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Studies on the long-term effects of chronic periodontitis on pulp degeneration are still incomplete. Seventy-four extracted teeth suffered from severe periodontitis were selected to provide insights for the assessment of dental pulp status. Tissue slices were prepared using HE staining to observe pathological changes in the pulps. Typical pulp degeneration lesions were selected to observe the expression of HIF-1a by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blotting. Pulp degeneration was not observed in the normal control teeth. Twenty-two pulp degeneration was identified among the 74 teeth with severe periodontitis(30 %). Positive expression of HIF-1a was observed in odontoblasts, degenerated pulp cells, and proliferative fibroblasts. The normal dental pulp showed minimal positive expression. Western blotting analysis revealed a significant elevation in HIF-1a expression in teeth affected by severe periodontitis compared to the normal group. The dental pulp of teeth affected by periodontitis is more prone to pulp degeneration, with HIF-1a involved in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ntroduction and objective: although high levels of serum phosphate have been related to the risk of fracture and aortic calcification, it is not known if there is any association of urinary phosphate with the incidence of osteoporotic fracture and aortic calcification. Material and methods: 141 postmenopausal women > 50 years of age underwent dorso-lumbar radiology that was repeated 4 years later, determining general biochemical markers and bone and mineral metabolism in blood and fresh urine, clinical and anthropometric parameters were collected. The appearance of new vertebral and non-vertebral fractures and new aortic calcification was radiographically confirmed. Women with estrogen and antiresorptive treatment > 3 months were excluded. Results: 11 new non-vertebral fractures were detected (7 Colles, 2 hip and 2 in other locations) and 10 incident vertebral fractures confirmed radiographically. Body mass index, phosphaturia, creatinuria, phosphaturia/creatinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were significantly lower and age was higher in the fractured women. Increases of 10 mg/ dL in phosphaturia were associated with 29 % fewer incident fractures [OR, 0.71; 95 % CI = (0.46-0.98)], after logistic regression adjusted for age, body mass index, creatinuria and eGFR. This effect was more marked with non-vertebral incident fractures [OR, 0.50; 95 % CI = (0.10-0.91)], while in vertebral this association was lost [OR, 0.83; 95 % CI = (0.54-1.14)]. Furthermore, 17 % of the cohort had new aortic calcifications. At a multivariate level, increases of 10 mg/dL of phosphaturia were associated with a lower incidence of aortic calcification [OR, 0.80; 95 % CI = (0.64-0.97)]. Conclusions: low phosphate levels seem to be associated with a higher incidence of osteoporotic fracture and aortic calcification in women. Phosphaturia could be an indicator of hormonal and renal effects on phosphate regulation and used as a risk factor for aortic fracture and calcification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: vascular calcification (VC) is associated with increased mortality in the general population, as well as in patients with chronic kidney disease, in whom prevalence is much higher. The need for effective and early diagnosis of VC to improve preventive and prognostic strategies has driven research on biomarkers. The aim of this study is to examine the differential expression of proteins associated with the VC process using proteomics techniques. Materials and methods: vascular smooth muscle cells were cultured under non-calcifying and calcifying conditions. Differential protein expression was performed using 2D-DIGE and LC-ESI-MS/MS, and identification was conducted using with the MASCOT search engine. Results: after 6 days of culture, a total of 121 protein spots with differential expression were detected. A total 21 out of all these proteins were identified in 24 spots. In the cells cultured in the calcifying medium, a total of 4 showed a significantly increased expression; collagen type I exhibited the greatest change (3.49 times) vs those cultured in a non-calcifying medium. Other muscle and structural proteins showed a decrease in their expression. Furthermore, changes were reported in the expression of nucleobindin-1 and endoplasmin, which had not previously been associated with VC. Conclusion: the results confirmed the reduction in the expression of typical muscle and cytoskeletal proteins during VC. Additionally, changes in the expression of proteins that had not previously been associated with VC were identified, and these may be involved in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debido a las emisiones cada vez mayores de dióxido de carbono a la atmósfera, la absorción de este gas por el océano se realiza a gran velocidad, provocando un aumento en la acidez del agua de mar. Este proceso, conocido como acidificación oceánica, conlleva a que en muchos organismos calcificadores se reduzca la capacidad de formar sus estructuras de carbonato de calcio. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las tasas netas de acreción de carbonato de calcio (g CaCO3 cm-2 año-1) de taxones de sucesión temprana, en el complejo de ecosistemas marinos-costeros de la Ensenada Rancho Luna, Cienfuegos. Para la cuantificación de la tasas netas de acreción de carbonato de calcio se construyeron 12 dispositivos de muestreo basados en la metodología Vargas-Ángel et al. en el 2015, posicionándose seis de ellos en cada ecosistema estudiado (manglar y arrecife). Los valores medios de netas de acreción de carbonato de calcio fueron de 0.87 ± 0.19 g CaCO3 cm-2 año-1 en el arrecife y 0.59 ± 0.05 g CaCO3 cm-2 año-1 en el manglar. Se identificaron siete taxones, correspondientes a cuatro grupos funcionales de sucesión temprana, el césped (turf), el CaCO3 /sedimento, el grupo funcional Sin Calcio y las algas coralinas costrosas. Estas últimas fueron las principales aportadoras de CaCO3, encontrándose principalmente en el arrecife. Se determinó a la magnesita como forma cristalina de CaCO3 dominante, y las algas coralinas costrosas, el grupo de mayor vulnerabilidad ante el efecto de la acidificación oceánica. Recibido: 23.09.2022 Aceptado: 06.09.2023 Editor: Susana Perera Valderrama

Due to the increasing emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, the absorption of this gas by the ocean is carried out at great speed, causing an increase in the acidity of seawater. This process, known as ocean acidification, leads to a reduction in the ability of many calcifying organisms to form their calcium carbonate structures. The objective of this research was to determine the net rates of calcium carbonate accretion (g CaCO3 cm-2 yr-1) of early successional taxa, in the marine-coastal ecosystem complex of Ensenada Rancho Luna, Cienfuegos. To quantify the net calcium carbonate accretion rates, 12 sampling devices were built based on the Vargas-Ángel et al. in 2015, positioning six of them in each ecosystem studied (mangrove and reef). The mean values of net calcium carbonate accretion rates were 0.87 ± 0.19 g CaCO3 cm-2 yr-1 in the reef and 0.59 ± 0.05 g CaCO3 cm-2 yr-1 in the mangrove swamp. Seven taxa were identified, corresponding to four early successional functional groups, grass (turf), CaCO3/sediment, Calcium-free functional group, and crusted coralline algae. The latter were the main contributors of CaCO3, being found mainly in the reef. Magnesite was determined as the dominant crystalline form of CaCO3, and crusty coralline algae, the group with the greatest vulnerability to the effect of ocean acidification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: Estudios previos han asociado la gravedad de la calcificación de las lesiones coronarias evaluadas con angiografía coronaria invasiva (ACI) con un número limitado de medidas obtenidas con tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT). El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la correlación de una amplia y exhaustiva serie de medidas de OCT con la gravedad de la calcificación estimada por ACI. Métodos: Se estudiaron retrospectivamente 75 pacientes (75 lesiones) de un único centro a quienes se realizaron simultáneamente ACI y OCT. La OCT se llevó a cabo tras la administración de nitroglicerina intracoronaria antes del intervencionismo coronario. En la ACI, la calcificación coronaria se valoró utilizando un sistema de clasificación en tres grados. Con OCT se evaluaron el máximo ángulo, el área, el grosor máximo, la longitud y la profundidad del calcio. Resultados: La ACI detectó menos lesiones calcificadas que la OCT (n = 69; 92%) y todos los casos detectados por ACI fueron identificados con OCT (n = 30; 100%). La OCT no encontró calcio en ninguna de las lesiones sin calcio en la ACI (n = 6; 100%). La sensibilidad de la ACI fue del 43,5%, (IC95%, 0,32-0,56) y la especificidad del 100% (IC95%, 0,52-1,0). A medida que se incrementaron el ángulo, el grosor y el área del calcio por OCT también aumentó la gravedad del calcio determinada por ACI en la mayoría de los casos. Conclusiones: La ACI tiene una baja sensibilidad, pero una alta especificidad, para la detección de lesiones calcificadas en comparación con la OCT. Al incrementarse el ángulo, el grosor, el área y la longitud del calcio en la OCT aumenta el número de lesiones con calcificación grave en la ACI.

