3,962 results on '"burgers vector"'
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2. Crystal Defects
- Author
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Perez, Nestor and Perez, Nestor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The Construction of a Lattice Image and Dislocation Analysis in High-Resolution Characterizations Based on Diffraction Extinctions.
- Author
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Ni, Kun, Wang, Hanyu, Guo, Qianying, Wang, Zumin, Liu, Wenxi, and Huang, Yuan
- Subjects
- *
IMAGE analysis , *SCREW dislocations , *WAVE diffraction , *TRANSMISSION electron microscopy , *EDGE dislocations , *IMAGE reconstruction algorithms - Abstract
This paper introduces a method for high-resolution lattice image reconstruction and dislocation analysis based on diffraction extinction. The approach primarily involves locating extinction spots in the Fourier transform spectrum (reciprocal space) and constructing corresponding diffraction wave functions. By the coherent combination of diffraction and transmission waves, the lattice image of the extinction planes is reconstructed. This lattice image is then used for dislocation localization, enabling the observation and analysis of crystal planes that exhibit electron diffraction extinction effects and atomic jump arrangements during high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) characterization. Furthermore, due to the method's effectiveness in localizing dislocations, it offers a unique advantage when analyzing high-resolution images with relatively poor quality. The feasibility of this method is theoretically demonstrated in this paper. Additionally, the method was successfully applied to observed edge dislocations, such as 1 / 6 [ 21 1 − ] , 1 / 6 [ 2 − 1 1 − ] , and 1 / 2 [ 0 1 − 1 ] , which are not easily observable in conventional HRTEM characterization processes, in electro-deposited Cu thin films. The Burgers vectors were determined. Moreover, this paper also attempted to observe screw dislocations that are challenging to observe in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. By shifting a pair of diffraction extinction spots and superimposing the reconstructed images before and after the shift, screw dislocations with a Burgers vector of 1 / 2 [ 01 1 − ] were successfully observed in electro-deposited Cu thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Crystal Defects
- Author
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Böer, Karl W., Pohl, Udo W., Böer, Karl W., and Pohl, Udo W.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Application of Improved PRD Algorithm Based on Burgers Vector Extraction and Analysis in Dislocation Loop Simulation
- Author
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XU Xincheng;NIE Ningming;WANG Jin;HE Xinfu;ZENG Yan;ZHANG Jilin;WANG Jue;WAN Jian
- Subjects
dislocation loop ,burgers vector ,accelerated molecular dynamics ,large scale parallel computing ,transition of dislocation loop ,Nuclear engineering. Atomic power ,TK9001-9401 ,Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,QC770-798 - Abstract
After neutron irradiation, RAFM steel will produce two types of interstitial dislocation loops (1/2〈111〉 loop and 〈100〉 loop), resulting in radiation hardening and embrittlement after long service. And different types of dislocation loops may lead to different hardening phenomena. However, the formation and transformation processes of different types of dislocation loops are still obscure. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the formation and transformation processes of different types of dislocation loops for the evolution of materials’ microstructures and prediction of their properties. In this paper, we presented an improved parallel replica method (PRD), which improved the application of the original PRD method in dislocation loop evolution simulation. Through analyzing the mechanism characteristics of dislocation loop transition and extracting Burgers vector, the improved PRD method accurately identified the state of dislocation loops, and then calculated the simulation of accelerated transition process from 〈100〉 loop to 1/2〈111〉 loop. By combing the dislocation extraction algorithm in OVITO, the synchronous analysis of Burgers vector in the simulation process was realized. During the dislocation loop transforms, its habit plane will change and eventually affect the change of Burgers vector. So Burgers vector was used to redefine the adjudication for transition events in the original PRD method. We adjudicated whether the system undergoes a transition event, based on the existence of 1/2 〈111〉 Burgers vector in the simulated system and whether the proportion of 1/2〈111〉 Burgers vector increases. With such improvements, it would help us avoid lengthy cyclic iterations at some metastable state in our simulation and realize the simulation of accelerated transition phenomenon of 〈100〉 loop to 1/2〈111〉 loop. Finally, numerical experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of our work. The results show that the improved PRD algorithm successfully simulate the changing process of small size 〈100〉 loop to 1/2〈111〉 loop at 1 000 K, and the transition time is faster than the traditional molecular dynamics method. We also observe the coexistence phenomenon of 〈100〉 dislocation segments and 1/2〈111〉 dislocation segments in large size 〈100〉 loop simulation. So far as to the case of 〈100〉 loop with Ni solute elements, it is found that the complete transition to 1/2〈111〉 dislocation loop is happened. In addition, the accuracy of program simulation was verified, and the parallel performance were also analyzed and evaluated in this paper. We achieve about 90% parallel efficiency in the parallel calculating test, which is found much higher than the original PRD method. Moreover, our program has well-fined scalability, so it can be well expanded for the large-scale parallel calculation.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. 基于 Burgers 向量提取与分析的 改进 PRD 算法在位错环模拟中的应用.
