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The study aimed to describe growth parameters and to quantify the association between linear body measurements as predictors of liveweight (LW) of Holstein-Friesian (HF), and HF crossbred dairy calves in Queensland. A secondary objective was to quantify the effect of disease events on LW change.Longitudinal study.Fortnightly LW, hip height (HH), hip width (HW) and heart girth (HG) measurements were recorded from 16 male and 28 female HF calves from birth until weaning. The association between linear body measurement and the effect of a disease event on LW change were explored using linear mixed-effects modelling with random intercepts and random slopes.HG was the best body measure used individually as a predictor of calf LW (R2 = 82%; P0.001), while the combined use of HG, HW and HH was the most accurate predictor of calf LW between birth and weaning (R2 = 90%; P0.001). HW, average feed intake and total feed intake were significantly affected by disease events (P0.05). On average, total average LW loss associated with a single pneumonia event was estimated at 14.6 kg (95% CI = 10.5 to 18.7 kg; P 0.05).Calves of this study performed at a level consistent with the previously published reports. Growth performance was significantly compromised by pneumonia. HW was found to be the least predictive individual measure, and the combined use of HH, HW and HG had the most accurate prediction of calf liveweight from birth to weaning.

Potential of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) to reflect a degree of discomfort of a caller is mostly investigated in laboratory rats and mice but poorly known in other rodents. We examined 36 (19 male, 17 female) adult yellow steppe lemmings Eolagurus luteus for presence of USVs during 8-min experimental trials including 2-min test stages of increasing discomfort: isolation, touch, handling and body measure. We found that 33 of 36 individuals vocalized at isolation stage, i.e., without any human impact. For 14 (6 male and 8 female) individuals, a repeated measures approach revealed that increasing discomfort from isolation to handling stages resulted in increase of call power quartiles and fundamental frequency, whereas call rate remained unchanged. We discuss that, in adult yellow steppe lemmings, the discomfort-related changes of USV fundamental frequency and power variables follow the same common rule as the audible calls of most mammals, whereas call rate shows a different trend. These data contribute to research focused on searching the universal acoustic cues to discomfort in mammalian USVs.

Body measurements could be used to estimate body weight (BW) with no need for a scale. The aim was to estimate heifers weight based on their body dimension characteristics. Twenty-five Holstein heifers represent the study group (SG), another 13 animals were evaluated as a validation group (VG). All the heifers were weighed (BW) and their wither height (WH), shin circumference (SC), heart girth circumference (HG), body length (BL), hip width (HW) and body condition score (BCS) were measured immediately after birth, and then weekly until 2 months and monthly until 15 months old. Equations were built with a stepwise regression in order to estimate the BW at each time using body measures for the SG. A linear regression was applied to evaluate the relationship between the estimated BW and the real BW. Equations found were to be statistically significant (r2 = 0.688 to 0.894, p &lt, 0.0001). Three variables or fewer were needed for BW estimation a total of 11/23 times. Regression analysis indicated that the use of HG was promising in all the equations built for BW estimation. These models were feasible in the field, further studies will evaluate possible modifications to our equations based on different growing rate targets.

