Search

To improve the cutting speed and reduce burned layer caused by the accumulation of discharge products during high energy high-speed wire electrical discharge machining (HSWEDM), it is necessary to further study the discharge characteristics. Based on not changing the original high-frequency pulse power supply and servo feed system, an interpulse voltage power supply module is designed to improve the electrolysis effect. Comparative results show that under the same experimental conditions, the interpulse voltage can improve machining stability and cutting speed during high-energy rough cutting. The thickness of the recast layer can be reduced by 37.1%. The recast layer can be greatly reduced by the rough cutting and trimming process. The interpulse voltage has a major influence on the finishing process. The thickness of the recast layer can be further reduced from 16.65 µm to 6.23 µm by optimizing the order of interpulse voltage applied to the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fire and nitrogen (N) deposition each impact biodiversity and ecosystem productivity. However, the effect of N deposition on ecosystem recovery after fire is still far from understood, especially in coastal wetlands. Methods: We selected a typical coastal shrubland to simulate three N deposition levels (0, 10, and 20 g N m-2 year-1) under two different burned conditions (unburned and burned) in the Yellow River Delta of North China. Soil properties, soil microbial biodiversity, shrub growth parameters, herbaceous biodiversity, and aboveground productivity were determined after experimental treatments for 1 year. Results: We found that fire had a stronger influence on the ecosystem than N addition. One year after the fire, shrub growth had significantly decreased, while soil pH, soil electrical conductivity, herbaceous biodiversity, soil microbial biodiversity, and herbaceous aboveground productivity significantly increased. Conversely, a single year of N addition only slightly increased herbaceous aboveground productivity. The combined effect of fire and N addition was only significant for fungus biodiversity and otherwise had minimal influence. Interestingly, we found that herbaceous aboveground productivity was positively associated with fungal community diversity under unburned conditions but not in burned shrublands. Fire showed a great impact on soil parameters and biodiversity in the coastal wetland ecosystem even after a full year of recovery. Discussion: Fire may also diminish the influence of several belowground factors on herbaceous aboveground productivity, which ultimately reduces recovery and stability. Appropriate N addition may be an effective way to improve the ecosystem productivity in a wetland dominated by shrub species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study described the spatial and temporal profile of fires in an area proposed for creating a Conservation Unit (UC) in the Microregion of Serra de Carrancas, Minas Gerais. Images from the LandSat 5 and 8 satellites, TM and OLI sensors, were used between the years 2002 and 2015. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the NDVI difference were calculated to detect burned areas. In addition, we used a density point approach to characterize the spatial distribution of the fi res. The land cover classes analyzed were a) agriculture and pasture; b) native forests; c) planted forests; and d) cerrado. To analyze the fire-fighting efficiency, the polygons were grouped into the following size classes: I (<0.1); II (0.1 - 4); III (4.1 - 40); IV (40.1 - 200); V (> 200) hectares. We used the variables accumulated precipitation, the average temperature, and relative humidity to analyze the fire occurrences in the temporal aspect. We detected 2,747 polygons of burned areas, totaling 18,320.14 hectares. From this total, 758 polygons occurred within the UC with an area of 6,696.74 ha. The months with the highest records were August, September, and October. The years 2003, 2009, 2011 and 2014 had the highest occurrences and burned areas in the analyzed period. The grouping in size classes showed a higher frequency of burned areas in classes II and III. Therefore, the implementation of this UC should accompany a policy for preventing and fighting forest fires to preserve the ecological integrity of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burning pain is one of the most frequent and difficult to treat complications due to various mechanisms that trigger it, several management strategies have been used, with beneficial results, an alternative non-pharmacological treatment of pain is the application of virtual reality, which allows a new form of distraction, giving the patient the illusion of immersion in a three-dimensional environment generated by a computer, which simulates the illusion as if the patient were physically in the place that at that moment is observing; this is a non-invasive strategy, at the head of the patient, which allows the patient to be more relaxed in painful situations such as healing, physical rehabilitation, position changes, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Physician burnout and its consequences have been recognized as increasingly prevalent and important issues for both organizations and individuals involved in healthcare delivery. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the patterns of self-reported wellness in orthopaedic surgeons and trainees from multiple nations with varying health systems. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 774 orthopaedic surgeons and trainees in five countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, UK, and USA) was conducted in 2019. Respondents were asked to complete the Mayo Clinic Well-Being Index and the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index in addition to 31 personal/demographic questions and 27 employment-related questions via an anonymous online survey. Results: A total of 684 participants from five countries (Australia (n = 74), Canada (n = 90), New Zealand (n = 69), UK (n = 105), and USA (n = 346)) completed both of the risk assessment questionnaires (Mayo and Stanford). Of these, 42.8% (n = 293) were trainees and 57.2% (n = 391) were attending surgeons. On the Mayo Clinic Well-Being Index, 58.6% of the overall sample reported feeling burned out (n = 401). Significant differences were found between nations with regards to the proportion categorized as being at risk for poor outcomes (27.5% for New Zealand (19/69) vs 54.4% for Canada (49/90) ; p = 0.001). On the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index, 38.9% of the respondents were classified as being burned out (266/684). Prevalence of burnout ranged from 27% for Australia (20/74 up to 47.8% for Canadian respondents (43/90; p = 0.010). Younger age groups (20 to 29: RR 2.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39 to 4.58; p = 0.002); 30 to 39: RR 2.40 (95% CI 1.36 to 4.24; p = 0.003); 40 to 49: RR 2.30 (95% CI 1.35 to 3.9; p = 0.002)) and trainee status (RR 1.53 (95% CI 1.15 to 2.03 p = 0.004)) were independently associated with increased relative risk of having a ‘at-risk’ or ‘burnout’ score. Conclusions: The rate of self-reported burnout and risk for poor outcomes among orthopaedic surgeons and trainees varies between countries but remains unacceptably high throughout. Both individual and health system characteristics contribute to physician wellness and should be considered in the development of strategies to improve surgeon wellbeing. Level of Evidence: III Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(11):932–939.

