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This paper deals with the design of a calibration device for measuring the residual torque of the vehicle brake. It informs about the problems and purpose of the brakes, requirements placed on the brake system, and the design of vehicle brake systems. The practical part of the research contains the design of four versions of the calibration device and the 3D model of the proposed calibration device. There is also a new calibration methodology and calculation of the theoretical fault of the calibration device. An analysis and comparison of the original and new torque sensor calibration methods are presented at the end of this paper. By comparing the original and new calibration methods, it was revealed that the deviations from the required torque value compared to the original calibration version decreased from an average value of 0.154 Nm to 0.0047 Nm, and the variance of the measured values decreased on average from 0.00276 Nm to 2.07 × 10−6 Nm. The proposed new torque sensor calibration method has shown a positive contribution to the accuracy of torque sensor calibration, which as a result will significantly increase the reliability and accuracy of measuring the residual torque of automobile brakes and shorten the measurement time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulse oximeter is the most commonly used instrument for clinical diagnosis of human blood oxygen saturation, so whether the measurement of blood oxygen saturation is stable and reliable. Medical staff should calibrate the pulse oximeter regularly to ensure its safety and reliability. The pulse oximeter in use can be calibrated with an intelligent calibration device. The purpose of this article is to design an intelligent digital wearable smart pulse oximeter calibration device. The device uses advanced digital technology combined with programming technology to achieve accurate calibration of wearable smart pulse oximeter. Through the device, the accurate measurement of parameters such as blood oxygen saturation and heart rate is realized, and real-time feedback and adjustment function is provided to ensure the stability and accuracy of the device. The implementation of this design is expected to improve the application effect of wearable smart pulse oximeter in the field of clinical and personal health monitoring, and provide users with more reliable health data support. The experimental results show that under the same test period (24 hours), the voltage change of the photosensor is 7mV, and the deviation of blood oxygen saturation is 0.4%, which may mean that the performance of the device under this condition is more stable and accurate compared with other experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the design of a calibration device for measuring the residual torque of the vehicle brake. It informs about the problems and purpose of the brakes, requirements placed on the brake system, and the design of vehicle brake systems. The practical part of the research contains the design of four versions of the calibration device and the 3D model of the proposed calibration device. There is also a new calibration methodology and calculation of the theoretical fault of the calibration device. An analysis and comparison of the original and new torque sensor calibration methods are presented at the end of this paper. By comparing the original and new calibration methods, it was revealed that the deviations from the required torque value compared to the original calibration version decreased from an average value of 0.154 Nm to 0.0047 Nm, and the variance of the measured values decreased on average from 0.00276 Nm to 2.07 × 10−6 Nm. The proposed new torque sensor calibration method has shown a positive contribution to the accuracy of torque sensor calibration, which as a result will significantly increase the reliability and accuracy of measuring the residual torque of automobile brakes and shorten the measurement time.

