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Online labor platforms (OLP) are transforming long-established employment relations, raising questions for researchers and policymakers alike as to the social justice implications of this increasingly pervasive, algorithmic, and platform-mediated form of work. In investigating this issue, this paper makes a case for complementing current category-based approaches to social justice, prevalent in literature and policy on OLPs, with a flow-oriented approach that recognizes the diversity of gig work trajectories when it comes to the situated enactment of social (in)justice. Inspired by the recent work of Tim Ingold and building upon seminal work on social justice by Rawls and Sen, we develop a synthetic framework for revealing the social justice implications of OLPs, in terms of the enactment of opportunities and/or barriers, from three perspectives: access to resources, capabilities to function, and correspondences with flows. The latter perspective temporally reinterprets the former two and offers a processual flow-oriented approach to social justice. We further substantiate and showcase the added value of our approach through an empirical investigation of different gig work stories on the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform and discuss how our flow-oriented approach leads to revealing social justice implications not foregrounded through other approaches. Specifically, we develop three flow-oriented social justice tests that can be applied in various OLP contexts to assess their social justice implications. Finally, we derive remedial design and policy principles that can serve to reshape dialogue about social justice on OLPs, both theoretically and practically, in a manner that is more relevant and responsive to the fluid and evolving realities faced by gig workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct observation is a method used as part of an assessment of proficiency for pre-qualifying social work practice placements which are an essential part of social work programmes overseen by universities at undergraduate (BASW) and postgraduate level (MSW) in England. Observing practice, which is a part of the process of assessment using the Professional Capabilities Framework domains (TCSW, 2012) has become pivotal for students in their preparation to appreciate the extent of skills and knowledge required to become a social worker. This research offers perspectives from practice educators on their experiences of the observation of practice looking at how it is currently used and its effectiveness at assessing student’s social work practice. Focus groups were held with practice educators to examine the direct observation in more depth. The findings illustrated its vital role in confirming practice abilities and how it was considered to reveal aspects of practice which can only be seen by observing in a real context. It deepened our understanding of how the observation in itself is emotive for both educators and students. It offered new perspectives on its role for dual reflexivity and potential areas for enhancement (Ruch, 2015). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like other key terms in the medical and health humanities—empathy, creativity, and reflection, to name just a few—wellness has become a weasel word, rife the language of optimization, duty, and self-perception. While alternative vocabularies exist—well-being and quality of life among them—these options usually privilege the objectives of academic (often psychological) research, health institutions, and the economic state apparatus, rather than people themselves. In mind of these concerns, why attempt to make a case for wellness at all? We present a historically informed, theoretically driven, praxis-guided framework for a renewed vision of social wellness (a concept first defined in the late 1950s). While definitions since Bill Hettler's "hexagonal" model (1980) have included mutual respect for others and the assumption of cooperative behaviors, conspicuously absent from contemporary definitions and usage is any mention of the aesthetic realm, which we—alongside philosophers like Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum—take as a central human capability. How can the relational possibilities of arts engagement be understood as not just a means of promoting individual wellness, but also as a method and outcome of social wellness? We propose that social wellness is ultimately premised on the interplay between wellness of the collective and the strength of the relational encounters it engenders. We turn to a key practice paradigm—community arts engagement—as both a vehicle for and site of social wellness. With brief reference to a Canadian exemplar, we conclude with concrete recommendations for addressing critical opportunities for advancing arts-led social wellness initiatives involving academic and community partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policy highlightsThe majority of English Local Authorities (LAs) have set targets to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 or sooner, despite having no formal responsibilities to do so. However, it is questionable whether LAs are able to deliver these plans and targets whilst they are subject to significant operational pressures. This analysis applies the international “equity” framework of Common But Differentiated Responsibility and Respective Capabilities to the case of English LAs. The research evaluates responses from 28 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from across levels of government, different sectors, and regions of England. We evaluate the drivers of inequalities in capabilities to implement climate action between LAs, and how these inequalities could be reduced through a number of governance interventions. Though the introduction of a statutory responsibility is frequently discussed in the literature, its perceived viability and equity have not been empirically assessed by stakeholders. We therefore evaluate stakeholder perspectives on whether this would be a fair mechanism for allocating responsibility to the local scale. We find that economic, social and political aspects of capability are interdependent, and that current governance arrangements tend to reinforce patterns of inequality in capability. We offer a series of policy recommendations to improve equity in burden-sharing between LAs, finding that funding reform and a well-designed and well-resourced statutory responsibility could be both effective and fair.The governance of local climate action in England reinforces existing inequalities in economic, social and political capability between Local Authorities (LAs).Though councils are currently taking action voluntarily, further support is required to ensure councils can equitably meet their net zero ambitions.A statutory responsibility would improve equity in burden-sharing for mitigation between councils, provided it was well-designed and resourced.A statutory responsibility could introduce a reporting component that would provide an evidence base to target greater support to councils that need it.Equity-based funding systems are proposed as a means of respecting the variable capabilities of different LAs.The governance of local climate action in England reinforces existing inequalities in economic, social and political capability between Local Authorities (LAs).Though councils are currently taking action voluntarily, further support is required to ensure councils can equitably meet their net