- Author
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徐鑫铖, 聂宁明, 王瑾, 贺新福, 曾艳, 张纪林, 王珏, and 万健
- Subjects
DISLOCATION loops ,MOLECULAR dynamics ,NEUTRON irradiation ,METASTABLE states ,SIMULATION software ,VECTOR analysis - Abstract
Copyright of Atomic Energy Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Board of Atomic Energy Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The Construction of a Lattice Image and Dislocation Analysis in High-Resolution Characterizations Based on Diffraction Extinctions
- Author
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Kun Ni, Hanyu Wang, Qianying Guo, Zumin Wang, Wenxi Liu, and Yuan Huang
- Subjects
HRTEM ,dislocation ,Fourier transform ,Burgers vector ,Technology ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Microscopy ,QH201-278.5 ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,QC120-168.85 - Abstract
This paper introduces a method for high-resolution lattice image reconstruction and dislocation analysis based on diffraction extinction. The approach primarily involves locating extinction spots in the Fourier transform spectrum (reciprocal space) and constructing corresponding diffraction wave functions. By the coherent combination of diffraction and transmission waves, the lattice image of the extinction planes is reconstructed. This lattice image is then used for dislocation localization, enabling the observation and analysis of crystal planes that exhibit electron diffraction extinction effects and atomic jump arrangements during high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) characterization. Furthermore, due to the method’s effectiveness in localizing dislocations, it offers a unique advantage when analyzing high-resolution images with relatively poor quality. The feasibility of this method is theoretically demonstrated in this paper. Additionally, the method was successfully applied to observed edge dislocations, such as 1/6[211−], 1/6[2−11−], and 1/2[01−1], which are not easily observable in conventional HRTEM characterization processes, in electro-deposited Cu thin films. The Burgers vectors were determined. Moreover, this paper also attempted to observe screw dislocations that are challenging to observe in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. By shifting a pair of diffraction extinction spots and superimposing the reconstructed images before and after the shift, screw dislocations with a Burgers vector of 1/2[011−] were successfully observed in electro-deposited Cu thin films.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Structure and Bonding
- Author
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Follansbee, Paul and Follansbee, Paul
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Effects of atomic radius mismatch and Burgers vector magnitude on tensile properties of the Ti50-ZrVNbCr medium-entropy alloys.
- Author
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Jiang, Shihui, Wu, Baolin, Xu, Zaidong, Du, Xinghao, Mao, Pingli, and Esling, Claude
- Subjects
- *
ATOMIC radius , *GRAIN , *LATTICE constants , *CONDUCTION electrons , *HAMBURGERS , *STRESS concentration - Abstract
In this study, four Ti50-ZrVNbCr alloys were designed and prepared with the same valence electron concentration (VEC) value, and effects of atomic radius mismatch and Burgers vector magnitude on tensile properties were experimentally investigated. The results showed that multiple slip systems were activated in the alloys. With the increment of atomic radius mismatch and Burgers vector magnitude, the relative activity of {110}<111> slip mode decreased, and the relative activities of {112}<111> and {123}<111> slip modes increased. Atomic radius mismatch dominated the yield strength of the alloys by solid-solution strengthening. The reduction of lattice constant can lead to the increment of dislocation density that favors for increasing ductility. As lattice constant increased, dislocations gradually condensed in some slip-bands that could form shear bands, resulting in a localization of deformation and a stress concentration, which could easily lead to cracks on grain boundaries. • Four Ti50-ZrVNbCr alloys were prepared with a constant VEC value; • Roles of atomic radius mismatch and Burgers vector were addressed; • The relative activities of slip modes vary with radius mismatch and latticeconstant; • Burgers vector magnitude played a dominant role in strengthening these alloys; • Lattice constant dominated the ductility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. First-Principles Simulations for CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) Solar Cells
- Author
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Cheng, Yu-Wen, Xue, Hong-Tao, Tang, Fu-Ling, Liu, Jingbo Louise, Atesin, Tulay Aygan, editor, Bashir, Sajid, editor, and Liu, Jingbo Louise, editor
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Crystal Defects
- Author
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Böer, Karl W., Pohl, Udo W., Böer, Karl W., and Pohl, Udo W.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior and the Fractographic Analysis of the Ti 49.1 Ni 50.9 Alloy in States with Different Activation Deformation Volumes.
- Author
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Churakova, Anna, Gunderov, Dmitry, Kayumova, Elina, and Kuhn, Bernd
- Subjects
FRACTOGRAPHY ,BEHAVIORAL assessment ,MICROSTRUCTURE ,DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) ,STRAIN rate ,HIGH temperatures - Abstract
In this article, the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the Ti
49.1 Ni50.9 alloy with a high content of nickel in a coarse-grained state, obtained by quenching, ultrafine-grained (obtained through the equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) method) and nanocrystalline (high pressure torsion (HPT) + annealing), were investigated using mechanical tensile tests at different temperatures. Mechanical tests at different strain rates for determining the parameter of strain rate sensitivity m were carried out. Analysis of m showed that with an increase in the test temperature, an increase in this parameter was observed for all studied states. In addition, this parameter was higher in the ultrafine-grained state than in the coarse-grained state. The activation deformation volume in the ultrafine-grained state was 2–3 times greater than in the coarse-grained state at similar tensile temperatures. Fractographic analysis of samples after mechanical tests was carried out. An increase in the test temperature led to a change in the nature of fracture from quasi-brittle–brittle (with small pits) at room temperature to ductile (with clear dimples) at elevated temperatures. Microstructural studies were carried out after the tensile tests at different temperatures, showing that at elevated test temperatures, the matrix was depleted in nickel with the formation of martensite twins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Circular Dislocations in an Anisotropic Medium: Specific Energy and Stress Fields.
- Author
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Kuznetsov, S. V.
- Abstract
A pseudodifferential operator is constructed that describes the stress field in an anisotropic medium caused by a dislocation with a variable Burgers vector. Under the assumption , analytical expressions for the energy of circular dislocations with a variable Burgers vector in an elastic medium with general anisotropy are obtained for the first time. It was found that in an isotropic medium the energy of formation of an edge dislocation and a slip dislocation is determined only by the uniform norm of the Burgers vector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. THE EFFECTS OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL MIGRATION OF SELF-INTERSTITIAL CLUSTERS ON THE FORMATION OF VOID LATTICES
- Author
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Singh, Bachu
- Published
- 2002
15. Treatment of traction-free boundary condition in three-dimensional dislocation dynamics using generalized image stress analysis
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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16. A UNIVERSAL LAW FOR TAILS OF DENSITY PDF'S IN MULTI-DIMENSIONAL BURGERS TURBULENCE
- Author
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Frisch, U [and others]