A new calibration device using a double-ball rotary structure and three contact displacement sensors is proposed to measure the spatial errors of six-axis serial robot. The error model is divided into kinematics part and static stiffness part, established by Modified DH (MDH) model and virtual joint method. The MDH parameter errors are compensated by modifying the angles of each axis with Newton Raphson compensation method and ridge estimation. The stiffness parameters are also identified by the least square method. The self-designed double-ball rotary device is calibrated by coordinate measuring machine (CMM), while the three-point measuring device is calibrated by gauge block. Then, the kinematic and static stiffness calibration and compensation experiments are carried out on EPSON C4 A901 robot in turn. The spatial error under none load and 1.0 kg, 1.5 kg, 2.0 kg gravity load are measured separately. The experiment results show that the motion accuracy of the robot is improved to the range from 0.0163 mm to 0.0236 mm under the gravity load conditions between weights of 1.0 kg and 2.0 kg. Finally, by comparing the measuring results from the laser displacement sensor and laser interferometer, the measurement accuracy of each axis of the self-designed device is equivalent to the laser displacement sensor and the laser interferometer in micron range. • The self-designed measuring device consisting of three-point probing component and double-ball rotary component is proposed for measuring the spatial error of TCP of 6-axis joint industrial robot. • The compensating processes of spatial error are performed by the kinematic calibration under no-load condition and the static stiffness calibration under different loads, respectively. • After dynamic compensation, the average errors of the robot's TCP are improved to the range from 0.0163 mm to 0.0236 mm under the gravity load conditions between 1.0–2.0 kg weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MultiCal is an affordable, high-precision measuring device designed for the on-site calibration of industrial robots. Its design features a long measuring rod with a spherical tip that is attached to the robot. By restricting the rod's tip to multiple fixed points under different rod orientations, the relative positions of these points are accurately measured beforehand. A common issue with MultiCal is the gravitational deformation of the long measuring rod, which introduces measurement errors into the system. This problem becomes especially serious when calibrating large robots, as the length of the measuring rod needs to be increased to enable the robot to move in a sufficient space. To address this issue, we propose two improvements in this paper. Firstly, we suggest the use of a new design of the measuring rod that is lightweight yet has high rigidity. Secondly, we propose a deformation compensation algorithm. Experimental results have shown that the new measuring rod improves calibration accuracy from 20% to 39%, while using the deformation compensation algorithm, the accuracy increases from 6% to 16%. In the best configuration, the calibration accuracy is similar to that of a measuring arm with a laser scanner, producing an average positioning error of 0.274 mm and a maximum positioning error of 0.838 mm. The improved design is cost-affordable, robust, and has sufficient accuracy, making MultiCal a more reliable tool for industrial robot calibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fusion of camera and lidar plays an important role in the field of robotic perception. The accurate external parameter calibration is a necessary prerequisite for sensor fusion. Herein, an auxiliary calibration device with distinctive geometric features was designed to address the problems of low accuracy and poor robustness associated with external parameter calibrations of camera and lidar. Moreover, a coarse-to-fine two-stage calibration method was proposed for the external parameters of the camera and lidar. The first stage of the method is the extraction of multiple groups of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) lines corresponding to the edge of the calibration device from the image and lidar point cloud that yields a unique initial estimation of the external parameters. In the second stage, the 2D–3D center point of the sphere of the calibration device was detected, and the initial external parameters were further optimized using a nonlinear optimization method. The proposed method provides two different features that add stability against noise to the calibration system. Both simulated and actual experiments show that the method can yield high-precision external parameters without an initial value. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, our method has advantages in terms of accuracy. the calibration system has a certain degree of noise resistance and stability under different laser noise and vertical resolution.

The beam calibration results are affected by the impedance of the calibration device. If impedance matching is not maintained, reflected signals would be generated, which would lead to the superposition of reflected signals and excitation signals, therefore, the signals that stimulated BPM are not similar to the real beam signals. In addition, the unsealed outer conductor of some beam calibration devices may lead to leakage of excitation signals or detection of other electromagnetic signal noises in the laboratory, thus increasing the calibration and detection errors. In order to calibrate and measure the transverse bias of the beams in the Rhodotron electron accelerator more accurately, an external moving type beam calibration device based on quasiimpedance matching transmission was proposed, and its outer conductor was completely enclosed. The connection of the main components for the outer conductor is as follows: excitation signal input portfirst fixed straight line sectionfirst bellows sectionfirst impedance matching section-BPM-second impedance matching sectionsecond bellows section-second fixed straight line section-excitation signal output port. In order to study the calibration device, CST MicroWave Studio was used to establish the calibration device, and the beam bias was simulated by fixing the inner conductor rod of the calibration device and moving the beam detector (outer conductor) outside the calibration device, so it is called external moving type calibration device. The ratio between the inner diameter of the outer conductor and the outer diameter of the inner conductor is kept at 2303, so that the impedance matching of the electromagnetic wave in the transmission of the calibration device is maintained at 50 Ω. The influence of outer diameter of inner conductor on the spectral response of detector was studied. The results show that changing the size of the inner rod does not change the resonant peak position of the beam detector. The inner conductor rod is fixed and the outer conductor is moved for the first time to maintain the quasiimpedance matching state of the calibration device. In the impedance matching section, the aperture of the two ends of the pipe can be changed to adapt to BPMs of different apertures. To calibrate BPMs of other aperture, only the impedance matching section and the inner conductor rod need to be redesigned, thus increasing the utilization rate of other equipments of the calibration device. The effect of external moving type calibration device on beam calibration was compared with that of fixed outer conductor and moving inner conductor calibration device. The results show that the detector spectral response curves of the two devices coincide highly regardless of whether the beam is offset or not, and the outer conductor moving calibration device has a better impedance matching. Finally, the outer conductor moving calibration device was applied to the actual beam calibration, which proves that the calibration device could be used for the calibration of Rhodotron electron beam.

