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An analytical revision of the two marble plates located in the parish of Carcacía (Padrón), exhibited in the Museum of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, is presented. According to the archeometric analysis carried out within the “MarmoraGalicia” project and despite of the generalized consideration that they were pieces made of local marble, it has been possible to characterize the marble as coming from the quarries of Trigaches-São Brissos, in the Roman province of Lusitania. This question and other issues lead us to rethink the moment of the importation of these pieces to the northwest of the Iberian peninsula, as well as the meaning and function that they could have fulfilled in their destination., Se presenta una revisión analítica de las dos placas marmóreas localizadas en la parroquia de Carcacía (Padrón), expuestas en el Museo de la Catedral de Santiago de Compostela. En función del análisis arqueométrico realizado dentro del proyecto “MarmoraGalicia”, frente a la consideración generalizada de que se trataba de piezas realizadas en mármol local, éste se ha podido caracterizar como procedente de las canteras de Trigaches-São Brissos, en la provincia romana de Lusitania. Esa y otras consideraciones llevan a cuestionarse el momento de importación de estas piezas al noroeste, así como el sentido y la función que podrían haber cumplido estas piezas en su lugar de destino.

In the resources of the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lviv, sources about the Jesuits concerns various parts of Galicia, and, in some cases, lands beyond its borders. Most archival units containing documents from the period of kasat are not widely known, and some of them are probably not used at all. The documents archived here may be of interest to art historians, as well as historians of material culture or medical historians. Part of them may prove useful also in research on pre- and fortune-possession of Jesuits in the Austrian Partition and outside its borders. The wide chronological range and the abundance of this material lead to the conclusion that it well reflects the subsequent stages in Jesuit history after the dissolution of the order in 1773. Many documents relate to just this and the period before and after the restoration of the Order in 1814. His delegalization in 1848 and the way of the Jesuits to abolition in 1853 are well documented. Preserved inventories don’t have to be fully reliable, of course. They may also not reflect the actual possession of the order in the period before the dissolution. The important thing is, that they allow at least a partial reconstruction of the equipment of churches, colleges, pharmacies or convents. These documents also contain lists of monks and a discussion on providing them with means of subsistence. Thanks to them, we also get a spatial picture of the development of post-Jesuit plots, gradually merging into the urban organism modernized in the 19th century. W zasobach Państwowego Archiwum Historycznego Ukrainy we Lwowie źródła odnoszące się do jezuitów dotyczą różnych części Galicji, a w niektórych przypadkach także terenów poza jej granicami. Większość jednostek archiwalnych zawierających dokumenty z okresu kasat zakonu nie jest powszechnie znana, a niektóre z nich prawdopodobnie nigdy nie były wykorzystywane. Zaprezentowane w artykule dokumenty mogą zainteresować historyków sztuki, a także historyków kultury materialnej lub historyków medycyny. Część z nich może okazać się przydatna także w badaniach nad przed- i pokasatowym stanem posiadania jezuitów w zaborze austriackim i poza jego granicami. Szeroki zakres chronologiczny i bogactwo tego materiału prowadzą do wniosku, że dobrze odzwierciedla on kolejne etapy historii jezuickiej po rozwiązaniu zakonu w 1773 r. Wiele dokumentów dotyczy też okresu po jego przywróceniu w 1814 r. Jego delegalizacja w 1848 r. i droga do zniesienia jezuitów w 1853 r. są dobrze udokumentowane. Zachowane zasoby nie muszą być oczywiście w pełni niezawodne. Mogą również nie odzwierciedlać faktycznego stanu posiadania w okresie przed rozwiązaniem. Ważne jest to, że pozwalają przynajmniej na częściową rekonstrukcję wyposażenia kościołów, kolegiów, aptek lub klasztorów. Dokumenty te zawierają również listy mnichów i dyskusję na temat zapewnienia im środków utrzymania. Dzięki nim otrzymujemy także przestrzenny obraz ewolucji działek pojezuickich, stopniowo łączących się z modernizowanym w XIX w. organizmem miejskim.