Mobilized automatic human body measurement systems possess high mobility, easy operation, and reasonable accuracy. However, existing systems focus on accuracy and robustness rather than mobility and convenience. To overcome this shortcoming, this work presents a mobilized automatic human body measure system using a neural network (MaHuMS-NN) to promote general measurement results by supervised learning. MaHuMS-NN based on general regression NN (GRNN) selects an image, performs image processing, segments the image, and detects a silhouette for feature point extraction in the silhouette. The system measures feature size. The significant contributions of this work are as follows. First, MaHuMS-NN is the first intelligent system for anthropometry in the Android platform. Second, unlike existing systems, MaHuMS-NN can intelligently adjust when the model is optimized for prediction and perform self-error correction based on individual characteristics. Experimental results indicate that compared with existing systems, MaHuMS-NN demonstrates better performance with an accuracy of less than 0.03 m.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:46:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Red tilapia is a phenotype with potential value to the tilapia industry due to its attractive skin coloration. However, the presence of black blotches scattered on the body makes these fish less valuable than blemish-free red fish. The correlation between the degree of blotching and other economic traits is important for selective breeding programs including high-performance red fish without black blotches. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and direct and indirect effects of blotching in crossbred red tilapia on the growth rate and body measure traits using path analysis methodology. Six genetic groups were evaluated in terms of body measurements, body weight rate, and proportion of black blotching over 250 days of growth: Chitralada and Red-Stirling; crossbred F1—♀ Red-Stirling × ♂ Chitralada and ♀ Chitralada × ♂ Red-Stirling, and the introgressive crossbreeding—♀ CR × ♂ Chitralada and ♀ Chitralada × ♂ CR (C × CR). All variables showed high and positive linear correlations. Individuals with black blotches had lower coefficients of correlation with other variables (body weight and measurements); the direct and indirect effects are near zero. The path analysis indicated a lack of genetic correlation between the degree of black blotches and the economic traits of red tilapia. This facilitates the development of high growth performance red fish with blotched-free reddish skin. Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology Baiano, Campus Santa Inês Department of Animal Sciences Federal University of Lavras São Paulo State University-UNESP Agrarian Sciences Center José do Rosário Vellano University-UNIFENAS Aquaculture Center São Paulo State University-UNESP Unit of Biotechnology University of Mogi das Cruzes São Paulo State University-UNESP Aquaculture Center São Paulo State University-UNESP

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of a multicomponent program promoting physical activity on sedentary behavior, physical activity, and body measures, when relocating from cell offices to either a flex or cell office. Methods: The Active Office Design (AOD) study is a longitudinal non-randomized controlled study performed in a municipality in northern Sweden. A subsample of 86 participants were randomly recruited from the AOD study to objectively measure sedentary behavior and physical activity, using ActivPAL and ActiGraph, before and after relocation to the two different office types. The multicomponent program promoting physical activity was performed in both offices. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models. Results: Eighteen months after relocation, the total number of steps per work day increased by 21% in the flex office and 3% in the cell office group, compared to baseline. Moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during work hours increased by 42% in the flex office group and 19% in the cell office group. No changes were seen regarding sitting time at work. Small additive effects for walking and MVPA were seen for both groups during non-work time. Weight increased in the flex office group. Conclusions: This long-term study shows that a multicomponent workplace intervention can lead to increased walking time, steps, and MVPA in a flex compared to a cell office. Small additive increases of physical activity were seen during non-work time in both groups. More long-term controlled studies are needed to confirm these results.

U 34 kobýl moravskeho teplokrvnika a 19 kobýl sarvarskeho koňa bolo zmeraných sedem telesných mier a vypocitaných sesť telesných indexov za ucelom analýzy vplyvu zeme povodu (Ceska republika, Nemecko), veku (4 skupiny) a kmeňovej, pripadne plemennej prislusnosti otca (Furioso, Przedswit, Anglický plnokrvnik, Sarvarský koň, Ostatni). Vsetky kone boli merane jednou osobou. Znaky boli analyzovane metodou najmensich stvorcov (SAS, PROC GLM). Vyhodnotenim nameraných udajov sme zistili, že:1) Plemena moravský a sarvarský teplokrvnik su si z pohľadu telesných mier veľmi podobne, sarvar je akurat nositeľom dlhsieho ramca tela.2) Pri podrobnejsej analýze povodu sme zistili, že nositeľom najkratsieho ramca tela je anglickeho plnokrvnik, najdlhsieho Furioso.3) U mladsich rocnikoch sme namerali vyssie výskove miery ako u starsich.Pri porovnavani exterieru moravskeho a sarvarskeho teplokrvnika linearnym popisom sme sa zamerali na percentualne vyjadrenie najviac zastupenej exterierovej charakteristiky. Na tieto ucely sme použili metodu PROC FREQ. Z výsledkov tejto analýzy vyvodzujeme zaver, že populacia sarvarskeho koňa je v exterieri vyrovnanejsia ako populacia moravskeho teplokrvnika.

