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Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Genetic diversity is important for conservation and genetic improvement of common beans. This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity among common bean genotypes from the Embrapa germplasm collection using univariate and multivariate analyses. The experiment was conducted in the region of Aquidauana-MS, at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in a randomized block design with three replications and twenty-three genotypes, in 2021. The agronomic traits considered in the study were plant height, height to first pod, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, hundred-grain mass, and grain yield. Descriptive analysis, univariate and multivariate variance analyses, mean clustering, phenotypic correlation network, UPGMA analysis (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean), and canonical variables were used to examine the data. The genotypes showed significant differences for plant height, height to first pod, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant and yield, with potential for the selection of these traits. CNFC17278, CNFC17305, CNFC19133 and CNFC19198 showed superior yield potential compared to the other lines. The combined use of statistical methodologies can provide more information about the genotypes studied.

Aim and IntroductionThe purpose of this article is to analyze the interaction of internal and external factors of sustainable development in the free zones of Iran. In other words, identifying the most important internal factors affecting the improvement of external factors and vice versa is considered. For this purpose, the relationships between internal and external factors of sustainable development in the free zones of Iran are analyzed through the analysis of the correlation structure between them. For the success of organizations in a dynamic and changing environment, managers must strive to improve processes and sustainability. Also, in the process of sustainable development, the impact of internal and external factors of sustainability should be examined and analyzed. Based on the importance of free zones in the country's economy, the issue of sustainable development of these zones needs to be considered from different angles and using scientific methods. Given that the multiple relationships between internal and external factors and the direct relationship between internal and external factors, the sustainable development of free zones has not been done with each other, and closing this gap is a necessity. Because, external factors of sustainable development are not within the authority of free zones and depend on organizations, companies and communities. Neglecting the impact of these factors on domestic factors can lead to more costs in achieving sustainable development of free zones. For this purpose, in this study, the relationships between internal and external factors are examined and analyzed to finally achieve sustainable development of free zones based on accurate information and analysis of various aspects to achieve the best achievement at the lowest cost in sustainable development of these zones.MethodologyThe main method in this paper is the canonical correlation analysis method. Using questionnaires containing questions related to internal and external indicators, which are prepared in the form of a five-point Likert option, experts answer it in an online survey. The collected data from internal and external factor questionnaires are analyzed using SPSS 24 software. Then, canonical correlation analysis is performed to study the correlation between internal and external factors of sustainable development of free zones. This canonical correlation is made for the study between two data sets that include seven internal factors in the first set and four external factors in the second set. The statistical population of this study consists of specialists and professors of Payame Noor University and 184 randomly selected statistical sample participated.FindingsAfter performing the canonical correlation analysis method, the findings related to the correlation between canonical variables, the proportion of variance of internal and external factors explained by the first and second set canonical variables, canonical factor loads, and canonical cross-factor loads were obtained. The results, based on the Fisher test show that the correlation of three pairs of canonical variables among the four possible pairs is confirmed at the significance level of 0.05. The correlation of the first canonical pair is equal to 0.994 with a specific value of 9.039. Also, the correlations of the second and the third canonical pair are equal to 0.705 and 0.659, respectively, with special values of 0.989 and 0.767. The calculated values show that 90, 49.7 and 43.4% of the variance in the canonical variables related to external (internal) factors are explained by the canonical variables related to internal (external) factors, respectively. The set of canonical variables related to internal factors represents 65.9% of the sample dispersion of the sample of internal factors, while the three identified canonical variables related to external factors cover 93% of the sample dispersion of the sample of external factors. Also, the proportion of variance of the three canonical variables of the first group to the total dispersion of the four external factors was equal to 46.3%, while 69.3% of the variance of the seven internal factors is explained by the canonical measures of the second set.Discussion and ConclusionThe results of this study showed that the proportion of variance in the set of internal factors that is explained by the canonical variables of the first set is less than the proportion of variance identified in the set of external factors that is explained by the canonical variables of the second set. Also, the proportion of variance of the four external factors explained by the canonical variables of the first set is less than the proportion of variance of the seven internal factors covered by the canonical variables of the second set. Based on the calculated factor load values, it was shown that the canonical variables of the first set generally have significant factor loads with all internal factors, including 1) welfare and services, 2) support and regulation, 3) pollution control, 4) protection and prevention 5) Productivity, 6) green operation and 7) infrastructure and facilities. Similarly, it was observed that the values of the factor loads of the second set, canonical variables on all four external factors, including 1) culture building, 2) environmental measures, 3) knowledge and communication, and 4) local community support are significant. In this context, the internal factors of "welfare and services" and the external factors of "culturalization" have the most factor factors with the canonical variables of the first and second categories, respectively. The calculated values for cross-factor loads showed that changes in the four internal factors "welfare and services", "support and regulation", "green operation" and "infrastructure and facilities" will have the greatest effect on canonical variables derived from external factors. . In addition, cross-factor loads are significant for all external factors other than "knowledge and communication", the largest of which is related to the "culture-building" factor. In general conclusion, it can be said that internal and external factors of sustainable development of free zones significantly affect each other.

