Search

Summary: A broadband ±45° dual‐polarized omnidirectional array with small size is presented. A crossed‐arranged dipole element is proposed to generate a wide unidirectional radiation beam. A crossed‐arranged parasitic strip is used to dramatically widen the impedance bandwidth of the dipole element. Based on the dipole element, a rotational two‐unit subarray, which comprises a small number of dipole elements and occupies a small space, is originally proposed to generate excellent omnidirectional radiation performance. Then a four‐unit array with a simple feed network is designed based on the rotational subarray. The array obtains a wide bandwidth of 59.4% (1.55–2.86 GHz) for reflection coefficient <−10 dB and an isolation beyond 21 dB between the two polarizations. Meanwhile, a very low gain variation of below 3 dB, as well as a stable and high realized gain of 5.1 ± 0.5 dBi are achieved over the operating band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we propose a compact broadband conformal array antenna using artificial dielectric slabs. The proposed antenna consists of three artificial dielectric slabs with a linear impedance distribution stacked on a bow-tie slot antenna. This enables an efficient impedance transition across a wide band from the slot to free space. Each slab is implemented using a sub-wavelength square patch array, achieving a 3:1 bandwidth from 6∼18 GHz. The height of the proposed antenna is 8.24 mm (0.165λ6GHz), with an array distance of 8.33 mm (0.5λ18GHz). The conformal array was designed with a curvature of 27.79° in the H plane. Simulation results show that the proposed antenna maintains an active S-parameter below -10 dB across the target bandwidth and achieves a boresight gain of -4.88 dBi at 6 GHz and 4.8 dBi at 18 GHz. To validate its performance, eight 8×1 arrays were fabricated, combined in the E-plane with a corporate feeding network, and mounted on a curved metallic surface. The measurement results of the fabricated array confirmed that the active S-parameter remained below 10 dB across the target bandwidth. Additionally, post-processing of the measured active element patterns generated beam-steering patterns with a maximum error of 3°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research proposes a compact broadband circularly polarized (CP) corner-truncated microstrip antenna with irregularly hexagonal artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) for 2.45 GHz WLAN applications. The corners of the radiating patch are diagonally truncated to realize circular polarization and improve axial ratio. A 5Image 15 irregularly hexagonal AMC array is employed to enhance the axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) and antenna gain. In addition, a tri-section meandering feedline is used to realize impedance matching and improve the impedance bandwidth (IBW). The AMC array is used to manipulate electromagnetic waves by suppressing surface currents and back lobe, resulting in reduced back radiation and enhanced front-to-back ratio. The simulated IBW and ARBW are 50.9% (1.86 – 3.13 GHz) and 19.3% (2.24 – 2.72 GHz) respectively, with a maximum gain of 8.9 dBic at 2.45 GHz. The measured IBW and ARBW are 42.42% (1.95 – 3.0 GHz) and 29.4% (2.03 – 2.73 GHz), with a maximum gain of 8.6 dBic. The simulated half power beamwidth (HPBW) of the proposed antenna scheme in the xz plane at 2.24 GHz, 2.45 GHz, and 2.72 GHz are 67°, 62°, and 51°, respectively. The corresponding HPBW in the yz plane are 60°, 55°, and 62°. The simulated AR beamwidth in the xz plane at 2.24 GHz, 2.45 GHz, and 2.72 GHz are 177°, 164°, and 88°, respectively. The corresponding AR beamwidth in the yz plane are 148°, 106°, and 124°. The simulated cross polarized (XP) levels at 2.45 GHz are below -19.35 dB for both planes. The measured HPBW in the xz plane at 2.24 GHz, 2.45 GHz, and 2.72 GHz are 69°, 64°, and 50°, respectively. The corresponding HPBW in the yz plane are 65°, 54°, and 37°. The measured AR beamwidth in the xz plane at 2.24 GHz, 2.45 GHz, and 2.72 GHz are 161°, 200°, and 104°, respectively. The corresponding AR beamwidth in the yz plane are 162°, 85°, and 90°. The measured XP levels at 2.45 GHz are below -15.62 dB for both planes. The radiation pattern is unidirectional. Essentially, the proposed broadband CP antenna scheme is suitable for the WLAN frequency band and other 2.45 GHz wireless communication technologies. The novelty of this research lies in the use of the tri-section meandering feedline and the irregularly hexagonal AMC array to enhance IBW and ARBW.

We propose a method for increasing the bandwidth of a substrateintegrated-waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed antenna with taper-based microstrip SIW transition feeding. For radio transmission, a circular slot is etched on top of the SIW cavity. For optimal antenna design, the slot is etched slightly away from the cavity center to generate circularly polarized waves. Simulations show a wide axial ratio bandwidth of 7.860% between 11.02 GHz and 11.806 GHz. Experimental results confirm a similar wide axial ratio bandwidth of 4.9% between 10.8 GHz and 11.35 GHz. An SIW feed from an inductive window excites the radiating circular slot, resulting in a simulated wide impedance range of 1.548 GHz (10.338 GHz-11.886 GHz) and bandwidth of 13.93%.Experimental results show a wide impedance of 2.08 GHz (10.2 GHz-12.08 GHz) and bandwidth of 18.84%. The SIW cavity-backed antenna creates a unidirectional pattern, leading to gains of 6.61 dBi and 7.594 dBi in simulations and experiments, respectively. The proposed antenna was fabricated on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate, and the reflection coefficient, radiation patterns, and gains were tested and compared using a computer simulator. The developed broadband antenna seems suitable for X-band applications.