Objective: We study, in adults of both genders, the association between depression and the simultaneous presence of calcification in coronary arteries and aortic root from one side, and between depression and the presence ofcoronary calcification only, on the other side. Methods: This is a transversal study. Asymptomatic patients over 21 years old were studied. They had not coronary antecedents, and were selected from a group with an angiotomography indication ordered by their physicians. Depression scales were administered to these persons aiming to evaluate the possibility of an associated depressive disorder. Results: 60 adults, 30 men and 30 women, mean 51±5 years old. We found an association of higher strength between depression and calcification in two locations (coronary and aortic calcification) than in one location (coronary calcification only). People with coronary and aortic calcification scored higher in depression tests than people with coronary calcification only. Conclusions: The present study has limitations due to sample size and design used. However, the results suggest it could be worthwhile to study a larger sample with a prospective design, considering other intervening variables. Findings of the present work were confirmed the simultaneous presence of depression and atherosclerotic lesions. It strongly suggests two questions: whether treating depression could modify the process of evolution of lesions and vice versa, and whether a therapeutic intervention on both (atherosclerotic disease and depression) would be more successful than treating atherosclerotic disease only.

Introduction: Soft tissue calcifications are the accumulation of calcium salts in tissues other than bones. They are a set of radio-opacities easily identifiable on a radiographic image, generally the panoramic sort, this being one of the most commonly used techniques in dental practice. The presence of these calcifications in terms of their location, shape, size and number, will suggest the type of soft tissue calcified. Objective: Identify the types of soft tissue calcifications, their description on a dental diagnosis image and their probable association with an underlying systemic disease. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted of papers about soft tissue calcifications published in the databases PubMed and Google Scholar from January 2014 to May 2019. The search terms used included "calcification", "panoramic radiograph" and "soft tissues", among others. Data analysis and integration: The review is a detailed summary of several types of calcifications, their clinical implication and imaging features. Conclusions: Soft tissue calcifications are conditions identified as findings of dental image techniques which often go unnoticed. The revision stresses that it is the responsibility of oral and maxillofacial radiologists to identify and report these calcifications. However, general dental practitioners should also familiarize themselves with this sort of condition and likewise inform the patients.

Cuando la escisión de una lesión deja un defecto circular en la piel, existen numerosas técnicas de cierre que se pueden realizar para cerrar estos defectos sin necesidad de resecar tejido adicional excesivo o crear un flap más complejo o utilizar un injerto de piel para el defecto. El presente artículo presenta un caso clínico de una plastia en “S” realizada en el Hallux de un paciente, que es una variante de la escisión simple fusiforme o elíptica, y que permite un cierre primario más ventajoso de defectos circulares. Este tipo de plastia no es comúnmente reportada en la comunidad podológica y supone una buena alternativa para el cierre de estos defectos en superficies curvas, como suele ser el pie y tobillo.

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de deterioro valvular estructural (DVE) entre todos los modelos de bioprótesis aórtica Mitroflow (A12/LX/DL), así como definir los factores de riesgo implicados y el posible papel protector del tratamiento anticalcificación phospholipid reduction treatment (PRT) del modelo DL. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 1.023 pacientes consecutivos operados de recambio valvular aórtico con bioprótesis Mitroflow entre 2001 y 2014. Resultados: El seguimiento medio fue de 5,4 ± 3,1 años. La incidencia acumulada global de DVE fue 0,48% a un año, 2,1% a 5 años y 6,8% a 10 años. El grupo PRT mostró menor incidencia acumulada de DVE (0,2% vs. 1,2% a 4 años) (p = 0,04). El análisis de regresión de riesgos competitivos confirmó: edad < 70 años (HR = 2,98 [1,5-5,89], p = 0,002), tamaño valvular de 19 mm (HR = 4,7 [2,29-9,64], p 30 mmHg en postoperatorio precoz (HR = 10,3 [5,3-19,9], p

La alcaptonuria es una enfermedad rara autosómica recesiva del metabolismo de la tirosina que provoca el acúmulo de ácido homogentísico en determinados tejidos del cuerpo humano, como el tejido cartilaginoso, causando calcificación, degeneración y fibrosis. Las manifestaciones cardiovasculares son poco frecuentes, habiendo pocos casos descritos en la literatura en los que se produce afectación valvular cardíaca. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 76 años con historia de alcaptonuria que fue diagnosticada de doble lesión aórtica severa e insuficiencia mitral moderada, requiriendo intervención quirúrgica para recambio valvular aórtico y mitral. Revisamos la etiología, la patogénesis, las manifestaciones clínicas, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de esta patología.

