Search

This study was carried out to assess the seed-borne fungi of onion in Burkina Faso. Eighteen onion seed samples were collected from local farmers and wholesalers of vegetable seeds in the country and were investigated for fungi. The investigation was done using the “blotter method” on dry seeds and on seedlings. Fungal contamination was detected in all 18 tested samples. Seventeen fungal species belonging to 11 fungal genera were identified in the seed samples: Aspergillus was detected in 17 samples, Fusarium and Rhizopus in 15 samples, Cladosporium in 14 samples and Penicillium in 13 samples. Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum, known to be the causal agents of black mould and basal rot diseases, were detected in 17 and 11 samples, respectively, by seed analysis and in 10 and 9 samples, respectively, by seedling analysis. The infection rates by the fungal species varied from 0 to 90.3% for A. niger and from 0 to 13.5% for F. oxysporum. Alternaria porri, the causal agent of purple blotch disease was recorded lowly on two seed samples at infection rates of 0,5 and 1%. Exotic seed samples showed better health quality compared to local seed samples. These results indicated that the seeds locally produced by farmers in Burkina Faso are for low health quality and needs strong treatments before use to avoid diseases appearance in fields.

Drought is one the most damageable constraints to crop production impacting negatively food security. The potential of cowpea to address food security is well established. However, drought due to limited rainfall is causing important yield losses. This study was conducted to assess cowpea genotypes for variability to drought tolerance at Saria Research Station, Burkina Faso, in 2012. Fifty cowpea genotypes were grown under drought stressed and non-stressed conditions. Plants grown under non-stressed conditions were watered regularly from sowing to maturity while those in the stressed conditions were watered from sowing to 50% flower bud initiation and thereafter, irrigation was withheld till harvest. Selection indices and principal component biplot were used to differentiate genotypes. A wide genotypic variability among the tested germplasm was found. In the Biplot displayed, genotypes were grouped into four categories according to their drought tolerance and yielding ability as indicated below: high yielding-drought tolerant (group A), high yielding-drought susceptible (group B), and low yielding-drought tolerant (group C), and low yielding-drought susceptible (group D). The stress tolerance index was the best criterion for assessing genotypes for variability to drought tolerance because it enabled the identification of high yielding and drought tolerant genotypes.

Depuis 2000, le gouvernement burkinabé a adopté une réforme du système de gestion des infrastructures hydrauliques d’alimentation en eau potable en milieux rural et semi-urbain. Les nouveaux cadres prescrits dans ce contexte visent notamment à institutionnaliser la responsabilisation des usager-e-s à travers des AUE (Associations d’usagers de l’eau). Le modèle de mixité dans la composition des AUE et, plus encore, la règle paritaire sont présentés comme des principes qui limiteraient l’exclusion des femmes de ce nouvel espace social et politique et leur permettraient d’accéder légitimement à des fonctions de décision. Cet article montre que ces principes se heurtent aux normes de genre, les femmes restant cantonnées à des rôles subalternes.

"MISSION d'OUGADOUGOU (Hte-Volta [Burkina Faso])". "19. Fabrication du Saghabo - Bouillie de mil - Nourriture des Mossis". Two people of the Mossi tribe boil maize for saghabo, a traditional food. A mud wall is visible in the background.; The back of the postcard is closely covered in handwriting. Printed on it is "Collection de la Mission d'Ougadougou".

A color photograph depicts the church at Dapoia, a peak-roofed construction with a square bell tower to the side. In the background, other buildings can be seen.; There is no handwriting on the back of the card. Printed at the edge of the correspondence section is "3182 - Rep. Haute-Volta [Burkina Faso] - Ougadougou L'Eglise de Dapoia." "Librairie ATTIE - B. P. 64 - Ougadougou Reproduction interdite BROMOCOLOR".