Previous research in millimeter-wave antenna technology has focused on designs for specific frequency bands, such as 28 GHz, 32 GHz, 60 GHz, and 78 GHz. This paper analyzes an asymmetric dual-step antipodal petunia-shaped antenna capable of operating across the entire mm-wave frequency range from 30 GHz to 300 GHz. In the initial phase, a K-Band antenna is designed using various single radiators, including shapes such as a ball, balloon, axle, and petunia, in conjunction with a rectangular ground structure. A single radiator petunia design is enhanced to become a dual antipodal petunia radiator to achieve higher operating frequencies. This antipodal design generates multiple resonances at adjacent frequencies, resulting in broadband characteristics. To further improve performance, modifications are made to the ground structure. A novel technique inspired by radiation contouring of the antenna is proposed, which enhances impedance matching and overall antenna performance. Subsequently, a dual antipodal petunia radiator with an asymmetric step ground is optimized using the particle swarm optimization method to cover the entire millimeter-wave band (30-300 GHz). The antenna's physical dimensions are 30x30 mm², with a peak gain of 6 dBi and radiation efficiency ranging from 89% to 92% across the entire mm-wave spectrum. Notably, this proposed antenna exhibits an exceptionally low level of side lobes and excellent cross-polar discrimination, showcasing its unique design. The potential applications of this antenna span various fields, including military and imaging systems, automotive radar, telecommunications, remote sensing, security screening, and energy harvesting technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research proposes a compact broadband circularly polarized (CP) corner-truncated microstrip antenna with irregularly hexagonal artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) for 2.45 GHz WLAN applications. The corners of the radiating patch are diagonally truncated to realize circular polarization and improve axial ratio. A 5▪5 irregularly hexagonal AMC array is employed to enhance the axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) and antenna gain. In addition, a tri-section meandering feedline is used to realize impedance matching and improve the impedance bandwidth (IBW). The AMC array is used to manipulate electromagnetic waves by suppressing surface currents and back lobe, resulting in reduced back radiation and enhanced front-to-back ratio. The simulated IBW and ARBW are 50.9% (1.86 – 3.13 GHz) and 19.3% (2.24 – 2.72 GHz) respectively, with a maximum gain of 8.9 dBic at 2.45 GHz. The measured IBW and ARBW are 42.42% (1.95 – 3.0 GHz) and 29.4% (2.03 – 2.73 GHz), with a maximum gain of 8.6 dBic. The simulated half power beamwidth (HPBW) of the proposed antenna scheme in the xz plane at 2.24 GHz, 2.45 GHz, and 2.72 GHz are 67°, 62°, and 51°, respectively. The corresponding HPBW in the yz plane are 60°, 55°, and 62°. The simulated AR beamwidth in the xz plane at 2.24 GHz, 2.45 GHz, and 2.72 GHz are 177°, 164°, and 88°, respectively. The corresponding AR beamwidth in the yz plane are 148°, 106°, and 124°. The simulated cross polarized (XP) levels at 2.45 GHz are below -19.35 dB for both planes. The measured HPBW in the xz plane at 2.24 GHz, 2.45 GHz, and 2.72 GHz are 69°, 64°, and 50°, respectively. The corresponding HPBW in the yz plane are 65°, 54°, and 37°. The measured AR beamwidth in the xz plane at 2.24 GHz, 2.45 GHz, and 2.72 GHz are 161°, 200°, and 104°, respectively. The corresponding AR beamwidth in the yz plane are 162°, 85°, and 90°. The measured XP levels at 2.45 GHz are below -15.62 dB for both planes. The radiation pattern is unidirectional. Essentially, the proposed broadband CP antenna scheme is suitable for the WLAN frequency band and other 2.45 GHz wireless communication technologies. The novelty of this research lies in the use of the tri-section meandering feedline and the irregularly hexagonal AMC array to enhance IBW and ARBW. • This research proposes a compact broadband CP corner-truncated microstrip antenna with irregularly hexagonal AMC for 2.45 GHz WLAN application. • The measured IBW and ARBW are 42.42% (1.95 – 3.0 GHz) and 29.4% (2.03 – 2.73 GHz), with a gain of 8.6 dBic. The radiation pattern is unidirectional. • The measured HPBW in the xz and yz plane at 2.45 GHz are 64° and 54°, respectively. The measured XP levels at 2.45 GHz are below -15.62 dB for both planes. • The proposed broadband CP antenna scheme is suitable for the WLAN frequency band and other 2.45 GHz wireless communication technologies. • The novelty of this research lies in trisection meandering feedline and the irregularly hexagonal AMC unit cells to achieve wider IBW and ARBW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a method for increasing the bandwidth of a substrate‐integrated‐waveguide (SIW) cavity‐backed antenna with taper‐based microstrip SIW transition feeding. For radio transmission, a circular slot is etched on top of the SIW cavity. For optimal antenna design, the slot is etched slightly away from the cavity center to generate circularly polarized waves. Simulations show a wide axial ratio bandwidth of 7.860% between 11.02 GHz and 11.806 GHz. Experimental results confirm a similar wide axial ratio bandwidth of 4.9% between 10.8 GHz and 11.35 GHz. An SIW feed from an inductive window excites the radiating circular slot, resulting in a simulated wide impedance range of 1.548 GHz (10.338 GHz–11.886 GHz) and bandwidth of 13.93%. Experimental results show a wide impedance of 2.08 GHz (10.2 GHz–12.08 GHz) and bandwidth of 18.84%. The SIW cavity‐backed antenna creates a unidirectional pattern, leading to gains of 6.61 dBi and 7.594 dBi in simulations and experiments, respectively. The proposed antenna was fabricated on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate, and the reflection coefficient, radiation patterns, and gains were tested and compared using a computer simulator. The developed broadband antenna seems suitable for X‐band applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented research aims to analyze in detail the characteristics of broadband matching antennas specifically designed for 5G mobile communications applications, with an emphasis on innovative composite materials. The study focuses on a compact planar loop antenna designed for use on smartphones, covering the LTE/WWAN frequency bands 824 to 960 MHz, 1,710 to 2,690 MHz, and 3,300 to 3,600 MHz for full coverage of modern 5G networks. Experimental and numerical methods are used to broadly analyze the frequency range associated with 5G networks. The features of the use of composite materials in the implementation of antenna devices in 5G technologies are noted. A broadband matching circuit (BMC) with elements with lumped parameters and a reduced sensitivity invariant has been synthesized. A 3D model of the adaptive selective surface controller (SSC) was developed using CST Studio. The study results highlight the benefits of new composite materials in improving the performance of 5G antennas. This research makes a significant contribution to the development of 5G technologies by optimizing antenna design for efficient data transmission in modern mobile networks and can be a valuable resource for engineers and designers working in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel input impedance analysis methodology based on Babinet's principle to broaden bandwidth is proposed, and a broadband multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is designed, fabricated, and measured for fifth-generation (5G) and Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) 6E/7 mobile applications. By analyzing the input impedance of open-slot antennas and planar monopole antennas using numerical calculations, the characteristics of the input impedance can be obtained. We find that combining the two antenna types in parallel can significantly enhance the bandwidth. Then, the four-dimensional image calculated by MATLAB based on the parallel impedance formula is processed to validate the methodology. Thus, a broad antenna element based on the impedance property analysis methodology is achieved, which operates ranging from 2.6 GHz to 7.46 GHz. Moreover, the equivalent circuit of the antenna element is established to further verify the validity of the methodology. Finally, a broadband MIMO antenna system consisting of eight antenna elements is designed, fabricated, and measured, and the isolation performance is better than 12 dB. Acceptable total efficiency higher than 45% is also obtained with envelope correlation coefficients (ECCs) lower than 0.05. The proposed impedance property analysis methodology innovatively proposes a new way to increase bandwidth, which can be widely applied in various antenna designs. Also, reasonable results show that the proposed MIMO antenna system is a good candidate for 5G and Wi-Fi 6E/7 mobile applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This research proposes a broadband unidirectional twin-element multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna scheme for mid-band 5G and WLAN applications. The twin-element antenna scheme comprises two single-element antennas, and each single-element antenna consists of a T-shaped hemispherical feeding patch, left- and right-arm radiating patches, and a conjoined triangular ground plane. The twin-element MIMO antenna scheme is integrated with a laptop model functioning as the reflector. The measured impedance bandwidth (|S 11|, |S 22|≤ − 6 dB) are 55.32%, covering 3.4–6.0 GHz, and the measured mutual coupling (|S 12|) is less than − 15 dB. The measured gain at the center frequency (4.5 GHz) is 4.585 dBi. Besides, the measured xz- and yz-plane cross-polarization levels are below − 25 dB and − 15 dB, respectively. The half-power beamwidth (HPBW) in the xz-plane at 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 GHz are 99°, 92.8°, and 84.2°, and the corresponding HPBW in the yz-plane are 102°, 78°, and 102°. The measured xz- and yz-plane back lobe levels are below − 15 dB across the entire operating frequency band (3.5–5.5 GHz). The radiation pattern of the twin-element MIMO antenna scheme is of unidirectionality. Furthermore, the envelope correlation coefficient and diversity gain of the twin-element antenna scheme are 9.99 dB, respectively. The proposed broadband unidirectional twin-element MIMO antenna scheme is thus operationally suitable for mid-band 5G/WLAN communication systems. Essentially, this research is the first to propose a broadband twin-element MIMO antenna scheme for mid-band 5G/WLAN applications.