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered as the most severe cause of infections in burn patients and pneumonia infections. Objective: To study the protective effects of recombinant protein vaccine harboring the PcrV of P. aeruginosa in the mouse model of burn and respiratory infections. Methods: Recombinant protein vaccine harboring the PcrV was expressed in the E. coli BL-21 strain. Mice were immunized with the purified recombinant protein, and the antibody titer was measured in the sera obtained from the immunized mice. Immunized and control mice werechallenged by active and passive immunization. The microbial counts in the lung, skin, liver, spleen, and kidney were compared with the control mice. Results: Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the PcrV protein was conserved in 1552 clinical and environmental isolates. Also, the isoelectric point (pI), molecular weight, and Grand Average of Hydropathy (GRAVY) score were analyzed. Mice were injected with recombinant protein, and serum from immunized mice reacted strongly with recombinant antigen at a dilution of 1:64000. The survival rate of mice infected with 5xLD50 of the P. aeruginosa increased significantly up to 75% in the standard strains (PAO1 and PAK), and the number of bacteria, especially in the internal organs (kidney, spleen, and liver) significantly reduced compared to the mice immunized with placebo. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the PcrV protein could be an effective candidate vaccine for the generation of antibody response against P. aeruginosa infection.

Mohammad Hadi Fakoor,1 Seyed Latif Mousavi Gargari,2 Parviz Owlia,3 Azar Sabokbar1 1Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran; 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran; 3Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Seyed Latif Mousavi Gargari Tel +989123118510Email slmousavi@shahed.ac.irBackground: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is the major cause of death in burn patients. Thus, in this study, a chimeric vaccine harboring the OprF185– 350–OprI22– 83–PcrV was designed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The immunogenicity of the recombinant chimer, OprI, OprF, and PcrV was studied in a burned mouse model.Methodology: Recombinant proteins including the proposed chimer, OprF, OprI, and PcrV were expressed in the E.coli. Mice were immunized with the purified recombinant proteins, and the antibody titre was estimated in the sera obtained from immunized mice. Immunized and control mice were challenged with 2, 5, and 10xLD50 of the P. aeruginosa strains (PAO1, PAK, and R5), and microbial counts were measured in the skin, liver, spleen, and kidney of the studied mice.Results: Results showed that the antibody titre (total IgG) was significantly increased by injection of 10 μg of chimeric protein in the experimental groups compared to the control groups. The antibody survival titre was high until 235 days after administration of the second booster. The survival rate of the mice infected with 10xLD50 was significantly increased and the number of bacteria was reduced, especially in the internal organs (kidney, spleen, and liver) compared to the mice immunized with any of the OprF, OprI, and PcrV proteins alone.Conclusion: The findings of our study revealed that the chimeric protein is a promising vaccine candidate for control of the P. aeruginosa infection.Keywords: burned, chimeric protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, vaccine

Descriptive analytical study with a quantitative approach, with the objective of analyzing the practice of the culture of burning in agricultural activities and its implications in the State of Tocantins. For that purpose, the search for burn data in the state of Tocantins was carried out through the Burn Database on the website of the National Institute for Space Research, afterwards the data were tabulated, expressed through graphics with the aid of the Excel® software and finally , discussed. The data reinforce that the use of fire by human beings in agricultural activities is a practice that resists generations and generates negative impacts. Fires are a predominantly growing problem in Tocantins. . The months of August, September and October comprise the period with the highest occurrence of fires. Therefore, we can affirm that burning is a persistent and growing practice in the culture of agriculture in Brazil. With a view to increasing fires, associated with its potential to generate harmful effects in the most diverse aspects to man, it is important to work intensively to adopt less harmful techniques. Although there are apparently not so successful interventions, justified by the increasing number of outbreaks of burning, perhaps it would be necessary to intervene in a formal education that contributes to changes in the habits of the population in order to change the panorama of fires in the country.