Afrique Occidentale Francaise - Ouagadougou - La Foule des Chretiens Manifestant sa Foi a l'Occasion de la Fete-Dieu." ("French Western Africa - Ouagadougou - the Crowd of the Christians Expressing their Faith at the time of the Corpus Christi.") A large crowd of indigenous men and women mostly wearing white stand in front of a church and watch a processional leading up to the church entrance. Some in the processional carry flags. The face of the church is decorated with banners.; The back of the postcard is blank and contains printed information about the publisher: "Soeurs Missionnaires de N.-D. d'Afrique, Birmandreis (Alger) - Edition G.-L. ARLAUD - LYON. Repr. interdite.

12. Campement de Peuhls." ("12. Camp of the Peuhls.") Nine indigenous women grind grain with long poles and large mortars. In the background a thatched-roof hut is visible. Postcard issued by "Mission d'Ouagadougou (Hte-Volta)."; The back of the postcard is blank and printed with the following: "Collection de la Mission d'Ouagadougou.

4. Types Haoussas." (" ? ") Two indigenous adults stand side by side. One wears a dark robe and head covering, the other wears a white robe and head covering and carries various pouches around her neck. Postcard issued by "Mission d'Ouagadougou (Hte-Volta)."; The back of the postcard is blank and printed with the following: "Collection de la Mission d'Ouagadougou.

"Wereld Evangelisatie Kruistocht" "Bidt voor ons, dat het woord des Heren snelle voortgang hebbe en verheerlykt worde 2 THes. 3:4" "Emmy, Jacob, Henriette en Ellen Spronk Geloofsgemeenschap Luctor et Emergo Oldenbroek." "Mission Evangelique BP. 8 - Gaoua Haute Volta [Burkina Faso]". In an inset photograph, a missionary woman holds two young children. Her husband stands beside her.; The back of the postcard has no handwriting.

"No 122 - Tougan Ouvroir de Toma. Les petites filles apprennent la dentelle sous la direction des Soeurs Blanches." A Catholic missionary sister sits on a mat among numerous young girls. All work at sewing on swatches of white cloth.; The back of the postcard has no handwriting. Printed on it is "Edition Volta - Reproduction interdite".

In a color photograph, a bishop with crozier in hand confirms four kneeling boys. Two priests stand in attendance, while an indigenous man stands behind the boys, his hand on a boy's shoulder.; The back of the postcard has no handwriting. Printed on it is "17 - Confirmation a KOUDOUGOU".

"MISSION d'OUGADOUGOU (Hte-Volta [Burkina Faso])" "9. Forgeron indigene." A boy sits on a log, watching a blacksmith at work.; The back of the postcard has a handwritten "Burkina Faso AC" penciled on it. Printed on it is "Collection de la Mission d'Ougadougou".

"MISSION d'OUGADOUGOU (Hte-Volta [Burkina Faso])". "75. Un vieillard sur sa chaise longue." An elderly man wearing a loincloth reclines on a low wooden seat, smoking a pipe.; The back of the postcard has no handwriting. Printed on it is "Collection de la Mission d'Ougadougou".

Afrique occidentale Francaise - Koupela - Une famille chretienne". A seated man is surrounded by his wife and children at home. Two of the children carry clay vessels. A thatch-roofed house is visible in the background.; The back of the postcard has no handwriting. Printed on it is "Soeurs Missionnaires de N.-D. d'Afrique, Birmandreis (Alger) Edition G.-L. ARLAUD - LYON. Repr. interdite.

"MISSION d'OUGADOUGOU (Hte-Volta [Burkina Faso])". "20. Greniers Mossis". Several people of the Mossi tribe stand among low thatch-roofed granaries constructed of sticks.; The back of the postcard is closely covered in handwriting. Printed on it is "Collection de la Mission d'Ougadougou".

Two women pound grain in a large mortar while a small child watches. The trio are partially framed in an archway, and in the background trees and plain can be seen.; The back of the postcard has no handwriting. Printed on it is "MISSIONS D'AFRIQUE Pilage du mil en Haute-Volta [Burkina Faso]" "Paris 7e 5. rue Monsieur" "Edition de la Propagation de la Foi C. C. P. 618-25 C. C. P. 72-71" "Lyon (2e) 12, rue Sala".