This research proposes a broadband unidirectional twin-element multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna scheme for mid-band 5G and WLAN applications. The twin-element antenna scheme comprises two single-element antennas, and each single-element antenna consists of a T-shaped hemispherical feeding patch, left- and right-arm radiating patches, and a conjoined triangular ground plane. The twin-element MIMO antenna scheme is integrated with a laptop model functioning as the reflector. The measured impedance bandwidth (|S11|, |S22|≤ − 6 dB) are 55.32%, covering 3.4–6.0 GHz, and the measured mutual coupling (|S12|) is less than − 15 dB. The measured gain at the center frequency (4.5 GHz) is 4.585 dBi. Besides, the measured xz- and yz-plane cross-polarization levels are below − 25 dB and − 15 dB, respectively. The half-power beamwidth (HPBW) in the xz-plane at 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 GHz are 99°, 92.8°, and 84.2°, and the corresponding HPBW in the yz-plane are 102°, 78°, and 102°. The measured xz- and yz-plane back lobe levels are below − 15 dB across the entire operating frequency band (3.5–5.5 GHz). The radiation pattern of the twin-element MIMO antenna scheme is of unidirectionality. Furthermore, the envelope correlation coefficient and diversity gain of the twin-element antenna scheme are < 0.001 and > 9.99 dB, respectively. The proposed broadband unidirectional twin-element MIMO antenna scheme is thus operationally suitable for mid-band 5G/WLAN communication systems. Essentially, this research is the first to propose a broadband twin-element MIMO antenna scheme for mid-band 5G/WLAN applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A one-dimensional active broadband phased array based on microwave photonics that works in the Ku band is proposed to achieve a large instantaneous bandwidth. The phased array uses a feeding network based on microwave photonics to provide the true time delay and a wide operating bandwidth. The array is mainly composed of a broadband horn antenna, an RF transmitting/receiving module, an optical network module, and a temperature control module. The form of a horn was selected for the antenna unit, and it was fed through a waveguide to obtain a wide operating bandwidth. An optical fiber delay line that could realize the true time delay at different frequencies was adopted for the time-delay module of the optical network. To obtain a large time delay and small quantization error, a hybrid time-delay diagram utilizing electrical and optical time delays was used in the design. In addition, a temperature control module was added to the antenna system to enhance the stability of the photonic time-delay module. For verification, a prototype of the presented antenna system was designed, fabricated, and measured. The experimental results showed that the optical phased array antenna was able to scan ±20° from 12 GHz to 17 GHz, and the beam pointing did not appear to be offset over the wide operating bandwidth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a novel compact design of an annular ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA), which has two stacked annular rings and is fabricated on a FR4 substrate for radar and satellite applications. The presence of different kinds of slots made the design of the recommended antenna very unique for Ku band applications. This novel compact structure of the antenna provided enhanced bandwidth and high gain. The suggested antenna works in Ku band and has 2.70 GHz bandwidth and 8.42 dB gain, which makes it suitable for satellite applications. The quality parameters of the proposed annular ring microstrip antenna have been compared with other existing annular ring microstrip antennas, which shows its efficient performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An arrayable dual‐polarized antenna is proposed in this paper, which exhibits a low profile and broad bandwidth. A metasurface and a square ring are introduced to realize the broadband operation of the low‐profile dual‐polarized antenna. The total size of the broadband antenna is 0.39λL×0.39λL×0.105λL $0.39{\lambda }_{{\rm{L}}}\times 0.39{\lambda }_{{\rm{L}}}\times 0.105{\lambda }_{{\rm{L}}}$ (where λL ${\lambda }_{{\rm{L}}}$ is the wavelength at the lowest frequency of the operation band [1.31 GHz] in free space), suitable for use as an element of an antenna array. Four elements of the proposed antenna are arrayed to develop an array to demonstrate its application for the base station. The measured impedance bandwidth (return loss >10 dB) of the array is about 70% (1.31–2.74 GHz). Stable radiation patterns are obtained with an average gain of 14 dBi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a programmable solar‐powered radio frequency (RF) transmitter. It employs a novel five‐layer structure that effectively integrates solar cells, active circuits, and broadband antenna. This design can directly emit RF signals without the need for additional power supply, enabling efficient energy conversion and transmission. In addition, a U‐shaped coupling line model is introduced to evaluate the performance of the active circuit. We fabricated a sample and measured it. The results of the measurements indicate that the proposed RF transmitter can achieve self‐powering and programmable output at any frequency within the range of 2.08–4.1 GHz, with an output power of no less than 14 dBm. Moreover, the solar cells are placed on both sides of the circuits and antenna for energy harvesting, achieving 100% sunlight insolation with a 75.5% coverage ratio. This design can be used for self‐powered green wireless system applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dielectric‐loaded slot antenna with the characteristic of broadband, low profile, and low cross‐polarization is presented. The antenna incorporating a low permittivity (εl=4.1 ${\varepsilon }_{l}=4.1$) and multiple high permittivity (εh=22 ${\varepsilon }_{h}=22$) rectangle dielectric is fed by two rectangle slot, which generates three slot modes and achieves measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 88% $ \% $ from 1.57 to 4.04 GHz covering the long term evolution (1.71–2.69 GHz) and sub‐6G (3.3–3.6 GHz). Furthermore, the presented slot antenna with a footprint of 0.81 × 0.56λ02 ${\lambda }_{0}^{2}$ and a low profile of 0.09λ0 ${\lambda }_{0}$ (λ0 ${\lambda }_{0}$ is the wavelength in the air region at the center frequency) appears the performance of measured peak gain of 9 dB without using any dielectric resonator mode. On the basis of the single‐polarized design, the dual‐polarized design with a profile of 0.09λ0 ${\lambda }_{0}$ is investigated and fabricated. According to the measured results, the dual‐polarized prototype achieves a 10‐dB impedance of 60% $ \% $ from 1.6 to 3 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A self-casing Microstrip Reflectarray Antenna (MRA) is proposed with high-gain, broadband, mechanically simple properties. It needs no radome due to exploiting a low-cost porous superstrate. Such an inhomogeneous layer is made up of the robust FR4 dielectric in which air rods are periodically drilled. This porous layer is suspended above the metallic plane using spacer and the re-radiating elements are printed on its interior side for designing a broadband center-fed MRA. Its element is a new Butterfly-Like Patch (BLP) with two degrees of freedom (length and angle). By analyzing its sub-wavelength unit cell, the calculated total phase range is more than 700°, which can be a good choice for broadband MRA design. Using this phase response and an efficient phase synthesis technique, an optimized metallization arrangement is analytically obtained to design a good frequency behavior MRA. To validate the numerical results, a $270\times 270\times 3.9$ mm3 MRA with focal length 26.1 cm is manufactured and tested. Measured results show a peak gain 29.1dB with a 1-dB gain bandwidth of 42.6% ( $9.7\sim 14.9$ GHz) and maximum efficiency 58% at central frequency 12GHz. It is experimentally shown that the gain and bandwidth of this self-covering MRA is better than conventional one.