Cationic porphyrin conjugate, protoporphyrin IX-methyl ethylenediamine derivative (PPIX-MED) has a potent photosensitive antibacterial effect on clinically isolated bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study investigated (i) the PPIX-MED-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic effect on these three species in vitro and (ii) the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) combined with the use of an antibiotic on the healing in vivo of third-degree burns of rats with the wounds infected by these bacterial species. PPIX-MED exerted a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of the three bacterial species by producing reactive oxygen species when photoactivated. PPIX-MED-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PPIX-MED-aPDT) had high bacterial photoinactivation ability in vitro, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 15.6 μM PPIX-MED against each of the three types of bacteria and minimum bactericidal concentrations of 31.25 μM against MRSA and E. coli and 62.5 μM against P. aeruginosa. In rats with third-degree burns infected by a mixture of these bacteria, the bactericidal efficiency of PPIX-MED–aPDT-combined-with-antibiotic treatment was higher than that of antibiotic or aPDT treatment alone. This was confirmed by analysis of viable bacterial counts in wound tissue and blood. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that aPDT-combined-with-antibiotic treatment resulted in an obvious reduction in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels compared with the no-treatment control group and the other treatment groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and CD31 (a marker of neovascularization), expressed in burn wound tissue was higher in the aPDT-combined-with-antibiotic treatment group than in the other groups. PPIX-MED–aPDT has a promising bactericidal effect both in vitro and in vivo, and PPIX-MED–aPDT-combined-with-antibiotic treatment enhanced the healing of infected third-degree burns in rats.

Cationic porphyrin conjugate, protoporphyrin IX-methyl ethylenediamine derivative (PPIX-MED) has a potent photosensitive antibacterial effect on clinically isolated bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , (MRSA), Escherichia coli , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study investigated (i) the PPIX-MED-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic effect on these three species in vitro and (ii) the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) combined with the use of an antibiotic on the healing in vivo of third-degree burns of rats with the wounds infected by these bacterial species. PPIX-MED exerted a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of the three bacterial species by producing reactive oxygen species when photoactivated. PPIX-MED-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PPIX-MED-aPDT) had high bacterial photoinactivation ability in vitro , with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 15.6 μM PPIX-MED against each of the three types of bacteria and minimum bactericidal concentrations of 31.25 μM against MRSA and E. coli and 62.5 μM against P. aeruginosa. In rats with third-degree burns infected by a mixture of these bacteria, the bactericidal efficiency of PPIX-MED–aPDT-combined-with-antibiotic treatment was higher than that of antibiotic or aPDT treatment alone. This was confirmed by analysis of viable bacterial counts in wound tissue and blood. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that aPDT-combined-with-antibiotic treatment resulted in an obvious reduction in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels compared with the no-treatment control group and the other treatment groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and CD31 (a marker of neovascularization), expressed in burn wound tissue was higher in the aPDT-combined-with-antibiotic treatment group than in the other groups. PPIX-MED–aPDT has a promising bactericidal effect both in vitro and in vivo , and PPIX-MED–aPDT-combined-with-antibiotic treatment enhanced the healing of infected third-degree burns in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Major burn injury is one of the main severe forms of wound which lead to a mass of clinical debilitation, this study was to identify core biomarkers for the recovery of severe burned injury. Methods: Gene expression profiles (GSE19743) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was downloaded, followed by background correction, normalization of raw microarray dataset and identification of differential expression genes (DEGs) . Soft clustering of DEGs was used for the screening of gene clusters that with sustained increasing (SIG) and decreasing expression (SDG) profiles along with the recovery process of burned injury. The significantly enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of SIGs and SDGs were obtained through the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), based on which the miRNA-gene regulation network for SIGs and SDGs were constructed from the miRWalk database. Results: Ten clusters were obtained through soft clustering. The SIGs and SDGs were found to be closely associated with the biological processes of immune system. The miRNA-gene regulation network analysis suggested different roles between SIGs and SDGs in the recovery of severe burned injury. Furthermore, a bunch of important biomarkers were identified, which would be helpful in the treatment of burned patients. Conclusion: Our current findings suggest an interesting molecular link between transcriptional regulation potentially involved in immunosuppressive state after major burn injury, which warrants further exploration for their utilization in the treatment of major burn injury.