zero ambitions.A statutory responsibility would improve equity in burden-sharing for mitigation between councils, provided it was well-designed and resourced.A statutory responsibility could introduce a reporting component that would provide an evidence base to target greater support to councils that need it.Equity-based funding systems are proposed as a means of respecting the variable capabilities of different LAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the interplay between capability and complexity within the context of military forces. The findings here describe how these two concepts intersect and highlight the capability definitions, themes, challenges, opportunities, and applications. By running a thorough review of 314 articles, 10 key research themes have been identified, including: 1) Capability Development and Assessment, 2) Regional Defence Studies, 3) Technological Advancements in Military, 4) Strategic Analysis, 5) Operational Tactics, 6) Defence Industry Dynamics, 7) Organisational and Management Aspects, 8) Cybersecurity and Network Capabilities, 9) Military Training and Exercises, and 10) Policy and Political Implications. Among these themes, the literature highlights the importance of a subtle understanding of capability and complexity for well-informed decision-making in military and defence domains. Moreover, this study identifies gaps in existing research and emphasises the need for a coherent theoretical framework to guide decision-makers for military capability acquisitions. The findings have implications for enhancing national security, defence capability planning and resource allocation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, meat consumption has faced growing scrutiny from an environmental, health, and animal welfare perspective. As a result, reducing meat consumption has emerged as an important strategy to mitigate its negative effects. Flexitarians, a growing group of meat reducers, have attracted attention for potentially shaping future dietary trends. This study uses a qualitative approach and draws on 15 in-depth interviews with young flexitarians in Slovenia (YFS) to identify the main facilitators and barriers to meat reduction by exploring their motivations, capabilities, and opportunities as described in the COM-B behavioral model. This study fills the gap in studies on flexitarians using the COM-B model by looking at capabilities and opportunities, not solely motives. In addition, it fills the gap in qualitative in-depth studies on all three COM-B categories, as well as a gap in studies conducted outside northwest Europe and other primarily western geographical contexts. This study highlights important findings for the central and eastern European context that industry and governments should consider when developing behavior change strategies for healthy, sustainable diets. This study shows that strong rural family ties and limited access to meat alternatives are the major barriers to meat reduction in Slovenia. The YFS preferred whole, unprocessed foods (legumes, vegetables, grains) over processed meat alternatives and reduced their meat consumption primarily for health and environmental reasons, relying on social support from peers and information from popular documentaries and social media influencers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design, delivery and operation of a large-scale infrastructure project are challenging at best. For the Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) prototype powerplant (SPP), the challenges increased dramatically. In addition to being a large-scale infrastructure project, it is a cutting edge, first of a kind (FOAK) technology demonstrator. The design teams are working in a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environment, where technology is constantly emerging, maturing and changing. STEP will be unlike any power plant ever built and requires the development of new technologies and capabilities, but also a novel approach to planning and maturing the design. By taking a holistic view of the engineering life cycle from the start, the programme will be better positioned to achieve an SPP that is fit for purpose and can be used to show a path to ultimate commercial viability for subsequent power plants. This paper will review the key challenges in maturing a FOAK fusion power plant and look in depth at how the STEP team are maturing the required capabilities and planning to ensure successful delivery of the SPP. This article is part of the theme issue 'Delivering Fusion Energy – The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP)'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Care is both a fundamental right for children, and central for a holistic realisation of other rights in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Children have a right to care as is necessary for his or her "well-being". Therefore, an analysis of the right to care, requires an understanding of the term well-being. In jurisprudence, well-being is underexamined. Nonetheless, there are several legal theories that are connected or relevant to care and well-being. Nevertheless, children's rights are not based on one single theoretical fundament. In this article, we examine the right to care by exploring the role of well-being and three legal theories: vulnerability theory; care theory; and the capability approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the impact of database quality, reputation, credibility, and comprehensiveness on graduate students' information use with the mediating role of empowerment at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The design of the study is descriptive-causal. The research instrument is a questionnaire. Cronbach's test was used to check the reliability of the questionnaire. The results of this test were equal to 0.842, which showed the excellent reliability of the questionnaire. The research population included all graduate students (N= 5137) of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Research sample (N=358) graduates were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table via random sampling. The results showed that the quality of database resources has a positive and significant effect on the use of database resources among the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz graduate students. In addition, the reputation of database resources has a positive and significant effect on the use of database resources. The results also indicated a positive and significant effect of resource validity on the use of information resources. Furthermore, the comprehensiveness of resources positively and significantly affected the graduates' receipt, use, and ability to use resources. Finally, the implications suggest that the quality of information resources on the receipt and use of information affect the comprehensiveness of information resources and the use of resources mediated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use Sen's capability approach to identify factors able to increase the effective freedom of working parents when deciding the length of their parental leave. We conducted a factorial survey experiment (FSE) with a Spanish sample of employees aged between 25 and 45. Respondents were asked to imagine that they were first-time parents and several descriptions of hypothetical situations or vignettes (where aspects of the leave system, workplace and family environment were randomly varied) were presented to them. Our goal was to identify the causal effect of