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Objective: This study aims to investigate the diagnostic, biochemical, and hematological characteristics of patients with gouty arthritis and analyze their correlations with baseline characteristics to guide clinical practice, develop personalized treatment strategies, and improve patient outcomes. Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted on 8,344 patients with acute gouty arthritis admitted to our hospital between January 2014 and December 2023. Baseline characteristics and laboratory data, including uric acid, blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, fibrinogen, and serum albumin, were collected. General linear and Pearson correlation analyses were performed to identify significant relationships. Results: Significant correlations were observed between baseline characteristics (age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and drinking status) and uric acid levels. High uric acid levels were positively correlated with inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, white blood cell count, and neutrophil count) and metabolic indicators (triglycerides, LDL-C, and creatinine) but negatively correlated with HDL-C. Notable differences in blood and biochemical indicators were identified across age, gender, and BMI groups. Conclusion: This study highlights key laboratory characteristics of gouty arthritis, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment strategies. Comprehensive interventions focusing on managing inflammation and metabolic disturbances in patients with elevated uric acid levels are critical for optimizing prognosis and improving quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective By screening and passaging G0 generation Wistar rats, we obtained hypoxia-sensitive and hypoxia-tolerant G1 generation rats, and then the differences in hypoxia sensitivity among these rats were preliminarily explored. Methods 200 Wistar rats (half male and half female) were selected as G0 generation and placed in a controlled oxygen concentration system. The hypoxia tolerance time, which refers to the time from placement to near death, was recorded for the G0 generation rats at an oxygen volume fraction of 3%. 30 rats (half male and half female) with the shortest hypoxia tolerance time were selected for mating and passage to obtain G1 generation hypoxia-sensitive rats. Similarly, 30 rats (half male and half female) with the longest hypoxia tolerance time were selected for mating and passage to obtain G1 generation hypoxia-tolerant rats. An additional 24 standard Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and a model group, with 12 rats in each group (half male and half female). The control group was kept in a normoxic environment, while the model group, along with the G1 generation hypoxia-sensitive rats (G1 sensitive group) and G1 generation hypoxia-tolerant rats (G1 tolerant group), were placed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber (simulating an altitude of 5 000 m). After 12 hours, various indicators, including blood gas, complete blood count, blood biochemistry, pathological sections, and hypoxia-related genes were detected or observed to compare the differences in hypoxia sensitivity among the 4 groups. Results Compared with the G0 generation standard rats, the hypoxia tolerance time of G1 generation rats was significantly prolonged (P0.05).ConclusionCompared with standard rats, G1 generation hypoxia-sensitive/tolerant rats exhibit good signs of hypoxia sensitivity/tolerance traits, but further screening and passage are still needed to purify them.

ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of tooth brushing frequency on blood indicators among adolescents and to preliminarily explore the effects of tooth brushing frequency on general health.MethodsUsing convenience sampling method, the study included the students of class 2021 of Jining No. 7 Middle School and student athletes from the Jining Sports Training Center. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to investigate the correlation between tooth brushing frequency and blood indicators such as eosinophil percentage (EOS%), eosinophil count (EOS#), basophil percentage (BAS%), basophil count (BAS#), superoxide dismutase (SOD), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and uric acid (UA).ResultsA total of 305 students were included (167 from Jining No. 7 Middle School, 138 from Jining Sports Training Centre), with 192 (62.95%) males and 113 (37.05%) females. They were divided into three groups based on daily teeth brushing frequency: ≤1 time (40.33%, 123/305), 2 times (53.77%, 164/305), and ≥3 times (5.90%, 18/305).Univariate linear regression analysis showed that brushing twice daily was negatively correlated with EOS%, EOS#, BAS%, and BAS#(all β > 0, all P < 0.05), and positively correlated with SOD and IGF-1(both β < 0, P=0.028, P=0.007). Brushing three or more times daily was negatively correlated with UA[β(95% CI): -0.16(-0.27~0.04), P=0.008]. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that brushing twice daily was negatively correlated with BAS%(β < 0, P=0.042) and positively correlated with SOD and IGF-1(both β > 0, P=0.036, P=0.012), while brushing three or more times daily was negatively correlated with UA(β < 0, P=0.026). Subgroup analysis revealed that in male adolescents, brushing twice daily was positively correlated with IGF-1(β > 0, P=0.044), and in female adolescents, brushing three or more times daily was negatively correlated with UA(β < 0, P=0.014).ConclusionThe adolescent tooth brushing frequency correlates with several blood indicators affecting general health, suggesting that there may be a potential association between oral health and general health.

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To compare the impact of nanoselenium and sodium selenite on the performance, blood indices, and milk metabolites of dairy cows during the peak lactation period, two groups of dairy cows under the same conditions were selected as the control group (CON group) and treatment group (NSe group) for a 38- day (10 days for adaptation and 28 days for sampling) experiment. The control group (CON) was provided a basal diet +3.3 g/d of sodium selenite (purity1%), whereas the nanoselenium group (NSe) was offered the same diet +10 mL/d of nanoselenium (selenium concentration 1,500 mg/L). The results showed that NSe significantly increased the milk yield, milk selenium content, and feed efficiency (p < 0.05), but had no significant effect on other milk components (p > 0.05). NSe significantly increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p < 0.05), but had no significant effects on malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), blood total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), or blood selenium (p > 0.05). In addition, the nontargeted metabolomics of the milk was determined by LC--MS technology, and the differentially abundant metabolites and their enrichment pathways were screened. According to these findings, NSe considerably increased the contents of cetylmannoside, undecylenoic acid, 3-hydroxypentadecanoic acid, 16-hydroxypentadecanoic acid, threonic acid, etc., but decreased the contents of galactaric acid, mesaconic acid, CDP-glucose etc. Furthermore, the enriched metabolic pathways that were screened with an impact value greater than 0.1 included metabolism of niacin and niacinamide, pyruvate, citrate cycle, riboflavin, glycerophospholipid, butanoate and tyrosine. Pearson correlation analysis also revealed a relationship between different milk metabolites and blood selenium, as well as between milk selenium and blood biochemical indices. In conclusion, compared with sodium selenite, nanoselenium improves the milk yield, feed efficiency, and milk selenium content of dairy cows and regulates milk metabolites and related metabolic pathways in Holstein dairy cows during the peak lactation period, which has certain application prospects in dairy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transport stress is a non-specific physiological response caused by the long or long-distance transportation of animals, which can severely disrupt their physiological state, hormone secretion, and immune antioxidant functions, threaten their lives. Therefore, mitigating the adverse effects of transport stress on the body is of great significance for promoting the development of translocation breeding and slaughtering in the livestock industry. The article reviews the adverse effects of transport stress on physiological indicators, endocrine hormones, heat shock proteins, immune, antioxidant functions, and organs of livestock, and introduces mitigation measures such as nutritional metabolic regulation, improvement of intestinal flora, and feeding of anti-stress additives, to provide a reference for improving the health status and welfare level of livestock during transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP), an abnormal vascular proliferative retinopathy of prematurity, is a serious condition that can lead to retinal detachment or blindness. With the development of neonatal medicine, the survival rate of low birth weight and low gestational age infants has been increasing, as well as the incidence of ROP. Therefore, studying ROP's pathogenesis and influencing factors is of great clinical importance. Numerous studies have been conducted on the risk factors for ROP, including gestational age, oxygen intake, mode of delivery, neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and the use of surfactants. At present, it is widely accepted both at home and abroad that preterm birth, low birth weight, and high oxygen concentration after birth are independent risk factors for ROP. In recent years, more and more scholars have found that abnormalities in blood indicators in preterm infants may be associated with the development of ROP. This article reviews the effects of platelets, haemoglobin, blood glucose, inflammatory cells, and lipids on ROP, providing a reference for identifying and preventing risk factors for ROP.