Introduction: We aimed at evaluating the performance of a new prothrombin time (PT) reagent (STA‐NeoPTimal) with two other PT reagents (STA‐Neoplastine R and STA‐Neoplastine CI Plus) and the reference PT reagent used in our laboratory (ReadiPlasTin). Methods: Evaluation consisted in intra‐ and interassay precision assessment, determination of sensitivity to unfractionated heparin (UFH) or enoxaparin in spiked samples and to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients (n = 43). Method comparison of the 4 PT reagents, factor II, V, VII and X assays was tested on normal (n = 20) and abnormal samples: VKA (n = 47), preoperative (n = 23), liver failure (n = 12) and burned patients (n = 37). Results: Analytical performance met manufacturers' criteria for all reagents. All PT reagents gave correlation coefficients >0.8 and even >0.9 in many situations. In some VKA samples, differences ≥ 0.5 INR units were found in samples within and above therapeutic ranges. For burned patients, PT correlations were good but with some minimal bias (<5.0%) while factor assays gave very consistent results (R >.8 and mainly >0.9). As expected, poor responsiveness of the PT to DOAC concentrations was observed with all four assays. Conclusion: The STA‐NeoPTimal showed comparable performance to ReadiPlasTin, making it suitable for VKA control, detection of factors II, V, VII, X deficiency and assessment of liver disease coagulopathy. However, for patients receiving VKA, some significant differences were observed. We confirmed the inability of the PT assay to detect residual DOAC concentrations. Finally, burned patients results showed that recombinant thromboplastins were less sensitive to factor deficiencies in comparison to extraction thromboplastins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As burning is an agricultural practice widely used in Brazil and causing environmental damage, such as soil impoverishment and loss of vegetation and biodiversity. Find out what the causes are and where the fires occur with greater intensity and extreme importance for the creation of fire prevention and firefighting plans. Therefore, the present study aims to quantify the number of fires in the municipality of São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, in Maranhão, during the period from January/2017 to January/2018 - 1 year. A methodology based on the collection of data on fires foci applied by INPE (National Institute for Space Research) and the use of geoprocessing tools and GIS (Geographic Information System). With a survey that shows that more than 250 fires were recorded in the studied period, the display or state of Maranhão in the first places of the ranking of fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chréa National Park, one of the 11 national parks in Algeria, is natural and diverse but under different pressures: urbanisation, fires caused by the high flux of visitors. Several ecological and systematic studies have been conducted on the Araneae, the most important epigeal fauna, but no attention was given to the anthropogenic parcels of the Park. To assess the effects of urbanisation and fires on the ecology of this fauna, spiders were collected monthly for 2 years, using 'Pitfall' traps in three disturbed stations: burned, urbanised and reforested and three natural sites as control. In total, 1,476 specimens were sampled (19 families, 42 genera and 68 species). Zodarion algericum was the dominant species (13.25%), particularly in the burned station. Mann–Whitney U test showed a significant difference between urbanised and nonurbanised sites in contrast to other ones and no significant differences with the control. Our results show that fires transform the forest into a mosaic of habitats, with open gaps of different stages of succession. In addition, the reforestation of cedars without any agricultural practices has no negative effects on the Park. No loss of biodiversity was observed; this would encourage the restoration of the forest to protect its fauna and flora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare perceived stigmatization, symptoms of depression and self-esteem of adults from Brazilian general population with Brazilian burns survivors and to verify the possible correlations between these populations.Method: The general population and burn survivors administered the adapted Brazilian versions of the Perceived Stigmatization Questionnaire (BR-PSQ-R), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The Student's t-test for independent samples was employed to identify significant differences between the means of the results from the BR-PSQ-R, BDI and RSES instruments, and the Pearson correlation was used to detect correlations between constructs. The significance level was set at 0.05.Results: Participants of this study included: 102 individuals from the general population and 240 burn survivors. The difference between the BR-PSQ-R mean scores of the two groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.077). The mean scores for the BDI (p = 0.001) and RSES (p = 0.001) where found to be lower in the general population, when compared to burn survivors. Moderate correlations were identified between the perceived stigmatization and depression (r = 0.43; p < 0.001) and perceived stigmatization and self-esteem (r = -0.35; p < 0.001).Conclusions: Participants from the general population and burn survivors exhibit similar levels of perception of stigmatization; the general population presented fewer symptoms of depression and a higher self-esteem when compared to burn survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rural settlements are created to serve the population that needs to settle in a certain area, aiming to find an alternative