Effective governance is pivotal in fostering social development and economic growth in modern societies. This paper explores the intricate relationship between social progress and government administration quality, aiming to identify the critical determinants influencing countries' social progress. We hypothesise that effective governance exerts a comprehensive influence on countries' social progress and vice versa, not only at the level of partial correlation. Drawing on the Social Progress Index (SPI) and Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), we employ discriminant analysis to understand how different dimensions of government effectiveness contribute to social development (Androniceanu & Georgescu, 2023). The study finds that several factors significantly influence social progress, including Voice and Accountability, Political Stability, Control of Corruption, Regulatory Quality, and Government Effectiveness. By analysing data from 167 countries, we classify nations into high, medium, and low social progress groups based on SPI scores. The discriminant analysis model achieves an accuracy of 92.2% in classifying countries, indicating the robustness of the approach. Furthermore, multivariate Wilk's Tests of Significance reveal that variables related to water and sanitation, access to basic knowledge, access to information and communications, environmental quality, personal safety, and access to advanced education are determinants of social progress. The discriminant functions derived from the analysis provide insights into the relative importance of these variables in determining countries' social progress levels. Our findings underscore the importance of effective governance in driving countries' social development outcomes. By identifying key factors that contribute to social progress, policymakers can design targeted strategies to enhance governance effectiveness and promote sustainable societal advancement. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence of the relationship between government efficiency and social development on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowing nutrient allocation dynamics in the tissues and the characteristics related to growth in different forest species is crucial to fertilization management and selecting better species for specific environments, ensuring greater fertilization efficiency and consequent sustainability in the forestry sector through the rational use of fertilizers. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the content of macro- and micronutrients in different tissues of eucalyptus species and (ii) to relate them with their growth. The treatments were composed of six eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., Corymbia citriodora Hook., E. saligna Sm., E. grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, E. urograndis, and E. urophylla S. T. Blake). Macro- (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur) and micronutrient (boron, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc) contents were determined in the leaves, bark, and sapwood. To study the functional patterns in macro- and micronutrient contents, Canonical Variable Analysis (CVA) was performed. The first two canonical variables in nutrient content of leaves, bark, and sapwood and the growth variables of eucalyptus species accumulated values greater than 80% of variance. The species E. grandis and E. urograndis showed the highest means for volume and total height but showed no differences regarding the concentration of major elements in the tissues, except the iron content in the bark, which was higher compared to other species. CVA proved to be an excellent tool for understanding, identifying, and classifying the strategies of Eucalyptus sp. regarding the content of nutrients in the shoot biomass tissues and may support genetic improvement programs aiming at identifying potential species. Future research involving the use of remotely piloted aircraft and remote sensors could be a strategy to monitor nutrient contents in different parts of trees throughout the cycle of different eucalyptus species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most important stages of plant development, germination significantly impacts plant establishment and grain yield. The exploration of relationships between germination stages and plant agronomic traits can be of utmost importance in identifying the principal germination components to predict superior genotypes concerning yield-related traits in the field. This study examined this relationship through canonical correlation analysis (CCA). To this end, two field experiments were conducted using 100 barley lines and five check cultivars. A germination experiment was also conducted to investigate germination components. The CCA results based on both germination field experimental analyses revealed highly significant associations between agronomical traits and germination components. The first pair of canonical variables had significant correlation coefficients of 0.74 and 0.69 in both experiments (P < 01). The interpretation of the relationships between canonical variables and their own canonical variables, as well as the associations between the first variables and their opposite canonical variables, indicated that the germination key variables were: dry weight of radicles and plumule. These variables were highly correlated with the most important agronomical and morphological traits, such as grain yield, thousand-grain weight, and the number of spikes per square meter in the field (P <.01). Consequently, they can be used to predict superior and ideal barley genotypes regarding agronomic traits and yield in the field. This study's findings demonstrate that the CCA effectively identifies the relationship between the two groups of traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the secular evolution of exoplanetary systems is investigated, when the variability of the masses of celestial bodies is the leading factor of dynamical evolution. The masses of the parent star and the planets change due to the particles leaving the bodies and falling on them. At the same time, bodies masses are assumed to change isotropically at different rates. The law of mass change is considered to be known and given function of time. The relative motions of the planets are investigated by the methods of the canonical perturbation theory in the absence of resonances. It is assumed that the orbits of the planets do not intersect. Evolutionary equations in analogues of Poincaré variables (Λ i , λ i , ξ i , η i , p i , q i ) are obtained and used to study the K2-3 exoplanetary system. All analytical and numerical calculations are performed with the aid of the Wolfram Mathematica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of computational intelligence and canonical variables for studies on the genetic diversity between biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes. The experiments were carried out in the experimental field of Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, in the municipalities of Nova Porteirinha and Sete Lagoas, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The following traits were evaluated: days to flowering, plant height, fresh biomass yield, total dry biomass, and dry biomass yield. The study of genetic diversity was performed through the analysis of canonical variables. For the recognition of the organization pattern of genetic diversity, Kohonen’s self-organizing map was used. The use of canonical variables and a self-organizing map were efficient for the study of genetic diversity. The application of computational intelligence using a self-organized map is promising and efficient for studies on the genetic diversity between biomass sorghum genotypes.