a number of dimensions on their hypothetical decisions about the total number of weeks they would be on parental leave. A longer statutory duration and a higher replacement rate (of the paid part of the leave), having job security, and a workplace with friendly practices and cultures, were found to have a significant positive impact on the duration of parental leave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest in Professional Development (PD) in learning and teaching in Higher Education (HE) has seen an increase in the last few years owing to the evolving role of HE teaching academics in the futures of students and their employment. In Australia, while there is evidence that research in learning and teaching PD is growing, these studies appear sporadic and confined to predetermined disciplinary boundaries. From a practice perspective, the fragmented nature of the literature confounds the issues related to the uptake of learning and teaching PD by academics. It is proposed that a scoping literature review of studies of learning and teaching PD in Australian universities is necessary in identifying attributes within the sector, and will illustrate the gaps in the literature related to professional practice. A typology of the interrelated patterns of the attributes that emerge from the scoping review is presented. This typology has practical implications for both teaching academics and academic developers who respectively engage with and implement PD strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary purpose of this paper is to call for more research on the competencies needed to promote sustainable urban development. Our premise is that sustainable urban development does not occur without transcending differing interests and identifying novel ways to collaborate across organisational and institutional boundaries. Relatedly, sustainable urban development calls for mobilisation and pooling of scattered assets. Therefore, sustainable urban development calls for enhanced competencies that significantly differ from the traditional capabilities valued in public administration. This premise leads us to determine what competencies are needed to support sustainable urban development and to ask how fragmented capabilities can be pooled to serve the common purpose. Sustainable urban development necessitates transformative system change, dependent on diverse stakeholders, relying on many actors’ knowledge and capabilities instead of a few selected actors’ expertise. To achieve a systemic perspective, we need to be able to group the capabilities and competencies; otherwise. We propose a conceptual framework drawing on insights from public administration, management studies, organisation studies, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that might allow us to move from individual capabilities to shared competencies and collective learning processes, thus adding analytical leverage to our efforts to strengthen the competencies embedded in systems but held by individuals. For analytical purposes, we adopt the concept of the competence set. It is geared toward identifying how different capabilities of many actors could be integrated at a systemic level so that a set would serve both the entire urban system and the actors embedded in it.

Choosing the right partners can mean the difference between success or failure at a cooperative task. Several studies in captivity have explored the extent to which animals can identify characteristics that make individuals better or worse at completing a joint task and whether animals use such information when choosing partners, with mixed evidence. Our study set out to test if free-ranging animals chose to cooperate with partners that provided a greater payoff in a cooperative task under natural conditions. We presented wild Guinea baboons (Papio papio) with paired boxes that yielded food only if operated simultaneously. The baboons could freely choose between potential partners that varied in their ability to extract food rewards from the boxes. During test trials, the baboons repeatedly solved the two-box task, though in a manner that suggests they failed to grasp the partner's role. Instead of varied partner choice, two males each monopolized access to one set of paired boxes and pulled with whichever partners sat next to them. Monopolization of the boxes did not extend to the food reward, which males allowed juveniles, females, and other males to feed on. Unfortunately, we were forced to terminate our study after only three days because the baboons behaved too aggressively toward researchers after test trials. Though we were unsuccessful in running our study to completion, our experiences can be useful for those planning cooperative field experiments in the future.

This article explores models of information use for activity, highlighting the role of information in typical activities. It proposes that altering activity is the primary mechanism through which information is used. Three types of models are presented as essential for researching these alterations: Models of information delivery: These models address questions about the message delivered, the information added to the state of a specific activity, and the nature of the information itself; Models of changes in activity: These models focus on understanding what changes occur as a result of information received, how these changes manifest, and the reasons behind them; Models of changed activity fulfillment: These models address questions about how changes in activity are realized and how the results of the altered activity align with evolving demands. Examples of such models are provided, including diagrammatic, algebraic, and measure-theoretic models. These models are expected to pave the way for future research, potentially leading to the development of a contemporary theory of information application for activity, with implications for various fields, including business informatics, applied informatics, cybernetics, and organizational theory.

This research investigates the impact of database quality, reputation, credibility, and comprehensiveness on graduate students' information use with the mediating role of empowerment at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The design of the study is descriptive-causal. The research instrument is a questionnaire. Cronbach's test was used to check the reliability of the questionnaire. The results of this test were equal to 0.842, which showed the excellent reliability of the questionnaire. The research population included all graduate students (N= 5137) of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Research sample (N=358) graduates were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table via random sampling. The results showed that the quality of database resources has a positive and significant effect on the use of database resources among the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz graduate students. In addition, the reputation of database resources has a positive and significant effect on the use of database resources. The results also indicated a positive and significant effect of resource validity on the use of information resources. Furthermore, the comprehensiveness of resources positively and significantly affected the graduates' receipt, use, and ability to use resources. Finally, the implications suggest that the quality of information resources on the receipt and use of information affect the comprehensiveness of information resources and the use of resources mediated.