Ocean acidification is impacting the calcification of corals, but the mechanisms of calcification are still unclear. To explore the relationship between calcification and pH, small pieces of coral were suspended from a torsion microbalance in gently stirred, temperature controlled, seawater in a closed chamber. Net calcification rate and pH were continuously monitored while light, temperature or pH could be manipulated. The coral pieces were from the edges of thin plates of Agaricia agaricites and were studied alive and freshly collected. Unexpectedly, when calcification was taking place (n=9, 0.082 mg.hr-1.cm-2), as determined by weight increase, the pH of the surrounding seawater medium changed little (n=10, -0.0047 pH units.hr-1.cm-2). When calcification was not taking place the decrease of seawater pH was an order of magnitude higher, -0.013 pH units.hr-1.cm-2. This is the opposite of what is expected when calcium carbonate (CaCO3) forms. Similarly, fresh skeleton initially showed no change of pH in the seawater medium although the rates of weight gain were high (upto 1.0 mg hr-1.cm-2). After 10 hours, as the rate of deposition decreased following a generalized Michaelis-Menten growth curve, the pH began to decrease dramatically indicating an increase of CO2 in the seawater. These unexpected results can be explained if unstable calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO³)2) is formed in the organic matrix/carbonic anhydrase surface and slowly transforms later to CaCO3. Pieces of living coral monitored in the chamber for 30 hours gained weight during the day and loss it at night. The loss would be consistent with the transformation of Ca(HCO³)2 to CaCO3 with the release of CO2. The mean calcification rate of live coral was greater (n=8, p=0.0027) in high light (120 μmol.s-1.m-2) at 0.098 mg.hr-1.cm-2, compared to 0.063 mg.hr-1.cm-2 in low light (12 μmol.s-1.m-2). However, at the same time the mean rate of pH change was -0.0076 under low light compared to -0.0030 under high light (n=8, p=0.0001). The difference can be explained by CO2 being used for photosynthesis by zooxanthellae. The deposition rate of live coral was not affected by the addition of phosphate but the rate of weight gain by the freshly collected skeleton was strongly enhanced by phosphate. These results indicate that care should be applied in the application of the alkalinity anomaly technique for the measurement of calcification in corals.

Effect of temperature and acidification in Strombus gigas (Mesogastropoda: Strombidae) larvae. The increase in CO2 emissions produces heating and reduced pH in the oceans, which may have negative effects on many marine organisms. This is particularly important for those with calcified structures such as the molluscs and their larval stages. We studied Strombus gigas larvae, a gastropod of commercial importance in the Caribbean Sea, in order to know the effect of water temperature and acidification on their development, growth, mortality and calcification during the larval period. A larval culture with triplicate samples was carried out employing four treatments of temperature and pH (Control = 28 °C - pH 8.1, T1 = 28 °C - pH 7.6, T2 = 31 °C - pH 8.1 and T3 = 31 °C - pH 7.6) in August 2015. We registered hatching (No. of eggs – No. of larvae hatched) and organs development, while shell growth and mortality ratio were evaluated over time. Shell calcification was studied in 30 days old larvae using EDX and RAMAN analysis. Our results showed that organs development and shell growth were higher at 31 °C treatments (initial size of 230 ± 4.12 to 313.27 ± 11.34 μm, and final size from 829.50 ± 11.33 to 1 054.50 ± 11.13 μm; from T1 to T2 respectively), and the same pattern was recorded for hatching time (18 hr) and mortality rate (~ 57 %). The Calcium proportion (% wt) was similar between treatments (34.37 ± 10.05 to 37.29 ± 16.81 % wt). Shell Raman analysis showed aragonite in all experimental treatments, with the highest values in the control (1 039.54 ± 780.26 a.u.). Calcite was detected only in 31 °C treatments (174.56 ± 127.19 a.u.), while less intensity of aragonite and calcite were registered at pH 7.6. In conclusion, S. gigas could be adapted to ocean future predictions, however, shell