Beneficial bacteria to corn crop, such as Azospirillum brasilense, can bring consistent gains for the farmer. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the cause and effect relationships and multivariate approach of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation in corn genotypes. The study was conducted in the municipality of Mineiros-GO, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block in 12x2 factorial, corresponding to twelve corn hybrids (20A78, 2B587, 2B610, 30F53, CD3770, CD384, DKB310, LG36701, LG6030, MG652, P3646 and PB9110), submitted to (absence and presence) of A. brasilense. The soil preparation was carried out in the conventional system with population of 60 thousand plants. Formulated 8-25-15 at a dose of 480 kg ha-1 was used. Pest control was performed when necessary. At the end of the experiment the variables were taken. The obtained data were submitted to the assumptions of the statistical model, verifying the normality and homogeneity of the residual variances, as well as the additivity of the model. Analyzes were performed at the Rbio interface of R and Genes. The summary analysis of variance with the mean square MS and significance by the F test revealed significant interaction between hybrid x A. brasilense. Corn hybrids showed higher expressiveness in yield components in the presence of Azospirillum brasilense applied in seed treatment. The number of grains per ear and the thousand grain mass were directly responsible for the increase of corn hybrids yield in the presence and absence of Azospirillum brasilense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Selection based on the traits affecting grain yield is used for its indirect improvement. The objective of the present study was to determine the quantity and mechanism of effects of agro-morphological and physiological traits on grain yield of bread wheat under terminal drought conditions. Thirty six advanced lines of wheat were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during three sequential growing seasons 2010-2013 under rainfed conditions. Stepwise regression, path analysis, and canonical correlation analysis were conducted. All three components of yield had a significant positive effect on grain yield. The first canonical variable of predictive traits (U1) and yield components (V1) were studied. In general, selection for shorter vegetative stage and longer grain filling period is recommended to improve wheat grain yield per plant under rainfed conditions. Also, the desirable lines were those that had high amounts of biomass, average plant height and spike length, and low amount of canopy temperature. These types of lines are expected to produce higher numbers of grain per plant (not per spike) and 1000-grain weight, simultaneously, and thus higher grain yield per plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uneven mass distribution of the Moon highly perturbs the lunar spacecrafts. This uneven mass distribution leads to peculiar dynamical features of the lunar orbiters. The critical inclination is the value of inclination which keeps the deviation of the argument of pericentre from the initial values to be zero. Considerable investigations have been performed for critical inclination when the gravity field is assumed to be symmetric around the equator, namely for oblate gravity field to which Earth’s satellites are most likely to be subjected. But in the case of a lunar orbiter, the gravity field of mass distribution is rather asymmetric, that is, sectorial, and tesseral, harmonic coefficients are big enough so they can’t be neglected. In the present work, the effects of the first sectorial and tesseral harmonic coefficients in addition to the first zonal harmonic coefficients on the critical inclination of a lunar artificial satellite are investigated. The study is carried out using the Hamiltonian framework. The Hamiltonian of the problem is cconstructed and the short periodic terms are eliminated using Delaunay canonical variables. Considering the above perturbations, numerical simulations for a hypothetical lunar orbiter are presented. Finally, this study reveals that the critical inclination is quite different from the critical inclination of traditional sense and/or even has multiple solutions. Consequently, different families of critical inclination are obtained and analyzed.

Este experimento teve como objetivo avaliar a divergência genética entre 57 acessos de feijão comum, sendo 31 genótipos locais do sul do Espírito Santo, 20 da EMBRAPA e seis cultivares comerciais. Foram realizados três experimentos no município de Alegre, ES nos anos agrícolas de 2008/2009 e de 2009/2010. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F. Foi utilizada análise multivariada para avaliar a divergência genética entre os acessos utilizando o método de agrupamento UPGMA e variáveis canônicas com base na distância generalizada de Mahalanobis. As variáveis que mais contribuíram para a separação dos acessos foram: peso de cem sementes (P100) com 24,01%, período vegetativo (PV) com 20,39%, período reprodutivo (PR) com 17,16% e comprimento da semente (CS) com 14,87%. Os acessos menos divergentes foram o F15 e o F18 (9,18) e os mais divergentes foram F10 e F08 (1308,62). Verificou-se baixa dissimilaridade genética entre as cultivares comerciais e também entre os acessos provenientes da EMBRAPA e entre ambas. Os acessos locais demonstraram uma diversidade genética significativa. Tanto a análise de agrupamento quanto a de variáveis canônicas foram capazes de separar os acessos de acordo com os centros de origem.This research aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence among 57 accessions of common bean genotypes being 31 genotypes from southern Espírito Santo, Brazil, 20 cultivars from EMBRAPA and 6 commercial cultivars. Three experiments were conducted in the agricultural years 2008/2009 and 2009/2010, two in the experimental area and a CCA-UFES at IFES, both sites in the municipality of Alegre, ES, Brazil. The desing was a randomized block with tree replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance test by F. By multivariate analysis assessed the genetic diversity among accessions using the UPGMA clustering method and canonical variables based on the Mahalanobis distance. The variables that contributed most to the separation of the accessions were one hundred seed weight (P100) with 24.01%, growing season (PV) with 20.39%, reproductive period (PR) with 17.16% and seed length (CS) with 14.87%. The accessions were less divergent the F15 and F18 (9.18) and the most divergent F10 and F08 (1308.62). Multivariate analysis showed a low genetic similarity between cultivars and also between accessions from EMBRAPA and between them. Site accesses demonstrated significant genetic diversity. Both the cluster analysis and the canonical variables were able to separate the access according to the centers of origin.