- Published
- 2000
17. Microstructure of Stacking Fault Complex/Carrot Defects at Interface Between 4H-SiC Epitaxial Layers and Substrates.
- Author
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Sako, Hideki, Kobayashi, Kenji, Ohira, Kentaro, and Isshiki, Toshiyuki
- Subjects
EPITAXIAL layers ,SCANNING transmission electron microscopy ,CARROTS ,EDGE dislocations ,ELECTRON microscopy - Abstract
A carrot defect with a shallow pit has been detected in a 4H-SiC epitaxial wafer using mirror projection electron microscopy inspection. The origin of the carrot defect and the microstructure of the conversion point at the interface between the epitaxial layer and the substrate were investigated using transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. We found that two types of threading edge dislocations (TEDs) in the substrate, with b = 1 / 3 2 ¯ 110 and b = 1 / 3 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 20 , generated the carrot defect with a shallow pit in the epitaxial layer. The two TEDs converted to basal plane dislocations (BPDs) at the conversion point. Furthermore, one of the two BPDs led to the pair generation of a threading dislocation running to the epi surface and four partial dislocations propagating on each basal plane. The other BPD joined one of the four partial dislocations at the conversion point; this merged dislocation was assumed to cause a prismatic stacking fault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Direct evaluation of threading dislocations in 4H-SiC through large-angle convergent beam electron diffraction.
- Author
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Hadorn, Jason Paul, Tanuma, Ryohei, Kamata, Isaho, and Tsuchida, Hidekazu
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRON beams , *ELECTRON diffraction , *X-ray topography , *TRANSMISSION electron microscopy , *DISLOCATION structure - Abstract
In this study, the structures of threading dislocations (TDs) in a 4H-SiC epilayer were directly characterised using large-angle convergent beam electron diffraction (LACBED) via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), by examining the splitting of reflections due to the presence of dislocation lines. Previously, X-ray topography (XRT) mapping in combination with ray-tracing simulations has been shown to be an efficient method for imaging and differentiating common TD types and variants in 4H-SiC. In this work, the validity of XRT-based results was verified by LACBED through direct evaluation and differentiation of the Burgers vectors and physical crystallographic features of all a threading edge, c threading screw, and c + a threading mixed dislocations variants. The LACBED results agreed with the XRT-based results with respect to TD type and variant. The screw-sense or half-plane orientation and Burgers vector determined from LACBED analysis for each TD were self-consistent. For the case of ⟨ a ⟩ -TEDs, atomic-resolution analysis of the core structure, through high-angle annular dark field scanning TEM, directly revealed two half-planes, each with a 1 3 1 1 ¯ 00 Burgers vector component, and the sum of these components was confirmed to be 1 3 11 2 ¯ 0 . Finally, an algorithm for efficient LACBED analysis of TDs in 4H-SiC was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Non-destructive identification of edge-component burgers vector of threading dislocations in SiC wafers by birefringence imaging.
- Author
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Harada, Shunta, Matsubara, Yasutaka, and Murayama, Kenta
- Subjects
- *
X-ray topography , *STRESS concentration , *SHEARING force , *HAMBURGERS , *SCREW dislocations , *BIREFRINGENCE , *SCREW-threads - Abstract
Non-destructive characterization of crystalline defects in SiC wafers is important for manufacturing high-performance SiC power devices with high productivity. The present study shows that the edge component of the Burgers vector can be identified by birefringence imaging under conditions deviating slightly from the crossed-Nicols condition and by calculation of the in-plane shear stress distribution. It is also found that the combination of birefringence observation and X-ray topography allows the discrimination of the family of threading screw dislocations. The present results will further the understanding of the relationship between defect structure and the properties of SiC power devices. [Display omitted] • Birefringence imaging applied to SiC wafer defect analysis. • Edge-component of Burgers vector in SiC identified. • TSD families differentiated using lab-scale apparatus. • Detailed SiC defect analysis enhances power device performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Self-Interstitial Transport in Vanadium
- Author
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Srolovitz, D
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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21. Motion and Rotation of Small Glissile Dislocation Loops in Stress Fields
- Author
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Okita, T
- Published
- 2003
22. Characterization of face-centered cubic structure and deformation mechanisms in high energy shot peening process of TC17
- Author
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C.L. Yang, Y.G. Liu, and Mingxing Li
- Subjects
Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Condensed matter physics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,Slip (materials science) ,Cubic crystal system ,Deformation (meteorology) ,Shot peening ,Deformation mechanism ,Mechanics of Materials ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Partial dislocations ,Crystal twinning ,Burgers vector - Abstract
The face-centered cubic structure (fcc) and its deformation behaviors, as well as the distinctive role of fcc-Ti in nanocrystallization in TC17 subjected to high energy shot peening (HESP), were investigated by using comprehensive high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results showed that there was a stress-induced fcc-Ti in TC17 with a lattice constant of 0.420-0.433 nm and the B-type orientation relationship between the hcp-Ti and the fcc-Ti as [20]hcp//[10]fcc and (0001)hcp//(111)fcc, which was accomplished by the gliding of Shockley partial dislocations with Burgers vector of 1/3[010] on the basal plane. The deformation twinning dominated the subsequent deformation of fcc-Ti, producing two types of {111} twins with different characteristics. Among them, the I-type twin with complete structure was generated by successive gliding of Shockley partial dislocations with the same Burgers vector of 1/6[11]. In contrast, the cooperative slip of three Shockley partials, whose sum of Burgers vectors was equal to zero, produced the II-type twin with zero net macroscopic strain. And then, the emission of Shockley partial with the Burgers vector of 1/6[11] on every three (111)fcc planes resulted in the formation of a 9R structure. Due to the dissociation effect of lamellar fcc-Ti and the superior deformation ability of fcc structure, the occurrence of fcc-Ti effectively promoted surface nanocrystallization of TC17.