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the appropriate energy and protein levels of Wanxi white geese at fattening stage. A total of 180 one-day-old healthy Wanxi white geese with close body weight were randomly divided into six groups with five replicates per group and six geese per replicate. A 2×3 factor design experiment was adopted. Six diets with different energy and protein levels were designed: High metabolizable energy (12.3 MJ/kg), low metabolizable energy (11.8 MJ/kg), high protein (16.3%), medium protein (15.3%), and low protein (14.3%). The experiment lasted for 63 days. The results showed that the daily gain of Wanxi white geese in group D (11.8 MJ/kg, 16.3%) at 63 days of age was significantly higher than that in the group A, group C, and group E (P<0.05), and the ratio of feed to gain was the lowest. The intestinal maltase activity of Wanxi white geese in the group D was the highest, and significantly higher than that in the group A, group B, group E, and group F (P<0.05). The order of trypsin activity was group D > group F > group A > group C > group B > group E. The study indicates that the optimal dietary metabolizable energy and protein levels of Wanxi white geese at fattening stage are 11.8 MJ/kg and 16.3%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Transport is an unavoidable and important part of livestock husbandry. Live sheep transport is a period of high risk to their welfare, and potentially a huge hidden economic loss due to the effects on their health and/or the quality of their carcasses. Public concern about livestock transport indicates that it is important to improve the welfare of animals being transported. Prolonged transport and pre-transport fasting may particularly stress sheep, as well as potentially adversely affecting subsequent growth and/or carcass quality after slaughter. We investigated the effects of different transport times and pre-transport feeding during summer on the welfare of transported sheep of the Dorper × Mongolian breed, which are typical of the region and may be tolerant of the high temperatures in the Inner Mongolian summer. We selected 4-month-old male sheep to conduct two transport experiments, measuring the relevant blood biochemical indicators to evaluate the level of animal welfare. We found that three hours transport, compared with one hour, reduced the nutritional status of sheep, and that 12 h fasting before transport reduced the sheep's nutritional status. Increased cortisol in sheep fed pre-transport may indicate that sheep are less stressed by the transport if they have been fasted. We therefore recommend that, during hot weather, sheep transport is confined to short periods. Regarding fasting, we recommend that sheep are not fasted for a long period beforehand, because of the decline in nutritional status. Transport is a high-risk time for sheep, especially if the distances are long and sheep are fasted for a long time beforehand. Two experiments were conducted to compare transport durations of 1 hour (1 h) and 3 hours (3 h) and the effects of feeding before transport using Dorper × Mongolian sheep, which are typical of the region and may be tolerant of the high temperatures in the Inner Mongolian summer. Thirty 4-month-old male sheep were randomly divided into two treatment groups, with 15 sheep/treatment in each experiment, to evaluate the effects on blood biochemical indicators, stress hormone levels, rectal temperatures, and antioxidant status of lambs in summer. In Experiment 1, the levels of triglycerides and free fatty acids after 3 h transport were significantly lower than after 1 h transport (p < 0.05). The levels of thyroxine and malondialdehyde in blood were greater after 3 h transport than 1 h transport (p < 0.05). Creatine kinase levels after 3 h transport tended to be lower than after 1 h transport (p = 0.051). In Experiment 2, the levels of urea and superoxide dismutase in the group fasted pre-transport was significantly lower than those of the group fed pre-transport (p < 0.05). The serum cortisol level in the pre-transport fed group was higher compared to the group fed pre-transport (p = 0.04). Total antioxidant capacity in the pre-transport fasted group tended to be lower compared to that in the pre-transport fed group (p < 0.0001). We conclude that the reduction in nutritional status of sheep transported for longer and without feed pre-transport suggests that transporting sheep in hot conditions in northern China after fasting for a long period should be restricted. However, a decrease in the stress induced by transport following fasting is worthy of further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The most prevalent mesenchymal-derived gastrointestinal cancers are gastric stromal tumors (GSTs), which have the highest incidence (60–70%) of all gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, simple and effective diagnostic and screening methods for GST remain a great challenge at home and abroad. This study aimed to build a GST early warning system based on a combination of machine learning algorithms and routine blood, biochemical and tumour marker indicators. Methods In total, 697 complete samples were collected from four hospitals in Gansu Province, including 42 blood indicators from 318 pretreatment GST patients, 180 samples of gastric polyps and 199 healthy individuals. In this study, three algorithms, gradient boosting machine (GBM), random forest (RF), and logistic regression (LR), were chosen to build GST prediction models for comparison. The performance and stability of the models were evaluated using two different validation techniques: 5-fold cross-validation and external validation. The DeLong test assesses significant differences in AUC values by comparing different ROC curves, the variance and covariance of the AUC value. Results The AUC values of both the GBM and RF models were higher than those of the LR model, and this difference was statistically significant (P

