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With societal progress, urban brownfields have become restrictive, and redevelopment studies have become an important part of urban renewal. In this work, we developed a two-step model for urban brownfield redevelopment, while considering the Wangping brownfield as the study area. Site suitability evaluation models for brownfield parks, agricultural picking gardens, and creative industrial centers were developed based on the elevation, slope, and surface runoff, and the evaluation results were categorized into five levels. The redevelopment plan was formulated based on these evaluation results. To study the effect of the plan, a transition matrix of land use was assessed using satellite images and the cellular automata (CA)–Markov model; based on the analysis, we predicted the land use situation of the Wangping brownfield, with respect to natural development, for 2030. A comparison of the redevelopment planning with the forecasted results revealed that the proportions of grassland, construction, and unused land decreased by 25.68, 3.12, and 2.38% and those of plowland and forest land increased by 6.61 and 24.57%. This confirms the advantages of redevelopment planning for restoring plowland and increasing biological carbon sinks. Notably, our two-step urban brownfield redevelopment model can enrich the current research on urban brownfields and guide similar urban renewal projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The redevelopment of brownfield sites, partic­ularly in the Eastern European contexts, presents unique challenges and opportunities, as exempli­fied by the case study of Reșița, Romania. This paper delves into the historical evolution of Reșița, a city with a rich industrial heritage dating back to the 18th century and examines the necessity of ur­ban regeneration following the decline of traditional industries. The study highlights the critical role of public administration in facilitating the transforma­tion of abandoned industrial areas into economically and socially productive urban spaces. Drawing on a comprehensive review of relevant literature and the analysis of Reșița’s redevelopment strategies, this research underscores the importance of adaptive approaches to urban planning, tailored to the spe­cific socio-economic and environmental contexts of post-industrial cities.The findings suggest that successful brownfield redevelopment not only addresses environmental contamination but also catalyzes broader urban re­vitalization, contributing to sustainable urban growth and improved quality of life. The case of Reșița of­fers valuable insights for other municipalities in Ro­mania and beyond, emphasizing the significance of strategic public-private partnerships and community engagement in the regeneration process.

Based in interviews as well as analysis of planning documents and media coverage, this article scrutinizes the role of property in urban morphology by tracing two decades of attempts to redevelop Norra Sorgenfri, a partly deindustrialized area almost at the topographic centre of Malmö, Sweden. In this city, urban redevelopment projects are centrally placed within a hegemonic story of Malmö as shedding its industrial past to become a sustainability forerunner. This was the story that Norra Sorgenfri was inserted into, with initial visions underlining its potential as an exciting extension of the inner city. But in targeting this 45 ha piece of land, Malmö also planned to transform a landscape subdivided into a complex pattern of mostly private properties alongside some scattered lots of municipally owned land. Scrutinizing property in Norra Sorgenfri and how particular property owners have reacted to redevelopment efforts, we centre on the significance of this lack of municipal land. Rather than merely asserting that property matters, we thus strive to trace how property matters, to planners striving to realize visions for a future Malmö, to different land-owners in the area, to the unhoused seeking refuge on post-industrial land, and to the authorities tasked with removing them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consideration of the future fate of brownfields in urban environments has driven a complex 'season' of decisions, planning, and implementation that has seen the emergence of different approaches and actions for their reuse. Among the various experiences of brownfield redevelopment, some projects have also promoted the partial renaturalisation of areas through soil desealing and demolition of existing buildings. These greening initiatives have provided new public facilities, e.g., parks and green areas, helping to improve the conditions of urban environments both from ecological and social perspectives. This article adopts ex ante and ex post methods to analyse two Italian case studies of brownfield regeneration involving desealing interventions and investigates two key aspects: (i) the planning process and tools that were put in place to implement the projects and (ii) the impacts for human wellbeing that were produced in terms of cooling effects. The analyses conducted show the real effectiveness of renaturation interventions especially related to reforestation measures in terms of temperature reduction. The examination of the two case studies also revealed the importance and potential success of traditional planning and implementation tools in promoting interventions that can now be considered innovative in terms of their actual contribution to current urban challenges. The results therefore allow us to emphasize the fundamental importance of the philosophy and basic principles of a transformation process, even guided by traditional planning tools, for the improvement of the environmental conditions of an urban context and the successful implementation of nature-based solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With societal progress, urban brownfields have become restrictive, and redevelopment studies have become an important part of urban renewal. In this work, we developed a two-step model for urban brownfield redevelopment, while considering the Wangping brownfield as the study area. Site suitability evaluation models for brownfield parks, agricultural picking gardens, and creative industrial centers were developed based on the elevation, slope, and surface runoff, and the evaluation results were categorized into five levels. The redevelopment plan was formulated based on these evaluation results. To study the effect of the plan, a transition matrix of land use was assessed using satellite images and the cellular automata (CA)–Markov model; based on the analysis, we predicted the land use situation of the Wangping brownfield, with respect to natural development, for 2030. A comparison of the redevelopment planning with the forecasted results revealed that the proportions of grassland, construction, and unused land decreased by 25.68, 3.12, and 2.38% and those of plowland and forest land increased by 6.61 and 24.57%. This confirms the advantages of redevelopment planning for restoring plowland and increasing biological carbon sinks. Notably, our two-step urban brownfield redevelopment model can enrich the current research on urban brownfields and guide similar urban renewal projects.