A salinidade, dos solos e da água de irrigação, constitui fator limitante para o cultivo do arroz, principalmente nos estágios iniciais do desenvolvimento e no período de floração. A utilização de fontes de água de má qualidade para irrigação resulta no acúmulo de sais no solo, causando toxicidade importante na cultura. Uma solução para o problema seria a introdução de variedades com tolerância à salinidade elevada. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a divergência genética entre genótipos de arroz visando à seleção de genótipos tolerantes à salinidade durante a fase vegetativa. Sementes de 10 genótipos de arroz foram cultivadas in vitro, em meio MS acrescido de 0 e 136 mM de NaCl. Após 21 dias, foram avaliados seis caracteres morfológicos e os resultados submetidos a análises multivariadas. Os métodos de otimização de Tocher, baseado na distância de Mahalanobis, e a dispersão gráfica das variáveis canônicas seguiram a mesma tendência de agrupamento dos genótipos, formando seis grupos distintos. A característica massa fresca da parte aérea foi a que mais contribuiu para a dissimilaridade genética entre os genótipos, pelo método de Singh, enquanto as duas primeiras variáveis canônicas foram suficientes para explicar 91,27% da variação observada. Nas condições experimentais testadas, os genótipos apresentaram graus distintos de tolerância à salinidade, sendo BRS Colosso, BRS Bojuru e BR IRGA 410, pertencentes aos grupos três e quatro, os que se mostraram mais tolerantes ao estresse salino e o genótipo Moti, pertencente ao grupo dois, o que se mostrou mais sensível.Soil salinity is a limiting factor for rice cultivation, especially in the early stages of development and the flowering period. The use of sources of poor quality water for irrigation results in the accumulation of salts in the soil, causing major toxicity in culture. A solution to the problem would be the introduction of varieties with tolerance to high salinity. Hus the aim of this work is to evaluate genetic divergence among rice genotypes, aiming at the selection of genotypes tolerant to salinity during the vegetative phase. Seeds of 10 rice genotypes were grown in vitro on MS medium supplemented with 0 and 136 mM NaCl. After 21 days, six morphological characters were evaluated and the results subjected to multivariate analysis. The methods of Tocher, based on Mahalanobis distance, and graphic dispersion of canonic variables followed the same pattern of clustering structure, forming six groups. The characteristic of shoot fresh weight was the largest contributor to the genetic dissimilarity between genotypes by the method of Singh, while the other two canonic variables were sufficient to account for 91.27% of observed variation. Under the experimental conditions tested, the genotypes showed different degrees of salinity tolerance, while Colossus BRS, BRS Bojuru and BR IRGA 410, belonging to the groups three and four, were those who were more tolerant genotype and Moti, belonging to two what was more sensitive to salt stress.

The multivariate statistical analysis, through measures of dissimilarity, has been helping plant breeders in identifying distant genotypes used to obtain populations segregating desired. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the dissimilarity between 38 accessions of black beans by means of multivariate techniques, and to select parents to compose blocks of crosses. From the Euclidean distance between accessions, grouping by the hierarchical method of Ward was carried out to permit classification of the accessions into different groups, which were then compared using multivariate contrasts. With the use of scores of the first three canonical variables, it was then possible to form six distinct groups that were similar and to corroborate the analysis by clustering methods. The results revealed a wide variability among the accessions studied, where the multivariate analysis was able to add information to the joint range of response variables, and was efficient in determining the difference between such accessions.

This study aimed at mapping QTL (quantitative trait loci) using linear combinations of characteristics of economical interest in Gallus gallus. A total of 350 F2 chickens from an initial crossing among males from a broiler line (TT) with females from a layer line (CC) were used. It was conducted a QTL mapping in chromosomes of Gallus gallus (GGA1, GGA3, GGA5, GGA8, GGA11, and GGA13) for 20 performance and carcass traits. For detecting QTL, it was used the likelihood ratio test between a reduced model (including fixed effects of sex, hatch and random effect of infinitesimal genetic value) and a full model (including all the previous effects plus QTL effects). When original characterists were analyzed, that is, before the formation of linear combinations, six significant QTLs were mapped at 1% in the genome, four in the GGA1 (live weight at 35 days of age and at 42 days of age, abdominal fat and heart weight); and two on GGA3 (live weight at 35 and 42 days of age); three significant QTLs at 5% in the genome, one on GGA1 (head weight), one on GGA3 (wings weight), and one on GGA8 (gizzard weight); besides seven suggestive linkages for several traits. When QTLs were mapped for principal components, many mapped QTLs were confirmed for original traits, in addition to finding three QTLs and eight suggestive linkages not mapped for the original traits.Este estudo teve por objetivo mapear QTL (quantitative trait loci) utilizando combinações lineares de características de interesse econômico em Gallus gallus. Foram estudadas 350 aves F2 oriundas de um cruzamento inicial entre machos de uma linhagem de corte (TT) e fêmeas de uma linhagem de postura (CC). Foi conduzido mapeamento de QTL nos cromossomos Gallus gallus (GGA1, GGA3, GGA5, GGA8, GGA11 e GGA13), para 20 características de desempenho e de carcaça. Para detectar QTL foi utilizado o teste da razão de verossimilhanças entre um modelo reduzido (incluindo efeitos fixos de sexo, incubação e o efeito aleatório de valor genético infinitesimal) e um completo (incluindo todos os efeitos anteriores mais os efeitos de QTL). Ao analisar as características originais, ou seja, antes da formação das combinações lineares, foram mapeados seis QTLs significativos a 1% no genoma, quatro no GGA1 (peso vivo aos 35 dias, peso vivo aos 42 dias, gordura abdominal e peso do coração) e dois no GGA3 (peso vivo aos 35 e aos 42 dias de idade); três QTLs significativos a 5% no genoma, sendo um no GGA1 (peso da cabeça), um no GGA3 (peso das asas), e um no GGA8 (peso da moela); além de sete ligações sugestivas para diversas características. Ao mapear QTLs para os componentes principais, foram confirmados vários QTLs mapeados para as características originais, além de encontrar três QTLs e oito ligações sugestivas não mapeadas para as características originais.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar descritores morfológicos vegetativos e determinar sua importância relativa na caracterização de acessos de guariroba, assim como verificar a associação entre os descritores descartados e os demais. Foram avaliados 18 descritores morfológicos, sendo 8 relativos à folha e 10 ao estipe, em 36 acessos de guariroba do Estado de Goiás. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variáveis canônicas, e o descarte dos descritores foi realizado tendo como base no autovalor, o qual não excedeu 0,70. Foram descartados 55% dos descritores, sendo 5 relativos à folha e 5 ao estipe. O descarte destes descritores não ocasionou perda de informações, por apresentaram correlações significativas com os descritores selecionados. A contribuição relativa dos descritores selecionados foi semelhante para A7A, ENI7180, DFBF, D0, CPC e DPC, sendo os descritores ENI70 e ENS70 os que apresentaram as menores contribuições.The present paper had the purpose of selecting morphological vegetative descriptors and to determine their relative importance in the characterization of guariroba accesses, as well as to verify the association between discarded and accepted descriptors.. Eighteen morphological descriptors, of which 8 relative to the leaf and 10 to the stipe, in 36 guariroba accessions in the State of Goiás were evaluated . The discarded descriptors did not cause loss of information, as they presented significant correlations with the descriptors that were accepted. The relative contribution of the selected descriptors was similar for A7A, ENI7180, DFBF, D0, CPC and DPC, with descriptors ENI70 and ENS70 having the lowest contribution.

