Search

This study investigated the effect of fluoride and boron compound additives on the synthesis and hydration process of calcium aluminate (CA2). The analysis showed that the temperature of the full synthesis of CA2 without mineralizing additives was 1500 °C. However, the addition of fluorine and boron compounds at 1% and 3% significantly reduced the synthesis temperature to a range of 1100–1300 °C. The addition of fluoride compounds did not result in the formation of fluoride compounds from CaO and Al2O3, except for the calcium borate phase (Ca3(BO3)2) under certain conditions. In addition, the cellular parameters of the synthesized calcium aluminate phases were not affected by the use of these additives. Hydration studies showed that fluoride additives accelerate the hydration process, potentially improving mechanical properties, while boron additives slow down the reaction with water. These results highlight the relevance of fluoride and boron additives to the synthesis process and hydration kinetics of calcium aluminate, suggesting the need for further research to optimize their application in practice. TG studies confirmed the presence of convergence with respect to X-ray determinations made. SEM, EDS and elemental concentration maps confirmed the presence of a higher Al/Ca ratio in the samples and also showed the presence of hexagonal and regular hydration products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we found that the sterically bulky α‐hydroxycarboxamide moiety is a suitable framework for protecting the boronyl group of boron reagents during aminations. Condensation of α‐hydroxycarboxamide with ArB(OH)2 produced aryloxazaborolidinone (ArOxB). The reactivity of the C‐B bond in ArOxB is easily controlled by the steric and weak electronic effects of the backbone. H2N‐(or Br−)ArOxB underwent Chan‐Evans‐Lam (C‐E‐L) or Buchwald‐Hartwig (B‐H) amination with retaining the C−B bond. On the other hand, direct C‐E‐L amination of ArOxB was also possible in an oxidative atmosphere, in which the C−B bond was activated by CuII species. Our methodology is effective for the precise synthesis of two or more arylamino group substituted arenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In this study, we explored new methods for treating aggressive brain tumors and, particularly, high-grade gliomas. These types of tumors are notoriously difficult to treat effectively; therefore, we focused on a procedure called boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). BNCT is a particle beam therapy that can selectively destroy tumor cells. However, boronophenylalanine (BPA), a boron compound currently used in this therapy, has limitations. We tested a new compound, boron-conjugated 4-iodophenylbutanamide (BC-IP) and found that even though it does not carry as much boron into the cells as BPA, it remains in the cells longer, which is beneficial for treatment. We also tested BNCT mediated by BC-IP in rats with gliomas and found that it prolonged survival compared to controls (not treated animals and neutrons only). Our work could potentially improve the treatment options for patients with high-grade gliomas. However, further research is required to understand how to best use this new compound for patient benefits. High-grade gliomas present a significant challenge in neuro-oncology because of their aggressive nature and resistance to current therapies. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a potential treatment method; however, the boron used by the carrier compounds—such as 4-borono-L-phenylalanine (L-BPA)—have limitations. This study evaluated the use of boron-conjugated 4-iodophenylbutanamide (BC-IP), a novel boron compound in BNCT, for the treatment of glioma. Using in vitro drug exposure experiments and in vivo studies, we compared BC-IP and BPA, with a focus on boron uptake and retention characteristics. The results showed that although BC-IP had a lower boron uptake than BPA, it exhibited superior retention. Furthermore, despite lower boron accumulation in tumors, BNCT mediated by BC-IP showed significant survival improvement in glioma-bearing rats compared to controls (not treated animals and neutrons only). These results suggest that BC-IP, with its unique properties, may be an alternative boron carrier for BNCT. Further research is required to optimize this potential treatment modality, which could significantly contribute to advancing the treatment of high-grade gliomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After revealing the anti-cancer properties of boron, which is included in the category of essential elements for human health by the World Health Organization, the therapeutic potential of boron compounds has been begun to be evaluated, and its molecular effect mechanisms have still been among the research subjects. In ovarian cancer, mutations or amplifications frequently occur in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway components, and dysregulation of this pathway is shown among the causes of treatment failure. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the anti-cancer properties of boron-containing DPD in SKOV3 cells, which is an epithelial ovarian cancer model, through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The cytotoxic activity of DPD in SKOV3 cells was evaluated by WST-1 test, apoptotic effect by Annexin V and JC-1 test. The gene expressions associated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were determined by real-time qRT-PCR. In SKOV3 cells, the IC50 value of DPD was found to be 6.7 mM, 5.6 mM, and 5.2 mM at 24th, 48th and 72nd hour, respectively. Compared with the untreated control group, DPD treatment was found to induce apoptosis 2.6-fold and increase mitochondrial membrane depolarization 4.5-fold. DPD treatment was found to downregulate PIK3CA, PIK3CG, AKT2, IGF1, IRS1, MAPK3, HIF-1, VEGFC, CAB39, CAB39L, STRADB, PRKAB2, PRKAG3, TELO2, RICTOR, MLST8, and EIF4B genes and upregulate TP53, GSK3B, FKBP8, TSC2, ULK1, and ULK2 genes. These results draw attention to the therapeutic potential of DPD, which is frequently exposed in daily life, in epithelial ovarian cancer and show that it can be a candidate compound in combination with chemotherapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boron-rich nanocarriers possess great potential for advanced boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) as an effective radiation treatment for invasive malignant tumors. If additionally, they can be imaged in a non-invasive and real-time manner allowing the assessment of local boron concentration, they could serve for dose calculation and image-guided BNCT to enhance tumor treatment efficacy. To meet this challenge, this study describes the design of a theranostic nanogel, enriched in 10B and fluorescent dye, to achieve selective imaging, and sufficient accumulation of boron at the tumor site. The boron-rich and fluorescent nanogels can be easily obtained via temperature triggered-assembly of hyaluronic acid (HA) modified with a thermoresponsive terpolymer. The latter was specifically designed to enable the efficient encapsulation of the fluorescent dye – an aza‑boron-dipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) – linked to 10B-enriched sodium borocaptate (BSH), in addition to induce nanogel formation below room temperature, and to enable their core-crosslinking by hydrazone bond formation. The HA nanogel considerably concentrates aza-BODIPY-BSH into the hydrophobic nanodomains made of the terpolymer chains. Here, we present the detailed synthesis of the HA-terpolymer conjugate, nanogel formation, and characterization in terms of size, morphology, and stability upon storage, as well as the biological behavior of the boron nanocarrier using real-time fluorescence imaging in cells and in vivo. This work suggested the potential of the theranostic HA nanogel as a boron delivery system for the implementation of BNCT in brain cancer and sarcoma.