biomineralization processes can be affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se realizó un estudio experimental con la finalidad de evaluar el efecto del peróxido de hidrógeno al 25% sobre la microdureza superficial del esmalte dental. Se utilizaron 30 premolares extraídos con fines ortodónticos. Estos fueron seccionados y colocados en un molde circunferencial de 1cm de diámetro por 1cm de espesor rellenándolo con acrílico autopolimerizable de color rojo (15) y azul (15), almacenándolos en frascos estériles debidamente rotulados con solución fisiológica isotónica. Se realizó una medida inicial de la dureza del esmalte empleando el Microdurómetro BUEHLER MICROMET 2101, en el Laboratorio de Sputtering y Alto Vacío de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, aplicando una carga de 100gr durante 30 segundos. Se procedió a medir la indentación para hallar la medida de la microdureza en Kg/mm2. Al grupo 1 se le realizó el clareamiento con Peroxgel MCC y al grupo 2 con Zoom2, al día siguiente se volvió a medir la microdureza superficial del esmalte dental. Los datos obtenidos de la microdureza superficial del esmalte para el grupo sometido al agente clareador Peroxgel MCC y Zoom2 presentaron una disminución estadísticamente significativa (234.83 Kgf/mm2) y (196.11 Kgf/mm2) respectivamente, no encontrándose diferencia significativa (p= 0.136) al comparar esta disminución entre los agentes clareadores utilizados en este estudio. Se concluye que el uso de agentes clareadores a base de peróxido de hidrógeno al 25% disminuye significativamente la microdureza del esmalte dental.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la mayoría de los diagnósticos de la calcificación del ligamento estilohioideo corresponden a un hallazgo radiográfico. Esto permite obtener de manera exclusiva la información de esta patología. En este trabajo, utilizando el sistema Cone Beam se identifica la dirección del ligamento estilohioideo por medio del análisis de los ángulos formados por este con relación a la línea media. MÉTODOS: en este estudio se consideró una muestra de 82 exámenes imaginológicos tomados con sistema de tomografía de alta resolución Cone Beam Galileos de Sirona, Siemens, Alemania. Los exámenes imaginológicos corresponden a estudios rutinarios en pacientes de ortodoncia, implantología y diagnóstico general. Para realizar las mediciones se utilizó software Galaxis que tiene disponible una ventana de evaluación de los tres planos estrictos del espacio llamada radiología. RESULTADOS: la evaluación de la muestra permite establecer que a medida que se aleja el ligamento de la base de cráneo, en hombres se separa más de la línea media sagital del cráneo que en mujeres, y no existe gran diferencia en los ángulos medidos en los diferentes grupos según edad. CONCLUSIONES: el detalle y la exactitud de las mediciones realizadas con el sistema Cone Beam permite evidenciar la correcta dirección del ligamento estilohioideo.INTRODUCTION: most of the diagnosis of the stylohyoideus ligament calcification corresponds to radiographic findings. This research provides exclusive information on the aforementioned pathology. In this report, and —by using the Cone Beam System— the location of the stylohyoideus ligament is identified through the analysis of the angles formed by it in relation with the midline. METHODS: this study had a sample of 82 imagenology examinations taken with Sirona´s Galileos high resolution Cone Beam Tomography System, Siemens, Germany®. The examinations corresponded to routine studies in patients undergoing orthodontic or implantology treatments and/or for general diagnosis. To perform the measurements we used Galaxy software which has an evaluation window for the three strict space planes and is called Radiology. RESULTS: the evaluation of the sample permitted to establish that as the ligament moves away from the cranial base, it becomes more separated from the mid-sagittal line in men than in women and, there is no significant difference in the angles measured in the different groups according to age. CONCLUSIONS: the detail and the accuracy of the measurements carried out with the Cone Beam System permitted to demonstrate the correct direction of the stylohyoideus ligament.