The level of genetic resistance to foliar diseases in 54 new simple popcorn hybrids was evaluated in fieldconditions. Two trials in a randomized complete block design were conducted in the 2006/07 growing season. The diseaseintensity in genotypes was compared by the area under the disease progress curve, expressing the severity. Significantdifferences (P ≤ 0.01) of resistance to southern rust (Puccinia polysora) northern leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) andPhaeosphaeria leaf spot (complex Phaeosphaeria maydis / Pantoea ananas) were observed. The cluster analysis detecteddifferent resistance levels to the series of leaf diseases. In 12 of the new hybrids the resistance level to the set of diseases wassimilar as in the commercial hybrid IAC 112, considered the best reference for leaf disease resistance among commercialpopcorn genotypes.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ekmeklik buğday Gerek-79 cv’de ürün bileşenlerinin vejetatif bileşenler ile ne kadar ilişkili olduğunun araştırılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada biyolojik verim, dane verimi, 100 dane ağırlığı, hasat indeksi, fertile başakçık sayısı, başak sayısı, başak uzunluğu ve bitki boyu verileri kullanılmıştır. Kanonik korelasyon analizinde, hasat indeksi, fertile başakçık sayısı, başak sayısı, başak uzunluğu ve bitki boyu vejetatif bileşenler setini, biyolojik verim, dane verimi ve 100 dane ağırlığı ise ürün bileşenleri setini oluşturmuştur. Vejetaitf ve ürün bileşenleri arasındaki en yüksek kanonik korelasyon katsayısı 0.923 olarak bulunmuştur. Ürün bileşenleri için oluşturulan birinci kanonik değişkene en büyük katkının biyolojik verim tarafından yapıldığı saptanmıştır. Vejetatif bileşenler için oluşturulan birinci kanonik değişkeninin oluşturulmasında ise en büyük katkı başak uzunluğu tarafından sağlanmıştır. Hesaplanan belirtme katsayıları, vejetatif bileşenler için oluşturulan birinci kanonik değişkenin, biyolojik verim için iyi bir tahmin edici olduğunu göstermiştir 0.730 . Diğer taraftan ürün bileşenleri için oluşturulan birinci kanonik değişkenin, bitki boyu için daha iyi bir tahmin edici olduğu saptanmıştır 0.784

The integrable nonlinear Schrödinger system on a triangular-lattice ribbon characterized by the essentially nonstandard Poisson structure is shown to be standardized to the nonlinear lattice system consisting of two nonequivalent canonical subsystems. In under-critical region of background parameter both of the canonical subsystems should be treated as the subsystems of bright nonlinear excitations. In the over-critical region one of the canonical subsystem should be treated as the subsystem of bright nonlinear excitations while the another as the subsystem of dark nonlinear excitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Applied Technology for Agricultural Science / Revista Brasileira de Tecnologia Aplicada nas Ciências Agrárias is the property of Brazilian Journal of Applied Technology for Agricultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Facta Universitatis: Series Physical Education & Sport is the property of Facta Universitatis, Series Physical Education & Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dados de 844 animais de uma população F2 de suínos foram utilizados para avaliar a associação entre características de desempenho e carcaça por meio de correlação canônica. Foram consideradas no estudo, além das características de desempenho, o tamanho da leitegada ao nascimento, o número de tetos, o peso aos 77 dias de idade, o consumo de ração e a conversão alimentar dos 77 aos 105 dias e as seguintes características de carcaça: idade ao abate; peso da meia-carcaça direita; comprimento de carcaça pelo Método Brasileiro de Classificação de Carcaça; maior espessura de toucinho na região da copa, na linha dorso-lombar; profundidade de lombo; e pesos do coração, do baço, do rim, da meia-carcaça direita resfriada, do pernil, da copa, da paleta, do carré, das costelas, da papada e do filezinho. Observou-se que os dois grupos de características não são independentes, pois apresentaram correlacão significativa, visto que a correlação do primeiro par canônico (r) foi de 0,7804. Os dois primeiros pares canônicos foram estatisticamente relevantes. No exame das variáveis que compõem o primeiro par canônico, para as características de desempenho, houve predomínio absoluto da variável peso aos 77 dias de idade; para as características de carcaça, a variável idade ao abate teve predomínio absoluto. Portanto, maior peso aos 77 dias de idade proporciona menor idade ao abate.Records of 844 animals of a F2 swine population were used to evaluate the association among four performance traits (litter size at birth, teat number, weight at 77 days of age, feed intake and feed:gain ratio from 77 to 105 days of age) and 17 carcass traits (slaughter age, right side carcass weight, carcass length by the Brazilian Carcass Classification Method, backfat thickness at boston shoulder area and the midline, loin depth, heart, spleen, kidney, cold right side carcass, ham, boston shoulder, picnic shoulder, loin (bone-in), spareribs, jowl and sirloin weights) using canonical correlation analysis. The first canonical correlation (r) was 0.7804, indicating performance and carcass traits were not independent. The first two canonical variable pairs were statistically significant. In the first canonical variable pair, weight at 77 days of age and slaughter age were the absolute predominant traits. These results suggest larger weight at 77 days indicates reduced age at slaughter.