The plane spiral orbital angular momentum (PS-OAM), which is a special form of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams, solves the problem of OAM beam divergence to some extent. The majority of OAM antennas can only generate vortex beams in a narrow band range, which severely limits their broadband application potential. This study proposed a single antenna that can produce PS-OAM beams in the 8-16 GHz frequency range. The antenna is composed of six Vivaldi antennas placed in a tangential circular array, and the ports of the neighboring Vivaldi antenna elements exhibit phase difference. When fed with equal phase and amplitude, the antenna can generate broadband PS-OAM beams with mode +2. In contrast to current OAM antenna arrays fed with phase-shifting, the suggested antenna is straightforward and simple to feed. The proposed Vivaldi antenna based on UCA may provide a new way for generating broadband OAM beams.

This paper presents a novel broadband filtenna design for 5G applications. The filtenna structure comprise of a bow tie slot loaded path antenna with a four-pole lowpass filter structure on the feed-line. In addition, the defected ground structure method was applied to miniaturize the size and widen the operating frequency bandwidth. The proposed filtenna was designed and optimized with utilizing Keysight’s PathWave EM Design (EMPro) software. In addition, the filtenna design was analysed with utilizing four different substrates, which are Rogers RT5880, RO3003, RO4003 and RT6006, and the electromagnetic simulation results were presented. Moreover, the design was manufactured with utilizing Rogers RT5880 and the design was validated with the measurements. The developed filtenna operates at a centre frequency of 3.9 GHz and the operating frequency bandwidth of 2.86 to 4.89 GHz which yields a fractional bandwidth of 52%. Furthermore, the filtenna has a reflection coefficient better than -10 dB and the measured maximum antenna gain was 3.26 dBi. The filtenna has a compact size of 0.463λ_0×0.506λ_0 where λ_0 is the wavelength at the center frequency. The proposed filtenna can be utilized for 5G applications with its compact-size, low-cost and high-performance characteristics.