Introduction: There is no doubt that we grow old because our cells do them, so does their irrigation. From childhood, a process called arteriosclerosis begins, characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial wall. Material and methods: We retrospectively assessed 210 lumbar spine radiographs of patients of both sexes, over 18 years old, who attended the spinal pathology service of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires between May and July 2015. Results: Of the 210 patients studied, 7 were excluded due to poor radiographic technique. Of the remaining patients, 135 were female and 68 were male. The ages ranged from 19 to 90 years, with a mean of 63.45 years. As for modifiable or controllable risk factors, 103 patients have hypertension, 23 diabetes, 26 cigarette smokers and 64 with dyslipidemia. Discussion: Vascular calcifications exponentially increase the risk of patients suffering from cardiovascular events (acute myocardial infarction, stroke, etc.), so it is necessary to be able to diagnose the compromise and severity of calcifications in our population. In this study it was possible to evaluate that age plays an important role in the degree of aortic calcification, being independent of the classic risk factors mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ResumenLa preparación durante el tratamiento endodóntico consiste en la correcta limpieza y conformación del sistema de conductos radiculares, y que conserve siempre su forma original. Al finalizar la preparación, se debe obtener un conducto con conicidad uniforme y con un tope apical, que permita un selle hermético al momento de la obturación. Se debe tener en cuenta la dificultad para lograr resultados satisfactorios sobre todo en conductos curvos y calcificados debido a la complejidad de éstos. Las técnicas implementadas y el instrumental adecuado para la preparación de conductos, han sido muchos con el fin de minimizar los errores durante la preparación. No obstante, ninguna técnica ni instrumental por sí solo resulta ideal en la prevención de estos errores; es necesario el cumplimiento de algunos principios básicos durante la preparación de estos conductos, tales como la correcta preparación coronal, el uso continuo de irrigantes y agentes quelantes, el mantenimiento de la permeabilidad, el limado anticurvatura y la doble conicidad. La incorrección de estos principios conlleva a errores, los cuales dificultan el éxito del tratamiento endodóntico. Los avances de la ciencia y el advenimiento de los instrumentos de níquel-titanio, han logrado facilitar el tratamiento de endodoncia, tanto que ya no es considerado como anteriormente se le atribuía que era un procedimiento difícil, lo importante predecir la orientación y anatomía del conducto antes de emplear técnicas o instrumentales, ya que un error en ellas nos llevará al fracaso del tratamiento. (DUAZARY 2011, 66 - 73)AbstractThe preparation for the endodontic treatment is proper cleaning and shaping the root canal system, and always keep its original shape. After the preparation, must be obtained through uniform and tapered with an apical stop, allowing a tight seal when the seal. It must take into account the difficulty of achieving satisfactory results especially in curved canals and calcified due to the complexity of these, the implemented techniques, and instrumentation suitable for the preparation of pipes have been many in order to minimize errors during preparation. But any technique or instrument itself ideal in preventing these errors, it is necessary to comply with some basic principles for the preparation of these channels, such as proper preparation coronal, the continued use of irrigants and chelating agents, maintenance of the permeability, filing anticurvatura and double taper. The incorrectness of these principles leads to errors which hinder the success of endodontic treatment. The progress of science and the advent of nickel-titanium instrument, it has been facilitating both root canal treatment is no longer considered previously attributed to him was a difficult procedure, the important thing to predict the orientation and anatomy through before using or instrumental techniques, since an error in them will lead to treatment failure.Keywords: development; calcification; root canal.

Paciente com sinais e sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca direita de etiologia desconhecida, transferida para tratamento em hospital de referência da zona leste de São Paulo, com diagnóstico de pericardite constritiva calcificada, tratada cirurgicamente. Essa patologia caracteriza-se por processo de calcificação irreversível do pericárdio, e o tratamento cirúrgico é a alternativa para o controle dos sintomas e a melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Esse caso chamou a atenção pela extensão da calcificação e por seu local de distribuição, atingindo o septo interventricular, fato que dificultou o diagnóstico pelo aspecto inusitado das imagens, deixando dúvida se haveria outra doença associada.