O potencial dos n-alcanos em discriminar frações ou espécies de gramíneas (Brachiaria brizantha Stapf. cv. Marandu, Cynodon dactylon Pers. cv. Coast-cross 1 e Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia 1) e leguminosas tropicais (Arachis pintoi Koprov & Gregory. cv. Amarillo e Glycine wightii Verdc. Soja Perene) foi avaliado neste estudo. As forrageiras foram amostradas na primavera, no verão e inverno, com quatro repetições por espécie. Utilizaram-se nas análises os n-alcanos C24 a C35, sendo o C32 e C34 padrões internos. As concentrações dos n-alcanos nas diferentes espécies e respectivas frações (lâminas foliares, haste porções superior e inferior e matéria morta, para gramíneas; folhas, caule porções superior e inferior e matéria morta para leguminosas) foram avaliadas mediante análises multivariadas. O potencial discriminatório dos n-alcanos foi determinado pela análise de variáveis canônicas. As espécies e frações foram divididas em grupos por meio da análise de agrupamento. Os alcanos com menor potencial discriminatório foram: C26, C29, C25, C27 e C28 (primavera), C26, C28, C27, C30 e C29 (verão) e C28, C26, C25, C29 e C27 (inverno). Nos períodos de primavera e inverno, a técnica de n-alcanos permitiu distinguir a lâmina foliar do coastcross das hastes superior e inferior, bem como das gramíneas e leguminosas. Em pastagens exclusivas de Brachiaria brizantha, no período de verão, seria possível discriminar as frações de importância nutricional, lâmina foliar e haste superior, pela determinação dos n-alcanos. As análises multivariadas, as variáveis canônicas e a análise de agrupamento representam boas alternativas de cálculo para melhorar a aplicabilidade da técnica dos n-alcanos na discriminação das dietas de herbívoros.The discriminatory potential of n-alkanes in tropical grasses (Brachiaria brizantha Stapf. cv. Marandu, Cynodon dactylon Pers. cv. Coast-cross 1 and Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia 1) and legumes (Arachis pintoi Koprov & Gregory. cv. Amarillo and Glycine wightii Verdc.) was evaluated. The forages were sampled in Spring, Summer and Winter, with four replications per species per season. The n-alkanes C24 to C35, using C32 and C34 as internal markers, were considered in the analyses. Concentrations of n-alkanes in these species and their respective fractions (leaf blade, top and bottom portions of the stem and dead matter for grasses; leaves, top and bottom of stem and dead matter for legumes) were evaluated by multivariate analysis. The discriminatory potential of n-alkanes was determined by the canonical variables analysis. The species and their respective fractions were divided into groups by cluster analysis. N-alkanes with the smallest potential discriminatory potential were: C26, C29, C25, C27 and C28 (spring), C26, C28, C27, C30 and C29 (summer) and C28, C26, C25, C29 and C27 (winter). The n-alkanes in the spring and winter samples allowed discrimination of Coast-cross leaf blade from the top and bottom stems portions of this grass and between grass and legumes. It was possible to discriminate fractions of nutritional importance of Brachiaria brizantha, leaf blade and higher portion of stem in the summer. The multivariate analysis, the canonical variables and the cluster analysis are good procedures to be used in n-alkanes studies for herbivores diets discriminating.

A herança da resistência da soja a Cercospora sojina Hara foi avaliada por meio de parâmetros genéticos, estimados pela análise de médias e de variâncias de um índice multivariado. Foram utilizados os cruzamentos de duas cultivares resistentes, Paraná (P) e Uberaba (U), com uma suscetível, Bossier (B). Foram avaliados cinco caracteres associados à doença, nos genitores e nas gerações F1, F2, RCR e RCS de cada cruzamento: nota do grau de infecção avaliado visualmente; diâmetro médio da lesão; porcentagem de área foliar lesionada; número de lesões por centímetro quadrado; e índice de doença. Foi aplicado aos dados das análises de gerações um índice multivariado anteriormente estabelecido. O efeito genético aditivo foi o mais importante na determinação dos caracteres relacionados com a resistência da soja a C. sojina. Nos dois cruzamentos, PxB e UxB, pelo menos um dos tipos de epistasia (aa, ad e dd) foi significativo, sendo mais adequada a avaliação da resistência da soja a C. sojina, pelo modelo aditivo-dominante-epistático.The inheritance of soybean resistance to Cercospora sojina Hara was studied based on genetic parameters estimated by the analysis of means and variances of a multivariate index. The crosses between two resistant cultivars, Paraná (P) and Uberaba (U), with a susceptible, Bossier (B), were used. The parents and F1, F2, BCR and BCS generations from each cross were evaluated on five characteristics associated to the disease: visually evaluated infection degree; lesion mean diameter; percentage of lesioned leaf area; number of lesions per square centimeter; and disease index. A multivariate index previously established was applied to the data of the generation analyses. The additive genetic effect was the most important in the determination of the characters related to the resistance of soybean to C. sojina. On both crosses (PxB and UxB) at least one kind of epistatic interaction (aa, ad and dd) was significant and the additive-dominant-epistatic model was more adequate to describe the resistance of soybean to C. sojina.

