st fingernail in a 48-year-old woman. An excisional biopsy was performed confirming a diagnosis of ALHE. There was no bone involvement and immediately following excision of the tumor, there was complete resolution of her symptoms. Our patient’s presentation expands upon the clinical and histopathological spectrum of subungual ALHE.

PURPOSE:To investigate the blood vessels' concentration in TRAM flap's rat model, in the presence of pentoxifylline.METHODS: 32 male, Wistar-EPM rats were divided into two groups. Control group (C): 0.5 ml of saline, intraperitoneally, once a day, for seven days before flap elevation; PTX group (P): pentoxifylline (20mg/kg/day), intraperitoneally, for seven days before flap elevation. After that, they were submitted to a caudal unipedicle TRAM flap. On the fifth postoperative day, percentages of flap necrosis were determined via the "paper template" method and Tram flap's zone IV skin biopsies were taken for histological analysis.RESULTS: the mean percentage of flap necrosis in group C was 58.7 % and in group P, 31.1 (Wilcoxon test; p = 0.003). Mean capillary vessels number in zone IV's skin in C group was 33.4 and in P group was 71.9 (p=0.008).CONCLUSIONS:Pentoxifylline was effective reducing the necrosis in the caudal unipedicle TRAM flap in the rat as well as increasing the number of capillaries in an ischemic zone (zone IV).

Purpose: Relationship between CT or MR images and histological findings, especially vascularity, has not been adequately evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate correlation between contrast enhancement on CT and MRI and histological findings in posterior mediastinal ganglioneuromas. Materials and Methods: Contrast-enhanced (CE) CT (n = 11) and CE MRI (n = 5) of 12 patients with ganglioneuroma were reviewed. The attenuation, signal intensity, and dynamic enhancement pattern of the tumors were evaluated. The vascularity was histologically evaluated by the numbers of vessels. Results: Enhancement on CE-CT was none, mild, moderate, and high enhancement in 5 (45%), 2 (18%), 3 (27%), and 1 (9%) of the 11 lesions, respectively. Dynamic MRI showed mild, moderate and high enhancement in 3 (60%), 1 (20%) and 1 (20%) cases, respectively. The level of contrast enhancement correlated well only with the number of capillary vessels (r = 0.79, P = 0.0037). Conclusion: The posterior mediastinal ganglioneuromas sometimes show insufficient enhancement particularly on CE-CT. The level of enhancement might correlate with the amount of capillary vessels.

Using a high‐fidelity, 3D computational model of blood flow in microvascular networks, we provide the full 3D distribution of wall shear stress (WSS), and its gradient (WSSG), and quantify the influence of red blood cells (RBCs) on WSS and WSSG. The deformation and flow dynamics of the individual RBCs are accurately resolved in the model, while physiologically realistic microvascular networks comprised of multiple bifurcations, convergences, and tortuous vessels are considered. A strong heterogeneity in WSS and WSSG is predicted across the networks, with the highest WSS occurring in precapillary bifurcations and capillary vessels. 3D variations of WSS and WSSG are shown to occur due to both network morphology and the influence of RBCs. The RBCs increase the WSS by as much as three times compared to that when no RBCs are present, and the highest increase is observed in venules. WSSG also increases significantly, and high WSSGs occur over wider regions in the presence of RBCs. In most vessels, the circumferential component of WSSG is observed to be greater than the axial component in the presence of RBCs, while the opposite trend is observed when RBCs are not considered. These results underscore the important role of RBCs on WSS and WSSG that cannot be predicted by widely used 1D models of network blood flow. Furthermore, the subendothelium‐scale variations of WSS and WSSG predicted by the present model have implications in terms of endothelial cell functions in the microvasculature.