Copyright of Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Atomic Energy Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Board of Atomic Energy Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract the problems of medical breath tests exploitation were considered. Method for solving these problems was considered. The calibration device for automatic preparation of standard examination gas to carry out calibration medical breath sensors was provided. Preparation error of this device were quantitatively estimated. Choice of component to realize this device was provided.

MultiCal is an affordable, high-precision measuring device designed for the on-site calibration of industrial robots. Its design features a long measuring rod with a spherical tip that is attached to the robot. By restricting the rod’s tip to multiple fixed points under different rod orientations, the relative positions of these points are accurately measured beforehand. A common issue with MultiCal is the gravitational deformation of the long measuring rod, which introduces measurement errors into the system. This problem becomes especially serious when calibrating large robots, as the length of the measuring rod needs to be increased to enable the robot to move in a sufficient space. To address this issue, we propose two improvements in this paper. Firstly, we suggest the use of a new design of the measuring rod that is lightweight yet has high rigidity. Secondly, we propose a deformation compensation algorithm. Experimental results have shown that the new measuring rod improves calibration accuracy from 20% to 39%, while using the deformation compensation algorithm, the accuracy increases from 6% to 16%. In the best configuration, the calibration accuracy is similar to that of a measuring arm with a laser scanner, producing an average positioning error of 0.274 mm and a maximum positioning error of 0.838 mm. The improved design is cost-affordable, robust, and has sufficient accuracy, making MultiCal a more reliable tool for industrial robot calibration.

Featured Application: A standard device of steel measuring tape based on machine vision is used for the intelligent detection of steel measuring tape, with accurate, fast, and automatic characteristics. The application of this device falls within the scope of metrology. Aiming to address the disadvantages of the low automation degree of the traditional steel measuring tape verification device, as well as the high labor intensity of metrologists, high time costs, and low measurement accuracy, this paper develops a new automatic steel measuring tape calibration device based on machine vision technology. In this study, the key components, such as the tape-winding mechanism, machine vision system, force measuring device, and tape-retracting device, were designed. Three different scribed line identification and location algorithms, processing the longest line, the closest to the starting line, the highest line, etc., were designed to adapt to different types of steel measuring tape. Lastly, indication error and measurement repeatability tests were carried out. The results showed that the standard device can carry out the verification and calibration of steel measuring tape, and the maximum repeatability of the indication error of the test objects was 0.025 mm, 0.038 mm, and 0.030 mm, respectively, and the indication error of each object was within the allowable error limits. The uncertainty evaluation of the indication error of each test object was 0.16 mm, 0.54 mm, 0.78 mm, which was not more than one third of the maximum permissible error value. Hence, the measuring principle, method, and procedure of the calibration device are shown to be scientific and feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper put forward an ID calibration device for vehicle tire pressure monitoring system. The device uses Bluetooth Module to read commands from the intelligent terminal, and orders the vehicle tire pressure receiver to enter different diagnostic session modes via data interaction of CAN bus, which achieves reading, writing and updating of the vehicle tire pressure ID. The software of calibration device adopts dual producer-consumer buffer, and time-based task scheduler algorithm, which avoids loss or coverage caused by untimely data processing, and improves user experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming to address the disadvantages of the low automation degree of the traditional steel measuring tape verification device, as well as the high labor intensity of metrologists, high time costs, and low measurement accuracy, this paper develops a new automatic steel measuring tape calibration device based on machine vision technology. In this study, the key components, such as the tape-winding mechanism, machine vision system, force measuring device, and tape-retracting device, were designed. Three different scribed line identification and location algorithms, processing the longest line, the closest to the starting line, the highest line, etc., were designed to adapt to different types of steel measuring tape. Lastly, indication error and measurement repeatability tests were carried out. The results showed that the standard device can carry out the verification and calibration of steel measuring tape, and the maximum repeatability of the indication error of the test objects was 0.025 mm, 0.038 mm, and 0.030 mm, respectively, and the indication error of each object was within the allowable error limits. The uncertainty evaluation of the indication error of each test object was 0.16 mm, 0.54 mm, 0.78 mm, which was not more than one third of the maximum permissible error value. Hence, the measuring principle, method, and procedure of the calibration device are shown to be scientific and feasible.