The objective of this paper is to examine asset misappropriation fraud during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study examines the impact of four elements of fraud risk factors and Islamic religiosity on the propensity for fraud among employees who manage assets in government organizations. Data collection involved a questionnaire distributed to 210 employees responsible for asset management within the government organization in Indonesia. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized as a statistical method. The test results show that the theoretical model is supported by empirical data. The study revealed that pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and capability positively influence asset misappropriation with a coefficient of 0.250, 0.134, 0.211, and 0.288, respectively. These results indicate that the higher the four fraud risks, the higher the possibility of asset misappropriation in the organization. On the other hand, Islamic religiosity exhibits a negative association with asset misappropriation with a coefficient of –0.113. These results indicate that religiosity plays an important role as a preventive factor in reducing the occurrence of asset misappropriation by employees. This study contributes to limited literature exploring factors influencing occupational fraud, specifically asset misappropriation during the COVID-19 crisis. The study recommends managerial strategies to mitigate asset misappropriation within the framework of the fraud diamond model.

Karolin ME Nettelrodt,1 Ivonne Tomsic,1 Maike Stolz,2 Christian Krauth,2 Iris F Chaberny,3,4 Thomas von Lengerke1 1Department of Medical Psychology, Center of Public Health, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; 2Institute of Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Center of Public Health, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; 3Institute of Hygiene, Hospital Epidemiology and Environmental Medicine, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany; 4Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Hospital Epidemiology and Environmental Hygiene, Kiel, GermanyCorrespondence: Thomas von Lengerke, Hannover Medical School, Center of Public Health, Department of Medical Psychology (OE 5430), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany, Tel +49 511 532 4445, Fax +49 511 532 4214, Email lengerke.thomas@mh-hannover.dePurpose: Psychosocial determinants influence healthcare workers’ compliance with surgical site infection (SSI) preventive interventions. In order to design needs-based interventions promoting compliance, such determinants must first be assessed using valid and reliable questionnaire scales. To compare professional groups without bias, the scales must also be measurement-equivalent. We examine the validity/reliability and measurement equivalence of four scales using data from physicians and nurses from outside the university sector. Additionally, we explore associations with self-reported SSI preventive compliance.Participants and Methods: N = 90 physicians and N = 193 nurses (response rate: 31.5%) from nine general/visceral or orthopedic/trauma surgery departments in six non-university hospitals in Germany participated. A written questionnaire was used to assess the compliance with SSI preventive interventions and the determinants of compliance based on the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior-Model. Psychometric testing involved single- and multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses, and explorative analyses used t-tests and multiple linear regression.Results: The scales assessing individual determinants of compliance (capability, motivation, and planning) were found to be reliable (each Cronbach’s α ≥ 0.85) and valid (each Root-Mean-Square-Error of Approximation ≤ 0.065, each Comparative-Fit-Index = 0.95) and revealed measurement equivalence for physicians and nurses. The scale assessing external determinants (opportunity) did not demonstrate validity, reliability, or measurement equivalence. Group differences were found neither in compliance (p = 0.627) nor determinants (p = 0.192; p = 0.866; p = 0.964). Capability (β = 0.301) and planning (β = 0.201) showed associations with compliance for nurses only.Conclusion: The scales assessing motivation, capability, and planning regarding SSI preventive compliance provided reliable and valid scores for physicians and nurses in surgery. Measurement equivalence allows group comparisons of scale means to be interpreted without bias.Keywords: infection prevention and control, surgical site infections, compliance, nurses, physicians, capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior (COM-B) model, measurement equivalence

Background: Independent organisations monitor the safety and governance of clinical services but do not assess specialist expertise. Peer review can assess service capability but is resource-intense and infeasible. The problem: How can you ensure a service provides safe, effective rehabilitation? You ask them to provide data as evidence that they can be trusted to do so. This article suggests a structured approach to providing data on entrustability. An analogy: How is the specialist skill of a doctor in training established? They provide evidence about high-level outcomes (capabilities in practice) related to their speciality. An educational supervisor assesses whether they can be trusted to perform safely and effectively without supervision. The capabilities in practice define their expertise. The solution: A service can use seven high-level rehabilitation service capabilities, based on the clinical capabilities associated with medical training, with observable indicative descriptors, to collect evidence of their rehabilitation approach. A service must also select four to eight high-level competencies indicating they can rehabilitate their patient caseload safely and effectively. These competencies also need indicative descriptors as evidence of their performance in the service; 11 examples are given. Capabilities.: The seven rehabilitation capabilities are: using the biopsychosocial model, having a multi-professional team, making a person-centred rehabilitation plan, working collaboratively across all boundaries, tailoring treatments to the patient's needs, ensuring staff have specific competencies required for their caseload, and acknowledging and managing uncertainty and complexity. Conclusion.: Service providers could use this structured approach to develop and provide users with evidence of their rehabilitation expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Sustainable development goal 5.6 calls for "universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights" to fulfil sexual and reproductive practices. The capability approach helps refine the analysis of contraceptive use by going beyond the dichotomous view of contraceptive use as use/non-use to focus on women's freedom to choose what they have good reason to value. Using the case of Burkina Faso, we probe more deeply into whether contraceptive use reflects real progress in women's reproductive rights to realize the fertility projects they value. (2) Methods: We use PMA2020 data collected in