- Published
- 2022
23. THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION AND DEFORMATION OF ZIRCONIUM UNDER CASCADE DAMAGE CONDITIONS
- Author
-
Stoller, Roger [ORNL]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Structure of grain boundaries in hexagonal materials
- Author
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Sarrazit, Franck
- Subjects
530.41 ,GRAIN BOUNDARIES ,TUNGSTEN CARBIDES ,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ,BURGERS VECTOR ,DISLOCATIONS ,ZINC OXIDES ,HEXAGONAL LATTICES ,STRUCTURAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS ,MICROSTRUCTURE - Published
- 1998
25. Impact of Defect Creation and Motion on the Thermodynamics and Large-Scale Reorganization of Self-Assembled Clathrin Lattices
- Author
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Mehraeen, Shafigh
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior and the Fractographic Analysis of the Ti49.1Ni50.9 Alloy in States with Different Activation Deformation Volumes
- Author
-
Anna Churakova, Dmitry Gunderov, and Elina Kayumova
- Subjects
shape memory alloys ,ultrafine-grained structure ,strain rate sensitivity of flow stress ,activation deformation volume ,fractographic analysis ,burgers vector ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In this article, the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the Ti49.1Ni50.9 alloy with a high content of nickel in a coarse-grained state, obtained by quenching, ultrafine-grained (obtained through the equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) method) and nanocrystalline (high pressure torsion (HPT) + annealing), were investigated using mechanical tensile tests at different temperatures. Mechanical tests at different strain rates for determining the parameter of strain rate sensitivity m were carried out. Analysis of m showed that with an increase in the test temperature, an increase in this parameter was observed for all studied states. In addition, this parameter was higher in the ultrafine-grained state than in the coarse-grained state. The activation deformation volume in the ultrafine-grained state was 2–3 times greater than in the coarse-grained state at similar tensile temperatures. Fractographic analysis of samples after mechanical tests was carried out. An increase in the test temperature led to a change in the nature of fracture from quasi-brittle–brittle (with small pits) at room temperature to ductile (with clear dimples) at elevated temperatures. Microstructural studies were carried out after the tensile tests at different temperatures, showing that at elevated test temperatures, the matrix was depleted in nickel with the formation of martensite twins.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A canonical rate-independent model of geometrically linear isotropic gradient plasticity with isotropic hardening and plastic spin accounting for the Burgers vector.
- Author
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Ebobisse, François, Hackl, Klaus, and Neff, Patrizio
- Subjects
- *
GAUGE invariance , *DISLOCATION density , *TENSOR fields , *HAMBURGERS - Abstract
In this paper, we propose a canonical variational framework for rate-independent phenomenological geometrically linear gradient plasticity with plastic spin. The model combines the additive decomposition of the total distortion into non-symmetric elastic and plastic distortions, with a defect energy contribution taking account of the Burgers vector through a dependence only on the dislocation density tensor Curl p giving rise to a non-symmetric nonlocal backstress, and isotropic hardening response only depending on the accumulated equivalent plastic strain. The model is fully isotropic and satisfies linearized gauge invariance conditions, i.e., only true state variables appear. The model satisfies also the principle of maximum dissipation which allows to show existence for the weak formulation. For this result, a recently introduced Korn's inequality for incompatible tensor fields is necessary. Uniqueness is shown in the class of strong solutions. For vanishing energetic length scale, the model reduces to classical elasto-plasticity with symmetric plastic strain ε p and standard isotropic hardening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Mapping the full lattice strain tensor of a single dislocation by high angular resolution transmission Kikuchi diffraction (HR-TKD).
- Author
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Yu, Hongbing, Liu, Junliang, Karamched, Phani, Wilkinson, Angus J., and Hofmann, Felix
- Subjects
- *
DISLOCATIONS in metals , *LATTICE field theory , *STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) , *ANGULAR momentum (Mechanics) , *ELASTICITY - Abstract
Abstract The full lattice strain tensor and lattice rotations induced by a dislocation in pure tungsten were mapped using high-resolution transmission Kikuchi diffraction (HR-TKD) in a SEM. The HR-TKD measurement agrees very well with a forward calculation using an elastically isotropic model of the dislocation and its Burgers vector. Our results demonstrate that the spatial and angular resolution of HR-TKD in SEM is sufficiently high to resolve the details of lattice distortions near individual dislocations. This capability opens a number of new interesting opportunities, for example determining the Burgers vector of an unknown dislocation in a fast and straightforward way. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. In-situ irradiation tolerance investigation of high strength ultrafine tungsten-titanium carbide alloy.
- Author
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El-Atwani, O., Cunningham, W.S., Esquivel, E., Li, M., Trelewicz, J.R., Uberuaga, B.P., and Maloy, S.A.
- Subjects
- *
RADIATION tolerance , *RADIOACTIVE substances , *IRRADIATION , *ANNIHILATION operators , *COLLOIDS - Abstract
Abstract Refining grain size and adding alloying elements are two complementary approaches for enhancing the radiation tolerance of existing nuclear materials. Here, we present detailed in-situ irradiation research on defect evolution behavior and irradiation tolerance of ultrafine W-TiC alloys (thin foils) irradiated with 1 MeV Kr+2 at RT and 1073 K, and compare their overall performance to pure coarse grained tungsten. Loop Burgers vector was studied confirming the presence of <100> loops whose population increased at high temperature. Loop density, average loop area, and overall damage are reported as a function of irradiation dose revealing distinct defect evolution behavior from pure materials. The overall damage generally followed the average loop size trend, which decreased with time for both temperatures, but was higher at 1073 K and attributed to biased vacancy sink behavior of the TiC dispersoids evidenced by large vacancy clusters on their interfaces. By comparison, the overall loop and void damage in pure tungsten was larger by a factor of six and two, respectively. The improved irradiation damage resistance in the alloys is thus attributed to the effect of dispersoids in 1) the enhancement in annihilating defects and mutual defect recombination due to both dispersoids and a higher grain boundary density; 2) decreasing the loop mobility, causing shrinkage and annihilation of loop density, which was confirmed via in-situ video. Several mechanisms are illustrated to describe the performance of the complex alloy system. The results motivate further experimental and modeling research that aims to understand the many different phenomena occurring at different time scales. Graphical abstract Damage evolution behavior for pure W and ultrafine W-TiC alloy irradiated with 1 MeV Kr+2 at 1073 K. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Quantum Efficiency of Gallium Nitride-Based Heterostructures with GaInN Quantum Wells.
- Author
-
Vigdorovich, E. N.
