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Bronchial obstructive syndrome is a violation of bronchial patency of functional or organic origin, which is manifested by shortness of breath, suffocation attacks, cough, tachycardia. The most common cause of bronchial obstructive syndrome is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma. In some cases, the cause of bronchial obstruction is tumors or tumor metastases to the lungs. The article describes a clinical case of bronchial obstructive syndrome, showing that all patients with bronchial asthma, in the absence of an effect from the prescribed adequate basic therapy, with no control over the disease, should be well examined for an alternative diagnosis. In our case, a thorough examination of the patient allowed the allergist to diagnose central lung cancer with metastases to the lymph nodes of the mediastinum. A feature of the case is the primary resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, revealed during a genetic study, which determined the scheme of further polychemotherapy. This clinical case proves the need for differential diagnosis, with a comprehensive approach and the use of various examination methods.

The article deals the possibilities of using early clinical and anamnestic data for the diagnosis of severe bronchial obstruction in children.The aim of the study was to search for informative indicators that affect the severity of bronchial obstruction against the background of acute respiratory viral infections, and to develop a mathematical predictive model for use at the stages of hospitalization.Materials and methods. The study was based on the examination and observation of 386 children aged 1 month to 5 years who were treated in the respiratory department and the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of bronchial obstruction syndrome. To search for informative indicators, 34 anamnestic signs were studied, including those in mother-child pairs. Comparison of indicators was carried out according to Student's t-test for independent samples and у 2 test to assess categorical differences. To assess the effect of each independent variable on the outcomes of interest, variables reaching P ≤ 0.25 in bivariate analysis were included in a multivariate logistic regression model.Results. Mathematical processing showed that only 1 9 factors were identified as significantly influencing the severity of the disease (p < 0.001), while others were not potential determinants of severity. For the main ones, diagnostic values were calculated and a mathematical forecasting model was built with a high level of reliability — 95%.

The analysis of domestic and foreign sources of literature showed that the problem of diagnosis and treatment of inhalation injury still remains relevant as 20-30 years ago. It is known that inhalation injury causes both local and systemic disorders. Existing diagnostic methods do not allow the extent of these disorders to be accurately determined. This, in turn, leads to the absence of clear criteria for the severity of inhalation injury and treatment algorithms.

The article deals with the questions of pathogenesis, complications and treatment of bronchial obstruction syndrome. Special attention is paid to the treatment of the syndrome of acute and chronic bronchial obstruction. The stages of emergency care are described in detail, and the characteristic of each drug group recommended for use is presented.

The article is an update on the broncho-obstructive syndrome in children, its etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms. The most common causes of bronchial obstruction are characterized - acute bronchiolitis (obstructive bronchitis) and asthma; the effect of evidence-based therapeutic interventions in these diseases is described. Differential diagnostic criteria for asthma and other obstructive airway diseases are provided. Therapeutic options for combined use of fenoterol and ipratropium bromide and benefits of nebulizer therapy in bronchial asthma are described.

The article presents data of scientific literature on differential diagnosis and therapy for bronchial obstruction syndrome of infectious origin in children. The conclusion of the feasibility of using drugs to provide medical care to children with bronchial obstruction syndrome of infectious origin by inhalation has been made. Current schemes of emergency care to children with bronchial obstruction syndrome were proposed.

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Tthe epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in Russia remains a challenge. High level of morbidity is conditioned by migration process and inadequate monitoring of new people coming from other regions and patients from the units of the Main Directorate of Administrating Punishment (GUIN) (1, 2). Nonspecific lung diseases significantly aggravate the course of lung tuberculosis. Chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease accompanied by bronchial obstruction syndrome are most frequently associated with pulmonary tuberculosis [4]. Bronchial obstruction syndrome occurs in all forms of pulmonary tuberculosis; detection frequency depends on the duration of the specific process and the severity of residual changes in the lungs [6].

Objective: The aim: To improve primary prophylactic measures associated with the development and progression of recurrent bronchial obstruction syndrome in young children, who had suffered respiratory disorders in neonatal period., Patients and Methods: Materials and methods: Algorithm of primary prophylactic measures implied adequate balanced nutrition, sanation of living conditions, restriction of contact with infectious agents, sanation of chronic foci of infection, systematic training and general fitness. The investigation included 160 young children (1 day - 3 years of age). The basic group (n=80) involved children, who had experienced respiratory disorders in neonatal period and received appropriate respiratory therapy (artificial ventilation and / or spontaneous breathing with continuous positive airway pressure and supply of free oxygen), control group - children, who did not have respiratory disorders and respiratory therapy (n=80)., Results: Results: Conducted investigation throughout 12-month monitoring enabled to record the development of recurrent bronchial obstruction syndrome in 43 children (respectively, 30 - 37.50% patients of the basic group versus 13 - 16.25% of control group; p 0.05), could not be obtained., Conclusion: Conclusions: Comparative analysis within groups did not show a reliable difference in the development of recurrent bronchial obstruction syndrome in children (р>0.05), which can be explained by partial following of doctor's recommendations. There is the need in further study of the issue involving more patients for a longer period of monitoring.