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Betong chicken (KU line) is a slow‐growing Thai native chicken used for meat production. The objectives of this study were to identify polymorphisms of the calpain1 (CAPN1) and calpain3 (CAPN3) genes and to investigate their effects on growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in Betong chickens (KU line). A sample of 252 Betong chickens (KU line) was screened for CAPN1 and CAPN3 polymorphisms. The polymorphisms of CAPN1 were detected using gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing, whereas the polymorphisms of CAPN3 were identified using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Polymorphisms were detected in both CAPN1 (AA, AB, and BB genotypes) and CAPN3 (CC, CT, and TT genotypes). The frequency of the B allele was higher than for the A allele (0.78 and 0.22, respectively) in CAPN1, while the C allelic frequency was higher than for the T allele (0.54 and 0.46, respectively) in CAPN3. The CAPN1 genotype and the combination of the CAPN1 and CAPN3 genotypes could be used as genetic markers for meat lightness. The CAPN3 could be useful for increasing body weight, live weight, and breast meat weight in Betong chickens (KU line). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of molecular genetic markers for productivity is one of the modern approaches in breeding beef cattle. The article presents the results of the studies on the influence of genotypes by the calpain (CAPN1) and growth hormone (GH) genes on live weight, fatty acid composition of blood plasma, quantitative and qualitative indicators of meat of young cattle of Kazakh white-headed breed. It was established that animals of the homozygous geno-types СС–CAPN1 and VV-GH had a larger live weight and its average daily gain on the 240th and 365th days. Their superiority over the GG and LL genotypes was 13.8% (P

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The objective of this work was to estimate the allelic and genotypic frequencies of CAST/XmnI, a calpastatin gene polymorphism, and CAPN530, a calpain 1 large subunit gene polymorphism, in different beef genetic groups (Nelore and Nelore x Bos taurus), and to investigate associations between these polymorphisms and carcass and meat traits. Three hundred animals - comprising 114 Nelore, 67 Angus x Nelore, 44 Rubia Gallega x Nelore, 41 Canchim, 19 Brangus three-way cross and 15 Braunvieh three-way cross- were genotyped by PCR-RFLP and phenotyped for rib-eye area (REA), back-fat thickness (BT), intramuscular fat (IF), shear force (SF) and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI). The occurrence of the two alleles of the CAST/XmnI and CAPN530 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a B. indicus breed, which permitted association studies in purebred and crossbred Nelore cattle, was first shown in the present work. No relationship was found between the CAST or CAPN1 SNPs and growth-related traits (REA) or fat deposition (BT and IF), since calpastatin and µ-calpain are not physiologically involved with these traits. Moreover, the association results between genotypes and aged meat tenderness (assessed by SF and MFI) showed that these markers are useless in assisted selection for purebred Nelore and their crosses with B. taurus.O presente trabalho objetivou estimar, em bovinos de corte de diferentes grupos genéticos (Nelore e Nelore x Bos taurus), as frequências alélicas e genotípicas dos polimorfismos CAST/XmnI, do gene da calpastatina, e CAPN530, do gene da calpaína, bem como avaliar a ocorrência de associações entre esses polimorfismos e características da carcaça e da carne produzida. Trezentos animais - 114 Nelore, 67 Angus x Nelore, 44 Rubia Galega x Nelore, 41 Canchim, 19 tricross Brangus e 15 tricross Braunvieh - foram genotipados por PCR-RFLP e fenotipados para área de olho de lombo (AOL), cobertura de gordura subcutânea (CGS), gordura intramuscular (GI), força de cisalhamento (FC) e índice de fragmentação miofibrilar (IFM). A ocorrência dos dois alelos dos polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs) CAST/XmnI e CAPN530 em animais B. indicus, que viabilizou estudos de associação em gado Nelore puro e cruzado, foi demonstrada pela primeira vez neste trabalho. Nenhuma relação foi encontrada entre os SNPs dos genes CAST e CAPN1 e as características de crescimento (AOL) ou deposição de gordura (CGS e GI), já que a calpastatina e a µ-calpaína não estão fisiologicamente envolvidas com essas características. Os resultados de associação entre os genótipos e a maciez da carne maturada (avaliada por FC e IFM) mostraram a pouca utilidade desses marcadores na seleção de bovinos Nelore puros ou cruzados com B. taurus.

Presented here are five members of a family that was ascertained from an isolated, consanguineous, indigenous Amerindian community in Colombia that was affected with calpain 3-related, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type R1. These patients are homozygous for a unique and novel deletion of four bases (TGCC) in exon 3 of the calpain 3 gene (CAPN3) (NM_000070.2; NP_000061.1) (g.409_412del). The mutation site occurs at the CysPc protein domain, triggering a modified truncated protein structure and affecting motifs within the calpain-like thiol protease family (peptidase family C2) region. The patients reported here developed a very severe phenotype with primary contractures, spinal rigidity in the early stages of the disease, and bilateral talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) in the most affected patients who had the selective involvement of their extremities' distal muscles in a way that resembled Emery–Dreifuss syndrome. We recommend mandatory screening for calpainopathy in all patients with an Emery–Dreifuss-like syndrome or those presenting a non-congenital illness with primary contractures and who, because of other data, are suspected of having muscular dystrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]