- Subjects
- *
QUANTUM efficiency , *GALLIUM nitride , *HETEROSTRUCTURES , *GALLIUM compounds , *INDIUM nitride , *QUANTUM wells , *LIGHT emitting diodes - Abstract
Abstract: An important parameter of light-emitting heterostructures is their external quantum efficiency. However, another strict requirement for the structures used in fabricating blue and white light-emitting diodes is that the wavelength in the emission spectrum peak and its spread over the entire structure must be 460 ± 5 nm. This is explained primarily by the most frequently used white light-emitting diode design being based on crystals coated with a luminescent layer of a certain composition excited by blue emissions. Deviating from the specified spectral parameters of heterostructures strongly degrades the light and color characteristics of light-emitting diodes. In this work, we solve the problem of optimizing the design and way of growing the active region of an emitting structure consisting of a set of Ga1 - xInxN quantum wells and wider-gap GaN barriers with a certain wavelength in the emission spectrum peak. The variation in the critical thickness of the pseudomorphic layer in the Poisson ratio ranges of 0 to 0.2 for GaAlN and 0 to 0.4 for GaInN is calculated. The emission wavelength is determined by both the bulk Ga1 - xInxN band gap, which depends on the molar fraction of In in quantum wells, and the quantum well thickness in quantum-sized layers. It is found from the obtained dependences that to obtain the required wavelength of 460 nm in the emission spectrum peak, the Ga1 - xInxN layers must be around 10.3% indium and have a quantum well thickness of about 2.5 nm. The effect the In distribution profile in quantum wells has on the external quantum efficiency, the uniformity of the emission wavelength distribution in the spectral peak, and the emission power distribution over the structure is considered. The best results are obtained for a trapezoidal In distribution, since it ensures the narrowest emission wavelength spread in the spectral peak and the most uniform emission power distribution over the structure. Studying the effect the number of quantum wells has on the properties of a heterostructure shows that the maximum external quantum efficiency corresponds to 4 to 5 quantum wells. The highest emission wavelength uniformity in the spectral peak over the structure is obtained at 5 to 7 quantum wells. The optimum number of quantum wells in the active region of the heterostructure is found to be 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Characterization of ordered dislocation loop raft in Fe3+ irradiated pure iron at 300 °C.
- Author
-
Gao, Jin, Yabuuchi, Kiyohiro, and Kimura, Akihiko
- Subjects
- *
IRON ions , *DISLOCATION loops , *BURGERS' equation , *TRANSMISSION electron microscopy , *DIFFRACTION patterns - Abstract
Abstract Pure iron was irradiated with 6.4 MeV Fe3+ ions at 300 °C to a displacement damage of 30 dpa at a nominal depth of 600 nm. Distinct microstructures were observed at different depth regions by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the range of 0–1.2 μm from the irradiation surface, dislocation loops tended to form ordered loop rafts with their habit plane on {100} , while in the range of 1.6–2.3 μm, both line-shaped dislocations and dislocation loops coexisted. Dislocation loops that formed the loop raft had an average size of 3.5 nm with the number density estimated to be 3.6 × 1023 m−3, considering all three variants of the Burgers vectors b = a 0 < 100 >. However, the dislocation loops in the range of 1.6–2.3 μm were with Burgers vectors, b = a 0 /2 < 111 >, and the number density was one order of magnitude lower. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Three distinct damaged zones in ion-irradiated pure Fe. • A well-developed dislocation loop raft was observed. • Loop raft has a 2–D distribution on habit plane of {100} with b = a 0 < 100 > • 100 > loops had an average size of 3.5 nm with number density of 3.6 × 1023 m−3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Intermediate state of hexagonal close-packed structure to face-centered cubic structure transformation: Direct evidence for basal-type face-centered cubic phase via partial dislocation in zirconium
- Author
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Gaihuan Yuan, Fusen Yuan, Li Geping, Ali Muhammad, Wenbin Guo, Hengfei Gu, Liu Chengze, Fuzhou Han, Yingdong Zhang, and Jie Ren
- Subjects
Zirconium ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,Close-packing of equal spheres ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Cubic crystal system ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Crystallography ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Transmission electron microscopy ,Phase (matter) ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Partial dislocations ,Intermediate state ,0210 nano-technology ,Burgers vector - Abstract
An intermediate state of basal-type (B-type) face-centered cubic (FCC) zirconium phase is firstly reported in as-solidified pure zirconium by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique. The B-type hexagonal close-packed (HCP) to FCC phase transformation can be realized by following path: HCP→Intermediate state→FCC and each stage contained Shockley partial dislocations with Burgers vector of 1 / 6 [ 0 1 ¯ 10 ] . The observed intermediate state is direct evidence of the B-type FCC zirconium phase via partial dislocation.
- Published
- 2022
33. Microstructures and properties of materials under repeated laser irradiation
- Author
-
Bellon, Pascal
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Continuous defects: dislocations and disclinations in finite elasto-plasticity with initial dislocations heterogeneities
- Author
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Raisa PASCAN and Sanda CLEJA-TIGOIU
- Subjects
Burgers vector ,dislocation density ,disclination density ,dipole of disclinations ,diffusion-like evolution for plastic distortion ,variational equality ,FEM and update algorithm ,Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics ,TL1-4050 - Abstract
Within the constitutive framework of second order plasticity, following [4,5], under the assumptions that the plastic distortion is not compatible, and the plastic connection is not compatible with the plastic distortion and has metric property, we define the lattice defects in crystalline elasto-plastic materials. The curl of plastic distortion, which defines the Burgers vector, is a measure of the dislocations. The disclination is characterized in terms of the second order tensor, which enters the expression of the plastic connection and generates the Frank vector. The free energy density is postulated to be dependent on the elastic deformation and the measures of the defects. The non-local, diffusion-type evolution equations for plastic distortion and the damage tensor are derived to be compatible with the dissipation inequality, while the micro stress momenta, associated with the plastic and disclination mechanisms, are derived from the free energy function. We restrict the evolution equations for defects to small elastic and plastic distortions, considered to be wedge disclinations and edge dislocations. The finite element method is applied to numerically study the evolution of the defects, when the initial dislocation heterogeneities are considered.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The core structure of screw dislocations with [001] Burgers vector in Mg 2 SiO 4 olivine
- Author
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Srinivasan Mahendran, Philippe Carrez, and Patrick Cordier
- Subjects
Materials science ,Olivine ,Condensed matter physics ,Structure (category theory) ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Dissociation (chemistry) ,Core (optical fiber) ,0103 physical sciences ,engineering ,Partial dislocations ,Dislocation ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Burgers vector - Abstract
In this study, we report atomistic calculations of the core structure of screw dislocations with [001] Burgers vector in Mg2SiO4 olivine. Computations based on the THB1 empirical potential set for olivine show that the stable core configurations of the screw dislocations correspond to a dissociation in {110} planes involving collinear partial dislocations. As a consequence, glide appears to be favorable in {110} planes at low temperature. This study also highlights the difference between dislocation glide mechanism in {110} versus (010) or (100) for which glide is expected to occur through a locking–unlocking mechanism.