Burkina Faso between December 2018 and January 2019. The survey included 3329 women with a participation rate of 97.7%. The PMA2020 female core questionnaire solicits information on fertility and contraceptive behavior, much like the DHS. We asked a series of specific questions about cognitive and psychosocial access relating to FP. We examined bivariate associations between our outcome measure "contraceptive behavior" and a set of independent variables. We also used logistic regression models to evaluate associations with endowments/conversion and capability factors and current functioning by focusing on overuse (i.e., use of contraceptives despite desiring pregnancy within the next 12 months). (3) Results: Women who said their ideal number of children was "up to God" had the highest level of overuse, which was also higher among women living in communities with medium acceptance of contraception and greater support for fertility. Women who have higher and middle levels of information tend to engage less in overuse than those with lower information levels. (4) Conclusions: We conclude that overuse (contraceptive use when desiring a child soon) may reveal a lack of rights, as it is associated with a lack of information about contraceptives and women's inability to conceive an ideal number of children. Efforts should be made to enhance women's level of contraceptive information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used a capability approach to investigate Saudi women's empowerment experiences and their capabilities in decision-making regarding choosing their university majors. Further, the study explored what capabilities women required to make decisions regarding their majors at university. Qualitative data were collected through interviews with 26 women, comprising graduates, students, and faculty members. Results revealed that new legislation and regulations in Saudi Arabia have positively influenced sociocultural transformation. However, in small cities and nonurban settings, women may struggle to reject traditional social norms despite their empowerment. The findings indicate that encouraging students' voluntary work and their membership in groups and organisations, as well as ensuring diverse hiring practices are in place in rural areas and small cities, could support a more general acceptance of women's empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we define a partially capable Lie superalgebra. As an application, we classify all capable nilpotent Lie superalgebras of dimension less than or equal to five. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to introduce the concept of nilpotency and capability in multiplicative Lie algebras. Also, we see the existence of covers of a multiplicative Lie algebra and thoroughly examine their relationships with capable and perfect multiplicative Lie algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business process management (BPM) aims to help organizations manage their business processes. Startups differ from established firms as they go through different phases of prospecting, developing, and exploiting the new venture. Startups begin to focus on the organization of their processes after they reach the exploiting (scale-up) phase. Digital startups are unique as information technology (IT) becomes the business model itself. These unique characteristics raise a question: how do digital startups at the scale-up phase manage their business processes? To answer the question, two case studies on digital startups in logistics providers are conducted. The case studies are designed to be inductive in nature. Grounded Theory Method (GTM) is used for data collection and analysis. Data is collected via interviews and supporting documents. The BPM capability provides the basis to create guiding questions for the interviews. The interview results are analyzed with a grounded theory approach of open, theoretical, and selective coding. To derive a new theory, cross-case analyses are conducted. Findings from two digital startups allow us to identify important categories that play a role in how digital startups manage their activities: industry and stakeholders, digital offerings, organic structure, process management, performance measurement, employee training and culture. We further theorize that the competitive nature of startups makes them customer-centric and focus on agility. Digital startups continuously improve their product and conduct adaptive process experimentation involving a cycle of process identification, IT-based process implementation and process adaptation. The supporting capabilities that enable the process management of digital startups are agile people and culture and organic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this essay is to review and evaluate chapters in Fan and Cherry's Sex Robots: Social Impact and the Future of Human Relations. In this edited volume, the authors of the various chapters present dialogues from the East and West to explore the social and cultural implications of sex robots. They also discuss whether sex robots have a positive, negative, or neutral impact on society and human relationships. This essay examines the key ideas presented in the book's chapters, evaluates their arguments, and identifies research directions for the ethics of sex robots in the future. Specifically, this essay provides a detailed analysis of certain schools of thought, including the capability approach, Confucianism and Daoism, and their relevance to the topic of sex robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify the required capabilities and workload of medical staff in accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). From August to September 2022, a questionnaire related to the capabilities and workload in the accelerator-based BNCT was administered to 12 physicians, 7 medical physicists and 7 radiological technologists engaged in BNCT and 6 other medical physicists who were not engaged in BNCT to compare the results acquired by those engaged in BNCT. Only 6–21% of patients referred for BNCT received it. Furthermore, 30–75% of patients who received BNCT were treated at facilities located within their local district. The median required workload per treatment was 55 h. Considering additional workloads for ineligible patients, the required workload reached ~1.2 times longer than those for only eligible patients' treatment. With respect to capabilities, discrepancies were observed in treatment planning, quality assurance and quality control, and commissioning between medical physicists and radiological technologists. Furthermore, the specialized skills required by medical physicists are impossible to acquire from the experience of conventional radiotherapies as physicians engaged in BNCT were specialized not only in radiation oncology, but also in other fields. This study indicated the required workload and staff capabilities for conducting accelerator-based BNCT considering actual clinical conditions. The workload required for BNCT depends on the occupation. It is necessary to establish an educational program and certification system for the skills required to safely and effectively provide BNCT