In this study, linearly polarized 2 × 2 subarray and 2 × 8 element cavity‐backed antennas are proposed for 5G millimeter‐wave (mmWave) applications. Initially, the 2 × 2 subarray is designed, manufactured, and tested. According to the measured results, the 2 × 2 subarray has a wide fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 24.7% (|S11| < −10 dB, 22.3‒28.6 GHz) which covers the main spectrum allocations for the 5G cellular network. A broadband 1 × 4 corporate feed network is designed, which is challenging and crucial, to form 2 × 8 antenna array. The experimental results show that the final 2 × 8 antenna array has a wide FBW of 23% (|S11| < −10 dB, 22.3‒28 GHz), with a boresight gain of 20.5 dBi. Throughout the operating band, a stable gain of 19.5 ± 1 dBi is achieved. The 2 × 8 antenna array has good and stable radiation characteristics; SLLs are less than −13 dB and XPol is better than −20 dB for both E‐ and H‐planes across the entire operating frequency. Stubs are added between adjacent subarrays in the E‐plane to suppress mutual coupling and to improve gain of 2 × 8 antenna, which results in broadband impedance characteristics. The size of the 2 × 8 antenna array is 6.3λο × 8.1λο × 1.3λο, where λο is the free space wavelength at 25 GHz. These results show that the proposed antenna has potential for 5G millimeter‐wave applications requiring broadband and high gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an optimal structure of a frequency-reconfigurable SIW antenna, where reconfigurability is achieved using PIN diodes. The antenna is optimized using the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm implemented and developed in MATLAB. The antenna is based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide technology, comprising three slot resonators positioned at the bottom of the SIW antenna. PIN diodes are placed on the structure's feed line to modify the antenna's resonant frequency, making it usable on different Xband frequencies. The PSO algorithm aims to determine the optimum position of the PIN diodes and the size of each slot according to the state of the PIN diode (ON or OFF). The optimized reconfigurable SIW antenna is designed, manufactured, and measured to operate over different frequency bands depending on the diode bias state. Measured gain reaches maximum values of 8.6 dB, 9.4 dB, 9.2 dB and 8.8 dB respectively for OFF-OFF, OFF-ON, ON-OFF and ON-ON bias states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a broadband metasurface antenna with size‐varying patches. The metasurface radiator is fed by a microstrip line through a coupling slot on the ground. By varying two parameters of the square patches, great mode controllability can be achieved, resulting in wideband and stable gain. Furthermore, the added slotted metal square ring can effectively improve radiation gain. We designed and tested a C‐band wideband antenna consisting of 4 × $\times $ 4 novel radiator units. The measured impedance bandwidth and 2‐dB gain bandwidth are 59% (4.3–7.9 GHz) and 44.1% (4.6–7.2 GHz), respectively. The designed antenna has a low profile of 0.09 λ $\lambda $. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A broadband antenna can transmit and receive radio signals across a broad frequency spectrum. The use of broadband millimeter-wave (mmWave) band antennas has garnered significant interest in wireless communication research. As a result, this type of antenna finds applications in television, radio broadcasting, and radar communication. The millimeterwave broadband antenna covers an extensive range of frequencies, leading to distinct design methodologies for such structures. The primary focus of this manuscript is to present a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in millimeter-wave antenna design, encompassing an in-depth analysis of the working principles of broadband antennas and their associated design characteristics. This review aims to shed light on the challenging path for antenna researchers and the potential enhancements achievable through broadband antenna technologies. Various applications, including enhanced wireless communication, high-definition and ultra-high-definition multimedia, and security signal intelligence, necessitate high data rates and significantly greater bandwidth. Consequently, a substantial demand for millimeter-wave broadband antennas can cater to these requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a miniaturized broadband Bi-Yagi antenna array that covers a bandwidth from 1.79 GHz to 2.56 GHz. The proposed antenna achieves a tradeoff between maximizing bandwidth, effective area, and gain while minimizing physical dimensions. The antenna design considers the coupling between the radiator and director elements, resulting in increased bandwidth as the resonating modes shift apart. Additionally, the proposed design optimizes element spacing and dimensions to achieve high gain, wide bandwidth, efficient radiation, and a minimum aperture size. The proposed antenna, with physical dimensions of 138.6 mm × 47.7 mm × 1.57 mm, demonstrates gains ranging from 6.2 dBi to 9.34 dBi across the frequency range, with a total efficiency between 88% and 98%. The proposed design is experimentally validated by measuring the reflection coefficients, input impedance, gain, and normalized radiation pattern. These features make the antenna well suited for capturing and harvesting electromagnetic waves in mobile wireless and Wi-Fi applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A continuous transverse stub (CTS) array antenna with broad bandwidth and high-power handling capacity is proposed in this paper. The technologies of multi-step impedance matching and T-shaped electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) loading are utilized, which improved the antenna operating frequency bandwidth. An H-plane lens horn is used to feed the CTS array. As a result, a good bandwidth capability of more than 32% is achieved, with a gain variation less than 3.0 dB. The measured sidelobe level (SLL) is below −18 dB in the entire frequency range. Moreover, the power handling capacity of the antenna is more than 80 MW and can reach the GW level after arraying, which indicates that this antenna has application potential in the high-power microwave (HPM) field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel input impedance analysis methodology based on Babinet’s principle to broaden bandwidth is proposed, and a broadband multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is designed, fabricated, and measured for fifth-generation (5G) and Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) 6E/7 mobile applications. By analyzing the input impedance of open-slot antennas and planar monopole antennas using numerical calculations, the characteristics of the input impedance can be obtained. We find that combining the two antenna types in parallel can significantly enhance the bandwidth. Then, the four-dimensional image calculated by MATLAB based on the parallel impedance formula is processed to validate the methodology. Thus, a broad antenna element based on the impedance property analysis methodology is achieved, which operates ranging from 2.6 GHz to 7.46 GHz. Moreover, the equivalent circuit of the antenna element is established to further verify the validity of the methodology. Finally, a broadband MIMO antenna system consisting of eight antenna elements is designed, fabricated, and measured, and the isolation performance is better than 12 dB. Acceptable total efficiency higher than 45% is also obtained with envelope correlation coefficients (ECCs) lower than 0.05. The proposed impedance property analysis methodology innovatively proposes a new way to increase bandwidth, which can be widely applied in various antenna designs. Also, reasonable results show that the proposed MIMO antenna system is a good candidate for 5G and Wi-Fi 6E/7 mobile applications.