- Published
- 2021
36. Atomic Structure of Dislocations and Grain Boundaries in Two-Dimensional PtSe2
- Author
-
Wenshuo Xu, Gyeong Hee Ryu, Jeffrey C. Grossman, Jun Chen, Jamie H. Warner, Yanming Wang, and Yi Wen
- Subjects
Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Misorientation ,General Engineering ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Dark field microscopy ,Atomic units ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Lattice constant ,General Materials Science ,Grain boundary ,Crystallite ,Dislocation ,Burgers vector - Abstract
Each 2D material has a distinct structure for its grain boundary and dislocation cores, which is dictated by both the crystal lattice geometry and the elements that participate in bonding. For the class of noble metal dichalcogenides, this has yet to be thoroughly investigated at the atomic scale. Here, we examine the atomic structure of the dislocations and grain boundaries (GBs) in two-dimensional PtSe2, using atomic-resolution annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, combined with density functional theory and empirical force field calculations. The PtSe2 we study adopts the 1T phase in large-area polycrystalline films with numerous planar tilt GB distinct dislocations, including 5|7+Se and 4|4|8+Se polygons, in tilt-angle monolayer GBs, with features sharply distinguished from those in 2H-phase TMDs. On the basis of dislocation cores, the GB structures are investigated in terms of pathways of dislocation chain arrangement, dislocation core distributions in different misorientation angles, and 2D strain fields induced. Based on the Frank-Bilby equation, the deduced Burgers vector magnitude is close to the lattice constant of 1T-PtSe2, building the quantitative relationship of dislocation spacings and small GB angles. The 30° GBs are most frequently formed as a stitched interface between the armchair and zigzag lattices, constructed by a string of 5|7+Se dislocations asymmetrically with a small deviation angle. Another special angle GB, mirror twin 60° GB, is also mapped linearly by metal-condensed asymmetric or Se-rich symmetric dislocations. This report gives atomic-level insights into the GBs and dislocations in 1T-phase noble metal TMD PtSe2, which is a promising material to underpin extending properties of 2D materials by local structure engineering.
- Published
- 2021
37. Origin and Generation Process of a Triangular Single Shockley Stacking Fault Expanding from the Surface Side in 4H-SiC PIN Diodes
- Author
-
Aoi Okada, Ryosuke Iijima, Johji Nishio, and Chiharu Ota
- Subjects
Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Scanning electron microscope ,Substrate (electronics) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Epitaxy ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Transmission electron microscopy ,Materials Chemistry ,Partial dislocations ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Dislocation ,Burgers vector ,Stacking fault - Abstract
A triangular single Shockley stacking fault (1SSF) in 4H-SiC, expanding from the surface to the substrate/epilayer interface, was investigated. The triangular 1SSF was observed during electroluminescence examination of PIN diodes that had line-and-space anodes with open windows. The threshold current density of the 1SSF expansion was comparatively intermediate, and differed from that of a 1SSF that expanded from a basal plane dislocation (BPD) that had penetrated from the substrate into the epilayer, and from that of a 1SSF that expanded from a BPD that had converted into threading edge dislocations (TEDs) at the substrate/epilayer interface. No BPDs or surface damage such as cracks were observed by photoluminescence imaging, synchrotron x-ray topography imaging, or scanning electron microscope imaging near the origin of the expansion region. High-resolution observation using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy showed that a partial dislocation (PD) was present on the basal plane and two inclined TEDs were present on both sides of the PD. A g·b analysis showed that this dislocation had a Burgers vector of ± (1/3) [11 $$\overline{2}$$ 0], and it was estimated to be a combination of a TED-BPD-TED structure with a short BPD before expansion. Therefore, the triangular 1SSF from the surface side can be explained to have expanded from this BPD. Furthermore, considering the possibility of the BPD-TED conversion at the epitaxial growth process, the TED-BPD-TED dislocation was speculated to have formed after epitaxial growth. The perfect control of the forward voltage degradation of 4H-SiC device is thought to be realized by focusing on this type of BPD.
- Published
- 2021
38. A stochastic solver based on the residence time algorithm for crystal plasticity models
- Author
-
Qianran Yu, Javier Segurado, Jaime Marian, and Enrique Martínez
- Subjects
Physics ,Applied Mathematics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Computational Mechanics ,Ocean Engineering ,Slip (materials science) ,Strain rate ,Solver ,Symmetry (physics) ,Stress (mechanics) ,Computational Mathematics ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Deformation (engineering) ,Dislocation ,Algorithm ,Burgers vector - Abstract
The deformation of crystalline materials by dislocation motion takes place in discrete amounts determined by the Burgers vector. Dislocations may move individually or in bundles, potentially giving rise to intermittent slip. This confers plastic deformation with a certain degree of variability that can be interpreted as being caused by stochastic fluctuations in dislocation behavior. However, crystal plasticity (CP) models are almost always formulated in a continuum sense, assuming that fluctuations average out over large material volumes and/or cancel out due to multi-slip contributions. Nevertheless, plastic fluctuations are known to be important in confined volumes at or below the micron scale, at high temperatures, and under low strain rate/stress deformation conditions. Here, we develop a stochastic solver for CP models based on the residence-time algorithm that naturally captures plastic fluctuations by sampling among the set of active slip systems in the crystal. The method solves the evolution equations of explicit CP formulations, which are recast as stochastic ordinary differential equations and integrated discretely in time. The stochastic CP model is numerically stable by design and naturally breaks the symmetry of plastic slip by sampling among the active plastic shear rates with the correct probability. This can lead to phenomena such as intermittent slip or plastic localization without adding external symmetry-breaking operations to the model. The method is applied to body-centered cubic tungsten single crystals under a variety of temperatures, loading orientations, and imposed strain rates.