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the knee is a commonly injured ligament structure. Calcification of the MCL is very infrequent, benign, related to metabolic disorders and is a consequence of the deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite in the periarticular region. The clinical, histological and radiological picture of calcific tendonitis is defined and the etiology is multifactorial. Treatment is initially conservative and if it fails, interventionist; surgery being the last therapeutic step. There are very few reports in the literature, with only 10 cases/case series published. It is important to differentiate it from the Pellegrini-Stieda sign and/or syndrome, where the traumatic history is essential to diagnose it. The clinical case is that of a 64-year-old woman in whom we present the treatment of calcification of the MCL using radial electro shock wave therapy plus iontophoresis, we report the effectiveness of the treatment in the management of pain and calcification, and we carry out a brief review on the subject., (Copyright © 2021 Sociedad Española de Rehabilitación y Medicina Física. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

In the radiographic evaluation a special attention must be given to some radiopaque images projected over the soft tissues, these ones might correspond to areas of calcification. Calcifications are found in soft tissues can be related to systemic diseases, which detected in early stages can have a favorable prognosis and treatment. Detection of these calcifications is ideal through digital radiology, because it allows us a better evaluation of the area thanks to the different tools of image performance provided by thr software. This article aims to review about the different types of calcifications that can be seen using stomatological radiographic evaluations; addition to the important role of the dentist to detect such calcifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is characterized by the progressive heterotopic ossification of connective tissue. The case we report herein is a female, 10 year-old patient with the clinical and radiologic characteristics of FOP. Upon birth she had toe deformities; during childhood she had limitation of neck rotation, and at 4 years of age she had swelling of the right scapular region and a biopsy was taken. She then had induration and calcification of the surgical site. She currently has cervical spine stiffness and multiple bone masses on the scapulas, the left axillary fold, the vertebral region and the iliac crest. Molecular studies were done with sequencing of the ACVR1 gene. Mutation p.Arg206His, a mutation associated with FOP, was found; it is the most frequent mutation found in this condition. The little knowledge that physicians have about this condition lead to missed diagnoses or improper management. Estimates show that there is one case per 2 million live births. The purpose of this study is to publish one more case, confirmed clinically, radiologically, and with molecular tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: the aim was to evalúate the effectiveness of the low powered GaAlAs in the bone calcífication. Methodology: dependent variable bone calcification (acid phosphatase, calcium, collagen and osteoblasts) was selected and the Independent variable, the application of lowpowered Ga-Al-As láser. Twenty four rabbits New Zealand, which develop osteotomies in the vestibular cortical of left maxillar, after application láser radiation, during 7 days, sacrificing the specimens at the 1st, 3rd and 7th week, obtaining corresponding blood samples and sending surgical pieces to histopathology examination. Results: low powered GaAlAs laser, induce a calcification of the bone defects for the periapical lesions or endoperiodontal that provoke resorption and compromise permanence of tooth in the oral cavity of the functional way. Conclusion: low powered GaAlAs laser device is an altemative in endodontics for the induction bone calcification like the periapical lesions, can give more scientific forcefulness over the behavior of the bone neoformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CES Odontología is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rhodolith beds are the dominant submerged calcifying aquatic vegetation in some coastal marine environments worldwide but few quantitative data are available regarding their physiology. In the Gulf of California (Mexico), Lithophyllum margaritae (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae) is the most abundant nongeniculate, rhodolith-forming coralline species. Over their gulf-wide distribution, rhodoliths are exposed to a wide range of seasonal temperatures (~8-32°C). The effect of changes in temperature on the photosynthetic and calcification rates of this species is unknown. We therefore evaluated the effect of temperature (10-30°C) on the photosynthetic and calcification rates of L. margaritae rhodoliths in the lab and examined the effect of seasonal changes in temperature on growth rates in the field. Photosynthetic rates were evaluated polarographically and calcification rates were evaluated in the lab using both the buoyant weight technique and total alkalinity method, and in the field through alizarin staining. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these three methods are used simultaneously to evaluate growth rates in coralline algae. Photosynthetic, calcification and growth rates showed wide fluctuations as a result of laboratory or field temperature. Photosynthetic (Pmax) and respiratory rates both increased five-fold as incubation temperature increased to 25-30°C. Similarly, calcification rates in the lab and growth rates in the field increased with higher temperatures. The lab data suggest that rhodolith growth is seasonally regulated by seawater temperature. The buoyant weight and total alkalinity techniques for determining calcification rate were comparable at low temperatures, but variability increased with temperature and this will be examined in further studies. Field growth rates, presented as apical tip extension, were significantly higher in summer (5.02 ± 1.16 mm yr-1) than in winter (0.83 ± 0.16 mm yr-1), supporting the lab results. The strong effects of temperature on photosynthetic, calcification and growth rates of Lithophyllum margaritae in the Gulf of California suggest that changes in sea surface temperature directly regulate bed production [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Thoracic calcifications are frequently found in chest radiographs and CTs, occurring in a wide variety of disorders. Although most calcifications are harmless sequelae of previous disease, they provide important information to establish the diagnosis. This article reviews the different types of calcified lesions found in the chest, focusing on lesions outside the lung parenchyma. A location-based approach to the differential diagnosis is used, while providing the reader with diagnostic pearls and discussing the clinical importance of the different types of calcifications., Conclusion: Chest calcifications are a common finding in routine chest imaging. Understanding the different etiologies and radiologic manifestations provide the radiologist with the necessary tools to elaborate a differential diagnosis, as well as to correctly differentiate the findings that need further work-up from the ones that can be dismissed., (Copyright © 2022 SERAM. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)