The American Behavioral Scientist (ABS) was one of the first significant journals to publish a special issue on environmental justice (EJ). The influential volume, published in 2000, bore the title Advances in EJ: Research, Theory, and Methodology. The volume contained classic EJ theoretical essays such as Taylor's "The rise of the EJ paradigm" and Pellow's "Environmental inequality formation." ABS has published other influential EJ scholarship since then. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities in the United States (U.S.) are increasingly developing sustainability initiatives to improve local economies while addressing environmental concerns. Since 1990, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Brownfield Revitalization Program has encouraged the remediation of postindustrial sites to create new areas for real estate development. However, previous research demonstrates that industrial areas are more likely to be in predominantly poor and racial/ethnic minority communities. A central argument favoring redevelopment is that remediation helps mitigate environmental inequality and achieve environmental justice for aggrieved communities. Still, very little research examines if and how these communities benefit from these changes. This article examines this question by reviewing the related literature and applying insights to a quasi-experimental analysis of brownfield redevelopment's impact on racial/ethnic composition and income levels of neighborhoods. Publicly available data were acquired from the EPA Cleanups in My Community data portal and the 5-Year American Community Survey—released annually from 2006 to 2015—to examine demographic changes in neighborhoods where brownfield redevelopment occurred. The study implements a difference-in-differences model using two-way fixed effects regression models on a panel data set of 4,740 census tracts in 48 contiguous U.S. states (or Lower 48 states). This study's findings suggest that wealthier White and Latino populations are more likely to benefit from brownfield redevelopment than Black populations in affected neighborhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental legislation promotes citizen participation in the environmental review process through public hearings, community meetings, and advisory groups. However, environmental justice literature advocates higher levels of grassroots citizen empowerment through education and involvement in the decision-making process. Numerous research studies indicated that although the federal government supports community involvement in environmental restoration projects, such involvement has never been implemented to its fullest potential. This case study examines citizen participation and empowerment in the environmental review process in the redevelopment of three brownfields in underserved neighborhoods in downtown Birmingham, Alabama. This study quantifies empowerment leveraging Arnstein's ladder of participation in a novel approach. Utilizing a survey questionnaire, this analysis was conducted in three ways: a comparison of actual citizen participation methods used in the process with those providing a higher level of empowerment; compilation of open-ended responses of citizen dissatisfaction with the environmental review process; and utilizing Arnstein's Ladder to measure perceived levels of empowerment of citizen, public official, and developer stakeholders. Findings suggest that the types of participation methods used were at lower levels of citizen empowerment removed from decision-making; in responses to open-ended questions, citizens expressed shortcomings in the participatory process compared with their opinion on how it should be conducted, and perceived levels of empowerment differed among the categories of stakeholders. Citizens reported perceptions of empowerment at levels of tokenism removed from decision-making, while developers and public officials reported higher levels of empowerment. This study concludes that more innovative citizen participation techniques, university/community partnerships, and collaborative compact models are needed for more equitable participation. Statement of Problem —The purpose of this case study is to analyze how well citizen participation in the environmental review process as specified by legislation corresponds to normative guidelines prescribed in the environmental justice literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A choice experiment was used to assess the preferences and willingness to pay for tangible and intangible industrial heritage. • The case study is the Baosteel steel factory, an industrial brownfield in Shanghai planned to be transformed into an arts and entertainment hub. • The results show that individuals tend to support selective rather than extensive preservation of physical attributes of the industrial sites. • Findings show there exist a demand for preserving and transmitting the intangible heritage of industrial culture along with adaptive reuse of the industrial sites. Industrial heritage has in recent years become an important component in land use and urban development policies. Yet, assessing the economic value associated with the preservation and reuse of industrial complexes remains an open question. In this paper, we apply a discrete choice experiment (DCE) method to assess the economic valuation of the Baosteel steel factory, an industrial brownfield in Shanghai planned to be transformed into an arts and entertainment hub. By eliciting the preferences of locals for the preservation and reuse of distinct attributes of the site, our findings suggest that the preservation of significant landmarks and the intangible component of the industrial site are the two most relevant attributes worth protection. Moreover, we add evidence on the relationship between respondents' economic preferences and their attitude toward the cultural value conveyed by industrial heritage by showing how distinct groups of respondents express different preferences for single attributes of the industrial heritage. The paper contributes to the heritage valuation literature by illustrating the implications and challenges of assessing the demand for industrial heritage rehabilitation projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brownfield redevelopment and land sustainable management have many interconnected aspects, which could be evaluated by regional development. Most contaminated sites in Taiwan often lack comprehensive consideration during remediation for land reuse planning; therefore, they are operated independently from regional development. Regional development is a dynamic process; however, there is a research gap in understanding how regional development can serve as an incentive for brownfield redevelopment. This study established a model for assessing regional sustainability using machine learning (ML-RSD), that