for their subsistence and survival. The occupation of areas may interfere with the coverage of the soil initially established. The objective of this work was to perform the spatial-temporal analysis of land use and occupation, by means of a supervised classification, considering the period from 1999 to 2016, in Fazenda do Salto Settlement. ArcGIS 10.2.2 and Landsat7 (ETM + sensor) and Landsat8 (OLI sensor) images were used to elaborate the land cover map anduse, with a spatial resolution of 30 meters. Five classes of land cover and use were defined: Forest, Pasture, Degraded Pasture, Burned Pasture and Water. The supervised classification of the images was done through the Maximum Likelihood classifier. The Degraded Pasture class presented an increase in the history of land use and cover, related to the type of inadequate and incipient management adopted in the settlement area. The maintenance of land cover and use for the Pasture class is due to the main activity in the area of the settlement that is the cattle raising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos A cirurgia no grande queimado causa hemorragia de grande porte e disfunção da coagulação. Os algoritmos de tratamento guiados por ROTEM ® e fator VIIa reduzem as necessidades de hemoderivados, mas falta evidência em relação ao fator XIII. A deficiência do fator XIII altera a estabilidade do coágulo e diminui a cicatrização. Este estudo avalia a eficácia e a segurança da correção do fator XIII e sua repercussão nas necessidades transfusionais na cirurgia do queimado. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo randomizado de 40 doentes submetidos à cirurgia na Unidade de Queimados alocados em grupo A com estudo do fator XIII (n = 20) e grupo B sem estudo (n = 20). A transfusão eritrocitária foi guiada por gatilho de hemoglobina de 10 g.dL ‐1 e os outros hemoderivados por testes de coagulação de rotina e ROTEM ® . A análise do consumo de hemoderivados incluiu unidades de eritrócitos, plasma fresco congelado, plaquetas e fibrinogênio. A análise dos biomarcadores da coagulação comparou os valores pré e pós‐operatórios. Resultados e conclusões O grupo A (com estudo de fator XIII) e o grupo B apresentaram área de superfície corporal total queimada idêntica. Todos os doentes do grupo A revelaram déficit pré‐operatório de fator XIII, cuja correção reduziu significativamente a transfusão de unidades de concentrado eritrocitário (1,95 vs . 4,05, p = 0,001). Os biomarcadores de coagulação pré e pós‐operatórios foram semelhantes entre os grupos, revelaram que os testes de coagulação de rotina não identificam o déficit de fator XIII. Sem eventos tromboembólicos registrados. A correção do fator XIII na cirurgia do queimado revelou‐se segura e eficaz na redução da transfusão perioperatória de unidades de eritrócitos. Background and objectives Major burn surgery causes large hemorrhage and coagulation dysfunction. Treatment algorithms guided by ROTEM ® and factor VIIa reduce the need for blood products, but there is no evidence regarding factor XIII. Factor XIII deficiency changes clot stability and decreases wound healing. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of factor XIII correction and its repercussion on transfusion requirements in burn surgery. Methods Randomized retrospective study with 40 patients undergoing surgery at the Burn Unit, allocated into Group A those with factor XIII assessment (n = 20), and Group B, those without assessment (n = 20). Erythrocyte transfusion was guided by a hemoglobin trigger of 10 g.dL ‐1 and the other blood products by routine coagulation and ROTEM ® tests. Analysis of blood product consumption included units of erythrocytes, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and fibrinogen. The coagulation biomarker analysis compared the pre‐ and post‐operative values. Results and conclusions Group A (with factor XIII study) and Group B had identical total body surface area burned. All patients in Group A had a preoperative factor XIII deficiency, whose correction significantly reduced units of erythrocyte concentrate transfusion (1.95 vs. 4.05, p = 0.001). Pre‐ and post‐operative coagulation biomarkers were similar between groups, revealing that routine coagulation tests did not identify factor XIII deficiency. There were no recorded thromboembolic events. Correction of factor XIII deficiency in burn surgery proved to be safe and effective for reducing perioperative transfusion of erythrocyte units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millimeter-wave imaging is a promising technology for diagnosing skin burns, that may make it easier to assess and determine the burn depth in the near future. However, up to now, it has not yet been brought to clinical use due to the lack of clinical trails on patients and a millimeter-wave-aided classification of skin burns. In this paper, in a preliminary step, ex-vivo burned porcine skin is utilized to visualize and quantify skin that has been burned in different ways, and to access its effect on millimeter-wave images. For the first time, a 24 hour study of in-vivo human skin visualizes the effect of wound dressings using a fast imaging system operating at frequencies from 70 to 80 GHz. For validation, the effective relative permittivity of the skin and the dressings are measured using a open-ended coaxial probe. An analytical model is applied to calculate the reflection coefficient which are compared to the intensity of the millimeter-wave images to validate the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows the relationship between the fire foci and the MCD12Q1 product (MODIS) for the land use and occupation in the state of Rio de Janeiro (SRJ) and evaluates the growth and decay of trends fire foci through