Simple Summary: Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) poses a significant challenge in managing cattle health. This intricate disease affects both the upper and lower respiratory tracts in cattle and is influenced by various environmental, host, and microbial factors. The lack of standardized definitions complicates diagnosis and treatment, with dairy and beef cattle being commonly affected. Environmental stressors such as overcrowding, transportation, and poor ventilation increase susceptibility, while pathogens like Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis contribute to its manifestation. Despite antibiotics being the conventional treatment, the rise of antimicrobial resistance is a major concern. Current diagnostic strategies rely on observing clinical signs like fever, cough, and nasal discharge, requiring skilled personnel for accurate detection. However, modern diagnostic tools, including imaging, biomarkers, and automated analysis, offer new perspectives on BRD diagnosis. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of BRD, its existing diagnostic strategies, and the potential of emerging field-based diagnostic technologies for timely and optimal care. Despite significant advances in vaccination strategies and antibiotic therapy, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be the leading disease affecting the global cattle industry. The etiology of BRD is complex, often involving multiple microbial agents, which lead to intricate interactions between the host immune system and pathogens during various beef production stages. These interactions present environmental, social, and geographical challenges. Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective disease management. Nevertheless, correct identification of BRD cases remains a daunting challenge for animal health technicians in feedlots. In response to current regulations, there is a growing interest in refining clinical diagnoses of BRD to curb the overuse of antimicrobials. This shift marks a pivotal first step toward establishing a structured diagnostic framework for this disease. This review article provides an update on recent developments and future perspectives in clinical diagnostics and prognostic techniques for BRD, assessing their benefits and limitations. The methods discussed include the evaluation of clinical signs and animal behavior, biomarker analysis, molecular diagnostics, ultrasound imaging, and prognostic modeling. While some techniques show promise as standalone diagnostics, it is likely that a multifaceted approach—leveraging a combination of these methods—will yield the most accurate diagnosis of BRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the differences in the effectiveness of using different blood indicators individually，in combination，and for dynamic monitoring in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and prognosis of bacterial infections. Methods　1843 cases with infectious symptoms or signs from January 2015 to September 2022 at the People’s Hospital of Yuxi City were selected as the case group，and 2 298 uninfected individuals during the same period were selected as the control group. Blood indicators of the two groups were collected. Variables were grouped according to gender, age group, specimen type, etc. SPSS 24.0 and Medcalc 20.0 were used for statistical analysis. Results The individual diagnostic efficacy of various blood indicators for detecting infection ranges from 0.656 to 0.937. When used together, the efficacy ranges from 0.907 to 0.987. The efficacy of distinguishing between G+c and G-b in different specimens is as follows: when PCT is used alone in blood, the AUC is 0.875 for males and 0.769 for females. However, the individual diagnostic efficacy in male mucous secretions, sterile body fluids, and non)adult male sputum is all ≤0.7. Yet, when used together，the efficacy is AUC（0.789，0.737，0.86） respectively. The dynamic monitoring of PCT， IL-6， CRP， WBC， and LAC in adult patients at 24 h， 48 h， and 72 h after admission shows statistically significant differences in prognostic efficacy for G+c and G-b（ P < 0.05） . Conclusions　Blood indicators have a certain diagnostic value for determining whether there is a bacterial infection， and there are gender differences. The combined use of these indicators is more effective. The diagnostic value of using blood indicators alone or in combination for distinguishing between G+c and G-b in different types of specimens varies. The use of PCT alone in blood specimens is the most effective. For adult males，the combined use of body surface mucous secretions and sterile body fluids is most effective，while for underage males，the combined use of sputum is most effective. The combined use for females is not effective. Dynamic monitoring of PCT，CRP，IL-6， LAC，and WBC has a high value for evaluating the prognosis and therapeutic effect of infections. The evaluation of G+c infection is most effective at 24 hours for IL-6，and for G-b infection，it is most effective at 72 hours for PCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antenatal exposure to air pollutants is thought to be associated with a variety of maternal blood markers as well as adverse birth outcomes. However, the dysgenic influence of air pollutants on the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in mothers and their pregnancy outcomes remains unclear. In the current study, 371 mother-infant pairs (189 healthy: 182 APS) from Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital as well as air pollutants concentration from their living environment were used to investigate correlations between air pollution with maternal blood indicators and fetal birth weight in the groups of APS and healthy mothers. Generalized linear model was used to evaluate the contributions of air pollutant exposure during pregnancy to the blood indicators variation. The relationships between birth weight with specific air pollutant and blood index were analyzed using ridge regression. Results showed that APS fetal birth weight was significantly impacted by air pollutant exposure during pregnancy, in particular, the birth weight decreased significantly along with increasing fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and fine particulate matter 10 (PM10) exposure concentrations throughout pregnancy. In contrast, birth weight increased significantly with sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure. In addition, APS-related blood indicators comprised of platelet distribution width (PDW), total bilirubin (TBIL), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-larger cell ratio (P_LCR), homocysteine (HCY), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin (DBIL), basophilic granulocyte (BAS), platelet thrombocytocrit (PCT), preprandial glucose levels (OGTT0), monocytes (MON), and monocytes ratio (MON_ratio) were also strongly related with prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and PM10, in which PDW levels showed most strongly negative impaction on fetal birth weight. Together, we showed that prenatal exposure to air pollutant (PM2.5 and PM10) may exacerbate the poor birth outcomes of low birth weight by impacting APS maternal blood indicators especially for PDW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The most prevalent mesenchymal-derived gastrointestinal cancers are gastric stromal tumors (GSTs), which have the highest incidence (60–70%) of all gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, simple and effective diagnostic and screening methods for GST remain a great challenge at home and abroad. This study aimed to build a GST early warning system based on a combination of machine learning algorithms and routine blood, biochemical and tumour marker indicators. Methods: In total, 697 complete samples were collected from four hospitals in Gansu Province, including 42 blood indicators from 318 pretreatment GST patients, 180 samples of gastric polyps and 199 healthy individuals. In this study, three algorithms, gradient boosting machine (GBM), random forest (RF), and logistic regression (LR), were chosen to build GST prediction models for comparison. The performance and stability of the models were evaluated using two different validation techniques: 5-fold cross-validation and external validation. The DeLong test assesses significant differences in AUC values by comparing different ROC curves, the variance and covariance of the AUC value. Results: The AUC values of both the GBM and RF models were higher than those of the LR model, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The GBM model was considered to be the optimal model, as a larger area was enclosed by the ROC curve, and the axes indicated robust model classification performance according to the accepted model discriminant. Finally, the integration of 8 top-ranked blood indices was proven to be able to distinguish GST from gastric polyps and healthy people with sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of 0.941, 0.807 and 0.951 for the cross-validation set, respectively. Conclusion: The GBM demonstrated powerful classification performance and was able to rapidly distinguish GST patients from gastric polyps and healthy individuals. This identification system not only provides an innovative strategy for the diagnosis of GST but also enables the exploration of hidden associations between blood parameters and GST for subsequent studies on the prevention and disease surveillance management of GST. The GST discrimination system is available online for free testing of doctors and high-risk groups at https://jzlyc.gsyy.cn/bear/mobile/index.html. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of substituting Tofu residual after fermentation and enzymolysis for a portion of basal diet on the prodution performance, carcass traits, meat quality, blood indicators, and intestinal health of growing-finishing pigs. A single-factor randomized experimental design was employed, with 800 healthy DLY (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire)three-way crossbred pigs selected, with an average initial body weight of (23.5±5.1) kg. The pigs were randomly divided into two groups, with 20 replicates per group and 20 pigs per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet without Tofu residual, while the experimental group was fed a basal diet with Tofu residual after fermentation and enzymolysis, with an average substitution rate of 3.34% on a dry matter basis throughout the experiment. The pigs were fed a liquid diet throughout the 168-day trial period. At the end of the experiment, seven pigs with similar body weights were selected from each treatment group for slaughter and sampling to measure carcass performance and meat quality. The results showed that: ① Compared to the control group, the experimental group exhibited significantly improved growth performance, with a 6.1% increase in average daily gain (820 g vs 870 g), a 7.3% decrease in average feed conversion ratio (2.75 vs 2.55), a 2.5 percentage point reduction in mortality rate (5.5% vs 3.0%), and a 9.9% decrease in feed cost per kilogram of weight gain (8.51 CNY/kg vs 7.67 CNY/kg); ② compared to the control group, the experimental group showed a significant increase in the abundance of colonic Lactobacillus genus (P<0.05);③ there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in carcass traits, meat quality, serum urea nitrogen and albumin levels, antioxidant and immune parameters, intestinal morphology and goblet cell count, intestinal tight junction protein and mucin expression between the two groups. The results of this study indicate that substituting 3.34% of the basal diet dry matter with Tofu residual after fermentation and enzymolysis and feeding it in liquid form significantly improves growth performance and efficiency, without adverse effects on carcass traits and meat quality, as well as no apparent impact on pig metabolism and overall health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Winter cold stress is a major environmental factor affecting cattle industry production in northern China. Determining the effects of prolonged cold stress on the relevant biological mechanisms in cattle can help develop effective mitigation measures. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of long-term cold stress on growth performance, physiological mechanisms, blood biochemical, and stress hormones of Simmental crossbred bulls. Results indicated that the physiological behavior, digestive function, and contents of enzymes and hormones in the body changed in Simmental cattle during winter, which enhanced the body's heat production to maintain the body temperature constant and ultimately led to impaired growth and development. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a long-term cold environment on growth performance, physiological behavior, biochemical blood indexes, and hormone levels in Simmental cattle. Thirty Simmental crossbred bulls (weight = 350 ± 17 kg, 13–14 months old) were selected for two trials at autumn suitable temperatures (A-ST) and winter cold temperatures (W-CT) (15 cattle per season). The results showed that compared with the A-ST group, dry matter intake (p < 0.05) and feed:gain (p < 0.01) of the W-CT group increased, while body weight (p < 0.01) and average daily gain (p < 0.01) significantly decreased. Long-term cold stress also increased lying time (p < 0.01), feeding time (p < 0.05), and pulse rate (p < 0.01) in the W-CT group, while the rumen volatile fatty acids content (p < 0.01) and apparent digestibility of nutrients (p < 0.05) were significantly decreased. In terms of blood indicators, long-term cold stress increased the concentrations of glucose, glucose metabolic enzymes, glucocorticoids, triiodothyronine, and tetraiodothyronine in the plasma of the W-CT group (p < 0.05), but the levels of triglycerides, β-hydroxybutyrate, propionate, insulin, and growth hormone were decreased (p < 0.01). In summary, long-term cold stress may inhibit the digestive function of Simmental cattle and enhance the body's energy metabolism and stress hormone imbalance, ultimately damaging the normal growth and development of the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the study, Wheat germ, Hops and Grape seed extracts were made into a mixture (BX). The BX was supplemented in AA + broilers diets to investigate the effects of BX on broiler growth performance, blood indicators, microbiota, and noxious gas emissions in faeces. Four hundred and eighty 1-day-old AA + male broilers with an average initial body weight (44.82 ± 0.26) were randomly divided into four dietary treatments of six replicates each, with 20 birds per replicate. The experimental groups consisted of a group fed a basal diet and groups fed basal diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% BX. The trail was 42 days. The results showed that supplementing the dietary with graded levels of BX linearly increased ADG and ADFI from days 22-42 and 1-42. When dietarys supplemented with 0.2% BX significantly increased ADG and ADFI on days 22-42 and 1-42 (p < 0.05). The addition of BX reduced H2S and NH3 emissions in the faeces; the levels of E. coli and Salmonella in the faeces were significantly reduced and the levels of Lactobacillus were increased (p < 0.05). In this trial, when the diet was supplemented with 0.2% BX, faecal levels of E. coli and Salmonella were consistently at their lowest levels and Lactobacillus were at their highest. At the same time, NH3 and H2S emissions from broiler faecal also had been at their lowest levels. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with a 0.2% BX could improve the growth performance of broilers and also reduced faecal H2S and NH3 emissions, as well as faecal levels of E. coli and Salmonella, and increased levels of Lactobacillus. Thus, BX made by Wheat germ, Hops and Grape seed extract is expected to be an alternative to antibiotics. And based on the results of this trial, the recommended dose for use in on-farm production was 0.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the complete blood cell count (CBC) due to the action of various medical substances are a common phenomenon. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are no exception. Ibuprofen, as the NSAID representative, may not only cause the formation of a gastric ulcer but also causes significant changes in the blood’s morphological parameters, hence disrupting systemic homeostasis. The results of the effect of Humilid on the restoration and normalization of haematological parameters in Ibuprofen-induced gastric ulcers in laboratory rats are presented. During the study, which lasted 21 days, it was found that on the third day of the experiment, Ibuprofen in the amount of 400 mg/kg of body weight caused microcytic hypochromic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia with neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia and monocytopenia. On the 21st day of the experiment, in the group of animals where Humilid (5 mg/kg) was used after Ibuprofen-induced gastric ulcers, the haemoglobin content was 11% higher than in the rats of the group where Humilid was not used and 23% higher (p

