1. Dose-dependent effects of transcranial photobiomodulation on brain temperature in patients with major depressive disorder: a spectroscopy study.
- Author
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Weerasekera, Akila, Coelho, David Richer Araujo, Ratai, Eva-Maria, Collins, Katherine Anne, Puerto, Aura Maria Hurtado, De Taboada, Luis, Gersten, Maia Beth, Clancy, Julie A, Hoptman, Matthew J, Irvin, Molly Kennedy, Sparpana, Allison Mary, Sullivan, Elizabeth F, Song, Xiaotong, Adib, Arwa, Cassano, Paolo, and Iosifescu, Dan Vlad
- Subjects
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PROTON magnetic resonance spectroscopy , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *MENTAL depression , *NEAR infrared radiation , *TEMPERATURE effect - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the dose-dependent brain temperature effects of transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM). Thirty adult subjects with major depressive disorder were randomized to three t-PBM sessions with different doses (low: 50 mW/cm2, medium: 300 mW/cm2, high: 850 mW/cm2) and a sham treatment. The low and medium doses were administered in continuous wave mode, while the high dose was administered in pulsed wave mode. A 3T MRI scanner was used to perform proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). A voxel with a volume of 30 × 30 × 15 mm3 was placed on the left prefrontal region. Brain temperature (°C) was derived by analyzing 1H-MRS spectrum chemical shift differences between the water (~ 4.7 ppm) and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) (~ 2.01 ppm) peaks. After quality control of the data, the following group numbers were available for both pre- and post-temperature estimations: sham (n = 10), low (n = 11), medium (n = 10), and high (n = 8). We did not detect significant temperature differences for any t-PBM-active or sham groups post-irradiation (p-value range = 0.105 and 0.781). We also tested for potential differences in the pre-post variability of brain temperature in each group. As for t-PBM active groups, the lowest fluctuation (variance) was observed for the medium dose (σ2 = 0.29), followed by the low dose (σ2 = 0.47), and the highest fluctuation was for the high dose (σ2 = 0.67). t-PBM sham condition showed the overall lowest fluctuation (σ2 = 0.11). Our 1H-MRS thermometry results showed no significant brain temperature elevations during t-PBM administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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