W zasobach Państwowego Archiwum Historycznego Ukrainy we Lwowie źródła odnoszące się do jezuitów dotyczą różnych części Galicji, a w niektórych przypadkach także terenów poza jej granicami. Większość jednostek archiwalnych zawierających dokumenty z okresu kasat zakonu nie jest powszechnie znana, a niektóre z nich prawdopodobnie nigdy nie były wykorzystywane. Zaprezentowane w artykule dokumenty mogą zainteresować historyków sztuki, a także historyków kultury materialnej lub historyków medycyny. Część z nich może okazać się przydatna także w badaniach nad przed- i pokasatowym stanem posiadania jezuitów w zaborze austriackim i poza jego granicami. Szeroki zakres chronologiczny i bogactwo tego materiału prowadzą do wniosku, że dobrze odzwierciedla on kolejne etapy historii jezuickiej po rozwiązaniu zakonu w 1773 r. Wiele dokumentów dotyczy też okresu po jego przywróceniu w 1814 r. Jego delegalizacja w 1848 r. i droga do zniesienia jezuitów w 1853 r. są dobrze udokumentowane. Zachowane zasoby nie muszą być oczywiście w pełni niezawodne. Mogą również nie odzwierciedlać faktycznego stanu posiadania w okresie przed rozwiązaniem. Ważne jest to, że pozwalają przynajmniej na częściową rekonstrukcję wyposażenia kościołów, kolegiów, aptek lub klasztorów. Dokumenty te zawierają również listy mnichów i dyskusję na temat zapewnienia im środków utrzymania. Dzięki nim otrzymujemy także przestrzenny obraz ewolucji działek pojezuickich, stopniowo łączących się z modernizowanym w XIX w. organizmem miejskim., In the resources of the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lviv, sources about the Jesuits concerns various parts of Galicia, and, in some cases, lands beyond its borders. Most archival units containing documents from the period of kasat are not widely known, and some of them are probably not used at all. The documents archived here may be of interest to art historians, as well as historians of material culture or medical historians. Part of them may prove useful also in research on pre- and fortune-possession of Jesuits in the Austrian Partition and outside its borders. The wide chronological range and the abundance of this material lead to the conclusion that it well reflects the subsequent stages in Jesuit history after the dissolution of the order in 1773. Many documents relate to just this and the period before and after the restoration of the Order in 1814. His delegalization in 1848 and the way of the Jesuits to abolition in 1853 are well documented. Preserved inventories don’t have to be fully reliable, of course. They may also not reflect the actual possession of the order in the period before the dissolution. The important thing is, that they allow at least a partial reconstruction of the equipment of churches, colleges, pharmacies or convents. These documents also contain lists of monks and a discussion on providing them with means of subsistence. Thanks to them, we also get a spatial picture of the development of post-Jesuit plots, gradually merging into the urban organism modernized in the 19th century.