nonparametric tests, applied to the number of fire foci in the 2000-2012 period. The study period was divided into (1) 2001 to 2013 for assessment of the product MCD12Q1 back for the land use and occupation and application of nonparametric tests and (2) 2000 to 2012 for the descriptive statistics (total and percentage-%) of fire foci geared for regional assessment. To evaluate growth trends and decay of fire foci, the nonparametric tests (Mann-Kendall and Pettitt) were utilized. Based on data obtained by Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), the land use and occupation in the SRJ has been modified from the last two census years (1995 and 2006). The Mann-Kendall test was significant for the year 2001, with trends of 0 · 19 and 0 · 08 (Mann-Kendall). Fire foci for the years 2001 and 2013 grew with an increase of 0 · 05 and 0 · 01 per year, respectively. The Pettitt statistic test applied for the year 2001 showed that almost 70% of the studied municipalities were above the critical threshold, which has not occurred for the year 2013. The North Fluminense Region with 596 fire foci (30 · 35%) was the one with the largest number of fire foci, and the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes was the largest contributor, with 344 fire foci (57 · 72%). The Pasturage class (MCD12Q1 product) had the biggest number of fire foci, with 354 foci (56 · 64%) in 2001 and 564 foci (42 · 28%) in 2013 and the largest amount in the north of the SRJ. The study indicated that there was a significant increase in average fire foci. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • We use Artificial Intelligence to determine wildfire risk; • We delimited priority areas for fire management; • Spatial and field data were used to characterize forest fire patterns; • The validation showed effectiveness>80% of the proposed model; • The proposed methodology is feasible, applicable and adjustable to any other area. A lack of proper planning in terms of fire prevention in protected areas can have several ecological and socioeconomic implications. This study aimed to investigate the necessity and feasibility of implementing fire management efforts in fire-prone Brazilian conservation unit on Bananal Island. Specifically, this study entailed a comprehensive study of pattens underlying the occurrence of forest fires (FFs) on Bananal Island using geotechnical tools, meteorological variables, and occurrence records. Fuzzy logic was applied to develop a forest fire risk zoning based on the following variables: land use and occupation, altitude, slope, relief orientation, air and land surface temperatures, precipitation, and proximity to heat zones. To analyze the patterns of FFs, fire occurrence records and meteorological variables between 2010 and 2020 were used. The validation of the model was conducted based on fire risk classes and burned areas between 2010 and 2019. The results showed that 3.61%, 16.41%, 33.65%, 30.17%, and 16.17% of the area was at very low risk, low risk, moderate risk, high risk, and very high risk, respectively, with respect to fire occurrence. Of the fire occurrences, 92% occurred in clear fields (native pastures); furthermore, 75.9% of these fires were arsons. The results of this study will allow managers of Ilha do Bananal to develop fire management plans that involve the well-directed use of resources, specifically the appropriate channeling of resources to the neediest areas. This means acting directly in areas with the highest risks and in surrounding sensitive regions, such as gallery forests. Additionally, our results justify the investment in education campaigns, as most fires result from vandalism. Finally, we conclude that the approach outlined in this study will not only improve fire prevention efforts on Bananal Island but can also be applied in other areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fire and nitrogen (N) deposition each impact biodiversity and ecosystem productivity. However, the effect of N deposition on ecosystem recovery after fire is still far from understood, especially in coastal wetlands., Methods: We selected a typical coastal shrubland to simulate three N deposition levels (0, 10, and 20 g N m -2 year -1 ) under two different burned conditions (unburned and burned) in the Yellow River Delta of North China. Soil properties, soil microbial biodiversity, shrub growth parameters, herbaceous biodiversity, and aboveground productivity were determined after experimental treatments for 1 year., Results: We found that fire had a stronger influence on the ecosystem than N addition. One year after the fire, shrub growth had significantly decreased, while soil pH, soil electrical conductivity, herbaceous biodiversity, soil microbial biodiversity, and herbaceous aboveground productivity significantly increased. Conversely, a single year of N addition only slightly increased herbaceous aboveground productivity. The combined effect of fire and N addition was only significant for fungus biodiversity and otherwise had minimal influence. Interestingly, we found that herbaceous aboveground productivity was positively associated with fungal community diversity under unburned conditions but not in burned shrublands. Fire showed a great impact on soil parameters and biodiversity in the coastal wetland ecosystem even after a full year of recovery., Discussion: Fire may also diminish the influence of several belowground factors on herbaceous aboveground productivity, which ultimately reduces recovery and stability. Appropriate N addition may be an effective way to improve the ecosystem productivity in a wetland dominated by shrub species., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Qi, Song, Zhang, Sun, Wang, Yi, Li, Liu, Bi, Du and Guo.)