"MISSION d'OUGADOUGOU (Hte-Volta [Burkina Faso])". "27. Balom Naba, Chef de province Ouagadougou". A man wearing a robe of patterned cloth stands before a short stair. In the background, an archway can be seen at the top of the stair.; The back of the postcard has no handwriting. Printed on it is "Collection de la Mission d'Ougadougou".

"MISSION d'OUGADOUGOU (Hte-Volta [Burkina Faso])". "11. Case Peuhl". A standing man and a seated woman pose for the camera before a small grass hut. In the background, a tree-dotted plain can be seen.; The back of the postcard has no handwriting. Printed on it is "Collection de la Mission d'Ougadougou".

Afrique Occidentale Francaise - Ougadougou - Les premieres religieuses indigenes". A Catholic missionary sister sits outdoors among seven indigenous nuns. Trees are visible in the background.; The back of the postcard has no handwriting. Printed on it is "Soeurs Missionnaires de N.-D. d'Afrique, Birmandreis (Alger) Edition G.-L. ARLAUD - LYON. Repr. interdite.

62. Catechistes moniteurs." In front of a statue of the Virgin and child, a missionary father poses with four indigenous men and an indigenous boy. Two of the indigenous men wear simple white garments; two others wear more elaborately decorated clothes. All wear a cross. Postcard issued by "Mission d'Ouagadougou (Hte-Volta)."; The back of the postcard is blank and printed with the following: "Collection de la Mission d'Ouagadougou.

15. - La Premiere Benediction Aux Parents." ("15. - The First Blessing of the Parents.") A young indigenous priest raises his hand to bless two adults who kneel on the ground before him. A number of children stand nearby to witness the event.; The back of the postcard is blank and contains a printed title: "Ouagadougou - 16. - Un jeune pretre noir benit ses parents - A young native priest blesses his parents." The back also contains information about the publisher: "Missions des Peres Blancs - Missions of the White Fathers - Librairie Missionnaire - 26, rue Vavin - Paris VIe - Peres Blancs, Notre-Dame du Bon Conseil, Bonnelles (S.-&-O.)

29. - Brodeuses Travaillant Une Chape." ("29. - Embroiderers Working on a Cope.") Two indigenous girls wearing white headbands and cross necklaces embroider a large piece of fabric.; The back of the postcard is blank and contains a printed title: "HAUTE-VOLTA - 29. - Brodeuses travaillant une chape - Upper-Volta - Young girls embroidering a cope." The back also contains information about the publisher: "Missions des Peres Blancs - Missions of the White Fathers - Librairie Missionnaire - 26, rue Vavin - Paris VIe - Peres Blancs, Notre-Dame du Bon Conseil, Bonnelles (S.-&-O.)

25. - L'Apprentie-Maman et sa Petite Soeur." ("25. - The Apprentice-Mom and her Small Sister." ) A young girl carries her baby sister on her back by means of a large cloth wrapped around her torso. The two children have their backs to the camera and look over their right shoulders.; The back of the postcard is blank and contains a printed title: "HAUTE-VOLTA - 25. - L'Apprentie-Maman et sa Petite Soeur - A mother-to-come and her little sister." The back also contains information about the publisher: "Missions des Peres Blancs - Missions of the White Fathers - Librairie Missionnaire - 26, rue Vavin - Paris VIe - Peres Blancs, Notre-Dame du Bon Conseil, Bonnelles (S.-&-O.)

55. Fabricant de chapeaux." ("55. Manufacturer of hats") An indigenous man sits on a small stool and weaves a hat out of thin strands of grass. Postcard issued by "Mission d'Ouagadougou (Hte-Volta)."; The back of the postcard is blank and printed with the following: "Collection de la Mission d'Ouagadougou.

8. Type Mossi." (" ? ") A young Mossi man wearing a white shirt and a necklace with a crucifix poses for a portrait. Postcard issued by "Mission d'Ouagadougou (Hte-Volta)."; The back of the postcard is blank and printed with the following: "Collection de la Mission d'Ouagadougou.