The manual body measurement method is one of the main methods for clothing enterprises to collect the body measure data for garment at present. Because there are some problems in the current measurement method, for instance, the less consideration in the clothing Ergonomics, low efficiency and poor accuracy of the data, the adjustment of the measurement process is systematical proposed, respectively from the aspects of the measurement environment, the friendliness to the measured people, the measurers' workload and the rationality of the measurement parts. And the different measurement processes' applicability in various uses is analysed. The pre-measurement, measurement and post-measurement' environment is improved. Concerning the mental endurance of the measured people, their times of changing positions during the measurement is reduced. The times of the measurers and the tools' move during the measurement is minimized. The shared points' use of the different measurement parts is adjusted. The emphasis of this paper is to prove the measurement methods in the different uses through the time and the data obtained from the experiments of the optimized measurement methods, and gives an adaptive analysis of the amended methods to achieve the purpose of optimizing the corresponding applications.

This study aimed to test the construct validity of the newly developed Chinese version of the Revised Restraint Scale (RRS) in two separate female samples from Chinese universities (n(1) = 171; n(2) = 158). The RRS is the most widely used measure of restricted eating for the purpose of achieving or maintaining a desired weight. Results showed that the 10-item Chinese RRS comprised of two subscales of concern dieting (CD) and weight fluctuation (WF), which together accounted for 53.01% of the total variance. Confirmative factor analysis supported this two-factor model as an acceptable model (χ(2)/df = 1.545, p < 0.001; RMSEA=0.059, GFI=0.938, and CFI=0.935). Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.77 for RRS, 0.71 for CD and 0.66 for WF. Significant correlations were shown between RRS and its subscales ((rRRS-CD) = 0.894, p < 0.01; r(RRS-WF) = 0.850, p < 0.01; r(CD-WF) = 0.523, p < 0.01). Moreover, RS significantly correlated with the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R (TFEQ-R), the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire-R (DEBQ-R), the Fatness Concern (FC) and the body measure index (BMI) (r = 0.548, p < 0.01; r = 0.631, p < 0.01; r = 0.620, p < 0.01; r = 0.351, p < 0.01, respectively). In sum, the RS has stable factor structure, acceptable internal consistency and satisfactory convergent reliability among female Chinese college students. The adapted scale may serve as a useful tool for identifying restrained and unrestrained eaters among Chinese women and may be particularly useful in assessing eating restraint before and after prevention and intervention programs.

In medicine, sports, bodybuilding, dressmaking etc, it is necessary to reliably measure human body. The device here presented can estimate without physical contact the perimeter of human body parts as waist, thigh, biceps etc. It can also measure the circumference of objects like tree trunks. The device actually scans the shape of the object's cross section and the perimeter measure is a byproduct. We think that the shape of human body provides much more information than simple perimeter measure, and may have many applications.

This study is about field experimentation in order to construct regression equations of perception of thermalcomfort for outdoor activities under hot and humid environment. Relationships between thermal-comfort perceptions, micro climate variables (temperatures and humidity) and body parameters (activity, clothing, body measure) have been observed and analyzed. 180 adults, men, and women participated as samples/respondents. This study is limited for situation where wind velocity is about 1 m/s, which touch the body of the respondents/samples. From questionnaires and field measurements, three regression equations have been developed, each for activity of normal walking, brisk walking, and sitting.

This study is to classify the shape of the body by means of the drop value of the middle-age women. Drop value is based on the circumstances of the body deciding the dimentions of the clothes. Therefore, the study based on the drop value seems to decided the measurement of the clothes in making mass production of ready made clothes. In order to put measure items on this study of the value on 'The fifth survey of body measure of Korean', select 785 people in middle-aged women aged from 40 to 59. And considering the characteristic of upper-drop and lower-drop, and swelling belly by accumulated fat, selected five items(Bust Circumstance - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Bust Circumstance, Waist Circumstance(Omphalion) - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Waist Circumstance(Omphalion)). The result of the study is summarized as follows. Type 1, M type of the body showed the distribution of 32.5% and belonged to low body development style. The line of human body is the nearest of the four bodies in middle-age woman out of whole shapes of 4 types and the line of human body is close to middle-age woman. Type 2, X type of the body showed the distribution of 40.8% and the line of human body remarkably showed. Type 3, H type of the body showed the distribution of 12.4% and the line of human body appears least. This group was larger than any other group in having more fat in the belly above the circumstance of the hip than other groups. Type 4, Y type of the body showed the distribution of 14.4%. This type was upper half of body development style, waist was slender, and there was seldom the bend around the circumstance of belly and hip.