Eel (Monopterus albus Zuieuw) is a much prefered food because the taste is good, and the potential spread evenly, high nutrient content and medicinal. Product of eel rendang can be an alternative to increase consumer acceptance and provide meaningful choices for food lovers of the eel. Research conducted with a variety of pre-treatment of raw materials in the form of fresh eel, baked and fried eel before the cooking of rendang, and then analyzed the nutritional content that includes water content, proteins, fats, organoleptic and resistance storage consisted of moisture content, peroxide number and organoleptic visually. Research results showed that the best treatment was the use of baked eel first before cooking process as the preferred flavor, texture, and aroma with the score were 4,7 ; 4,8 and 4,3 respectively. The chemical testing showed low content of fat and water that was 9.93% and 24.42% respectively and high protein content that was 32,02%. The product still resistant until 3 months of storage with water content 16,2% and peroxide number 9,2 as well as flavor, aroma and texture were still good.ABSTRAKBelut (Monopterus albus Zuieuw) merupakan bahan pangan hewani yang banyak digemari karena rasanya cukup enak, potensi dan penyebaran merata, kandungan gizi tinggi dan juga berkhasiat obat. Pengolahan belut menjadi rendang belut dapat menjadi alternatif dalam meningkatkan penerimaan konsumen dan memberikan pilihan berarti bagi penikmat makanan dari belut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan berbagai perlakuan pendahuluan terhadap bahan baku belut berupa belut segar, belut yang dibakar dan belut yang digoreng sebelum dilakukan proses perendangan, kemudian dianalisis kandungan nutrisinya yang meliputi kadar air, protein, lemak dan organoleptik serta ketahanan simpannya meliputi kadar air, bilangan peroksida dan organoleptik secara visual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik adalah penggunaan belut yang dibakar terlebih dahulu sebelum dilakukan proses perendangan dimana dari hasil uji organoleptik lebih disukai panelis dengan nilai skala hedonik 4,7; 4,8 dan 4,3 berturut-turut untuk rasa, tekstur, dan aroma. Dari hasil uji kimia didapatkan kadar air dan lemak yang rendah yaitu 9,93% dan 24,42%, kadar protein yang lebih tinggi yaitu 32,02%. Produk masih tahan sampai 3 bulan penyimpanan dengan kadar air setelah 3 bulan 16,2% dan bilangan peroksida 9,2 serta rasa, aroma dan tekstur masih baik.

Objective: This study aims to describe the characteristics of burned patients using opioid and to identify the predisposing factors for respiratory depression. Method: For this study, a retrospective cross-sectional method was used, analyzing 272 medical records of burned patients hospitalized from 2011 to 2013 in a Burn Treatment Center. Complete records of patients over 18 years old were selected with completed registration of discharge or death that had remained in the hospital for a minimum of 48 hours and were under use of opioids by different administration routes and monitored with pulse oximetry and without using ventilatory prosthesis. All episodes of respiratory depression were identified by at least two indicators from the administering Naloxone. Results: Based on this study, 28.58% of burned patients treated in a burn care unit with respiratory depression were found. In the group with respiratory depression, young male patients were predominant with high mortality, and the most patients had 2nd and 3rd degree burns, confirming the most epidemiological studies concerning the characteristics of burned patients. The predominant factors for respiratory depression identified in the population of burned patients using opioids were acute renal failure, alcoholism, and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: Nurses should monitor all patients using opioids in relation to the ventilatory parameters and consciousness level to prevent and identify early excessive sedation and respiratory depression, particularly in patients with two or more predisposing factors for respiratory depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen Antecedentes La infección fúngica invasiva es una causa importante de morbimortalidad en los pacientes con quemaduras graves. Los avances en el tratamiento del paciente quemado crítico han llevado a una supervivencia mayor, pero, a su vez, a un aumento de las complicaciones sépticas, en especial de las infecciones fúngicas, con un incremento de las infecciones por diferentes especies de Candida . Sin embargo, algunos hongos oportunistas, como Trichosporon asahii , están emergiendo como causa importante de infección nosocomial. Caso clínico Presentamos un caso de infección nosocomial por T. asahii en un paciente quemado crítico tratado de forma exitosa con voriconazol. El tratamiento de las infecciones fúngicas invasivas en el paciente quemado, desde su diagnóstico hasta la elección de la mejor opción terapéutica, continúa siendo un desafío. El diagnóstico y el tratamiento tempranos de estas se asocia a un mejor pronóstico. En la discusión del caso hacemos referencia a la experiencia publicada y a las pautas de tratamiento actual. Conclusiones Debido a la dificultad para el diagnóstico de las micosis invasivas y su asociación con una alta mortalidad, en aquellos pacientes susceptibles de padecer una trichosporonosis se debe mantener un alto grado de sospecha y vigilancia clínica para el diagnóstico de esta infección, incluidos los pacientes quemados. Su presencia en las muestras clínicas de este tipo de pacientes debe ser tenida en cuenta porque puede preceder a una infección invasiva. Background Invasive fungal infection is an important cause of morbimortality