to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relentless emergence of digital technologies is catalyzing a profound transformation in the essence of core competencies and the foundations of competitive advantages. As the world's largest digital market, China stands as a testament to the global digital influence, while a growing cohort of emerging smart manufacturing enterprises exhibits remarkable adaptability in swiftly navigating the tumultuous business terrain. These enterprises are achieving commendable competitive advantages within the dynamic crucible of digital innovation. Yet, the pivotal question persists, awaiting a comprehensive answer: What specific capabilities must emerging smart manufacturing firms cultivate to seize and sustain their competitive edge in this digital era? In our pursuit of this crucial inquiry, we employ a robust research approach amalgamating the single-case study methodology with the Gioia methodology. Our research unveils a novel category of capability primed to bestow a competitive advantage in the realm of digital innovation. We introduce the concept of 'Information Interaction Capabilities (IICs),' an innovative construct that unfurls across four distinct dimensions: variability capability, self-cognition capability, empathy capability, and ecology capability. Moreover, we embark on a journey to decipher the intricate mechanisms governing the formation of IICs, shedding illuminating insights on how these capabilities are nurtured and astutely leveraged by forward-thinking enterprises in this digital epoch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Organizations are depending on marketing, innovation and learning indicators to increase organizational performance and competitive advantage. By taking advantage of appropriate marketing and innovation capabilities, in addition to profitability and competitive advantage, product life cycle prolongation and stability in the competition scene are provided for organizations. The rapid changes in production technologies necessitate the strengthening of human resource capabilities for all elements of organization. Methodology: The effect of marketing capabilities, innovations, learning of employees on the performance of wooden office furniture companies with the approach of structural equations has been investigated using the structural equations approach. The statistical population of this research consists of managers and engineers working in wooden office furniture companies located in industrial towns in Tehran and Alborz provinces. Sampling method was classified and Crecy-Morgan table was used to determine the sample size (92 people). Initial effective indicators were selected by studying the available sources and the conceptual model of the research considering the performance of the organization (company) as a dependent variable and marketing, innovation and learning variables as independent variables. The main tool for collecting information for this research was a questionnaire. Correlation and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling based on partial least squares method were used to investigate the research hypotheses and analyze the structural relationships between variables. Results: The results showed that innovation, marketing and learning capabilities had a positive effect on the performance of wooden furniture companies. In addition, these capabilities complement 96.9% of the changes in the dependent variable of the company's performance. The results of the model quality evaluation index show that marketing capability (strong effect), innovation capability (medium effect), learning capability (weak effect) have the greatest impact on company performance. Finally, the results of this study remind the various companies producing wood furniture industry products that are constantly looking to export their goods, unlike the non-competitive domestic market, to compete with other companies in target markets. Due to factors such as marketing, innovation and learning improve products quality, reduce costs and ultimately increase company performance. Conclusion: The use of appropriate marketing methods, innovative capabilities and increasing human resource capabilities in order to strengthen organizational learning in wooden furniture industry companies will strengthen the performance and position of the mentioned companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to develop a measurement model of the halal supply chain resilience (HSCRES) index, which represents the capability of the supply chain (SC) to handle disruption caused by halal risks. A case study is conducted to apply the HSCRES index in the halal chicken SC in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, to test the proposed methodology. Design/methodology/approach: A literature synthesis was conducted to establish the main capability and vulnerability factors and their relevant indicators. The indicators were validated using the confirmatory factor analysis approach. Then, applying an analytical hierarchy process involving ten experts – practitioners and academicians – the weight of each indicator was obtained. A survey of 20 employees of slaughterhouses, 35 sellers and 100 consumers was conducted to obtain the value of each indicator. Finally, the HSCRES index was calculated by comparing the total weighted capability value to vulnerability. Findings: The results revealed that the resilience of halal chicken SC in Yogyakarta is at a good level, with an index of 3.459, and "halal team" is the most significant indicator. The findings also revealed several capabilities that need improvement, including dedicated halal facilities, employees' halal competence and halal regulation. However, the lack of a halal certification board, lack of management commitment and packaging contamination were found as vulnerability indicators that need to be reduced. Research limitations/implications: The case of this study is limited to the halal chicken SC in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. As a consequence, the obtained results are limited to a specific context. The application of this method to different areas and objects enables the establishment of different capability and vulnerability indicators. Practical implications: The halal resilience measurement model offers a comprehensive understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the HSC. The findings can help stakeholders improve preparedness for halal risks, deal with halal risks better and recover more quickly. Measuring the HSCRES index can be particularly useful for policymakers in developing evidence-based strategies to increase HSCRES. Originality/value: The current study is the first to define and classify the contributing halal resilience attributes and also to calculate the halal resilience index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social workers in South Africa and internationally promote the welfare of individuals, families, groups, and communities by attending to their social issues and needs. The advancement of this goal is intricately connected to professionals' well-being. Drawing on qualitative interviews conducted in one of South Africa's provinces, the Free State, and deploying