The purpose of this study was to provide basic materials for the brief patterns and design development for the elderly women to select number 1 to 3 brands according to their brand preference surveying the elderly women with average shapes, and to compare and analyze the exterior fit and functionality. Accordingly, this study proposed basic materials needed for panty pattern suitable for average shapes of the elderly women. The results of the study are as follows: 1 . Looking into the style, they preferred white the best. Regarding the patterns, almost half preferred patterns and rest of them did not. With the panty with patterns, they wanted small and implicit flower patterns. The design they liked was midi, maxi and then mini in order. When looking into the brands, they preferred `Company B`, `Company SS`, `Company SY`, and then market products. The reason why they selected those panty was feeling of fitness, price and then material. 2. To classify the figures of elderly women, we grouped the subjects with strata method using minimal dispersion method. Type 1 is the average, type 2 is for obese women and type 3 is slender women. 3. 3 brands were selected that were produced using CM 40`s and elderly women preferred best. When executing wearing test on two elderly women who have average figure according to the body measures in previous study and body measure of Size Korea total exterior evaluation score was Company A, B and C in order.

Problems arising from excessive body weight may be overcome. Sport emerges to take a great part in this respect. This paper shows how human body is affected by sport.The individuals were selected from the students of two different disciplines. The body measure of students totaling to 200,, was then compared to those of the same number of students, who did not perform a regular physical activity. The values pertaining to the weight variable, implied a significant difference for both males and females. The BMI values obtained for the all students were in “no risk” group, while the average BMI values for the all female students, emerged to exhibit differences from those of the all male students.The results and the findings of this investigation implied that physical activities practiced regularly, have an influence on the body measure index of individuals.

Below we discuss the existence of a motherbody measure for the exterior inverse problem in potential theory in the complex plane. More exactly, we study the question of representability almost everywhere (a.e.) in C of (a branch of) an irreducible algebraic function as the Cauchy transform of a signed measure supported on a finite number of compact semi-analytic curves and a finite number of isolated points. Firstly, we present a large class of algebraic functions for which there (conjecturally) always exists a positive measure with the above properties. This class was discovered in our earlier study %of the eigenpolynomials of exactly solvable linear differential operators. Secondly, we investigate in detail the representability problem in the case when the Cauchy transform satisfies a quadratic equation with polynomial coefficients a.e. in C. Several conjectures and open problems are posed., Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures

This paper proposes a method to identify opportunities for increasing the efficiency of raw material allocation decisions for products that are simultaneously targeted at multiple user populations around the world. The values of 24 body measures at certain key percentiles were used to estimate the best-fitting anthropometric distributions for female and male adults in nine national populations, which were selected to represent the diverse target markets multinational companies must design for. These distributions were then used to synthesize body measure data for combined populations with a 1:1 female:male ratio. An anthropometric range metric (ARM) was proposed for assessing the variation of these body measures across the populations. At any percentile, ARM values were calculated as the percentage difference between the highest and lowest anthropometric values across the considered user populations. Based on their magnitudes, plots of ARM values computed between the 1st and 99 th percentiles for each body measure were grouped into low, medium, and high categories. This classification of body measures was proposed as a means of selecting the most suitable strategies for designing raw material-efficient products. The findings in this study and the contributions of subsequent work along these lines are expected to help achieve greater efficiencies in resource allocation in global product development.