model used principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) to predict the comprehensive evaluation rating of regional development at the township level and to explore the trends of regional governance sustainability. The results of ML-RSD that are compared to commonly used methods (driver-pressure-state-impact-response and entropy weight method) were consistent. Indicators such as the protection of vulnerable groups (SDG1), food security (SDG2), good health and well-being (SDG3), inclusive and equitable quality education (SDG4), environmental protection (SDG6), accessible and reliable energy (SDG7), and sustainable economic growth (SDG8) were identified as the main factors affecting regional development. Additionally, the model achieved an accuracy value exceeding 80%. Additionally, the results showed that there was no significant correlation between the delisted site (completed remediation) and regional development in southern Taiwan. The model underscored the overall lower comprehensive sustainable values for regions affected by inadequate land rehabilitation governance (SDG15). The results present that brownfield redevelopment strategies should enhance their effectiveness in land adaptation and integrating brownfield redevelopment with regional sustainable development is essential for it to become a win–win solution.

Consideration of the future fate of brownfields in urban environments has driven a complex ‘season’ of decisions, planning, and implementation that has seen the emergence of different approaches and actions for their reuse. Among the various experiences of brownfield redevelopment, some projects have also promoted the partial renaturalisation of areas through soil desealing and demolition of existing buildings. These greening initiatives have provided new public facilities, e.g., parks and green areas, helping to improve the conditions of urban environments both from ecological and social perspectives. This article adopts ex ante and ex post methods to analyse two Italian case studies of brownfield regeneration involving desealing interventions and investigates two key aspects: (i) the planning process and tools that were put in place to implement the projects and (ii) the impacts for human wellbeing that were produced in terms of cooling effects. The analyses conducted show the real effectiveness of renaturation interventions especially related to reforestation measures in terms of temperature reduction. The examination of the two case studies also revealed the importance and potential success of traditional planning and implementation tools in promoting interventions that can now be considered innovative in terms of their actual contribution to current urban challenges. The results therefore allow us to emphasize the fundamental importance of the philosophy and basic principles of a transformation process, even guided by traditional planning tools, for the improvement of the environmental conditions of an urban context and the successful implementation of nature-based solutions.

The redevelopment of brownfield sites, particularly in the Eastern European contexts, presents unique challenges and opportunities, as exemplified by the case study of Reșița, Romania. This paper delves into the historical evolution of Reșița, a city with a rich industrial heritage dating back to the 18th century and examines the necessity of urban regeneration following the decline of traditional industries. The study highlights the critical role of public administration in facilitating the transformation of abandoned industrial areas into economically and socially productive urban spaces. Drawing on a comprehensive review of relevant literature and the analysis of Reșița’s redevelopment strategies, this research underscores the importance of adaptive approaches to urban planning, tailored to the specific socio-economic and environmental contexts of post-industrial cities. The findings suggest that successful brownfield redevelopment not only addresses environmental contamination but also catalyzes broader urban revitalization, contributing to sustainable urban growth and improved quality of life. The case of Reșița offers valuable insights for other municipalities in Romania and beyond, emphasizing the significance of strategic public-private partnerships and community engagement in the regeneration process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike most brownfields located in the urban center, there is a kind of special brownfields produced in the Third Front Construction (TFC) period of China, and in turn they are named the Third Front Brownfield (TFB) in this paper. In addition to commercial value, other values should also be considered when TFBs are redeveloped, which makes they may need a specific protective reuse way and their revitalization process is relatively slower. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the redevelopment mode of TFBs. Accordingly, this paper presents a redevelopment mode selection framework to support stakeholders' investment decision-making and facilitate the reuse of TFBs. First, a previous case base including two sets is developed to conduct experience mining. In specific, an attribute set and a TFB redevelopment mode set of previous successful cases are established through literatures and expert interviews. Second, the weights of abovementioned attributes are determined by using the G1 method. Third, a concept of matching rate is defined based on the Attribute Similarity Model (ASM) to search the similarity between the new TFB and previous cases so that stakeholders can get advice on the redevelopment of the new TFB. A case study is conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed framework and some policy suggestions are made according to the study process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small and medium-sized industrial towns in the Alpine area are often peripheral and degraded. These areas have also experienced declines in population and business opportunities as well as substantial environmental remediation costs, and they have undergone complex transformations. This research investigates what options towns with Alpine industrial brownfields have for redevelopment, what support is offered by the European Union, and how much development potential is fully valorized in this way. The evaluation was undertaken using four case studies of peripheral regions in four Alpine countries: Austria, France, Italy, and Slovenia. The results reveal that brownfields are not sufficiently covered by current EU policies, and that financial incentives are spread among several resources and, consequently, are difficult to absorb. In addition, the regions in question do not possess the required knowledge or capacity (both individually and collectively) to obtain the funds needed to turn their ideas into successful redevelopment stories.