Resistance to inhaling and pressure overfall of filter sticks are of great importance for the manufacture of tobacco products with the specified parameters of quality and safety. Methods for determining these indicators, devices for their measurement are constantly improved. In this regard, an interstate standard is being developed according to ISO 6565: 2015 version in order to update and comply with international requirements when testing tobacco products, which, after adoption, will be used by testing laboratories in preparing cigarettes for analytical definitions during machine smoking.

Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) is widely used in traffic transport industry. In order to solve the traceability of FWD, the definition of deflection was studied, the use and measurement of FWD was thoroughly analysed, and the measurement parameters were determined. Calibration device, standard foundation, and experimental environmental conditions of FWD was set up. The measurement uncertainty of the calibration equipment has been analysed. Through the test of the typical FWD, the performance of the calibration equipment is tested. Through the establishment of the traceability chain of ‘ Absolute normal low frequency vibration standard device-FWD calibration equipment-FWD’, it can meet the calibration/verification requirements of FWD.

Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) is widely used in traffic transport industry. In order to solve the traceability of FWD, the definition of deflection was studied, the use and measurement of FWD was thoroughly analysed, and the measurement parameters were determined. Calibration device, standard foundation, and experimental environmental conditions of FWD was set up. The measurement uncertainty of the calibration equipment has been analysed. Through the test of the typical FWD, the performance of the calibration equipment is tested. Through the establishment of the traceability chain of ' Absolute normal low frequency vibration standard device-FWD calibration equipment-FWD', it can meet the calibration/verification requirements of FWD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal is the property of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to solve the problems of quality control and traceability of medical test lung for meeting the calibration conditions of JJF 1234-2018 Calibration Specification for Ventilators , the calibration device and method are researched for compliance and airway resistance of medical test lung in this paper. A calibration device for medical test lung is designed using constant volume active piston technology to simulate human breathing. Through comparison experiment, the deviation between this device and the similar foreign device can be found. The deviation is lower than 0.4% for lung compliance and lower than 0.7% for airway resistance. The calibration of lung compliance and airway resistance can be completed by this device. This device has a clear and complete traceability path to ensure quality control from the source. The calibration of ventilator is improved. This paper provides a reference for related metrology departments and medical institutions to study on quality inspection of respiratory medical instruments.

Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents selected results of theoretical and experimental research works on a new calibration device (calibrators) used to produce coatings of electric cables. The aim of this study is to present design solution calibration equipment and present a new calibration machine, which is an important element of the modernized technology extrusion lines for coating cables. As a result of the extrusion process of PVC modified with blowing agents, an extrudate in the form of an electrical cable was obtained. The conditions of the extrusion process were properly selected, which made it possible to obtain a product with solid external surface and cellular core.

Periodontal probing aims at detecting the presence, type and gravity of periodontal diseases influencing distance between gingival margin and connective ligament. Measurements in vivo are affected by substantial uncertainty, owing, for example, to probe features, anatomic variations and operator's skill. Inadequate reproducibility in periodontal probing may lead to diagnostic mistakes and inappropriate therapeutic decisions. In vitro evaluation of reproducibility of measurements of periodontal pockets was aimed at while developing a Periodontal Calibration Box designed to calibrate periodontal probe operators, catering also for simulating contraction observed in vivo. Probe type and clinical experience of operators were found to affect substantially probing errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study determining the efficacy of an auxiliary device for adjusting roller pumps using the dynamic calibration method and show preliminary results of its application in surgical procedures. The findings revealed that the auxiliary calibration device has shown calibration results statistically equal to those obtained with a reference device in the laboratory environment, and has less variability of hemolysis rates in the operating room.