The survey by diabetics themselves is the main means to decrease the combined illness caused by diabetes. The current measurement method is harmful or less harmful that brings pains to the patients and also has many insufficiencies in using it. Based on the task of noninvasive blood glucose measure, an outside body and inside body measure amphibious human blood glucose measuring system is designed by us in China which is used to measure and model analyze glucose liquid of different concentration, and in this paper we puts forward a new technology in analyzing the absorption spectrum of infrared ray by blood. After the measurement of the absorption spectrum of infrared by the total blood and normal human serum and higher glucose blood, this paper makes an artificial neural network training through the Levenberg-Marquardt BP neural network which depends on the character parameter in the value of the 16 special wavelength. Only by 11 times the training can match the accuracy of requirement that would meet error demands of the national measurement in biology and chemistry between -0.02~0.03 mmol/L. and the experiment is an advanced one. The research result has valuable promise to blood analysis of the infrared spectroscopy and diagnosing the disease. The experiment proves that this method, compared with the current method, is characterized by rapid training speed and accurate predication result

The task of research: 1.To analyse and systematic body measures data; 2.to analyse and systematic control slaughter’s data; 3.to count correlation coefficients between different features. Methodology. It was found correlation coefficients between body measures, growth speed, carcass output and succulence. Correlation coefficients were count by using computer program – Excel. And correlation coefficient’s reliability was found by Snedekor. Conclusions: 1.Between separate body measures and growth fastness was determinated some connexion. The biggest correlation coefficients were between body measures and growth fastness in different periods of life r = 0,444 – 0,688 (P< 0,01). 2.The biggest correlation coefficients were determinated between hinder body parts measures and succulence r = 0,493 – 0,694 (P

The object of this paper was to study the various working horses used for logging in timber industry in three areas: South, South-East and South-West Bulgaria. We sought to establish the typological diversity of horses used for work, as well as show their trend of development. An external assessment of a total of 35 working horses was made. Ten of these underwent three basic body measurements. They comprised height at withers, chest girth and shank girth. Results showed that horses from native primitive breeds were used in the areas of South and South-East Bulgaria while Haflinger, Belgian and Austrian (Noricker) heavy-draught horses were used in South-West Bulgaria.

Estimation of live weight from measurements of body dimensions is useful in many management activities with domestic animals. In present study live weight was measured from 2932 female and 1037 male semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) during different seasons in 1969-85. The age of reindeer varied between 1 day and 14 yrs. Back length (along back from second spinous process to base of tail) and chest girth (just behind front legs) were taken also from 1490 female and 510 male reindeer. The growth of reindeer from birth to adulthood was cumulative consisting of a rapid weight accretion during summers followed by a weight loss or stasis during winters. The mathematical analyses of the growth based on exponential solutions gave average values for growth of female and male reindeer. Body weight of females increased until the age of 4.5 yrs and that of males until the age of 5.5 yrs. During winter and spring body weight of hinds decreased 10 to 15 kg and that of stags 30 to 50 kg in different age groups. Significant linear regressions were found between live weight and back length (r = 0.809 and 0.892), live weight and chest girth (r = 0.860 and 0.872) and live weight and combined body measure (back length + chest girth) (r = 0.877 and 0.941) and live weight and body volume (r = 0.905 and 0.954, respectively) in female and male reindeer. Exponential regressions gave, however, the best estimations of live weight with combined body measure.

During maturation of sieve elements in Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, the P-protein bodies (slime bodies) usually disperse in the tonoplast-free cell. In some sieve elements the P-protein bodies fail to disperse. The occurrence of dispersal or nondispersal of P-protein bodies can be related to the position of the sieve elements in the stem or petiole. In the sieve elements within the vascular bundle the bodies normally disperse; in the extrafascicular sieve elements the bodies often fail to disperse. Extrafascicular sieve elements showing partial dispersal also occur. The appearance of the sieve plate in fixed material is related to the degree of dispersal or nondispersal of the P-protein bodies. In sieve elements in which complete dispersal occurs the sieve plate usually has a substantial deposit of callose, and the sieve-plate pores are filled with P protein. In sieve elements containing nondispersing P-protein bodies the sieve plate bears little or no callose, and its pores usually are essentially "open." The dispersed P-protein components may aggregate into loosely organized "strands," which sometimes extend vertically through the cell and continue through the sieve-plate pores; but they may be oriented otherwise in the cell, even transversely.