Seven soybean cultivars (Bossier, Cristalina, Davis, Kent, Lincoln, Paraná and Uberaba), with different levels of resistance to Cercospora sojina, race 04, were crossed according to a diallel design, with no reciprocals, to determine the general and the specific combining abilities for the resistance. The evaluations of the reaction to the disease were performed 20 days after the inoculation of the fungus on the most infected leaflet of the plant, in the parents and in the F1 hybrids. To quantify the resistance, the following characteristics were evaluated: infection degree (ID); number of lesions per leaflet (NLL); lesion mean diameter (LMD); lesioned leaf area (LLA); percentage of lesioned leaf area (PLLA); number of lesions per square centimeter (NLC) and disease index (DI). The relative importance of each characteristic was evaluated by the canonical variables analysis and the LLA and NLL characteristics were eliminated from the multivariate function. With the remaining five characteristics, a multivariate index was created using the first canonical vector, which was submitted to the diallel analysis, according to Griffings fixed model, method 2. The most important characters to discriminate resistant from susceptible soybean plants to C. sojina were: ID, LMD, NLC, DI and PLLA. Cristalina, Davis and Uberaba cultivars are the best ones among those tested that can be recommended as parents in soybean breeding programs seeking resistance to Cercospora sojina. The additive, dominant and epistatic genetic effects were important for the expression of the resistance, although the additive genetic effect was the most important component.

In order to study and classify Tuscan virgin olive oils, 179 samples were collected. They were obtained from drupes harvested during the first half of November, from three different zones of the Region. The sampling was repeated for 5 years. Fatty acids, phytol, aliphatic and triterpenic alcohols, triterpenic dialcohols, sterols, squalene and tocopherols were analyzed. A subset of variables was considered. They were selected in a preceding work as the most effective and reliable, from the univariate point of view. The analytical data were transformed (except for the cycloartenol) to compensate annual variations, the mean related to the East zone was subtracted from each value, within each year. Univariate three-class models were calculated and further variables discarded. Then multivariate three-zone models were evaluated, including phytol (that was always selected) and all the combinations of palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acid, tetracosanol, cycloartenol and squalene. Models including from two to seven variables were studied. The best model shows by-zone classification errors less than 40%, by-zone within-year classification errors that are less than 45% and a global classification error equal to 30%. This model includes phytol, palmitic acid, tetracosanol and cycloartenol.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a divergência genética entre cinco populações de coqueiro-gigante-do-brasil (Cocos nucifera L.): Pacatuba, SE, Praia do Forte, BA, Merepe, PE, Santa Rita, PE e São José do Mipibu, RN, por meio de técnicas de análise multivariada, utilizando-se as variáveis canônicas e as distâncias de Mahalanobis. Essas técnicas são largamente utilizadas em estudos de divergência genética e se apresentam com potencial para utilização na cultura do coqueiro. As menores divergências genéticas foram entre as populações Pacatuba e Merepe. A população mais divergente foi a Santa Rita. Para programas de melhoramento genético, visando à obtenção de híbridos, são recomendados cruzamentos entre as populações Santa Rita e Merepe, por apresentarem maior divergência genética.The genetic divergence among five populations of Brazilian Tall Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) -- Pacatuba, SE, Praia do Forte, BA, Merepe, PE, Santa Rita, PE and São José do Mipibu, RN -- was studied by multivariate analysis techniques using canonical variables and Mahalanobis distances. Such techniques are largely used to study genetic divergence and are potentially useful for coconut palms. The lowest genetic divergence were found between populations of Pacatuba and Merepe. Santa Rita had the highest divergent population. In a breeding program is recommended crosses among the Santa Rita and Merepe populations due to their higher genetic divergence.

Copyright of Revista Avances: Investigación en Ingeniería is the property of Universidad Libre, Facultad de Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we review the Hamiltonian description of General Relativity using a double null foliation. We start by looking at the 2+2 version of geometrodynamics and show the role of the conformal 2-structure of the 2-metric in encoding (through the shear) the 2 gravitational degrees of freedom. In the second part of the paper we consider instead a canonical analysis of a double null 2+2 Hamiltonian description of General Relativity in terms of self-dual 2-forms and the associated SO(3) connection variables. The algebra of first class constraints is obtained and forms a Lie algebra that consists of two constraints that generate diffeomorphisms in the two surface, a constraint that generates diffeomorphisms along the null generators and a constraint that generates self-dual spin and boost transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência Agronômica is the property of Revista Ciencia Agronomica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We suggest a method for constructing the dynamic equations of manipulator systems in canonical variables. The system of differential dynamic equations has an integral manifold corresponding to the holonomic and nonholonomic constraint equations. The controls are determined so as to ensure the stability of this manifold. We state conditions for the exponential stability of the manifold and for constraint stabilization when solving the dynamic equations numerically by a simplest difference method. We also present the solution of the problem of control of a plane two-link manipulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência Agronômica is the property of Revista Ciencia Agronomica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: This study presents the results of investigations concerning variations in traits that effect structure of biomass yield in eight selected clones of common osier (Salix viminalis L.) from the willow collection at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Additionally, analysis of clone/genotype interactions with years was performed for these traits. The study was conducted on two clones from the oldest Polish forms of common osier, namely, Paskówka and Gigantea. Three newer collected Polish common osier clones, and three clones from Swedish cultivars of common osier, were also used in this study. Early development stages of willow plants were investigated in field experiments. The study began with the planting of the willows and ended with harvesting after the third year of growth. The experiment was performed in the random block design in three replications. Analysis of variance on the tested clones of common osier with terms of their yield structure traits was performed on plant height, tillering, shoot diameter and yield. The analysis showed that a significant variation between clones begins in the second year of growth. Moreover, a significant genotype and environment interaction was found for all the willow clones, in terms of yield, which is expressed by the weight of one plant. However, this interaction for other traits was significant only in relation to certain clones. In the third year of cultivation old Polish willow clones in comparison with the Swedish and new Polish clones have higher plant weight (yield), tillering and shoot diameter. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This study presents the results of investigations of variation, genotype × year interactions and genotype × year × location interactions for the yield and morphological traits of several selected clones of energy grasses of the genus Miscanthus. The analyses were performed on the best clones of selected hybrid plants, which were obtained within the species M. sinensis or are the result of interspecific hybridization of M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus. Analyses were conducted on the basis of three-year field trials at two locations. The young plants produced from in vitro cultures were planted at a density of one plant per m2. The early stages of plant development, from planting until peak yield in the third year of cultivation, were analysed. Statistical analyses performed on the yield and morphological traits as well as changes in these characteristics over the successive years of the study showed considerable genotypic variation for traits under study. Moreover, significant genotype × year interactions as well as genotype × year × location interactions were observed in terms of yield and morphological traits. Based on the collective results of the study, we suggest that apart from M. x giganteus particularly hybrids of M. sinensis × M. sacchariflorus, should be taken into consideration in genetic and breeding studies on the improvement of yield from energy grasses of the genus Miscanthus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mathématiques & Sciences Humaines is the property of Editions du CNRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cytogenetic and morphometric analyses were carried out in Hoplias aff. malabaricus specimens from six distinct populations from the lower Paranapanema River basin, located between the states of Paraná and São Paulo, Brazil. Measurements were also taken from a specimen collected in Surinam. In a population from a fish farm station at Universidade do Norte do Parana (EPUNOPAR), two sympatric cytotypes (2 n = 40 and 2 n = 42 chromosomes) are found. A population from a fish farm station at Universidade Estadual de Londrina (EPUEL) shows 2 n = 42 meta–submetacentric chromosomes for males and females with a simple sex chromosome system of XX/XY type. Populations from the Vermelho and Rancho Alegre Rivers, Três Bocas Stream and Paranapanema River have 2 n = 39 chromosomes in males and 2 n = 40 chromosomes in females, showing a multiple sex chromosome system of X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y type. Twenty morphological variables were studied. These measurements were used for an analysis of the canonical variables and standard analysis of proportional measurements. The most variable measurements among the specimens are the maxilla length (MXL) and the pre-dorsal distance (PDD). Analysis of canonical variables indicates three distinct groups in the first canonical axis formed by: (1) Três Bocas Stream, (2) Rancho Alegre + Vermelho River + EPUNOPAR and (3) EPUEL + Paranapanema River. This axis retained 79·4% of information from the original matrix. Analysis of morphometrics reveals differences among populations from the Paranapanema River basin and between these and the specimen from Surinam. The morphometric and cytogenetic differences among the studied populations suggest a species complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biota Neotropica is the property of Biota Neotropica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Miscanthus species are highly productive with low inputs and are excellent candidates for bioenergy feedstock production. A field experiment was conducted to characterize phenotypic differences in selected clones generated from interspecific hybrids of Miscanthus sinensis × Miscanthus sacchariflorus and intraspecific hybrids within M. sinensis. The field experiment was planted in plots of 20m2 at a density of 1plantm−2 in three randomized blocks. The trial was monitored for 3 years for traits important to biomass production including plant height, tiller density, tuft diameter and shoot diameter. ANOVA showed significant genotypic variation in these traits once the stand was 2 years old. This study shows that tillering and tuft diameter in years 1 and 2 are the most important traits influencing biomass yield, but over 3 years when the highest yielding potential is reached, tillering and tuft diameter have the highest correlation with biomass yield. These results identifying high-yielding Miscanthus clones will be utilized in our plant improvement program. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The principal components technique was used in research evaluating four hatchings with different kinds of eggs according to their weight and shape. To this end, a factorial experiment (3 x 2) with a completely randomized design was carried out to determine hatching development through biological control. Main results from Kaiser- Mayer- Olkin's and Bartlett's tests showed that evaluated indexes were associated; hence, a number of transformations are required to guarantee the analyzed variables independence. Throughout the suggested methodology, four independent final variables were obtained. The variance analysis showed no interaction between egg weight and shape. In conclusion, the original variables transformation guaranteed their independence, thus confirming the preliminary hypotheses concerning variance analysis and simplifying result interpretation. The canonical variables assessment will be easier therefore when using terms such as efficiency and proportion in relation to the most significant reported value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, the influence functions and limiting distributions of the canonical correlations and coefficients based on affine equivariant scatter matrices are developed for elliptically symmetric distributions. General formulas for limiting variances and covariances of the canonical correlations and canonical vectors based on scatter matrices are obtained. Also the use of the so-called shape matrices in canonical analysis is investigated. The scatter and shape matrices based on the affine equivariant Sign Covariance Matrix as well as the Tyler''s shape matrix serve as examples. Their finite sample and limiting efficiencies are compared to those of the Minimum Covariance Determinant estimators and S-estimator through theoretical and simulation studies. The theory is illustrated by an example. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this article we establish conditions under which canonical variables can be defined for a variational problem defined on a geometric (compact) surface. Also, we show the form the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations assume once we rewrite them in terms of such canonical variables. Furthermore, we prove a version of Jacobi's theorem generalizing the univariate standard version of this theorem. The main results are applied to the conformal Gauss curvature functional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]