Nowadays, most of teak wood that available on the market was mainly from comunity forest. Those teak woods were commonly harvested in the early age. The young teak wood from community forests possesses lower proportion of heartwood than sapwood. Those condition was generally had an affect on the wood durability. Although the wood durability was estimated to be low, but the teak wood from community forest was intensively used for furniture and house construction. Therefore, study on the sapwood durability of young teak wood from community forest is necessary. In the present study, the durability of sapwood treated by boron compound (boric acid and borax) as wood preservatives was investigated. The boron concentrations were 5, 7 and 10%. The vacuum process were used to impreg the preservative into the wood specimens called as Lowry method. The efectivity of preservation method were investigated, namely absorption, retention, penetration, efficacy of subterranean and dry-wood termites. The absorption, retention, and penetration of boron compound were 69.10–96.41 kg/m3, 4.53–5.31 kg/m3, and 3.04–3.16 mm, respectively. Absorption, retention, and penetration of preservatives showed an increasing value by increasing the preservatives concentrations, with the highest values were obtained for 10% boron concentration. Graveyard test was used to evaluate the efficacy of boron in teak sapwood to subterranean termites. During 2 months observation, mass loss and degree of wood damage were 0.42-1.37% and 6.31-18.72%. Furthermore, the efficacy of boron was also conducted for dry-wood termites. The mass loss, degree of wood damage, and dry-wood termites mortality after 28 days observation were 1.46-1.67%, 29.45-32.38%, and 87.33-95.33%, respectively. The durability of boron treatened teak sapwood against subterranean and dry-wood termites was increased. The increasing of teak sapwood durability was characterized by reduction of mass loss and degree of wood damage compared to untreated teak sapwood (control).