A directional monopole antenna using a planar lossy magnetic (PLM) surface is proposed in this paper. When a monopole antenna is designed vertically on the ground plane composed of a perfect electric conductor (PEC) and a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC), the surface current on the ground plane cannot flow on the PMC and only flows in one direction on the PEC. Therefore, the electromagnetic (EM) wave of such a monopole antenna can radiate in the direction perpendicular to the ground. Alternatively, a PLM surface such as a ferrite sheet with a high relative permeability was employed to achieve EM properties similar to the PMC. To verify the feasibility of the proposed antenna, a ferrite sheet with a relative permeability of 20 and a magnetic loss tangent of 10 at 2 GHz was utilized to implement the half PMC ground plane, and the monopole antenna was bent for miniaturization. The measured peak gain and the −10 dB bandwidth was about 1.3 dBi and 23% at the resonant frequency, respectively.

Copyright of Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji is the property of Gazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to further expand the RCS reduction model of the miniature broadband antenna, a four-notch shaped FSS radome insensitive to the number of array elements is designed based on the multi-layered medium Green's function and the transflective coefficient of the finite radome is derived. The calculated results are in good agreement with the infinite array, showing broadband transmission performance in both C-band and X-band. The electric field distribution and far-field distribution of a finite FSS array are given and the effects of a 5 × 5 array in a V-shaped structure on the surface of a miniature broadband antenna on its gain coefficient and RCS reduction characteristics are calculated numerically. The results show that the designed radome exhibits good array element insensitivity and far-field scattering reduction characteristics and achieves significant in-band and out-of-band RCS accurate reduction under the premise of constant antenna radiation performance. At normal incidence, the single-station RCS in the passband and stopband are as low as −35 dB and −32.66 dB, respectively. The maximum reduction in the transmission band reaches 20.96 dB under oblique incidence and the projection size of the radome decreases with the increase in the bottom angle of the radome but the RSC reduction performance is basically unaffected and can be adjusted flexibly according to actual needs. The above results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the application of FSS radome in RCS reduction in micro wideband antennas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new planar printed quasi-Yagi antenna with compact size and wide bandwidth is presented for a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system. Antenna element consists of a rectangular driven monopole, a strip director, and a coplanar ground shorted reflector. A planar rectangular monopole is used for the first time as a driven element instead of a dipole to avoid the implementation complexity of BALUN as it can be fed directly by an unbalanced coaxial feed. It has been shown that the antenna element has an impedance bandwidth (|S11| < −10 dB) of 60.5% ranging from 1.59 to 2.97 GHz. Based on this element, a four-element pattern diversity MIMO antenna is proposed. By utilizing the ground of one element as a reflector for the successive element, a compact size of 109 mm × 109 mm (0.54λ0 × 0.54λ0 at 1.5 GHz) has been obtained. Measured bandwidth of 65.9% (1.5–2.97 GHz) with minimum isolation of 13 dB has been achieved. The measured directional patterns and an average gain of 4 dBi, remain stable in the operating band with cross-polarization levels less than −25 dB. The envelope correlation coefficient and channel capacity loss show good diversity performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, a dual-polarized broadband metasurface antenna is proposed. The antenna consists of a new Metasurface patch which is formed from different cross shapes to achieve wide bandwidth and expedite dual polarization features. The radiating metasurface patch is fed by a novel coplanar waveguide fed structure to facilitate achieving dual polarization. The proposed antenna has a wide bandwidth of 2.82 GHz over an operating frequency range between 3.36–6.2 GHz with 10 dBi maximum realized gain. The proposed antenna has been fabricated and the simulated results have been validated experimentally. It is believed that the proposed antenna is a good candidate for sub 6 GHz of 5G application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A millimeter-wave broadband metasurface-based antenna with a low profile is proposed. In order to guide the mode excitation, the characteristic mode analysis (CMA) is used for the design and optimization of the proposed antenna. Four sets of coplanar patches with different dimensions on a thin printed circuit board are used to generate four adjacent broadside modes, which are directly fed by a coaxial probe. Then, to expand low-frequency bandwidth, a new resonant mode is introduced by etching slots on the parasite patch. Meanwhile, the extra mode introduced does not significantly change the radiation performance of the original modes. Moreover, dual slots are etched on the mid patch fed by the coaxial probe, which moves the orthogonal modes of the chosen modes out of the operating band to reduce cross-polarization levels. The proposed antenna realized 25.02 % (30–38.58 GHz) impedance bandwidth with dimensions of 1.423 × 1.423 × 0.029 λ 0   3 ( λ 0 is the wavelength at 34 GHz in free space), and the realized gain in the band is 8.35–11.3 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A broadband folded dipole antenna for dual‐polarized radiation is presented. It comprises two couples of folded dipoles and a planar reflector. To enhance the impedance matching over broadband, each couple of folded dipoles is parallelly connected by stepped coplanar striplines and then excited by a simple feed structure consisting of a 50‐Ω coaxial cable and a rectangular strip. To stabilize the radiation and further improve the impedance matching during an extremely broadband, a rectangular director is utilized and loaded upon each folded dipole. This antenna provides an extremely broad bandwidth of 77.6% (1.68–3.81 GHz) with return loss >15 dB, and good isolation of larger than 25 dB. It also obtains a steady half‐power beamwidth of 66° ± 4° and a gain of 8.6 ± 0.8 dBi during the broadband. This makes it attractive for mobile communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major component for the effective functioning of airborne unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is an antenna. The unified integration of an antenna with UAVs without disturbing the other components of UAVs, compact size, thin, and wideband antennas are preferred. Based on these prerequisites, a low-profile and a wideband antenna is presented for autonomous UAVs for C-band applications. The antenna is designed on an extremely thin substrate of size 0.01 λ 0 without compromising the antenna's broad bandwidth. The antenna structure comprises a corrugated U-shaped patch, a few parasitic patches along with the partial ground. Initially, only a single mode was excited using a U-shaped patch, then further on introducing a few more parasitic patches along with corrugations in a U-shaped patch other modes were also coupled leading to enhancement in the bandwidth of the antenna. The proposed antenna along with a 2 × 2 quad-port multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) antenna is designed and fabricated. The measured results are found to be in good agreement with the simulated results. A broad bandwidth of 74.5% (4.1–9.0 GHz) with 5.02 dBi peak gain at 6.6 GHz is exhibited by the fabricated MIMO antenna. Thus, the designed antenna proves to be an effective candidate for UAV-based C-band applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A broadband antenna with simultaneous flat gain and filtering characteristic is proposed in this paper. To achieve a flat gain response, rectangle slots and a bandpass filter are loaded on the antipodal Vivaldi antenna. The loaded rectangle slots adjust the phase of the surface currents to widen the operating bandwidth, as well as reduce the far-field radiation cancellation of the reverse currents in the end-fire direction, thus improving the gain. In addition, a bandpass filter is added to the antenna to further equalize the currents amplitude and suppress out-of-band signals. The measured results show that the proposed antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 101.9% (3.99–12.28 GHz) and an out-of-band suppression level of 15.5 dBi in the upper stopband. What is more, an extremely low gain fluctuation of ± 0.464 dBi is realized in the 4–12 GHz. Compared with conventional broadband antennas, the antenna features simple structure and better performance, which achieves broadband with simultaneous flat gain response and filtering characteristic. The proposed antenna may be applied in high-precision radar sensing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guangdong University of Technology is the property of Journal of Guangdong University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article deals with the design and analysis of a microstrip 1 x 8 magic-T power divider (MTPD) for ISM band (industrial and medical band) array antenna application. First, a basic 1 x 2 magic-T power divider is designed and optimized. It can divide the power supply in two equal parts (3 dB) in-phase agreement. Then a 1 x 4 power divider has been designed using two identical 1 x 2 magic-T basic power dividers; it divides the power supply into four equal parts (6 dB) in-phase agreement. Finally, the proposed broadband 1 x 8 magic-T power divider is constituted by the assembly of two identical 1 x 4 magic-T power dividers; it can divide the power supply into 8 equal parts (9 dB) in phase agreement. As results obtained, the proposed 1 x 8 power divider has a  10 dB wide bandwidth equals about 506 MHz (2.022 GHz to 2.528 GHz) with a minimum reflection coefficient S11 equals about – 19.12 dB at the operating frequency 2.4 GHz. Moreover, the module of the transmission coefficients (S12, S13, S14, S16, S16, S17, S18 and S19) equal about – 9 dB with a negligible phase shift equals to 2.8° between the output signals. The design and simulation results of the proposed 1 x 8 power divider is carried out by HFSS EM simulator using the substrate Rogers RT/duroid 5880 with the total size 424 x 49 x 1.56 mm³. The proposed power divider is a potential candidate to feed an array antenna, amplifiers and modulators of eight elements in the ISM band around 2.4 GHz (2.022 GHz-2.528 GHz). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a metal 3D printed double-ridged horn antenna with a truncated cone feeding structure, curve-shaped cavity, and mode suppressor for a feeder of a reflector antenna. The truncated cone feeding structure is employed to obtain symmetrical patterns, and the curve-shaped cavity is implemented to obtain broadband characteristics. The mode suppressor is then applied to maintain a stable bore-sight gain. To simplify the manufacturing and assembly process, the proposed antenna is designed with only two parts and is fabricated using metal 3D printing technology. To verify the performance of the antenna, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), bore-sight gains, and radiation patterns are measured in a full anechoic chamber. The measured VSWR shows a maximum of 3.0 and an average of 1.9 from 2 GHz to 18 GHz. At 2 GHz, the measured bore-sight gains in the radiation pattern are 5.37 dBi for co-polarization and −20.7 dBi for cross-polarization. The measured radiation patterns are in good agreement with the simulated results.