Fıkıh usûlü, başta fıkıh olmak üzere bütün İslami ilimler için bir üst metodoloji hüviyetine sahiptir. Şâfiî, kaleme aldığı er-Risâle'siyle bu ilmin kurucusu olmuştur. Ona göre, şer'î hükümler konusunda kesin ve güvenilir bilgi sağlayan kaynaklar/cihetü'l-ilm, Kur'an, Sünnet ile icmâ ve kıyastır. Şer'î delillerden olan hadislerin birbiriyle uyumu ve aralarında yaşanacak ihtilafı giderme, Şâfiî'nin eserlerinde önemli bir yer tutmanın yanı sıra onu, usûle dair bir eser yazmaya sevk eden etkenlerin başında yer almaktadır. Şâfiî, hadisler arası ihtilaf konusunu ele alan ve çözüm esaslarını belirleyen ve bu alanda müstakil eser yazan ilk kişidir. Çalışmamızda Şâfiî'nin konuyla ilgili eserleri başta olmak üzere konuyla ilgili çalışmaları incelemek suretiyle anlayışını ortaya koymaya çalıştık. Bu çerçevede birinci bölümde Şâfiî'nin hayatı, eseleri, düşünce yapısı ve fıkıh usûlü anlayışına yer verirken; ikinci bölümde ihtilaf ve ilgili kavramların tanımı, teâruzun imkânı, vukuu, rükünleri, şartları, mahalli, hükmü, türleri ve çözüm yolları gibi konularda İmam Şâfiî ile cumhurun yaklaşımlarına yer verdik. Şâfiî'ye göre şer'î deliller arasında, çözümsüz bir çatışmanın vuku' söz konusu değildir. Ancak, her çözüm yolu mutlaka bir delile dayanmalıdır. Şâfiî, eserlerinde teâruz kavramını mutlak olarak delillerin çatışmasını ifade etmek üzere kullansa da çoğunlukla hadislerin birbiriyle çatışmasını ifade etmek üzere, ihtilafu'l-hadis kavramıyla aynı anlamda kullanmaktadır. Şâfiî, muhtelif/ihtilaf kavramlarıyla, aralarında cem' imkânı bulunmayan hadislerin çatışmasını kastetmektedir. Şâfiî, zahirde birbiriyle çatışan ve te'lifi imkân dâhilinde olan deliller için `cem' ` kavramı yerine `iki delilin kullanılması` veya `iki haberin geçerli kılınması` anlamına gelen `isti'mâlu'd-delileyn` ya da `İmdâu'd-delîleyn` ifadelerini kullanırken, buna karşın aralarında hakiki teâruzun/ihtilafın bulunması nedeniyle uzlaştırılamayan deliller için ise, `İki delilden birinin itibardan/amelden düşürülmesi, atılması, işlevsiz kılınması` anlamına gelen `ıskatu/tarhu/ta'til-ü ehadi'd-delîleyn` tabirlerini kullanmaktadır. Şâfiî, ihtilafı gidermede sırasıyla cem', nesh ve tercih yollarına başvurmaktadır. O'na göre nesh ve tercih, hakiki; cem' ise zahiri ihtilafı giderme yollarıdır.Anahtar Sözcükler Şer'î delil, Hadis, İhtilaf, Teâruz, Cem', Çözüm yolu, Nesh, Tercih, Iskat, İ'mal. The fiqh method, especially fiqh has an upper methodology identity for all Islamic sciences. Shafii, in his book er-Risale, was the founder of this science. According to him, the sources that provide precise and reliable information on shari'a ruling / ciheta'l-ilm are the Qur'an, the Sunnah and the ijma and qiyaas. The harmony of the Sharia evidences and especially eliminating the dispute of the Ahadith, is one of the most important factors in Shafii 's work, as well as its importance in writing a method. According to him, among the Shari'i proofs, there is no issue of having an unsolved problem. However, every solution must be based on an evidence. Although Shafii uses the concept of teâruz in his works to express the conflict of the evidence, he often uses the conflict as a discipline to express the conflict of the hadiths. Shafii refers to the conflict of the hadiths which do not have the possibility of combination. He uses this notion only for evidence that can be resolved through conflict, or preference among them. The evidence that carries this attribute is only hadiths. Shafii is the first person who deals with the issue of conflict between hadiths and decides the basis of the solution and writes an independent work on this field. According to him, the hadith dispute is mostly due to narrator as a source, but also because of the difference of context, not considering the public-matter, and the unknowingness of the nas relation. Shafii, `isti'malu'd-delileyn` or `Imdau'd-delileyn` which means `the use of two pieces of evidence` or `the validation of two articles` instead of the concept of `cem` for the evidence which conflicts with each other, for the evidence that we are using the expressions but are unable to be reconciled because of the existence of true dispute among them and we are to take one of the evidence and abandon the other, we can say that there is `inscription / tarhu / ta'til`, which means that one of the two evidences should be dropped, -i ehadi'd-delileyn `. For this reason, in the open conflict, both conflicting evidence will be the subject of the work; whereas in the real conflict, only one of the conflicting evidence can be the subject of the work. Shafii appeals to the way of reconciliation / cem 'when there is a conflict between the proofs, then to the way of nesh when he cannot find this possibility, and when he cannot find the nesh he used the way of tercih. According to him, while nesh and tercih, are ways of resolving the true conflict; cem 'is the only way to resolve the visible conflict. Key WordsProof of Shri, hadith, dispute, conflict, conciliation, way of solution, cancel, preferance, drop, actuat. 343

El autor investiga nuevos vestigios escultóricos datados a mediados del siglo XI y procedentes de la desaparecida iglesia del rey Fernando I en León, dedicada primero a San Juan Bautista y, a partir del año 1063, a San Isidoro. A partir del análisis de algunas piezas del tesoro de aquel templo, y la aportación de nueva documentación sobre un cancel y una arqueta de piedra, se reflexiona sobre la precoz adopción de los lenguajes románicos en aquel contexto, muy desconocido ante la pérdida casi total de sus ornamentos.

Este artículo es una breve revisión de las operaciones relacionadas con la gestión de eventos y paso de mensajes entre objetos en el lenguaje MetaTalk.