the capability approach and work-family border theory, this study examines social workers' conceptualisation of their well-being and the significance of a work-life balance in attaining well-being. It explores the many challenges faced by social workers in sustaining a balance between their personal and professional lives. A purposive sample of 18 participants consisting of eight practising social workers and ten student social workers was selected. Data was collected through individual semi-structured interviews. The findings from the study suggest that social workers understand their well-being in quite broad terms. Besides their physical and mental health, they conceive their well-being with regard to the satisfaction that comes with the accomplishment of various professional (work) and private (life) functionings. They, for instance, cherish growing as professionals, being effective helpers, having control and autonomy over their work, being supported by organisational structures, and having ample time for their private lives and families. However, in South Africa, working conditions characterised by a lack of resources, high caseloads, and poor salaries cause work-life imbalance and interfere with the achievement of social workers' valued life goals and overall well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to examine the impact of Pressure, Capability, Opportunity, Collusion, Rationalization, and Arrogance on Financial Report Fraud, with the Audit Committee serving as a moderating variable. The study utilized library research and documentation techniques for data collection, focusing on a sample of 54 real estate sector companies listed on the IDX from 2020 to 2022. Regression Analysis was employed to analyze the data, which was secondary in nature. The findings reveal the significant influence of Pressure, Opportunity, and Collusion on Financial Report Fraud, while Capability, Rationalization, and Arrogance did not exhibit a significant effect. Additionally, the Audit Committee as a moderating variable did not significantly impact the relationships between the Fraud Hexagon factors and Financial Report Fraud. These results offer new insights into the role of the Audit Committee in fraud prevention and the application of the Fraud Hexagon model in detecting financial report fraud. The study suggests further research to explore the interactions between these factors and the effectiveness of audit committees in mitigating fraud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Along with other Australian health professionals, occupational therapy students need to understand Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture and health issues to develop their capacity to work effectively with this community and meet accreditation standards. The study aimed to explore the learning experiences of occupational therapy students during a module focused on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' health issues and approaches. Methods: A qualitative descriptive method was used. Individual interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed thematically following the module. Participants were asked about their prior experience with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, feelings about undertaking the module, difficulties and highlights of the module, and how the module contributed to their learning. Results: In all, 18 students participated in interviews. Interview themes were (1) student context of learning about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' heath and culture, (2) experiencing the module with others and (3) student learning gains following the module. Conclusion: Students developed in their self-awareness and understanding of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' issues of relevance to occupational therapy. Further research is needed to evaluate educational activities with occupational therapy and other health professional students across Australia, and ongoing culturally responsiveness training for health professionals (post-registration). What is known about the topic? Health professional students need to develop their knowledge and skills in working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to be culturally responsive and meet their health needs effectively. What does this paper add? This study is the first to describe the responses of occupational therapy students to a module on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and wellbeing. Students were challenged about any biases that could affect their capacity to be culturally responsive. What are the implications for practitioners? Both practitioners and students need to be culturally responsive to provide culturally safe services to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's digitally interconnected world, organizations face unprecedented challenges due to pervasive cyber risks. As reliance on advanced technical infrastructure grows, the potential for cyber crises to disrupt operations and compromise critical data and infrastructure has increased significantly. Poorly managed responses can have catastrophic consequences for both organizations and national security. This paper presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of recent studies on cyber crisis management capabilities, spanning from 2018 to 2024, and emphasizes the need for a sociotechnical approach. By utilizing the hexagonal socio-technical systems framework by Clegg et al., which includes people, culture, goals, technology, infrastructure, and processes, and analysing them with Nvivo and Delphi, we developed a Cyber Crisis Capability Model. This model identifies eight key criteria: security regulations and policies, clarity and compliance, technological reliability, human capital competence, resources and budgets, organizations, stakeholder collaboration, and cultural integration. It integrates strategic, operational, and tactical components to provide a holistic approach to cyber crisis management. Our comprehensive framework aims to enhance organizations' capabilities to effectively manage and mitigate cyber crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the practices of philosophy for children are aimed at young people aged 4 to 17, it seems interesting to consider the adolescent experience as a determining factor in the experience of philosophical dialogue, as distinct from the child's experience. This exploratory qualitative research focuses on the practice of philosophical dialogue with adolescents, paying particular attention to the challenge of empowerment that characterizes this period. To empirically investigate this question, data were collected on three sites with different institutional contexts, two educational establishments with 14-15-years-olds and one care setting with 15-23-years-olds. Interviews and dialogues were recorded, and observation was carried out on these three sites. Data analyses combined conceptualizing category analysis and quantitative description. The results highlight three forms of adolescent vulnerability revealed in the dialogues and identify a dialectic liable to lead young people towards greater autonomy. Taking these vulnerabilities into account sheds