The present study proposes a dual-polarized bandwidth-enhanced filtering specialized dipole antenna design for 5G by employing a wide printed dipole, filtering resonators, a reflector surface, and specially designed balun structures. Such a configuration is commonly deployed in conventional base stations. To increase the antenna impedance and radiation bandwidth, a specifically designed, wide-printed flared dipole antenna structure is used as the main radiator element. Transmission zeros are introduced at both pass band edges to create a filtering response by engaging parasitic elements. The parasitic element for the higher frequency edge of the filtering is placed close to the maximum amount of the induced current on the radiator at the operating frequency, whereas the parasitic element for the lower frequency edge of the filtering is located close to the perpendicularly polarized structure. The antenna aims to create radiation nulls at the impedance bandwidth limits; therefore, the parasitic arcs are used to create surface currents that cancel the broadside radiation at the limits of the impedance bandwidth. The study illustrates a complete analysis of the broadband printed patch antenna having a filtering effect by parametric investigations on the dimensions and resulting physical phenomenon in detail. To demonstrate the approach, a prototype of the antenna is fabricated and measured. According to the measurement results, the antenna performs 76% impedance bandwidth between 2.49 GHz and 5.59 GHz with $|S_{11}|$ and $|S_{22}| < -10$ dB by providing exceptional isolation values of $|S_{21}| < -20$ dB in entire operating band. The fabricated antenna has a stable radiation beamwidth with less than $\pm 5^{0}$ variation and the measured gain in the operating frequency is almost constant and equal to 8.2 dBi.