Although there has been a large amount of study into the future of post-industrial site, there have been few efforts to synthesize and connect this research. This paper presents a systematic review of the international literature on the redevelopment trajectories of post-industrial land. Its aim is to consolidate existing knowledge, identify gaps and provide a solid basis for future research. We will answer the following questions: (i) what are the trends in research into the redevelopment of post-industrial sites? (ii) what factors influence their redevelopment trajectories? and (iii) how do these factors interact? To understand this, we conducted a systematic literature review, based on 71 carefully selected articles published between 2002 and 2021. Using a methodology combining statistics and content analysis, we noted an increase in research on this subject in the mid-2010s. We also observed that monocase studies were the most common, and that the most studied fields were on the Asian continent. Furthermore, we identified three main approaches: the industrial heritage approach; the brownfield approach; and the governance approach. We conclude by identifying gaps in current research trends and new research perspectives. • Systematic review method to highlight trends. • Three main research trends: industrial heritage, brownfield and governance. • Trajectories studies need to simultaneously consider actors, space and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Urban intensification seems to be a growing trend, especially in the context of severe land scarcity. Brownfields offer great potential in meeting the increasing demand for housing in major cities worldwide. Redevelopment projects appear to provide immediate solutions to housing shortages that are being experienced due to population pressures in large metropolitan areas. The paper explores the range of factors that property developers need to consider in their decision-making process when assessing the viability of brownfield redevelopments. This research, which employed a comparative case study approach, and examined two brownfield redevelopments in Auckland, focused on the economic, social, and environmental criteria that were utilised in the decision-making process. Document analysis of the two case studies, site observations, and semi-structured interviews with the property developers were the main data collection methods. The results suggested that the economic aspects of a brownfield redevelopment are the most important criteria that developers consider during the feasibility assessment of proposed projects. Projects that offer the potential for quick investment returns for all stakeholders are the preferred choice for developers. Brownfield redevelopments offer significant potential for invigorating local areas through urban intensification which boosts local businesses and encourages community revitalisation. The environmental concerns appear to be the lowest priority and little consideration is given to reducing the environmental impacts or incorporating green building practices in the new developments. A major shift from a purely economic focus toward a comprehensive environmental approach to new developments is needed to ensure the sustainable development of cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current research we aim to analyse the public redevelopment projects financed in Hungary from the Territorial and Settlement Development OP between 2014 and 2020, with special focus on cultural use. Brownfield redevelopment is a major topic in an urban development context from an urban sustainability, circularity, and creative urban/regional development point of view. Within the examined period, 39% of the brownfield redevelopment projects have cultural ties. A detailed introduction of the cases highlights the importance of landscape-oriented spatial strategies, temporary use, and mixed land use options in redevelopment for long-term viability. The original function of redevelopment projects encompasses a wide range. We could find industrial brownfields from the 19th century to agro-food facilities from the soviet era, which proves that the allocation of ERDF funds for brownfield redevelopments helped the rehabilitation of those sites which are important in showcasing Hungarian history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, industries were in harbour areas of cities for easy access to transportation of resources. Today, transforming former industrial areas into living spaces has become an attractive business. However, this transformation has often been challenged by high levels of soil contamination caused by the industrial use. Remediation measures are mandatory to ensure the public safety in the redeveloped areas. Detailed information about the contaminant type, distribution, and transport mechanisms is required to address the contamination issues. This paper suggests a workflow for investigations assisting decision making for construction work in redeveloped industrial areas. The workflow is applied to Horsens harbour (Denmark). In this area, renovation of the harbour walls introduces the risk of spreading of contamination to planned construction areas. The study demonstrates how detailed hydrogeological information about the site allows for scenario modelling of contaminant transport, guiding remediation efforts and aiding decision makers in developing the harbour area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The ML-RSD model mitigates subjective judgment when assessing regional sustainability and drawing the brownfield redevelopment strategies. • This model employs machine learning algorithms to predict comprehensive evaluation ratings for regional development. • The primary drivers of sustainable development at the regional level encompass SDG1, SDG2, SDG3, SDG4, SDG6, SDG7, and SDG8. Brownfield redevelopment and land sustainable management have many interconnected aspects, which could be evaluated by regional development. Most contaminated sites in Taiwan