For the multi-dimensional force sensor output coupling problem between dimensions, the static calibration and decoupling methods of multi-dimensional force sensor were proposed based on GM(0,N) model. Based on the self-developed two-dimensional force calibration device, we conducted the calibration experiments of axial force and radial force for the two-dimensional bone force sensor so as to obtain the calibration data. The two-dimensional bone force sensor is analyzed by the GM(0, 2) calibration and decoupling model and the traditional matrix method respectively, contrasting the precisions of two methods. The analysis results show that: the proposed calibration and decoupling method of multi-dimensional force sensor in this paper has higher precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to analyse BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) in air by solid phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME/GC/MS), and this article presents the features of the calibration method proposed. Examples of real-world air analysis are given. Standard gaseous mixtures of BTEX in air were generated by dynamic dilution. SPME sampling was carried out under non-equilibrium conditions using a Carboxen/PDMS fibre exposed for 30 min to standard gas mixtures or to ambient air. The behaviour of the analytical response was studied from 0 to 65 µg/m3 by adding increasing amounts of BTEX to the air matrix. Detection limits range from 0.05 to 0.1 µg/m3 for benzene, depending on the fibre. Inter-fibre relative standard deviations (reproducibility) are larger than 18%, although the repeatability for an individual fibre is better than 10%. Therefore, each fibre should be considered to be a particular sampling device, and characterised individually depending on the required accuracy. Sampling indoor and outdoor air by SPME appears to be a suitable short-delay diagnostic method for volatile organic compounds, taking advantage of short sampling time and simplicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-dimensional geometry of the human spine is noteworthy information that can be obtained by stereoradiographic methods. These methods are based on the identification of anatomical structures in several views which are obtained by rotation of a patient standing on a turntable. Calibration algorithms for computer vision or photogrammetry are well documented, but they generally yield calibration devices which are cumbersome for the use in clinical stereoradiography. This paper presents a calibration method adapted to a two-view stereoradiography calibration (frontal and lateral incidences) and based on a simplified geometric modeling of the radiological environment. The a priori knowledge yields four calibration equations related to the vertical and horizontal planes of both views, leading to a specific calibration procedure and device. Moreover this device is attached to the stereoradiographic system (directly integrated on the turntable) in order to facilitate clinical applications. A validation was performed on 26 dried lumbar vertebrae in order to evaluate clinical situation. The mean accuracy of the stereoradiographic reconstruction was 1.2 mm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Calibration devices in an automatic verification system are used to verify the accuracy of electricity smart meters. As time goes by, calibration devices may experience the metering performance degradation, making results of error tests biased. Therefore, it is of great significance to ensure calibration devices have qualified metering performance. Conventionally, their performance could only be manually inspected at regular intervals, while keep unknown during the operation. To address this issue, an on-line anomaly identifying method based on calibration devices' parallel working mode is proposed to check their metering performance in real time. Instead of off-line inspections, a device's metering performance is associated with the corresponding results of error tests, and comparisons among distributions based on results corresponding to different calibration devices would provide evidences to identify the ones having metering performance unqualified without interrupting the verification tasks. In addition, a case study is conducted to prove the validity. • This method identifies calibration devices with unqualified metering performance. • This method is driven by large-scale verification data and could be conducted in real time without interrupting the operation. • An adaptive determining strategy is adopted to ensure conclusions' reliability. • A case study is conducted to prove the validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leakage rate of the cabin balance valve for spacecraft must reach the specified index. Due to the limitation of temperature and pressure conditions in the lab, it is impossible to simulate the real working environment of the valve in orbit, as a result, it is impossible to accurately calibrate the true leakage rate of the valve. To solve this problem, a new type of leakage rate calibration device is designed and developed. The aim is to simulate as much as possible the actual working condition of the valve in orbit. The new device can be used to calibrate the leakage rate of the valve under high-and low-temperature environment and setting pressure. Compared with the old device, the calibration results of the forward and reverse leakage rate of the valve are increased significantly. Moreover, the new device has better repeatability and less uncertainty. Therefore, we believe that the calibration result of the valve leakage rate obtained by the new device is close to the value of the valve leakage rate when it is operated in space. • ●A special device for valve leakage rate calibration is developed. • The device can be repeated to simulate the actual valve operating conditions. • The influence of temperature and pressure on the leakage rate calibration result of the cabin balance valve is mastered. • Low measurement uncertainty and can quantify the true leakage rate of valve. • Develop reasonable leakage rate index for valve products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]