in patients with severe burns. The advances in burn care therapy have considerably extended the survival of seriously burned patients, exposing them to infectious complications, notably fungal infections, with increased recognition of invasive infections caused by Candida species. However, some opportunistic fungi, like Trichosporon asahii , have emerged as important causes of nosocomial infection. Case report A case of nosocomial infection due to T. asahii in a severely ill burned patient successfully treated with voriconazole is presented. The management of invasive fungal infections in burned patients, from diagnosis to selection of the therapeutic protocol, is often a challenge. Early diagnosis and treatment are associated with a better prognosis. In this case report, current treatment options are discussed, and a review of previously published cases is presented. Conclusions Due to the difficulty in the diagnosis of invasive mycoses and their high associated mortality rates, it is advisable to keep a high degree of clinical suspicion of trichosporonosis in susceptible patients, including burned patients. The isolation of T. asahii in clinical specimens of this type of host must raise clinical alert, since it may precede an invasive infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universitas: Relações Internacionais is the property of Universitas: Relacoes Internacionais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este trabalho teve como objetivos: 1. comparar o crescimento de cana colhida crua, mecanizada e de cana após a queima, colhida manualmente; 2. avaliar a influência do clima sobre as duas condições de crescimento e 3. analisar o comportamento do crescimento de cana crua e cana queimada nos 1º e 2º anos de rebrota, através de curvas adaptadas. A pesquisa foi realizada no município de Morro Agudo, SP, de julho de 1995 a julho de 1997. A variedade cultivada foi a SP 70 -1143. Utilizaram-se como indicadores de crescimento os seguintes índices biométricos: número de perfilhos, número de folhas, matéria seca de colmos e de folhas, IAF e avaliou-se a influência das temperaturas e das umidades do ar, do solo e das folhas. Adotou-se regressão polinomial e regressão não-linear para se adaptar os dados às curvas de crescimento. O crescimento no primeiro ciclo foi semelhante para cana crua e cana queimada. No início do segundo ciclo ocorreu maior crescimento em cana crua, enquanto que no final, foi maior em cana queimada. O perfilhamento da cana crua não apresentou diferenças significativas que confirmem a influência negativa da palha na rebrota. Os fatores climatológicos, isoladamente, não provocaram mudanças nos ciclos de crescimento de maneira que se identificasse uma tendência geral. As diferenças expressas na curva de crescimento do 1º para o 2º ano são devidas aos fatores climatológicos, tanto para cana crua como para cana queimada.This work had as objectives: 1. to compare the shoot growth between green cane, mechanically harvested and burned cane, harvested manually; 2. to evaluate the influence of the weather on the two conditions of growth and 3. to analyze the growth of green cane and cane burned in the 1st and 2nd years of second ratoon cane crop, by means of adapted curves. The research was performed in Morro Agudo, SP, Brazil from July 1995 to July 1997. The cultivar was the SP 70 -1143. As growth indicators the following biometric indexes were used: number of tillers, number of leaves, dry matter of stalks, and leaves and leaf area index (LAI). For each treatment, 4 areas were used, each one being considered a replication. Polynomial regression and non-linear regression were used to adjust the data to the growth curves. The growth in the first cycle was similar for the green and the burned canes. At the beginning of the second cycle the green cane growth was greater, while at the end, the growth was greater for the burned cane. Tillering of the green cane did not present significant differences that confirm the negative influence of the straw in the ratoon cane crop. The climatological factors, separately, did not promote changes in the growth cycles, that could identify a general tendency. The differences in the development expressed on the curve of growth from the 1st to the 2nd year are due to the climatological factors, for both, the green and the burned cane.

• Transmission lines located in the Cerrado are more vulnerable to outages due to fires. • The size of forest fires is highly correlated with the occurrence of shutdowns. • Monitoring the NDVI index can be used as a preventive indicator of shutdowns. Wildfires are one of the main causes of transmission line outages in Brazil. However, not every wildfire will result in the outage of a transmission line. Understanding this phenomenon is fundamental to improve the quality of electric power supply. This work aims to identify the characteristics of spans of twelve 500 kV transmission lines that make them more susceptible to outages caused by wildfires. Based on the analysis of construction data, fire outbreaks, vegetation index, restrictions on the cleaning maintenance of the rights-of-way, weather conditions and terrain characteristics, the main characteristics that make a given transmission line span vulnerable to an outage caused by wildfires could be identified. The results show that spans located on land classified as savanna formations have a greater chance of leading to transmission line outages caused by wildfires. The number of fire outbreaks and the NDVI index were the variables with the greatest influences on the occurrence of transmission line outages in spans exposed to wildfires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]