This paper presents a compact broadband stepped bow-tie antenna for ambient RF energy harvesting (RFEH). The proposed antenna consists of stepped shapes for wide bandwidth, making it possible to investigate ambient RF energy in entire cellular bands. In addition, the antenna is composed of a bow-tie shape to achieve compactness for internet of things (IoT) sensors. We explain the design steps taken to achieve this wide bandwidth, analyzing the surface current distributions with respect to the number of stepped shapes through an EM simulation. In addition, we cut the broadband antenna in half and integrated it with the RFEH circuit for compactness, causing impedance matching to deteriorate. The novel modified bow-tie shaped half antenna improved impedance matching, which is analyzed with the surface current distribution. We found that the proposed antenna has a fractional bandwidth of 125% of $S_{11} < -10$ dB, ranging from 0.85 GHz to 3.66 GHz with a compact dimension of 68 mm $\times107$ mm ( $0.19\,\,\lambda _{0} \times 0.30\,\,\lambda _{0}$ ). With the proposed antenna, we investigated ambient RF energy at several outdoor sites and chose the feasible frequency bands (0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz). For the bands, the RFEH circuit was designed consisting of a rectifier and power management unit (PMU), and integrated into the proposed antenna. In one site, we experimented and verified the RFEH with the antenna. The broadband and compact antenna in this paper can contribute to implementing the RFEH prototype for the capability to be used as a power source for IoT sensors.

This paper proposes an orthogonally positioned inverted triangular monopole antenna over a compact plane reflector with stable radiation pattern for octave band of frequencies. Two triangles are placed crossed and orthogonal to each other to obtain nearly uniform omni-direction radiation pattern. The antenna is placed over a square reflector exhibits 73% bandwidth at (4.5 GHz). The measured impedance bandwidth and radiation pattern of the antenna match well with Finite Element Method (FEM) and Method of Moments (MOM) analysis of the structure. The antenna is novel in its orthogonal design and the triangles fed differently with compact reflector. The designed octave band planar antenna (3.0–6.5 GHz) has applications in Wireless LAN and intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The compact antenna design with uniform radiation pattern is used as radiator inside a room and cabinets for RF isolation measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, a new wideband circularly polarized (CP) slot – microstrip patch antenna (SPMA) is elaborated. The proposed antenna consists of four crown patches as parasitic patches, an L-shaped crown slot etched into the ground plane as a parasitic slot, and a circular loop sequential rotating feeding structure (SRFS) as a driven element. First, four crown patches are used to stimulate a CP resonance. Second, the L-shaped crown slot is applied to excite an additional CP resonance. After that, the CP bandwidth of the antenna could be enhanced by combining these CP resonant modes. The measured results demonstrate that the antenna features a wide CPBW of 14.8% (5.30–6.15, 5.725 GHz), which has a potential application value in the WIFI (5.85–5.925 GHz) bands and the wireless local area network ITS (5.8 GHz) and (5.725–5.85 GHz). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a miniaturized broadband Bi-Yagi antenna array that covers a bandwidth from 1.79 GHz to 2.56 GHz. The proposed antenna achieves a tradeoff between maximizing bandwidth, effective area, and gain while minimizing physical dimensions. The antenna design considers the coupling between the radiator and director elements, resulting in increased bandwidth as the resonating modes shift apart. Additionally, the proposed design optimizes element spacing and dimensions to achieve high gain, wide bandwidth, efficient radiation, and a minimum aperture size. The proposed antenna, with physical dimensions of 138.6 mm × 47.7 mm × 1.57 mm, demonstrates gains ranging from 6.2 dBi to 9.34 dBi across the frequency range, with a total efficiency between 88% and 98%. The proposed design is experimentally validated by measuring the reflection coefficients, input impedance, gain, and normalized radiation pattern. These features make the antenna well suited for capturing and harvesting electromagnetic waves in mobile wireless and Wi-Fi applications.

A continuous transverse stub (CTS) array antenna with broad bandwidth and high-power handling capacity is proposed in this paper. The technologies of multi-step impedance matching and T-shaped electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) loading are utilized, which improved the antenna operating frequency bandwidth. An H-plane lens horn is used to feed the CTS array. As a result, a good bandwidth capability of more than 32% is achieved, with a gain variation less than 3.0 dB. The measured sidelobe level (SLL) is below −18 dB in the entire frequency range. Moreover, the power handling capacity of the antenna is more than 80 MW and can reach the GW level after arraying, which indicates that this antenna has application potential in the high-power microwave (HPM) field.

This paper presents a novel coupled-fed broadband dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) and 5G communication applications. The proposed magnetoelectric dipole antenna is composed of a planar electric dipole and shorting pins as a magnetic dipole to obtain a broad operation frequency band. Two coupled microstrip lines perpendicular to each other are coupled through a cross-shaped slot to excite the vertical and horizontal polarizations. The proposed antenna features a simple structure, high gain, and high polarization isolation. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 1.8–4.2 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 80%). The measured realized antenna gain value is 3.7–8.5 dBi, and polarization isolation level is 25 dB at the operation frequency band.

A broadband, unidirectional, phased array is proposed. Single antenna element of the prototyped array is a broadband windmill-like shaped antenna. Four elements of this antenna are fed by a power divider and are configured in a novel semicircular-shaped, angular-phased array. A phase difference of $\pi $ /4 was introduced by optimizing the angular path difference among four antenna elements in the array. Total 21.5% of size reduction is achieved by introducing angular-phased array in comparison with the conventional linear-phased array. The array of radius 65 mm is prototyped on the Rogers RO4232 substrate for the operating frequency range 9.35–42.89 GHz. The proposed array configuration can maintain an average gain of 8.54 dB and average radiation efficiency of 69.71% in the entire operating frequency range while exhibiting a peak gain of 11.86 dB. The presented array exhibits highly directional behavior in the endfire direction, with the 3-dB angular beamwidth in the range from 15.1° to 76.7°. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, any comparable state-of-art has not been reported yet in the literature that could provide such a large impedance bandwidth in sub-mmWave range. The proposed array may find its applications for future indoor and outdoor short-range communication networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]