often lack comprehensive consideration during remediation for land reuse planning; therefore, they are operated independently from regional development. Regional development is a dynamic process; however, there is a research gap in understanding how regional development can serve as an incentive for brownfield redevelopment. This study established a model for assessing regional sustainability using machine learning (ML-RSD), that model used principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) to predict the comprehensive evaluation rating of regional development at the township level and to explore the trends of regional governance sustainability. The results of ML-RSD that are compared to commonly used methods (driver-pressure-state-impact-response and entropy weight method) were consistent. Indicators such as the protection of vulnerable groups (SDG1), food security (SDG2), good health and well-being (SDG3), inclusive and equitable quality education (SDG4), environmental protection (SDG6), accessible and reliable energy (SDG7), and sustainable economic growth (SDG8) were identified as the main factors affecting regional development. Additionally, the model achieved an accuracy value exceeding 80%. Additionally, the results showed that there was no significant correlation between the delisted site (completed remediation) and regional development in southern Taiwan. The model underscored the overall lower comprehensive sustainable values for regions affected by inadequate land rehabilitation governance (SDG15). The results present that brownfield redevelopment strategies should enhance their effectiveness in land adaptation and integrating brownfield redevelopment with regional sustainable development is essential for it to become a win–win solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities have long been subject to urban containment policies against urban sprawl. Climate change concerns have recently added to the imperative to densify urban space. Urban compaction is often pursued through the creation of 'exemplar' urban developments that superficially implement 'best practice' ideas from elsewhere. In this paper, we abandon the notion of 'best practice' in favour of context-sensitive 'good practices'. Taking London's King's Cross redevelopment as a case study, this paper draws on qualitative methods to examine the contribution of context and path-dependency, as a product of local and non-local forces, to the emergence of King´s Cross as 'good practice'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban brownfield redevelopment has become a major issue for urban planning and policy in China, because of the rapid upgrading and innovation of large cities. Redevelopment has substantial social impacts, including uncertain policies, land underutilization, ownership, and economic issues. However, redevelopment also offers great potential value for brownfield redevelopment, including the provisioning, supporting, regulating, and cultural ecosystem services it provides. Here, five types of brownfield in Changsha, China, were selected through a comprehensive survey. We argue that there is a linkage (a nexus) between the ecosystem services provided. We developed a matrix approach that links the aesthetic characteristics related to brownfield redevelopment with ecological characteristics. The purpose was to evaluate the relationship of landscape aesthetic/ecological characteristics. Correlation analysis showed that community level richness (C2), plant community structure (C3), and overall environmental coordination (C7) were highly correlated with general objectives. Furthermore, C2 and soil physical and chemical properties were highly correlated with ecological characteristics. Plant species diversity, C3, C7, morphological texture, and plant arrangement harmony were highly correlated with aesthetic characteristics. Considering the nexus between aesthetic and ecological characteristics, including plant species diversity, proportion of native plants, color matching harmony, and plant arrangement harmony can benefit planning policy in brownfield redevelopment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concomitantly with China's rise as the manufacturing hub of the world as the 20th Century faded and the Western countries witnessed industrial restructuring, brownfields emerged as an urban problem in city regions, prompting research into how to achieve brownfield redevelopment. More recently, as the global economy diversified, brownfields, and demand for redevelopment have entered the scene of urban development in China, also becoming a research field. This paper reviews international peer reviewed scientific journals on brownfield redevelopment in China, with a focus on social science approaches. Utilizing a previous review of research on OECD countries, this paper indicates similarities and differences between China and Europe and North America in terms of brownfield redevelopment. The comparison shows that research on China is catching up with the international state-of-the-art literature, addressing topics related to pollution; land use and property development; land financing, property and economics; governance, state-market interactions and private–public partnerships; and decision-making systems. Especially, the focus on user rights versus property ownership appears important for international comparative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the backdrop of industrial structure adjustment and scarce land resources, China has experienced a sharp rise in the number of real estate projects developed on industrial brownfields (REDIB). To date, several new policies and projects have been developed for such real estate. Although their success depends on public acceptance, there is little quantitative research on whether the public is willing to support these projects. This study extends the standard theory of planned behavior (TPB) model by including trust and risk perception to determine which factors influence REDIB purchase intention and provide a basis for policy formulation and redevelopment strategies. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze 338 valid survey responses from Chinese residents. The empirical results show that in the original TPB model, consumer attitude is the main factor affecting intention to acquire; interestingly, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are not significant. In addition, expanding the theory of planned behavior using risk perception and trust as additional features significantly improves the interpretability of the standard model. These findings provide important insights for understanding purchase intention regarding real estate projects developed on industrial brownfields. Policy recommendations and strategies for further industrial brownfield redevelopment are proposed based on our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the potential of reducing negative outcomes of brownfields on environment and contribution to urban sustainability, brownfield redevelopment (BR) gained considerable recognition in the more recent era. Comprehensive literature shows that many studies proposed strategies to promote BR in developed nations; however, studies focusing on developing economies are scarce. Therefore, this study intends to identify significant strategies to promote BR in developing countries by taking the case of Pakistan. A comprehensive literature review and expert opinion were commenced to identify potential strategies. Data were collected from the main stakeholders involved in BR process through an empirical questionnaire. The findings revealed that "Low-interest loans and subsidies with the collaboration of government and financial institutions," "Standardized definition, guidelines, and simplified brownfield process," "Development of technical and infrastructure support," "Create investors interest," "Strengthening remediation technologies R&D" were the five most important strategies to promote BR in Pakistan. Theoretically, the novelty of the current study is to highlight the key strategies to promote BR in developing countries. Practically, the study facilitates governments, urban policymakers, environmentalists, and stakeholders to propose and implement appropriate strategies for promoting BR. Future studies can consider modeling the interactions between strategies and their impact on BR adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Redevelopment of urban brownfields sites is important as a means of limiting urban sprawl, making more efficient use of infrastructure, and preventing urban decay. Uncertainty on risks and responsibilities for remediation are often cited as reasons for these sites lying fallow; however, there is a scarcity of literature on brownfields in southern Africa. Using global literature, nine factors are identified as the main determining features of successful redevelopment. Documentary sources allow for an evaluation of three sites in Johannesburg, namely Newtown, Egoli Gas, and Modderfontien. These case studies are then compared to the global literature to determine whether the same factors apply. The main findings of this study are that a high level of contamination, uncertainty on liability for clean-up, poor market conditions at the time of redevelopment, lack of alignment of public and private sector values and uncertainty about funding contribute to a lack of success in the redevelopment of brownfield sites in Johannesburg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban planners increasingly perceive Brownfield redevelopment (BFR) as a strategic priority. BFR not only allows suppressing some of the nuisances caused by derelict and contaminated lands, it also contributes to revitalizing dense urban areas and preventing the undesired effects of urban sprawl. This literature review analyzes how economists have contributed to removing some of the barriers that prevent or restrict BFR. A first contribution was to demonstrate the economic benefits of BFR. Economists also contributed to the development of multidisciplinary decision support tools used to rank BFR projects in terms of long‐term sustainability and social welfare. They contributed to the design of institutional arrangements, including regulatory and economic instruments, that can facilitate the engagement of stakeholders in BFR projects. Our literature search combines the use of a standard and a systematic literature review to identify relevant papers scattered in very diverse publications. We show that there is significant scope for better integration of economic analysis within the multidisciplinary mainstream of BFR literature and provide pathways for future research. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:184–196. © 2019 SETAC KEY POINTS: Both standard and systematic approaches were used to find relevant literature including economic analysis applied to brownfield redevelopment (BFR) domains.There is significant scope for improving the integration of economic analysis within the multidisciplinary mainstream of BFR literature.Major contributions of economics on the domain include monetary valuation of the benefits of BFR; cost–benefit and cost‐effectiveness analyses of the economic desirability of projects; and institutional assessments of the impacts of taxes, incentives, and regulations on stakeholder's behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a multitude of contaminated brownfields awaiting redevelopment, gaining insight into residents' perceptions of these sites is paramount. This study addresses this gap by investigating factors underlying dissatisfaction with contaminated brownfield redevelopment in France. To this purpose, we conducted in 2015 a survey among 803 French individuals living in municipalities impacted by at least one contaminated brownfield site. We collected data on the following topics: risk perceptions and risk experience regarding soil contamination, preferences regarding brownfield redevelopment projects and socio-demographic characteristics. Nearly 80 % of the