Surface boronizing treatment, which forms lattice defects between the boronized layer and the metal substrate, is an effective anti-corrosion strategy. We explored the bonding mode between boron-oxygen ligands and Fe substrate. [BO3] is bonded to Fe with Fe-B bonds, while [BO4] tends to form Fe-O bonds. The larger coordination number of B and O is beneficial to resist Cl- attack. Furthermore, carbon steels were amino-functionalized through a silanol condensation reaction. The electronic localization shifted toward Fe, which was conducive to the formation of hydrogen bonds between amidogen and boron-oxygen complex anions, which increased the boronizing efficiency by tenfold. [Display omitted] • The boronizing mechanism of different configurations of borates was determined. • Chemical adsorption was enhanced by amino modification to intensify boronizing. • The boronizing layer of carbon steel exhibited an exogenous self-healing effect. • After 3 days of self-diffusion boronizing, the anti-corrosion rate reached 93.9 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, because of its significant biological roles, the usage of boron has been started in animal feeding. In this research, it was aimed to investigate the ulexite's action mechanism on the zebrafish brain with an evaluation of the oxidative parameters. The adult zebrafish were exposed to four ulexite doses (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/l) in a static test apparatus for 96 h. For assessing the oxidative responses, multiple biochemical analyses were performed in brain tissues. The results indicated the supporting potential of low ulexite doses on the antioxidant system (< 40 mg/l) and that low-dose ulexite does not lead to oxidative stress in the zebrafish brain. Again, our results showed that low ulexite concentrations did not cause DNA damage or apoptosis. As a final result, in aquatic environments, ulexite (a boron compound) can be used in a safe manner, but it would be useful at higher concentrations to consider the damages of the cells that are probable to develop because of the oxidative stress [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The silicide hexaboride (B6Si) was irradiated with 60Co at room temperature to study the structural changes and weight kinetics. The B6Si samples were irradiated using a gamma source with a dose rate (D) of 0.27 Gy/s. At adsorption dose range of 9.7, 48.5, 97, 145.5 and 194 kGy. The samples were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to study the microstructural and composition changes. The XRD results showed the crystalline structure for the sample before and after irradiation (with gamma irradiation dose 9.7, 48.5 and 97 kGy). Amorphization of the sample began at the gamma irradiation dose of 145.5 kGy. Increase in gamma irradiation dose had an inverse effect on the activation energy and had a directly proportional effect on the lattice volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a radiotherapeutic modality based on the nuclear capture of slow neutrons by stable 10B atoms followed by charged particle emission that inducing extensive damage on a very localized level (10B should accumulate in the tumor area while being almost cleared from the normal surroundings. A water-soluble aza-boron-dipyrromethene dyes (BODIPY) fluorophore was reported to strongly accumulate in the tumor area with high and BNCT compatible Tumor/Healthy Tissue ratios. The clinically used 10B-BSH (sodium borocaptate) was coupled to the water-soluble aza-BODIPY platform for enhanced 10B-BSH tumor vectorization. We demonstrated a strong uptake of the compound in tumor cells and determined its biodistribution in mice-bearing tumors. A model of chorioallantoic membrane-bearing glioblastoma xenograft was developed to evidence the BNCT potential of such compound, by subjecting it to slow neutrons. We demonstrated the tumor accumulation of the compound in real-time using optical imaging and ex vivo using elemental imaging based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The tumor growth was significantly reduced as compared to BNCT with 10B-BSH. Altogether, the fluorescent aza-BODIPY/10B-BSH compound is able to vectorize and image the 10B-BSH in the tumor area, increasing its theranostic potential for efficient approach of BNCT.

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a form of tumor-cell selective particle irradiation using low-energy neutron irradiation of boron-10 (10B) to produce high-linear energy transfer (LET) alpha particles and recoiling 7Li nuclei (10B [n, alpha] 7Li) in tumor cells. Therefore, it is important to achieve the selective delivery of large amounts of 10B to tumor cells, with only small amounts of 10B to normal tissues. To develop practical materials utilizing 10B carriers, we designed and synthesized novel dodecaboranethiol (BSH)-containing kojic acid (KA-BSH). In the present study, we evaluated the effects of this novel 10B carrier on cytotoxicity, 10B concentrations in F98 rat glioma cells, and micro-distribution of KA-BSH in vitro. Furthermore, biodistribution studies were performed in a rat brain tumor model. The tumor boron concentrations showed the highest concentrations at 1 h after the termination of administration. Based on these results, neutron irradiation was evaluated at the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI) with KA-BSH. Median survival times (MSTs) of untreated and irradiated control rats were 29.5 and 30.5 days, respectively, while animals that received KA-BSH, followed by neutron irradiation, had an MST of 36.0 days (p = 0.0027, 0.0053). Based on these findings, further studies are warranted in using KA-BSH as a new B compound for malignant glioma.

A facile and rapid access to a wide range of novel 1,2,3-triazoles bearing closo -decahydrodecaborate anion [B 10 H 10 ] 2− has been developed through an efficient general synthetic approach. It is based on the nucleophilic cleavage of 2-tetrahydrofuranium decaborate with sodium azide to form the known [B 10 H 9 O(CH 2 ) 4 N 3 ] 2− . This azide derivative obtained reacted with various linear alkynes (phenylacetylene, 5-chloro-1-pentyne, heptyne, octyne, N -Boc-propargylamine and diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate) by the copper(I) catalyzed [3 + 2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) to form click-decaborate derivatives. In absence of copper and with strained cycloalkynes, the reaction is a strain-promoted cycloalkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC). All click-decaborate derivatives were obtained in pure form with high yields and characterized by 11 B, 1 H and 13 C NMR, MS-ESI, and Atomic Absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, boron embedded carbon membranes have shown superior C 2 H 4 permeability and C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 selectivity to the upper bound line under both pure and mixed gas tests. The precursors of the carbon membranes were prepared by incorporating various boron compounds with different molecular sizes into a hydrolyzed polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) and then carbonized at 700 °C. The increments in C 2 H 4 permeability and C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 selectivity followed the order of molecular size of the boron compounds. Both PALS results and CO 2 adsorption isotherms confirmed the enlarged pore size and increased pore amount. The enhancements in C 2 H 4 permeability and C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 selectivity were mainly due to the higher C 2 H 4 diffusivity and greater diffusion selectivity resulting from proper choices of boron additives and carbonization conditions. When 9,9-dihexylfluorene-2,7-diboronic acid (DHFDA) was embedded into the hydrolyzed PIM-1 and then carbonized at 700 °C, the C 2 H 4 permeability and C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 selectivity of the carbonized membrane under mixed gas tests increased from 7.5 to 13.7 Barrer and from 9.3 to 9.7, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]