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Waste, a byproduct of human activity, can cause environmental pollution if released without proper processing. It can accumulate in piles, disturbing natural beauty and emitting unpleasant odors. The aim of this research is to from the students to care about the environment by learning with the Bubble Wrap Recycling Project, Used Plastic and Patchwork. The method of this project is a structured experiment. Common waste includes bubble wrap, plastic, and rags from the convection industry. A student project in an environmental science course involved recycling these materials into sitting pillows. Three variants were tested: 10% bubble wrap, 10% plastic waste, 80% patchwork, 15% bubble wrap, 15% plastic waste, 70% rags, and 20% bubble wrap, 20% plastic waste, 60% rags. The pillow's comfort was measured using a Linkert scale of 1-5. The results showed that the pillow measures 40cm. Recycling is a way to promote environmental care and awareness. Cooperation from educational agents, such as supervisors, leaders, and lecturers, is needed to increase students' environmental awareness. This includes examples of good environmental actions in daily routines, such as disposing of waste and implementing 3R practices.

Waste, a byproduct of human activity, can cause environmental pollution if released without proper processing. It can accumulate in piles, disturbing natural beauty and emitting unpleasant odors. The aim of this research is to from the students to care about the environment by learning with the Bubble Wrap Recycling Project, Used Plastic and Patchwork. The method of this project is a structured experiment. Common waste includes bubble wrap, plastic, and rags from the convection industry. A student project in an environmental science course involved recycling these materials into sitting pillows. Three variants were tested: 10% bubble wrap, 10% plastic waste, 80% patchwork, 15% bubble wrap, 15% plastic waste, 70% rags, and 20% bubble wrap, 20% plastic waste, 60% rags. The pillow's comfort was measured using a Linkert scale of 1-5. The results showed that the pillow measures 40cm. Recycling is a way to promote environmental care and awareness. Cooperation from educational agents, such as supervisors, leaders, and lecturers, is needed to increase students' environmental awareness. This includes examples of good environmental actions in daily routines, such as disposing of waste and implementing 3R practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Cone calorimeter and controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter experiments were conducted on various samples. The intent of the tests was to examine the behavior of uniform and composite samples in a range of thicknesses, irradiances, and oxygen concentrations. Single, uniform layers of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) were compared to a composite mix, comprising of ABS with a surface layer of cardboard and a secondary layer of polyethylene bubble wrap (intended to represent a potential storage arrangement). The horizontal samples have been tested at irradiances of 25 and 50 kW/m2 and oxygen concentrations of 20.95%, 17%, and 15% to examine a range of significant variables. Results for the uniform arrangement indicated various correlations, previously observed in the works of others, such as the relationships typically described between applied heat flux, ignitability, heat release rate and the effect of the introduction of hypoxic conditions. However, results were shown to change significantly when samples were arranged to feature composite layers. A hypothesized cause of the behavioral change, namely the soot and char residual introduced from the incomplete combustion of the cardboard layer, highlights further important variables that require consideration in material testing under hypoxic conditions. Such variables, namely specific material behaviors and sample orientation, must be sufficiently captured in the design methodologies of systems reliant upon the introduction of hypoxic conditions. It is concluded that sufficiently capturing a wider range of variables in burning materials under hypoxic conditions will introduce further design resilience and help optimize fire protection/prevention methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of insulating the limbs and thorax of cats with a combination of bubble wrap and an absorbent, plastic-lined pad in reducing heat loss during ovariohysterectomy. Methods: A preliminary study was performed to compare heat loss of 1 L bags of Hartmann's solution heated to 38°C which were either wrapped in two layers of bubble wrap and an absorbent pad (n = 6) or were unwrapped (n = 6). Bags were allowed to cool in a temperature-controlled room and the temperature of the bags was measured every 10 minutes for 60 minutes. The clinical study, included 16 intact female cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. The cats were premedicated with I/M morphine and either medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, and anaesthesia was induced with I/V propofol and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. Cats were randomly assigned to either the treatment group (n = 8) whose limbs and thorax wrapped with two layers of bubble wrap and an absorbent pad immediately after induction, or the control group (n = 8) which were unwrapped. Body temperature (measured with an oesophageal temperature probe), heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure and partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 were recorded immediately after induction (Tstart), before surgery started (Tsurgery), and at the end of isoflurane administration (Tend). The times from Tend to extubation, from Tend to when the cat could maintain sternal recumbency and from Tend to when the cat was able to stand, were also recorded. Results: In the preliminary study of heat loss by fluid bags, the mean temperature at 60 minutes was higher in wrapped bags (35.4 (SD 0.2)°C) compared to unwrapped bags (33.0 (SD 0.3)°C; p < 0.01). For cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy, mean body temperature of wrapped cats was higher than that of unwrapped cats both at Tsurgery (36.0 (SE 0.3) vs. 34.5 (SE 0.3)°C; p = 0.001) and at Tend (37.2 (SE 0.5) vs. 36.0 (SE 0.5)°C; p = 0.01). Wrapped cats regained the ability to stand more rapidly that unwrapped cats (26.4 (SE 5.8) vs. 47.0 (SE 5.8) minutes p = 0.01). Conclusions: Wrapping the limbs and thorax of cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy in a combination of bubble wrap and absorbent pads reduced heat