78. Petites chretiennes." ("78. Young Christian women.") Twenty-five young indigenous girls wearing white dresses pose in front of a stone building. In the background a missionary father is standing in the building. Postcard issued by "Mission d'Ouagadougou (Hte-Volta)."; The back of the postcard is blank and printed with the following: "Collection de la Mission d'Ouagadougou.

23. Foire au betail a Ouagadougou." ("23. Cattle Fair at Ouagadougou.") A group of cattle graze in a small area surrounded by a low stone wall. Several indigenous men walk among the cattle while a large group of people stands at the wall. Postcard issued by "Mission d'Ouagadougou (Hte-Volta)."; The back of the postcard is blank and printed with the following: "Collection de la Mission d'Ouagadougou.

70. Fillette promenant sa petite soeur." ("70. Young girl walking her small sister.") A young girl carries her baby sister on her back with a striped garment wrapped around her torso. Only the feet of the baby are visible through the cloth. Postcard issued by "Mission d'Ouagadougou (Hte-Volta)."; The back of the postcard is blank and printed with the following: "Collection de la Mission d'Ouagadougou.

28. Preparation de la laine pour les tapis de Ouagadougou (Mission)." ("28. Preparation of wool for the carpets of Ouagadougou (Mission).") Thirty-five children sit on the ground and prepare wool for use in weaving carpets. Behind them is a single-story stone building with several arches. Postcard issued by "Mission d'Ouagadougou (Hte-Volta)."; The back of the postcard is blank and printed with the following: "Collection de la Mission d'Ouagadougou.

63. Religieuses indigenes." ("63. Indigenous nuns.") Twenty-three indigenous women wearing white habits and cross necklaces pose near a grove of trees and a statue of the Virgin. Postcard issued by "Mission d'Ouagadougou (Hte-Volta)."; The back of the postcard contains a typed note in French and is printed with the following: "Collection de la Mission d'Ouagadougou.

26. Maison du Mogho-Naba, Grand Chef des Mossis a Ouagadougou." ("26. House of Mogho-Naba, High Chief of the Mossi at Ouagadougou.") Nine men stand on the wide porch of a large stone building with many arches and a flat roof. Postcard issued by "Mission d'Ouagadougou (Hte-Volta)."; The back of the postcard is blank and printed with the following: "Collection de la Mission d'Ouagadougou.

36. Palais du Gouverneur de la Haute-Volta, Ouagadougou" ("36. Palace of the Governor of Haute-Volta, Ouagadougou.") The photograph shows a large stone palace with a flat roof, many arches, and at least two towers standing at the end of a tree-lined road. Postcard issued by "Mission d'Ouagadougou (Hte-Volta)."; The back of the postcard is blank and printed with the following: "Collection de la Mission d'Ouagadougou.

30. Groupe de filles Mossis." ("30. Group of Mossi girls.") Sixteen indigenous girls pose in three rows near a stone wall. Some of the girls wear cross necklaces. Postcard issued by "Mission d'Ouagadougou (Hte-Volta)."; The back of the postcard is blank and printed with the following: "Collection de la Mission d'Ouagadougou.

43. Petit Seminaire d' Ouagadougou." ("43. Small Seminary of Ouagadougou.") A missionary father stands at the gate of a post and wire fence. Behind him three missionary fathers stand in front of two large stone buildings, one of which appears to be a church. Postcard issued by "Mission d'Ouagadougou (Hte-Volta)."; The back of the postcard is blank and printed with the following: "Collection de la Mission d'Ouagadougou.

77. Fillettes Gourounsi." ("77. Young Gourounsi girls.") On the porch of a stone building two indigenous girls wearing patterned shirts and necklaces pose with an open book. Postcard issued by "Mission d'Ouagadougou (Hte-Volta)."; The back of the postcard is blank and printed with the following: "Collection de la Mission d'Ouagadougou.