light on adolescents' experience of the activity and calls for further reflection on the educational acts that can meet these vulnerabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an urgent need to develop an international competency and capability framework to support standardization of education and roles in advanced practice physiotherapy (APP). This need arose due to the rapid growth of the APP model of care, implemented out of necessity in the absence of agreement as to the competencies and capabilities or formal education required for the roles. This study explores the views and perceptions of practitioners and key stakeholders on a draft competency and capability framework for advanced practice physiotherapists. The purpose of this study was to: 1) gather feedback from key stakeholders (advanced practice physiotherapists, researchers, and leaders) on a draft competency and capability framework and 2) use that feedback to revise and improve the draft framework. Qualitative study using a series of four multi-national online focus groups. Thematic analysis was conducted according to Braun and Clarke. Sixteen participants from the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand participated in the study. Five themes were generated after data analysis: clinical expert, experienced communicator, strong leader, collaborator, and knowledge creator). A modified competency and capability framework was developed based on feedback from the focus groups and input from subject matter experts (SMEs). This study provides a modified core competency and capability framework comprising 24 competencies grouped under six domains. This study is a step toward international standardization of advanced practice physiotherapy based on a commonly agreed framework for the education and training of advanced practice physiotherapists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

French law 2004-228 and Quebec's Bill 21 has prohibited wearing conspicuous religious symbols while discharging public duty, especially as teachers in public school. This has aroused robust public debate because it disproportionately affects Muslim women wearing hijabs. This paper investigates the philosophical/ethical argument on both sides of the debate. The key research question is whether liberal feminists have the justification to support the hijab ban. The paper outlines different types of liberal feminism and their views on just social arrangements. The paper uses Gheaus's concept of gender justice and Kabeer's definition of gender empowerment to structure the debate, stating that feminists will support the ban if it enhances empowerment and makes society more gender-just or internal working of social arrangements, at least procedurally just. The paper draws on the utilitarian argument, Nussbaum's and Sen's articulation of the Capability Approach and the importance of identity, and Bourdieu's concept of Habitus, Doxa, and Symbolic Violence. The paper argues that there are strong arguments on both sides. Still, liberal feminists concerned about structural inequalities, economic empowerment, and individual freedom may not be convinced that the Hijab ban makes society more gender-just or improves individual empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: In 2018 the National Institute of Health and Care Research, United Kingdom, launched a 3‐year Senior Nurse and Midwife Research Leader Programme to support nurse and midwifery research leaders to develop research capacity and capability within NHS organisations. We report the results of a service evaluation of the programme strengths, areas for improvement and achievement of programme aims. Design: Partially mixed, concurrent mixed methods programme evaluation, including: (a) meeting evaluation (survey), (b) annual evaluation (survey) and (c) qualitative stakeholder interviews. Methods: Survey results were quantitatively analysed using descriptive statistics. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, deductively coded using elements within the logic model and analysed using the seven‐stage framework analysis method. Results: Satisfaction with the programme was high (75%). The main perceived benefit of the programme was being part of a network. Challenges included accessing learning resources, lack of opportunity to network and lack of clarity about the programme aims. Meetings were evaluated as relevant and helpful (mean 93%), thought‐provoking (92%), inspiring (91%), at the appropriate level (91%) and aligned with the programme aims (90%). All meetings were ranked as highly beneficial by attendees (92%). Stakeholder feedback on the programme success reflected the importance of leadership, the programme design and content, 'connection and community' and communication with and about the cohort. Overall, the anticipated programme aims were met, evaluating well from both the perspective of those on the programme and the wider stakeholder group. There has been a lack of investment in schemes to support research leadership development for nurses/midwives. A novel programme to support nursing/midwifery research leadership was positively evaluated. The programme is a useful model to support future capacity and capability building for nurses/midwives. The work is reported with reference to the SQUIRE 2 and SRQR checklists. No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the concept of an empowering learning environment in higher education, drawing inspiration from the capability approach of Nobel Prize laureate Amartya Sen. The empowering environment prioritizes students, valuing their emotions, needs, expectations, and fulfillment, while aiming to reconcile individual freedom with available resources. This research is based on an experience conducted with Master's degree students in Education at the University of Upper Alsace in France, demonstrating how to model and establish an empowering environment that considers individual differences and ergonomic factors to overcome learning obstacles and difficulties. The research endeavors model this experience, providing insights into the levers that can be employed to foster an empowering environment. Methodologically and epistemologically aligned with the sociological and philosophical traditions of the Chicago School (John Dewey, Robert E. Park, and Ernest W. Burgess), this study adopts a qualitative, inductive research methodology grounded in practical experience. The findings shed light on the mechanisms necessary for creating conducive conditions for learning and empowering learners to flourish. Consequently, an approach known as IREM (Individual, Resources, Environment, Mindset) has been modelized to illustrate the experience and highlight four crucial levers for building an empowering environment. Overall, this research contributes to the discourse on empowering learning environments in higher education, offering practical insights and theoretical foundations to support educators and institutions in enhancing the educational experience for students. By embracing the IREM approach, educators can proactively address the diverse needs of learners and foster an environment conducive to their growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]