loss, which in turn improved recovery time from general anaesthesia. Clinical relevance: This inexpensive and practical method may reduce perioperative hypothermia, in cats undergoing abdominal surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers deem gender a fundamental organizing principle of parenting. Men and women not only have distinct roles of fathers and mothers, but also perform those roles according to norms of masculinity and femininity. Recently, however, such distinctions are converging. Fathers are no longer the distant male breadwinner of the past; they are now aligned with stereotypically feminine traits of caring, gentleness, and involvement in the "new, nurturant" fatherhood. While cultural images abound, there is little understanding of how individuals themselves make sense of parenting. I explore such understanding using the case of infertility. To do so, I compare men's definitions of fatherhood to women's conceptions of motherhood, revealing the significance of gender to their meaning-making. Indeed, even with shifting social ideologies, important gender differences in parenting remain. Through interviews with white, high-income individuals in the US who are struggling with their reproduction (n = 43), I find that nurturing is at the center of women's understandings of motherhood in which self-sacrifice is prominent. In contrast, men distance themselves from this caretaker role by constructing their time spent with children in masculine ways. In other words, men leave the "nurturing" to women and have redefined the nurturant father to maintain parenting as gendered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work involves a solar water de-salting system with carbon impregnated foam (CIF) with bubble-wrap (BW) insulation for fresh water productivity enhancement. The said solar water de-salting system is single slope solar still (SSSS) of area 0.50 m 2 . Four identical SSSSs were constructed and the performance was evaluated in the same climatic conditions of Chennai (13.08°N latitude, 80.27°E longitude). The CIF of diameter 0.17 m and thickness of 0.015 m was allowed to float on the water surface. Since the CIF was open pore and hydrophilic, the floating absorbers acted as thermal storage and increased the evaporative surface area of the basin. The temperature distributions on the floating absorbers are investigated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The result shows that the simulation of temperature distribution has good agreement with experimentally recorded data. Three modes of operation were tested: (i) SSSS without insulation, (ii) SSSS with BW insulation and (iii) SSSS-CIF with BW insulation. The results were compared with a conventional solar still (CSS) with sawdust insulation. The climatic parameters like wind, ambient temperature, solar radiation and internal temperatures of the SSSS were measured at frequent intervals of time. The water quality tests were carried out and their results were compared with rain water samples. The results showed that the productivity of the SSSS without insulation, SSSS with BW insulation, SSSS-CIF with BW insulation and CSS with sawdust insulation are 1.9 l/m 2 /day, 2.3 l/m 2 /day, 3.1 l/m 2 /day and 2.2 l/m 2 /day, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucose is a typical marker of diabetes mellitus but it corresponds also with metabolic syndrome, immune disorders and some types of poisoning. Hence fast, low cost and simple method for its determination is required. Bubble wrap, cheap and available material, was used for immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) and peroxidase (POx), the enzymes necessary for colorimetric determination of glucose. Method is based on reaction of enzymes (immobilized in sol-gel membrane inside the bubbles) with substrates glucose and o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (o-PD) providing intensive coloration. The color change can be easily tracked by phone integrated camera. Color intensity expressed in red-green-blue (RGB) color model was used for displaying of photos and for gaining numeric data representing concentrations of glucose. The assay exerted good correlation of color intensity with the concentration of glucose, adequately low limit of detection (750 mmol/l) for glucose blood assay, no influence of interferents or matrix substances and by sufficient long term stability of sol-gel membrane. The sensor was found as low-cost simple way to analyze glucose blood levels with promising prospects in the field of portable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bubble wrap is used by various pre-hospital services around the world to package hypothermic casualties. While bubble wrap is widely available and at a low cost, it is unclear how effective it is when managing hypothermia. This article aims to review current evidence for the use of bubble wrap for the management of pre-hospital hypothermia. Using a structured search method, four publications were identified and then critically appraised. The evidence, while limited, suggests that bubble wrap is no more insulating than simple ambulance blankets. It was not as effective as specially designed rescue bags. However, it appears to provide an effective vapour-tight layer against evaporative heat loss. It is therefore proposed that bubble wrap is potentially useful when combined with further dry insulation, but further research is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the World more children die and are disabled from injury than illness and disease, despite the fact that we are living in a society that is perceived to be safer than it has ever been. Environment and product modification means we have safer cars, homes, workplaces and play areas. Legislation and policy approaches have been introduced to regulate and enforce safe practices. However, in some cases this has brought about an over regulated and over protective societal change. Experiences and tasks once enjoyed by children are now often regarded as dangerous and irresponsible. The freedom of children to experience life in a way that allows them to develop competencies they need to become competent risk managers can be been hampered by over regulation of governing bodies and over protective practices of parents and caregivers, creating a bubble-wrapped generation in some communities. This paper captures an approach where child safety is reconceptualised by introducing a cultural-historical informed safety risk assessment model pushing against the current trend towards bubble-wrapped solutions to childhood injury prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates that the gas-filled compartments in the packing material commonly called "bubble wrap" can be repurposed in resource-limited regions as containers to store liquid samples, and to perform bioanalyses. The bubbles of bubble wrap are easily filled by injecting the samples into them using a syringe with a needle or a pipet tip, and then sealing the hole with nail hardener. The bubbles are transparent in the visible range of the spectrum, and can be used as "cuvettes" for absorbance and fluorescence measurements. The interiors of these bubbles are sterile and allow storage of samples without the need for expensive sterilization equipment. The bubbles are also permeable to gases, and can be used to culture and store micro-organisms. By incorporating carbon electrodes, these bubbles can be used as electrochemical cells. This paper demonstrates the capabilities of the bubbles by culturing E. coli, growing C. elegans, measuring glucose and hemoglobin spectrophotometrically, and measuring ferrocyanide electrochemically, all within the bubbles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foams or bubble dispersions are common to milkshakes, bread, champagne froth, shaving mousse, shampoo, crude oil extraction systems, upholstery packing and bubble wrap, whereas the term droplet is often synonymous with either a small drop of water or a drop of oil - a type of coarse dispersion. The latter are seen in butter and milk, household paint, nicotine patches and medical ointments or creams. The two most common types of coarse dispersion (emulsions and foams) are constituted from nanoparticles or nanostructures. The zone joining the dispersed spheroids is known as at h in liquid film or TLF. The science of dispersions sits squarely in the subject area of nanotechnology or colloid science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The robustness of the phase retrieval methods is of critical importance for limiting and reducing radiation doses involved in x-ray phase contrast imaging. This work is to compare the robustness of two phase retrieval methods by analyzing the phase maps retrieved from the experimental images of a phantom. Methods: Two phase retrieval methods were compared. One method is based on the transport of intensity equation (TIE) for phase contrast projections, and the TIE-based method is the most commonly used method for phase retrieval in the literature. The other is the recently developed attenuation-partition based (AP-based) phase retrieval method. The authors applied these two methods to experimental projection images of an air-bubble wrap phantom for retrieving the phase map of the bubble wrap. The retrieved phase maps obtained by using the two methods are compared. Results: In the wrap's phase map retrieved by using the TIE-based method, no bubble is recognizable, hence, this method failed completely for phase retrieval from these bubble wrap images. Even with the help of the Tikhonov regularization, the bubbles are still hardly visible and buried in the cluttered background in the retrieved phase map. The retrieved phase values with this method are grossly erroneous. In contrast, in the wrap's phase map retrieved by using the AP-based method, the bubbles are clearly recovered. The retrieved phase values with the AP-based method are reasonably close to the estimate based on the thickness-based measurement. The authors traced these stark performance differences of the two methods to their different techniques employed to deal with the singularity problem involved in the phase retrievals. Conclusions: This comparison shows that the conventional TIE-based phase retrieval method, regardless if Tikhonov regularization is used or not, is unstable against the noise in the wrap's projection images, while the AP-based phase retrieval method is shown in these experiments to be superior to the TIE-based method for the robustness in performing the phase retrieval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study comparing the thermal insulating effects and comfort of bubble wrap, ambulance blankets/quilts, and Hibler's method, a lowcost method combining a plastic outer layer with an insulating layer. It has been demonstrated in this study that a combination of vapour tight layer and an additional dry insulating layer is the most efficient wrapping method to prevent heat loss.

In this paper, we studied the use of polyethylene bubble wrap and corrugated cardboard bark traps to sample spiders inhabiting tree trunks, with special reference to test whether they function the same way despite the differences in the spider community imposed by the different tree species and surroundings and times of sampling. The survey was carried out from July 1997 to July 1998 in Turin, Italy, in a green urban area on three poplars and four American basswoods. Differences between the two methods were tested in terms of abundance, diversity, dominance, mean body length of specimens, and proportion of juveniles, calculating Spearman's correlations. Three-factor analysis of variance, multiresponse permutation procedure, and indicator species analysis were used for further analysis. Results obtained by the two traps were correlated following a similar trend over sampling time. Bubble polyethylene seemed to be more effective than corrugated cardboard at trapping higher number of specimens. The dimension and total amount of interstices and the different microhabitat conditions of temperature and humidity seemed to be the main factors influencing spider composition in terms of the selected variables. On the basis of our results, polyethylene bark traps are recommended for sampling spiders living on trees. It is important to consider seasonality in experimental design, autumn being the period with the highest abundance of spiders but a lower level of diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a previous study@ quantitative measurement of nonlinear scattering revealed some quantitative discrepancies with a model for ultrasound scattering by a population ensemble of microbubbles. This study is designed to investigate the effect of the shell on single-pulse scattering by a population of contrast microbubbles. Nonlinear scattering was measured shortly (15 µs) after exposure to a previous ultrasound pulse with variable intensity. The short time delay eliminated the influence of gas diffusion and focused the study on the consequence of ultrasound exposure. The results suggest that single-pulse scattering is dependent on the disruption properties of the bubble shell and confirm the significance of the shell properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]