surveyed individual's express dissatisfaction with contaminated brownfield redevelopment policies in France. Using logistic regressions, we explain dissatisfaction regarding contaminated brownfield redevelopment. Our results show the regions of residence considering the number of contaminated brownfield sites is significantly and positively correlated with individuals' dissatisfaction. Dissatisfaction is also correlated with risk perception of soil contamination, brownfield, and awareness of brownfield site in the nearby environment of living. Individuals perceive the risk of soil pollution in their municipality as high (scoring 7). This level of concern is positively correlated with the dissatisfaction expressed towards brownfield redevelopment policies. Individuals who tend to mistrust State government are not willing to be involved in brownfield redevelopment projects and to use remediated facilities on formerly contaminated brownfields. This raises issues regarding ways to reduce the stigma effect related to contaminated brownfield. • Logistic regression on 803 French individuals reveals brownfield dissatisfaction factors. • Individuals living in former industrial regions express more dissatisfaction. • Limited knowledge on soil contamination exacerbates dissatisfaction. • Growing dissatisfaction with contaminated brownfields fuels mistrust in government. • Dissatisfied individuals are not willing to use remediated facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Flexible land management that allows risk-based remediation approaches can increase local financial assistance in brownfield development investments. The evaluation of brownfields investment has always been mired in uncertainty because of the complexity of contamination and land policy. To clarify the uncertainty in investment costs resulting from a flexible risk-based land management, this research analyzes the uncertainty of remediation costs (I r) and damaged land value (I p). Sizable statistical data for 30,000 abandoned factories in Taiwan are used to derive the uncertainty of investment cost. The results show that the range and value of the uncertainty of I p is more than I r because the present land value and the change in flexible land management are the main sensitivity factors. The saved investment costs at the 90% confidence interval ranges five orders of magnitude. Moreover, investors could have saved approximately 5.74E+13 USD resulting from I p and I r. The study's two major findings with regard to investment risk in brownfield redevelopment are: (1) an explanation of the extent to which investment costs are to be reduced for investors by adjusting remediation goals depending on different land types; (2) characterization of the uncertainty of brownfields in the real investment market for brownfield redevelopment. Highlights • The uncertainty of brownfield investment cost is presented. • Remediation goals and damaged land value are linked under flexible land management. • The impacts of remediation goals and land uses on brownfield investment are assessed. • The uncertainty in real investment market is identified by land-use transfer type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Due to the scarcity of land for urban development, Brownfield Redevelopment (BR) is considered a sustainable urban land tool in developed countries, but its adoption in developing countries remains in its infancy. Barriers impeding BR need to be investigated in detail. However, few studies have analyzed barriers to BR in developing countries. This study aims to analyze the critical barriers to BR in Pakistan by using a two-stage methodology including the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Initially, 41 barriers were identified through a comprehensive literature review. FDM screened out 33 barriers through expert opinion. Survey questionnaires were sent to major stakeholders involved in the BR process. Finally, valid responses were analyzed using SEM to verify and rank the most critical barriers. Study results indicated 26 critical barriers. The top five critical barriers were lack of policy incentives, the complexity of public-private partnerships, lack of professional and technical personnel, the conflict between stakeholders, and lack of awareness of environmental law. A comparative analysis of barriers to BR in Pakistan and other countries including the USA, Canada, the UK, Germany, and China showed that critical barriers vary by country. Furthermore, factor analysis results extracted five major categories for 26 critical barriers, including political and legal barriers, financial and economic barriers, technical and operational barriers, management system barriers, and environmental barriers. The most dominant barrier category was technical and operational barriers, impeding BR in Pakistan. This study creates value in the BR literature by identifying the most critical barriers to BR in a developing country. It could support practitioners and land use policy makers in developing appropriate strategies to promote BR. Highlights • A comprehensive literature review is compiled on barriers to brownfield redevelopment. • A novel framework is developed to identify the critical barriers to brownfield redevelopment in developing countries. • The two-stage solution methodology consists of the Fuzzy Delphi Method and Structural Equation Modeling. • A novel framework is described with a case study of a developing country, Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital tools, particularly specialised decision support systems (DSSs), can be utilized to assist in the complex process of brownfield redevelopment. Existing brownfield DSSs typically focus on site-specific, late-stage applications, and socioeconomic factors are often overlooked. In this paper, we present a novel DSS aimed at providing support for early-stage, city region-scale brownfield land use planning and redevelopment. The proposed DSS is a prototype WebGIS application that enables land use planners and other brownfield