- Published
- 2021
39. Anomalously Large Burgers Vectors of Screw Dislocations in Gallium Nitride Nanowires
- Author
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D. A. Kirilenko and K. P. Kotlyar
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials science ,Period (periodic table) ,chemistry ,Condensed matter physics ,Nanowire ,Stacking ,General Materials Science ,Gallium nitride ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Burgers vector - Abstract
The results of structural studies of GaN nanowires containing screw dislocations are presented. It is found that the length of the Burgers vector of dislocations may reach 5 nm, i.e., exceed many times the c parameter of the gallium nitride unit cell. The formation of such dislocations leads in some cases to the occurrence of an ordered sequence of basal stacking faults with a period of 1.3–3.9 nm.
- Published
- 2021
40. First-Principles Study on the Elastic Constants and Structural and Mechanical Properties of 30° Partial Dislocation in GaAs
- Author
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Huili Zhang, Yunchang Fu, Defang Lu, Qiannan Gao, and Lumei Tong
- Subjects
Work (thermodynamics) ,Materials science ,Article Subject ,Condensed matter physics ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,General Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Stacking-fault energy ,Peierls stress ,TA401-492 ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Relaxation (physics) ,Partial dislocations ,General Materials Science ,Dislocation ,Elasticity (economics) ,0210 nano-technology ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,Burgers vector - Abstract
The second-order elastic constants, third-order elastic constants, and the generalized-stacking-fault energy for semiconductor GaAs are investigated using the first-principles calculations. The predictions of elastic constants are obtained from the coefficients of the fitted polynomials of the energy-strain functions. It is found that the nonlinear elastic effects must be considered when the applied deformations are larger than approximately 1.5%. With the Lagrangian strains up to 6.4%, the terms included up to third order in energy expansion functions are sufficient. The elastic constants given in this work agree well with the previous results and experimental data except for C144. C144 given by the present paper is a positive value, and the estimated 3 GPa agrees well with the experimental result of 2 GPa. The research results can provide a reference for understanding the elasticity of GaAs. The generalized-stacking-fault energy has been calculated without and with structural relaxation, respectively. The unstable stacking fault energy with structural relaxation is about two-thirds of that without relaxation. The dislocation width and Peierls stress for 30° partial in GaAs have been investigated based on the improved P-N theory. The dislocation width is very narrow (only about one-fifth of Burgers vector b), which is reasonable for covalent materials. The Peierls stress is about 4 GPa, in good agreement with the experimental result of 2∼3 GPa.
- Published
- 2021
41. Observation of Threading Dislocations in Ammonothermal Gallium Nitride Single Crystal Using Synchrotron X-ray Topography.
- Author
-
Yao, Y., Ishikawa, Y., Sugawara, Y., Takahashi, Y., and Hirano, K.
- Subjects
X-ray topography ,SYNCHROTRONS ,SINGLE crystals ,GALLIUM nitride ,X-ray microscopy - Abstract
Synchrotron monochromatic-beam x-ray topography observation has been performed on high-quality ammonothermal gallium nitride single crystal to evaluate threading dislocations (TD) in a nondestructive manner. Asymmetric diffractions with six equivalent g-vectors of 11-26, in addition to a symmetric diffraction with g = 0008, were applied to determine the Burgers vectors (b) of dislocations. It was found that pure edge-type TDs with b=11-20/3
did not exist in the sample. A dominant proportion of TDs were of mixed type with b=11-20/3+0001 , i.e., so-called c + a dislocations. Pure 1c screw dislocations with b=0001 and TDs with c-component larger than 1c were also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Loop and void damage during heavy ion irradiation on nanocrystalline and coarse grained tungsten: Microstructure, effect of dpa rate, temperature, and grain size.
- Author
-
El-Atwani, O., Esquivel, E., Efe, M., Aydogan, E., Wang, Y.Q., Martinez, E., and Maloy, S.A.
- Subjects
- *
HEAVY ions , *IRRADIATION , *NANOCRYSTALS , *TUNGSTEN , *ATOMIC displacements - Abstract
Displacement damage, through heavy ion irradiation was studied on two tungsten grades (coarse grained tungsten (CGW) and nanocrystalline and ultrafine grained tungsten (NCW)) using different displacement per atom rates and different irradiation temperatures (RT and 1050 K). Percentage of <111> and <100> type loops at the irradiation conditions was determined. Irradiation damage in the microstructure was quantified using average loop areas and densities (method A) and loop areal fraction in the grain matrices under 2-beam diffraction conditions (method B). Average values of <111> and <100> loops were calculated from method A. Loop coalescence was shown to occur for CGW at 0.25 dpa. Using both methods of quantifying microstructural damage, no effect of dpa rate was observed and damage in CGW was shown to be the same at RT and 1050 K. Swelling from voids observed at 1050 K was quantified. The loop damage in NCW was compared to CGW at the same diffraction and imaging conditions. NCW was shown to possess enhanced irradiation resistance at RT regarding loop damage and higher swelling resistance at 1050 K compared to CGW. For irradiation at 1050 K, the NCW was shown to have similar defect densities to the CGW which is attributed to higher surface effects in the CGW, vacancy loop growth to voids and a better sink efficiency in the CGW deduced from the vacancy distribution profiles from Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Loop density and swelling was shown to have similar values in grains sizes that range from 80 to 600 nm. No loop or void denuded zones occurred at any of the irradiation conditions. This work has a collection of experiments and conclusions that are of vital importance to materials and nuclear energy communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Detailed transmission electron microscopy study on the mechanism of dislocation loop rafting in tungsten.