Background: AECOPD is the most common cause of death among infectious diseases in developing countries, and also an important cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. In recent years, related scoring systems such as the mMRC score and CAT questionnaire have been widely used to assess the severity of AECOPD. However, they both have some shortcomings in predicting the admission of AECOPD patients to the ICU. This study aimed to develop a new prediction model to predict the admission of AECOPD patients to the ICU based on objective blood indicators. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Enrolled patients with AECOPD underwent blood gas analysis as well as biomarker testing for serum inflammatory markers, including white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophils, D-dimer, procalcitonin (PCT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). General characteristics such as age and gender were also recorded. The main observation was admission to the ICU. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to explore independent risk factors for admission to the ICU in patients with AECOPD, which could be used as components of a new predictive model. Subject receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the new model, which consisted of all independent risk factors predicting the primary outcome. Results: Initially, 369 patients with AECOPD were admitted to the general ward, of which 119 were subsequently transferred to the ICU (119/369). PaCO2, WBC, D-dimer, PCT, and hs-CRP were independent risk factors for admission to the ICU in patients with AECOPD. The AUC of the new prediction model (combined model consisting of PaCO2, WBC, D-dimer, PCT, and hs-CRP) was 0.94 (95% CI 0.92 - 0.97). The sensitivity was 80.7% and the specificity was 94.8%. Conclusions: The model for predicting the admission of AECOPD patients to the ICU based on blood indicators has a high specificity and sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary fat is a vital component of fish nutrition. Fish oil (FO) is considered the best source of fat due to its balanced fatty acid content. This prompted nutritionists to consider reducing the reliance on fish oil in fish diets by substituting it for cheaper and more readily available vegetable oils. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different dietary ratios of fish oil: soybean oil (SO). Four isonitrogenous (30.99% crude protein) and isolipidic (16.92%) diets were formulated to obtain four different dietary ratios of FO: SO. The formulated diets contained the tested oils, either as the sole source of (FO, FO100: SO0 and SO, FO0: SO100), or various combinations of FO and SO (FO75: SO25 and FO50: SO50). One hundred and eighty Liza carinata fingerlings with an initial weight of 1.54 ± 0.18 g were distributed into 12 plastic tanks (55L each, triplicate per treatment). The experiment was conducted for 60-days. The best significant (P < 0.05) FCR and protein efficiency ratio (PER) values were reported for FO75: SO25 diet, compared to the other experimental treatments. The results observed that the higher FO content (FO100: SO0 and FO75: SO25 diets) had higher n-3 FA content such as 20:5n3 EPA and 22:6n-3 DHA than the diet with higher SO ratios (FO50: SO50 and FO0: SO100). The results of the present study suggested that Liza carinata fingerlings fed diet FO75: SO25 for 60-days enhanced growth performance, diet utilization efficiency, FCR, and hematological indices. The body fatty acid (FA) profile in the experimental fish groups reflected the FA profile of their respective diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sheep crude tail fat has unique nutritional values and is used as a raw material for high-quality natural oil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics on the metabolites and flavor of sheep crude tail fat. In this study, 12 Sunit sheep were randomly divided into an experimental group (LTF, basal feed + Lactiplantibacillusplantarum powder) and a control group (CTF, basal feed). The results of sheep crude tail fat analysis showed that blood lipid parameters were significantly lower and the expression of fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase genes higher in the LTF group than in the CTF group (p < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry showed that the contents of metabolites such as eicosapentaenoic acid, 16-hydroxypalmitic acid, and L-citrulline were higher in the LTF group (p < 0.01). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry detection of volatile flavor compounds in the tail fat showed that nonanal, decanal, and 1-hexanol were more abundant in the LTF group (p < 0.05). Therefore, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum feeding affected blood lipid parameters, expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, tail fat metabolites, and volatile flavor compounds in Sunit sheep. In this study, probiotics feeding was demonstrated to support high-value sheep crude tail fat production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to compare the immunomodulatory effects of the chicken soups prepared with the native free-range chickens and the commercial caged broilers in the immunosuppressive mice. The immunosuppressive mice model was established by the intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg of cyclophosphamide (CTX) per kg body weight. The powders of Gushi Chicken Soup (GCS), Honglashan Chicken Soup (HCS), and Cobb Broiler Soup (CBS) were prepared by high-pressure stewing followed by spray drying. The chicken soups' nutrient content and the effects of three chicken soups on the body weight, organ index, blood index, and serum cytokine and immunoglobulin contents in the immunosuppressive mice were determined. The three chicken soups promoted the recovery of immunosuppressive mice, but the expression mechanisms were different. The GCS was more effective than the HCS and CBS in restoring blood index, promoting cytokine secretion, and increasing immunoglobulin content (P < 0.05). The HCS stimulated the Th1-type immune response and promoted immunoglobulin secretion (P < 0.05), while the CBS increased the production of CD4+ and promoted the T-cell functions better than other soups (P < 0.05). Although soups from the native free-range chickens and the commercial caged broilers showed distinctly different mechanisms in promoting immunity, both could be used as potential immunomodulators.

This investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of the biofloc system on growth, digestive activity, proximate composition, and hematology of Asian stinging catfish for 120 days. Fingerlings (n = 2,700; 4.40 ± 0.10 g) were randomly distributed in six outdoor circular tanks (3,000 L) with supplementary aeration and hand-fed with a commercial diet (35% CP) at 5%–2% of the biomass in the control group and 2%–1% in the biofloc group (sugarcane molasses) to establish a (C/N) ratio 10:1. Ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and total suspended solids were significantly lower in the BFT than in the control (P < 0.05). Suspended floc significantly ameliorates mean weight gain, percent weight gain, mean total biomass, specific growth rate, and feed utilization compared to the control (P < 0.05). Protease and amylase activity in the intestine and liver lipase activity of fish were found to be significantly higher in the biofloc group (P < 0.05). An improved hematological profile was observed in the biofloc groups (P < 0.05). The crude protein and lipid content was also higher in the biofloc system than in the control. This study indicates that biofloc would be the best alternative approach for sustainable aquaculture production of Asian singing catfish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of two stunning methods (carbon monoxide asphyxia, CO, and electroshock, E) on blood plasma parameters, rigor index, fillet pH and shape changes, ATP breakdown and Adenylate Energy Charge (AEC) in muscle immediately post mortem were investigated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kept in tanks containing water set at 8 °C or 12 °C. Both the methods here adopted induced a stress-response which, however, was not able to affect the rigor mortis development and fillet pH. The fillets from the E group showed the strongest length contraction and width increase at 48 h post mortem. The CO stunning method exhibited the highest levels of both ATP and AEC in the muscle immediately after death, equal to 2.28 µmol/g and 0.83, respectively, while 1.12 µmol/g and 0.64 values were found in the E group. In addition, we found that the water temperature might interact with the stunning method and minimise the stress response. In the present trial, the most suitable use of the CO stunning method would be coupled with 12 °C of rearing water temperature to better preserve ATP and AEC in muscles.Highlights CO stunning preserves ATP and AEC in trout muscle better than electrical stunning Water temperature might interact with the stunning and minimise the stress response CO stunning is suggested to be coupled with 12 °C of water temperature Electricity should be avoided at 8 °C of water temperature

The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of different yeast cultures (YC) on the blood indicators and rumen microflora of lactating dairy cows. 64 Holstein cows with similar parity, days in milk and milk yield were selected and randomly divided into four groups with 16 replicates in each group and one cow in each replicate. The cows in each group were fed with basal diet supplemented with 150 g/(head·d) YC1 and 80 g/(head·d) YC2, 100 g/(head·d) YC2 and 40 g/(head·d) YC3 (YC1 group, L-YC2 group, H-YC2 group, YC3 group). The experimental period was 60 d. The results showed that at 30 d, the triglyceride content in H-YC2 group was significantly higher than that in YC1 group and YC3 group (P<0.05). The cholesterol content in H-YC2 group and YC3 group was significantly higher than that in YC1 group (P<0.05). The concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 in H-YC2 group was significantly lower than that in the other three groups (P<0.05), the content of urea nitrogen was significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P<0.05). The activity of alanine aminotransferase in H-YC2 group was significantly higher than that in L-YC2 group and YC3 group (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Fibrobacter in L-YC2 group was significantly lower than that in H-YC2 group and YC3 group (P<0.05). The relative abundance of cyanobacteria in the H-YC2 group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that different yeast cultures has different effects on blood indicators and rumen microflora of lactating dairy cows. Considering blood indicators and rumen microflora, the effect of YC3 is close to that of YC1, and increasing the amount of YC2 does not produce additional effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) can improve the growth performance of bulls. This study investigated the influences of GAA addition on growth, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation and serum metabolites in bulls. Forty-eight Angus bulls were randomly allocated to experimental treatments, that is, control, low-GAA (LGAA), medium-GAA (MGAA) and high-GAA (HGAA), with GAA supplementation at 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 g/kg DM, respectively. Bulls were fed a basal diet containing 500 g/kg DM concentrate and 500 g/kg DM roughage. The experimental period was 104 days, with 14 days for adaptation and 90 days for data collection. Bulls in the MGAA and HGAA groups had higher DM intake and average daily gain than bulls in the LGAA and control groups. The feed conversion ratio was lowest in MGAA and highest in the control. Bulls receiving 0.9 g/kg DM GAA addition had higher digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF and ADF than bulls in other groups. The digestibility of CP was higher for HGAA than for LGAA and control. The ruminal pH was lower for MGAA, and the total volatile fatty acid concentration was greater for MGAA and HGAA than for the control. The acetate proportion and acetate-to-propionate ratio were lower for MGAA than for LGAA and control. The propionate proportion was higher for MGAA than for control. Bulls receiving GAA addition showed decreased ruminal ammonia N. Bulls in MGAA and HGAA had higher cellobiase, pectinase and protease activities and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminobacter amylophilus populations than bulls in LGAA and control. However, the total protozoan population was lower for MGAA and HGAA than for LGAA and control. The total bacterial and Ruminococcus flavefaciens populations increased with GAA addition. The blood level of creatine was higher for HGAA, and the activity of l-arginine glycine amidine transferase was lower for MGAA and HGAA, than for control. The blood activity of guanidine acetate N-methyltransferase and the level of folate decreased in the GAA addition groups. The results indicated that dietary addition of 0.6 or 0.9 g/kg DM GAA improved growth performance, nutrient digestion and ruminal fermentation in bulls.

The speed of urbanization in China is accelerating, and urban residents' pursuit of health is getting higher and higher. Many fitness enthusiasts are more willing to train in an indoor environment to improve the basis of sports standards for various physical indicators. Indoor ambient air quality has a certain impact on the health of the builders. According to the different standards and differences of indoor ambient air quality, we analyze and evaluate the blood indicators of exercisers of different intensities, and propose an analysis of the influence of changes in indoor environmental air quality on the changes of exercisers' blood indexes. We select 48 fitness athletes as the research objects and divide them into four ABCD groups. The ABC group all exercise in an environment with normal, poor, and bad indoor ambient air quality, and the D group is a clean indoor ambient air quality training. We compare the results of the 4 groups and observe the changes in blood indexes. The average results of the hemoglobin concentration (Hb) of the three groups of ABC: 132g/L (14.2g/dl) in group A, 125g/L (13.5g/dl) in group B, 122g/L (11.5g/dl) in group C. Indoor fitness is performed in environments with normal, poor, and bad indoor air quality. The hemoglobin concentration indicators of the three groups of people show a gradual decrease trend, which shows that it is easier to cause the hemoglobin concentration to decrease in an environment with poor indoor air quality. The D group 149g/L (14.2g/dl) maintains a reasonable range, and the normal indoor environment has no influence on it. The test results of the red blood cell count (RBC) of the ABC group are: A group of 4.5X1012/L, B group of 5.6X1012/L, and C group of 6.1X1012/L, indicating that poor indoor air quality can cause certain cellular anemia and hematopoietic disorders, affect the operation of the lungs and heart, and be harmful to the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sheep crude tail fat has unique nutritional values and is used as a raw material for high-quality natural oil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics on the metabolites and flavor of sheep crude tail fat. In this study, 12 Sunit sheep were randomly divided into an experimental group (LTF, basal feed + Lactiplantibacillusplantarum powder) and a control group (CTF, basal feed). The results of sheep crude tail fat analysis showed that blood lipid parameters were significantly lower and the expression of fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase genes higher in the LTF group than in the CTF group (p < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry showed that the contents of metabolites such as eicosapentaenoic acid, 16-hydroxypalmitic acid, and L-citrulline were higher in the LTF group (p < 0.01). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry detection of volatile flavor compounds in the tail fat showed that nonanal, decanal, and 1-hexanol were more abundant in the LTF group (p < 0.05). Therefore, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum feeding affected blood lipid parameters, expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, tail fat metabolites, and volatile flavor compounds in Sunit sheep. In this study, probiotics feeding was demonstrated to support high-value sheep crude tail fat production.

To explore the characteristics of hematologic indicators and related risk factors of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LDVT) in patients with cerebral infarction., Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed data from 174 patients with cerebral infarction admitted to The Rehabilitation Department of Shanghai Fifth Rehabilitation Hospital and Shanghai First People's Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023. Based on the results of lower limb venous color Doppler ultrasound examinations, patients were divided into two groups: the LDVT group (35 cases) and the non-LDVT group (139 cases). We compared the clinical data and hematologic indicators (D-dimer value, fibrinogen, white blood cells, platelets, uric acid, creatinine, etc.) of the two groups to identify the risk factors of cerebral infarction complicated with LDVT., Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the D-dimer values of the LDVT group were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the non-LDVT group. The uric acid value of the LDVT group was significantly lower than that of the non-LDVT group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The Brunnstrom staging in the LDVT group was significantly different from that in the non-LDVT group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, binary logistic regression analysis showed that LDVT complicated with cerebral infarction was associated with D-dimer level [OR=1.302, 95% CI (1.077, 1.575)], uric acid level [OR=0.995, 95% CI (0.990, 1.000)], and Brunnstrom staging [OR=3.005, 95% CI (1.312, 6.880)]., Conclusion: D-dimer value, uric acid value, and Brunnstrom stage I to II are closely related to the occurrence of LDVT in patients with cerebral infarction. High D-dimer value, low uric acid value, and Brunnstrom stage I to II are independent risk factors for LDVT in cerebral infarction. Early assessment of D-dimer value, uric acid value, and Brunnstrom stage of cerebral infarction should be considered in clinical practice., Competing Interests: None., (AJCEI Copyright © 2024.)

BackgroundTumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have important roles in predicting tumor therapeutic responses and progression, however, the method of evaluating TILs is complicated. We attempted to explore the association of TILs with clinicopathological characteristics and blood indicators, and to develop nomograms to predict the density of TILs in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).MethodsThe clinical profiles of 197 consecutive postoperative HGSOC patients were retrospectively analyzed. Tumor tissues and matched normal fallopian tubes were immunostained for CD3+, CD8+, and CD4+ T cells on corresponding tissue microarrays and the numbers of TILs were counted using the NIH ImageJ software. The patients were classified into low- or high-density groups for each marker (CD3, CD4, CD8). The associations of the investigated TILs to clinicopathological characteristics and blood indicators were assessed and the related predictors for densities of TILs were used to develop nomograms; which were then further evaluated using the C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration plots.ResultsMenopausal status, estrogen receptor (ER), Ki-67 index, white blood cell (WBC), platelets (PLT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) had significant association with densities of tumor-infiltrating CD3+, CD8+, or CD4+ T cells. The calibration curves of the CD3+ (C-index = 0.748), CD8+ (C-index = 0.683) and CD4+ TILs nomogram (C-index = 0.759) demonstrated excellent agreement between predictions and actual observations. ROC curves of internal validation indicated good discrimination for the CD8+ TILs nomogram [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.659, 95% CI 0.582–0.736] and encouraging performance for the CD3+ (AUC= 0.708, 95% CI 0.636–0.781) and CD4+ TILs nomogram (AUC = 0.730, 95% CI 0.659–0.801).ConclusionMenopausal status, ER, Ki-67 index, WBC, PLT, LDH, and CA153 could reflect the densities of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Novel nomograms are conducive to monitor the immune status of patients with HGSOC and help doctors to formulate the appropriate treatment strategies.

Background: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have important roles in predicting tumor therapeutic responses and progression, however, the method of evaluating TILs is complicated. We attempted to explore the association of TILs with clinicopathological characteristics and blood indicators, and to develop nomograms to predict the density of TILs in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Methods: The clinical profiles of 197 consecutive postoperative HGSOC patients were retrospectively analyzed. Tumor tissues and matched normal fallopian tubes were immunostained for CD3+, CD8+, and CD4+ T cells on corresponding tissue microarrays and the numbers of TILs were counted using the NIH ImageJ software. The patients were classified into low- or high-density groups for each marker (CD3, CD4, CD8). The associations of the investigated TILs to clinicopathological characteristics and blood indicators were assessed and the related predictors for densities of TILs were used to develop nomograms; which were then further evaluated using the C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration plots. Results: Menopausal status, estrogen receptor (ER), Ki-67 index, white blood cell (WBC), platelets (PLT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) had significant association with densities of tumor-infiltrating CD3+, CD8+, or CD4+ T cells. The calibration curves of the CD3+ (C-index = 0.748), CD8+ (C-index = 0.683) and CD4+ TILs nomogram (C-index = 0.759) demonstrated excellent agreement between predictions and actual observations. ROC curves of internal validation indicated good discrimination for the CD8+ TILs nomogram [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.659, 95% CI 0.582–0.736] and encouraging performance for the CD3+ (AUC= 0.708, 95% CI 0.636–0.781) and CD4+ TILs nomogram (AUC = 0.730, 95% CI 0.659–0.801). Conclusion: Menopausal status, ER, Ki-67 index, WBC, PLT, LDH, and CA153 could reflect the densities of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Novel nomograms are conducive to monitor the immune status of patients with HGSOC and help doctors to formulate the appropriate treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of two stunning methods (carbon monoxide asphyxia, CO, and electroshock, E) on blood plasma parameters, rigor index, fillet pH and shape changes, ATP breakdown and Adenylate Energy Charge (AEC) in muscle immediately post mortem were investigated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kept in tanks containing water set at 8 °C or 12 °C. Both the methods here adopted induced a stress-response which, however, was not able to affect the rigor mortis development and fillet pH. The fillets from the E group showed the strongest length contraction and width increase at 48 h post mortem. The CO stunning method exhibited the highest levels of both ATP and AEC in the muscle immediately after death, equal to 2.28 µmol/g and 0.83, respectively, while 1.12 µmol/g and 0.64 values were found in the E group. In addition, we found that the water temperature might interact with the stunning method and minimise the stress response. In the present trial, the most suitable use of the CO stunning method would be coupled with 12 °C of rearing water temperature to better preserve ATP and AEC in muscles. CO stunning preserves ATP and AEC in trout muscle better than electrical stunning Water temperature might interact with the stunning and minimise the stress response CO stunning is suggested to be coupled with 12 °C of water temperature Electricity should be avoided at 8 °C of water temperature [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) can improve the growth performance of bulls. This study investigated the influences of GAA addition on growth, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation and serum metabolites in bulls. Forty-eight Angus bulls were randomly allocated to experimental treatments, that is, control, low-GAA (LGAA), medium-GAA (MGAA) and high-GAA (HGAA), with GAA supplementation at 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 g/kg DM, respectively. Bulls were fed a basal diet containing 500 g/kg DM concentrate and 500 g/kg DM roughage. The experimental period was 104 days, with 14 days for adaptation and 90 days for data collection. Bulls in the MGAA and HGAA groups had higher DM intake and average daily gain than bulls in the LGAA and control groups. The feed conversion ratio was lowest in MGAA and highest in the control. Bulls receiving 0.9 g/kg DM GAA addition had higher digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF and ADF than bulls in other groups. The digestibility of CP was higher for HGAA than for LGAA and control. The ruminal pH was lower for MGAA, and the total volatile fatty acid concentration was greater for MGAA and HGAA than for the control. The acetate proportion and acetate-to-propionate ratio were lower for MGAA than for LGAA and control. The propionate proportion was higher for MGAA than for control. Bulls receiving GAA addition showed decreased ruminal ammonia N. Bulls in MGAA and HGAA had higher cellobiase, pectinase and protease activities and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens , Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminobacter amylophilus populations than bulls in LGAA and control. However, the total protozoan population was lower for MGAA and HGAA than for LGAA and control. The total bacterial and Ruminococcus flavefaciens populations increased with GAA addition. The blood level of creatine was higher for HGAA, and the activity of l -arginine glycine amidine transferase was lower for MGAA and HGAA, than for control. The blood activity of guanidine acetate N-methyltransferase and the level of folate decreased in the GAA addition groups. The results indicated that dietary addition of 0.6 or 0.9 g/kg DM GAA improved growth performance, nutrient digestion and ruminal fermentation in bulls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the relationship of body condition and chewing time (CT) with body weight (BW), the level of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), leptin and energy metabolites in cows until reaching the lactation peak. The results showed the greatest loss of BW between days 11 and 45 of lactation and a decrease in the body condition score (BCS) until day 75. Chewing time showed an increase from day 45 with the highest values after lactation peak. The CART and leptin concentrations demonstrate a reduction of both indices (P < 0.05) between days 11 and 75. The function of leptin as a factor positively correlating with BW and BCS was found. In the heaviest individuals and those with higher BCS, the blood leptin levels were higher. The results of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) indicate that cows with the lowest BCS had the most intensive energy transformation. This led to a higher BHBA concentration compared to the cows with high BCS (P < 0.05). The obtained results show that CART was most strongly negatively associated with CT (P < 0.05). For leptin, the tendency was the opposite and the correlation with CT was not significant. The results suggest that CT may be stronger regulated by CART, which has anorectic properties, than by appetite inhibiting leptin. Significant decrease of body condition during lactation is a great problem for dairy farmers. The explanation of the issue of the participation of CART and leptin in the regulation of body's energy homeostasis may therefore be of importance for milk production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mares of purebred Arabian horse (n-8) and East Bulgarian horse (n-12) breeds, raised in the State stud farm 'Kabiuk' near Shumen, Bulgaria, were studied basic hematological and biochemical blood parameters in the beginning of spring (March). It was established that the average levels for the mares from both breeds are as follows: alanine aminotransferase ALT U/L - 73.00±14.47, lactate dehydrogenase LDH U/L - 1523.88±93.11, creatinine Creat. U/L - 284.56±53.08, calcium Ca U/L - 2.06±0.4, total bilirubin TBL U/L - 78.40±12.45, phosphorus P U/L - 6.63±0.51, white blood cells WBC - 8.87±0.71, lymphocyte count Lym - 32.94±2.48, monocytes Mon-3.98±0.30, granulocytes Gra - 61.45±2.74, red blood cells RBC - 8.01±0.14, erythrocyte volume MCV - 67.07±28.42, hematocrit Hct - 35.12±1.54, hemoglobin MCH - 12.34±0.16, erythrocyte distribution width RDW-16.90±1.42, hemoglobin Hb-11.16±0.67, platelets THR -255.17±40.66, platelet volume MPV -7.81±0.19, platelet distribution width PDW-9.22±0.30, hemoglobin in erythrocytes MCHC - 27.29±0.29. The breed is a reliable (p<0.01) source of variation of LDH, with higher values found in the East Bulgarian breed (EBB). The mares of different ages can differ significantly (p<0.05) in the content of Mon in the blood. The age group in the breed had a significant effect (p<0.05) on Ca and PDW, with the oldest mares from EBB (10-12 years old) had decreasing amount of Ca and increasing amount of POW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amount of 30 crossbred female buffaloes was used to evaluate blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins and urea during the first eight weeks postpartum. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein once a week. Biochemical analyzes were performed through the enzymatic calorimetric method and readings were carried out by absorption spectrophotometry. A mixed generalized linear model was used. Postpartum weeks showed a significant effect on the performance of serum indicators (P <.0001). Different was observed for the number of parturitions and milk production during the first 60 days. There was an increase (P <.0001) of glycemia (2.67 - 3.62 mmol/L) and uremia (6.15 - 6.81 mmol/L) from the first to the fifth and sixth week, respectively, although a gradual decrease was observed in the subsequent weeks. Cholesterol (1.04 - 1.80 mmol/L) and triglycerides (0.26 - 0.80 mmol/L) concentrations showed continuous increase during the study (P <.0001). Total proteins showed decrease (P <.0001) in their concentrations from the first to the fifth week (82.48 - 76.76 g/L), while a progressive increase was observed in the following weeks. It was demonstrated that, during the first eight postpartum weeks, there are variations in the concentrations of energy and protein metabolism indicators in buffaloes, mainly due to the increase of milk production and mobilization of their body reserves, as a consequence of metabolic imbalance between nutrient income and energy required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the optimum water temperature for breeding juvenile Paralichthys olivaceus in biofloc. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly decreased when the temperature was higher than 28 °C. Plasma calcium, glucose, cholesterol, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase were significantly elevated at high temperatures, whereas total protein was substantially lower. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase activities in the liver and gills were significantly elevated at high temperatures, whereas glutathione was significantly lower. This indicates that temperatures greater than 26 °C induced hematological changes and oxidative stress in the juvenile P. olivaceus in biofloc. We ascribe these changes to thermal stress. • High water temperature affected the hematological parameters of the flounder raised in biofloc. • Antioxidant responses were significantly changed by high water temperature. • High water temperature to P. olivaceus affected as thermal stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the low incidence of nasopharyngeal tumors, the treatment of patients with this disease remains an important and intricate issue. Its risk factors include smoking and alcoholism. About 60% of nasopharyngeal cancer cases are detected at Stages III–IV due to the fact that the early disease stages are latent. The diagnosis of the disease is difficult because of the specific features of the anatomy of the nasopharynx and physicians’ errors. Chemotherapy can relieve pain in patients and considerably improve their quality of life. Chemoradiation therapy is a main treatment option for locally advanced forms. The now range of choice of chemopreparations is narrow so data on successful chemotherapy are particularly valuable. The effectiveness of therapy depends on a patient’s general health state and comorbid condition. The frequency of complications after chemotherapy is high. Some patients are at risk for febrile neutropenia. The risk factors include over 65 years of age; hyponutrition; previous aggressive chemotherapy; the presence of open wounds; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; and low hemoglobin levels. It is necessary to thoroughly control clinical blood tests, to alleviate the manifestations of mucositis, to evaluate the effect of performed therapy after each even cycle, and to perform computed tomography of the chest and abdomen and spiral computed tomography of the head and neck. In the absence of contraindications to radiotherapy, this technique should be considered during treatment planning. In patients with nasopharyngeal cancer, the efficiency of performed chemoradiation treatment is higher than that of chemotherapy only.

