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We present present-day trends in the compensation of post-traumatic defects of long bones according to the Russian literature sources. The relevance of the problem due to the growth in the number of injuries in general and in the severity of trauma is highlighted. The basic directions in the solution of the problem of compensation of bone defects are shown. The merits and shortcomings of the available techniques as well as modern implantation materials based on hydroxyapatite, bioceramics and titanium alloys are analyzed. It has been pointed out that interdisciplinary interaction with the involvement of experts in the field of tissue engineering technologies, physicians, biologists, physicists, industry specialists and a sufficient financial support is needed to create optimal implants.

A new method for correcting malunions of the distal metaepiphysis of radial bone using cortical-cancellous autologous transplant from its diaphyseal part. The correcting osteotomy with bone autotransplantation of the proposed method and osteosynthesis of radius using plates with angular stability were performed in 8 patients. Treatment results were evaluated according to the scheme Cooney-Krimmer, «DASH»-questionnaire, as well as the scheme developed by the authors. The union of bone fragments obtained after an average of 2,7 + 0,3 months. In a year after surgery excellent results were obtained in 3 patients, good results - in 5.

Research objective was the estimation of combination distraction osteosynthesis with bone plastic in treatment of children with congenital lower limb discrepancy. Results of surgical treatment of 26 children (17 girl and 9 boys) with congenital lower limb-length discrepancy are analyzed. The method consists in creation of superfluous osteogenesis in the field of prospective lengthening. The control group included 10 patients with whom lengthening was carried out by typical way. Results: at the analysis of roentgenograms faster formation of a new bone has been revealed in basic group (on the average for 7,8 days faster on each centimetre of lengthening). Combination of distraction osteosynthesis and combined bone plastics shortened the treatment period by accelerating new bone regeneration during distraction osteogenesis of the children with congenital low limb-length discrepancy.