- Author
-
El-Atwani, O., Aydogan, E., Esquivel, E., Efe, M., Wang, Y.Q., and Maloy, S.A.
- Subjects
- *
TRANSMISSION electron microscopy , *TUNGSTEN , *ELECTRON microscopy , *IRRADIATION , *ION beams - Abstract
Dislocation loop rafting and dislocation decoration have been previously observed in neutron and heavy ion irradiated materials. Understanding the fundamental aspects of these phenomena assist in evaluating irradiation damage of nuclear materials. Multiple different mechanisms have been suggested to explain loop rafting. Here, we performed a detailed transmission electron microscopy study on dislocation loop rafts in heavy ion irradiated tungsten. Different imaging conditions showed that the rafts are of <111> Burgers vector type and specifically the same <111> Burgers vector variant (<1 1 ¯ 1>) in the particular grain analyzed. Some rafts were associated with dislocation lines while some form as a result of alignment of dislocation loops. They were shown to form at both room temperature (RT) and high temperature with stronger rafts forming at RT. These observations confirm the mechanism previously suggested by Wen et al. which explains raft formation due to loop glide, cluster-cluster and grown-in dislocation-cluster interaction with subsequent Burgers vector rotation. Similar irradiation studies on nanocrystalline tungsten showed that these materials are more resistant to raft formation at RT irradiations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Mechanical properties and dislocation character of YB4 and YB6.
- Author
-
Sekido, Nobuaki, Ohmura, Takahito, and Perepezko, John H.
- Subjects
- *
MECHANICAL behavior of materials , *DISLOCATIONS in metals , *BORIDES , *YOUNG'S modulus , *NANOINDENTATION tests , *THERMAL stresses , *BURGERS' equation - Abstract
YB 4 /YB 6 two-phase alloys were prepared by arc-melting of high purity elemental materials. The Young's moduli of YB 4 and YB 6 were evaluated by nanoindentation technique. During loading of nanoindentation, pop-in events were clearly observed for YB 4 and YB 6 , suggesting that both have some capability of dislocation emission at room temperature. TEM observation depicts that dislocations have formed in YB 4 and YB 6 due to the thermal stress that developed during cooling following arc-melting. The Burgers vectors of these dislocations were identified to be [001] for YB 4 , and 〈100〉 for YB 6 . Potential slip systems that are indicated to operate were (100)[001] for YB 4 and {100}〈001〉 for YB 6 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Hydrogen diffusion in the elastic fields of dislocations in iron
- Author
-
Chernov, V. [National Research Tomsk State University (Russian Federation)]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Dislocation structures and electrical conduction properties of low angle tilt grain boundaries in LiNbO{sub 3}
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Caution in building a Burgers circuit for studying secondary dislocations.
- Author
-
Xu, Wen-Sheng and Zhang, Wen-Zheng
- Subjects
TRANSMISSION electron microscopes ,INCONEL ,HAMBURGERS - Abstract
Abstract As the Burgers vector of a secondary dislocation may not conform to the translation vectors in the periodic pattern in a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image, a Burgers circuit directly constructed according to an HRTEM image may render a wrong Burgers vector. The HRTEM images of the habit plane (HP) of δ precipitate in an Inconel 718 alloy were re-examined by using different Burgers circuits, as an example. Evidence is found for predicted secondary dislocation associated with a down step. The Burgers vector of the dislocation is 1 / 6 [ 11 2 ¯ ] γ / 1 / 3 [ 00 1 ¯ ] δ , determined with the Burgers circuit built on the reference of the displacement shift completely lattice (DSCL). It is consistent with both the calculated and the measured result of the major defects in the habit plane. Different Burgers vectors due to different Burgers circuits were explained quantitatively. The present study has a general implication for the determination of the Burgers vectors of secondary interfacial dislocations in other systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Defects and site occupancies in Nb-Cr-Ti C15 Laves phase alloys
- Author
-
Mitchell, T
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Direct observation of threading dislocations in GaN by high-resolution Z-contrast imaging
- Author
-
Gibart, P [CRHEA-CNRS, Valbonne (France)]
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Characterization of Dislocations in 6H-SiC Wafer Through X-Ray Topography and Ray-Tracing Simulations
- Author
-
Hongyu Peng, Michael Dudley, Qianyu Cheng, Zeyu Chen, Tuerxun Ailihumaer, Yafei Liu, and Balaji Raghothamachar
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Diffraction ,Materials science ,Solid-state physics ,business.industry ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Crystal ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,0103 physical sciences ,Materials Chemistry ,Silicon carbide ,Optoelectronics ,Wafer ,Ray tracing (graphics) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Dislocation ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Burgers vector - Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) is an important semiconductor material for a variety of electronic and optoelectronic applications owing to the unique combination of its superior electronic and physical properties. In order to continuously improve the crystal quality and improve device performance, obtaining a clear understanding of the defect types and their distribution and potential influence on device operation is of great importance. In this study, 6H-SiC crystals grown by physical vapor transport (PVT) have been characterized by synchrotron monochromatic beam x-ray topography (SMBXT). By recording six different $$11{\bar{2}},12$$ grazing incidence reflections and analyzing the contrast patterns of threading screw dislocations (TSDs), threading edge dislocations (TEDs), threading mixed dislocations (TMDs), and basal plane dislocations (BPDs) observed in conjunction with ray-tracing simulation, the Burgers vectors of these dislocations have been determined. This successfully demonstrated a direct Burgers vector determination approach for each type of dislocation. Understanding these dislocation types and their distributions in 6H-SiC wafers can provide crucial feedback for pursuing crystal quality enhancement during growth process. High-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) has been performed on the wafer to carry out the rocking curve analysis of areas with different degrees of lattice distortion.
- Published
- 2021
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