1. The aim of this study was to investigate if male-to-female aggression of common pheasants in the course of the breeding season was related to the concentration of plasma testosterone and/or other biochemical plasma indicators in male pheasants housed in breeding cages. The influence of season on the concentration of testosterone and biochemical indicators was also investigated. 2. Males were divided into non-aggressive and aggressive groups during the breeding season based on ethological evaluation. At the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the breeding season, a blood sample was taken from all males on the same day and the concentration of selected biochemical indicators and the total circulating testosterone in the plasma were determined. 3. Male-to-female aggression during the breeding season of pheasants was not influenced by the total plasma testosterone of males. 4. The concentration of total plasma testosterone in males decreased gradually during the breeding season. 5. Male-to-female aggression of pheasants did not have a significant effect on any of the assessed biochemical indicators. 6. The influence of the breeding season affected the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase as well as the concentrations of glucose, magnesium, potassium and chloride in the blood plasma of cage-housed male pheasants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Microcirculation vessels comprise 99% of blood vessels in an adult human body11. Capillary network density in particular tissues grows proportionally to their oxygen demand. BEMER therapy, used as complex or supplementary treatment, improves basic physiological processes, angiokinesis, microcirculation, as well as oxygenation and nutrition of muscle cells. Due to particular biorythmic modulation, it exerts synergic influence on primary and secondary, slightly bigger, blood vessels. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on a male individual who leads a healthy life style and who twice subjected himself to the markings of cognitive functions and selected blood indicators; first, during natural physiological restitution after endurance exercise, and second, after restitution enhanced with BEMER therapy. Results. Most significant changes after exercise endurance were observed in the following blood indicators: leukocytes, erythrocytes, insulin and cortisol. Least significant changes were noted in the number of lymphocytes and in cognitive functions. Conclusions. Applied methodology and profile of BEMER signal variously affects selected blood indicators. Application of BEMER stimulation in the process of restitution after endurance exercise in men in their fifties / sixties may be justified.

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of sows’ condition, being expressed as fat reserve – the mean from two measurements (P2 + P4)/2 on the 104th day of pregnancy (±2 – 3 days) on hematological indicators in blood of PLW x PL sows. Classification of sows into two groups was performed on the basis of lifetime evaluation of backfat thickness in 97 sows (primiparous: multiparous – 30%:70%); group I consisted of the sows with (P2 + P4)/2>20 mm and group II with (P2 + P4)/2≤20 mm. The condition of sows, as expressed by backfat thickness in three dates (late pregnancy, parturition, weaning) amounted to >3,5 for group I and ≤2.5 for group II on a 5-point scale. The examination of hematological indicators was performed on a representative group of 32 randomly chosen sows, 16 animals from each group. Blood for analyses was sampled from the sows on the 104th day of pregnancy and on the 21st day of lactation. Any significant differences between group I and II in respect of morphological indices, excluding significantly higher MCV in sows from group I vs. II on the 21st day of lactation (P≤0.05), were not found. In late pregnancy, significant differences were recorded for the content of ALB and TP (P≤0.05), BUN (P≤0.01), HDL (P≤0.001) and in final stage of lactation – HDL (P≤0.01) (higher in group I vs. II). The mean values of the studied blood indicators of the sows were found within the standards for the species, production group and stage of reproduction cycle, irrespectively of the condition of the females.

