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This comprehensive article offers a thorough exploration of the abundant plant species that hold a deep connection with the history and daily life of Sivas, within the context of its traditional culture and ethnobotany. The Asteraceae family, which encompassed 22 species, emerged as the most diverse family. Other notable families included Brassicaceae (8 species), Fabaceae (9 species), Polygonaceae (10 species), Apiaceae (11 species), and Lamiaceae (21 species), and the study systematically classified 128 plant species and subplants into 29 different families. The study categorized these plants based on their edible parts to understand their role in Sivas' culinary traditions, revealing a wide range of edible components, including leaves, seeds, flowers, roots, tubers, gum, fruits, branches, and more. Cerinthe minor, Berberis vulgaris, Stachys lavandulifolia and others provided nourishing leaves and young shoots. The study categorized plants based on their preparation methods, highlighting their integral role in Sivas' traditional cuisine. Seeds namely Echinops orientalis and Cephalaria procera introduced culinary diversity, while certain plants, such as Geranium tuberosum and Cirsium rhizocephalum, contributed edible roots, expanding the repertoire of local dishes. Whether utilized in cooked dishes, salads, or as spices, these plants impart unique flavors and aromas to the local culinary creations. Whether used in cooked dishes, salads, or as spices, these plants add unique flavors and aromas to local food. Spices such as Mentha longifolia and Thymus leucotrichus enriched the culinary landscape, while Thymus sipyleus and Ziziphora clinopodioides brought their distinct tastes to dishes. The repeated use of common names across different species, such as "Yemlik" "Yağlıca" "Nane" and "Kekik" suggests a shared cultural heritage and linguistic connection among these plants, further emphasizing their significance in the local context. Five species have been newly documented as additions to the flora of Sivas. In summary, this study underscores the importance of preserving and appreciating the botanical knowledge and practices of Sivas traditional culture and ethnobotany. The numerical values within the findings quantitatively showcase the ecological and cultural richness of these plant species, thus making this subject a vital area of study for researchers and a valuable resource for conservationists aiming to safeguard this unique cultural and botanical heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The promotion and preservation of cultural legacies, including botanical traditions, are integral components of national identity and development strategies in many countries, particularly in the Global South. However, the manner in which cultural policies address plant-based heritage is not only influenced by contemporary priorities but also deeply rooted in historical contexts, shaped by colonial legacies. A comparative reading of the cultural policies of India and Nigeria, this research investigates the impact of colonial history on plant-based cultural heritage policies in the Global South. The study pulls from the Postcolonial and Critical Heritage Studies frameworks, to argue that the formulation and implementation of cultural policies on botanical plant heritage have been greatly impacted by colonial legacies. The result is the disparities in conservation endeavours and relegation of autochthonous knowledge. By shedding light on the on-going effects of colonialism on cultural practices and environmental conservation in the Global South, this research offers insights for policymakers, culture and heritage practitioners, and scholars seeking to address the issues around colonial legacies in cultural heritage management. It also seeks to provoke discourses on equitable and sustainable approaches to plant-based heritage preservation.

The paper presents two digital studies through the study of botanical heritage and plant morphology as inspiration for biodesign. The goal was to create conceptual urban 3D models as potential tools for solving climate challenges faced by selected cities, as well as for raising awareness of botanical heritage. For the first study carried out for the city of Nairobi from Kenya, the inspiration for biodesign was the species Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. This plant species is recognized as a symbol of the battle for the environment in Kenya. The inspiration for the second conceptual model of biodesign was the protected sycamore (Platanus x acerifolia (Aiton) Willd.) in Topčider Park in Belgrade (Serbia). As a natural monument of botanical character, this plane tree is about 200 years old. The same methodology was applied in both studies, which included field research, identification of the desired morphological pattern of plants, and digital modeling and visualization using appropriate digital (computer) tools. Two conceptual solutions are presented as the results of this research.

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