regeneration professionals to examine a region and a set of sites during the initial planning phase for brownfield redevelopment. The DSS includes three bespoke modules comprising: (1) Land Use Potential (residential, commercial, and public open space), (2) risks posed by contamination and geotechnical hazards, (3) data pertinent to brownfield economic viability assessments. We outline a use case for this DSS, developed through comprehensive user-requirements gathering, and subsequently describe the techniques employed to construct the DSS modules and user interface. Finally, we present the results of user testing, wherein case-study stakeholders assessed the DSS. The feedback obtained during user testing aided in the identification of areas for improvement with regard to the functionality, usability, and effectiveness of the DSS in supporting decision-makers. The feedback was utilized to implement iterative improvements to the DSS and to plan future developments for the prototype DSS. • A novel DSS for sustainable brownfield planning and development is presented. • Development of the DSS ensured comprehensive stakeholder involvement throughout. • The DSS is modular and assesses land use, ground risk, and economics simultaneously. • User testing indicates that the DSS has a high degree of usability and impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature-based solutions (NbS) are increasingly recognized as a sustainable alternative to conventional remediation for brownfield redevelopment. One of the key advantages of NbS is that they provide ecosystem services (ES) during and after remediation. However, traditional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) does not fully account for the advantages of ES. To address this limitation, we propose a holistic sustainability assessment framework that integrates ES valuation and LCA for brownfield redevelopment planning. The framework is designed to support decision-making by providing a comprehensive environmental analysis of the impacts of different remediation scenarios. The proposed framework is applied to the London Olympic Park mega remediation project as a case study. Three considered scenarios are a business-as-usual scenario, a conventional remediation scenario, and an NbS scenario. The primary and secondary impacts of each scenario, the temporal efficacy of remediation, and the impact on ES are evaluated using the framework. The results suggest that the NbS scenario provides the best trade-off between mitigating contamination risks and economic costs within a reasonable timeframe due to the added benefits of ecosystem services. Overall, the proposed framework provides a comprehensive approach that considers the multiple aspects of environmental sustainability. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fall of the socialist system in the late 1980s determined major changes in the economy of former socialist countries. These changes affected especially the mono industrial cities. Even after privatisation, the industrial sector remained in restructuring and decline, often leading to the closure of factories. Structural or functional conversion processes have been delayed and on the site of former factories remain many abandoned places, which were neglected by the authorities. These areas influence both the natural and socio-economic environment: from local community to potential investors. Since the brownfield areas were not given much attention, this paper contributes to a correct definition, identification and presentation of such sites and the main barriers that hinder their redevelopment. For the case study, two mono industrial cities from two neighbouring former socialist countries (Romania and Serbia) were analysed. The object of the study was the comparison of the redevelopment solutions applied so far with their impact on socio-economic environment and the plans for future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban development and construction has led to a series of problems, such as the deficiency of land resources, difficulty in old city renovation, and backward landscape construction, etc. Brownfield refers to the abandoned and polluted lands of industrial, commercial, or other uses, whose redevelopment can not only effectively stimulate the intensive utilization of urban lands and the growth of urban economy, but also improve the quality of the urban ecological environment. Considering that the research on brownfield redevelopment methodologies in China is still at its initial stage, the application of the theories of urban regeneration and landscape urbanism in brownfield redevelopment will be conducive to solving various urban problems and promoting brownfield land use values. This paper, based on an analysis on the theoretical connotations of urban regeneration and landscape urbanism and their influences on brownfield redevelopment, argues that the urban regeneration theory can serve as the “framework” while the landscape urbanism theory as “skeleton” of brownfield development, both of which can integrally form the “organic body of brownfield redevelopment.” It further puts forward five primary principles for brownfield redevelopment which are elaborated through a case study on Changchun Tractor Factory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revitalizace brownfields získala v USA podporu jako podstatná součást revitalizace měst. Hodnocení efektů takovýchto projektů je důležité, neboť státní rozpočty se v poslední době stále snižují. Tato studie uvádí pomocí vícerozměrné prostorové a statistické analýzy prostorové změny cen residenčních nemovitostí a studuje jejich závislost na projektech revitalizace brownfields různých typů a velikostí realizovaných v jejich blízkosti. Přestože výsledky studie nasvědčují, že revitalizace brownfields v blízkém okolí má na cenu rezidenčních nemovitostí obecně pozitivní vliv, při dvouúrovňové analýze bylo zjištěno, že existují zcela odlišné statistické významnosti závislé na typu revitalizace, který směr tohoto efektu určuje.