Posłuszny Mariusz. Próba określenia wpływu terapii BEMER na wybrane wskaźniki krwi w ramach procesu odnowy biologicznej po wysiłku wytrzymałościowym. Studium przypadku = An attempt to determine the effect of BEMER therapy on selected blood indicators in the process of biological restitution after endurance effort. A case study. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(10):121-140. ISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.32524 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2810%29%3A121-140 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/660483 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.08.2015. Revised 05.09.2015. Accepted: 20.10.2015. Próba określenia wpływu terapii BEMER na wybrane wskaźniki krwi w ramach procesu odnowy biologicznej po wysiłku wytrzymałościowym. Studium przypadku An attempt to determine the effect of BEMER therapy on selected blood indicators in the process of biological restitution after endurance effort. A case study Mariusz Posłuszny Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy, Poznań Streszczenie Wstęp. Mikrokrążenie należy postrzegać jako rodzaj żywego organu będącego składową układu sercowo-naczyniowego odpowiedzialnego za prawidłową dystrybucję między innymi tlenu do komórek. Według producenta terapia systemem BEMR przy zastosowaniu kompleksowym lub uzupełniającym doskonali podstawowe procesy fizjologiczne, angiokinezę mikrokrążenia, doprowadzenie składników odżywczych i tlenu do komórek mięśniowych. Dzięki określonej modulacji biorytmicznej uzyskuje się synergiczny wpływ również na pierwotne i wtórne krążenie oraz nieco większe naczynia krwionośne. Celem badań jest ocena wpływ sygnału BEMER na wybrane wskaźniki krwi w ramach procesu odnowy biologicznej po wysiłku wytrzymałościowym. Opis przypadku. Materiał i metody. Badany mężczyzna realizujący zdrowy styl życia poddał się oznaczeniu wybranych wskaźników krwi w dwóch edycjach pomiarów po wysiłku wytrzymałościowym w czasie restytucji samoistnej i odnowie wspomaganej terapią BEMER: NEU%, LYM%, BASO %, EOS%, MONO%, tHb, BE, BEACT, BB, HHb, cHCO3, PO2, SO2 (c), O2Hb, MeHb, COHb. Uzyskane wyniki. Pozytywne wyniki zaobserwowano w większości mierzonych cech krwi. Przy czym różnie prezentowała się ich konfiguracja w trakcie 5 dniowego cyklu pomiarowego. Najbardziej pozytywne zmiany zaobserwowano w EOS%, HHb, cHCO3, PO2, SO2(c), O2Hb, COHb, BE, BEakt, mniej znaczące w NEU%, LYM%, BASO%, MONO%, tHb, cHCO3, BB, MeHb. Wnioski. (1) Zastosowana metodyka i profil sygnału BEMER poprzez zwiększenie światła naczyń mikrokrążenia wpływa zróżnicowanie na wielkość wybranych wskaźników krwi, (2) Zastosowanie stymulacji BEMER w odnowie biologicznej po wysiłkach wytrzymałościowych u mężczyzn w 5-6 dekadzie życia może być uzasadnione, (3) Uzyskane jednostkowe wyniki z przeprowadzonych pomiarów, nie mogą być podstawą do uogólnionych wniosków nad wpływem sygnału BEMER na restytucję po wysiłku wytrzymałościowym. Mogą być jedynie próbą wskazania kierunku dalszych dociekań nad modyfikacją metodyki stosowania wielowymiarowego strukturalnie sygnału BEMER i intensyfikacją odnowy biologicznej po różnych wysiłkach. Słowa kluczowe: terapia BEMER, wskaźniki krwi, restytucja fizjologiczna, odnowa biologiczna. Summary Introduction. Microcirculation should be perceived as a living organ that is part of cardio-vascular system responsible inter alia for proper distribution of oxygen to cells. According to the manufacturer, BEMER therapy, applied both as comprehensive or complementary treatment, improves basic physiological processes, microcirculatory angiokinesis and oxygenation and nutrition of muscle cells. Also, due to its particular biorhythmic modulation, it exerts a synergic influence on primary and secondary circulation as well as on slightly bigger blood vessels. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of BEMER signal on selected blood indicators in the process of biological restitution after endurance effort. A case study. Material and methods. The studied male individual lives a healthy life-style and he subjected himself to the markings of selected blood indicators after endurance effort in two consecutive rounds of measurements – during spontaneous restitution and during restitution enhanced with BEMER therapy: NEU%, LYM%, BASO %, EOS%, MONO%, tHb, BE, BEACT, BB, HHb, cHCO3, PO2, SO2 (c), O2Hb, MeHb, COHb. Results. Positive results were observed in most of the measured blood features. However, their configuration during 5-day measurement cycle varied. The most positive changes occurred in the following: EOS%, HHb, cHCO3, PO2, SO2(c), O2Hb, COHb, BE, BEakt, less significant for NEU%, LYM%, BASO%, MONO%, tHb, cHCO3, BB, MeHb. Results. (1) Applied methodology and BEMER signal profile, through increasing the lumen of microcirculation vessels, variously affects the values of selected blood indicators. (2) The use of BEMER stimulation in the process of biological restitution in males in their fifties / sixties may be justified. (3) The individual results achieved in the course of the study, however, may not serve as a basis for drawing general conclusions on the effect of BEMER signal on the process of biological restitution after endurance effort. Instead, they may be treated as an attempt at showing the direction for further research on the possible changes in the application method of the structurally multidimensional BEMER signal as well as on the intensification of biological restitution after various physical efforts. Key words: BEMER therapy, blood indicators, physiological restitution, biological restitution.

The effects of stunning/slaughtering methods (carbon monoxide asphyxia, CO; electroshock, E; asphyxia in the air, A) were studied in rainbow trout kept in freshwater at 12 °C. The fish were analysed for blood parameters, rigor mortis evolution, fillets shape changes over 48 h, and ATP depletion and Adenylate Energy Charge (AEC) in muscle immediately after death. Treatment A was most stressful giving the lowest pH values during rigor evolution, the highest concentration of lactate (6.31 mM) in plasma and the lowest AEC values in the muscle. None of the three-stunning/slaughtering methods affected perimeter, length and height of the fillets, with exception for the area at 24 h and 48 h post mortem , which was significantly reduced by CO treatment (CO < A < E). Globally, CO and E treatments showed the highest ability in preserving muscle energy immediately after death, whereas treatment E resulted the most suitable method for slaughtering, based on blood and muscle indicators. Statements of relevance 1. The application of CO as slaughtering/killing method on rainbow trout, focusing on the effects produced in the pattern of some analytical parameters during the first period post mortem 2. The use of carbon monoxide for killing fish has been only recently experimented and only in Atlantic salmon. 3. Improve the knowledge about the use of CO, due the scarcity of information in scientific literature [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study included 2 groups of lambs (GL): control (C) and experimental (E) which since day 11 of life was receiving an addition of dried Saccharomyces cerevisiae preparation. At the age of 100 days, 12 lambs from each group were weaned from mothers for 12-h pre-slaughter fasting, and transported to a slaughter house. Blood was sampled for analyses: before weaning from mothers (BST 1), before and after transport (BST 2 and 3). Blood samples were assayed for: values of neutrophils and lymphocytes, N:L (neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio), cortisol and glucose. After 24-h chilling of lamb carcasses, musculus longissimus dorsi was subjected to measurements of final acidity (pH24) and colour (CIE Lab), and muscle samples were collected for evaluation of water absorption and shear force. The GL and BST had a significant effect on the N:L ratio. No significant differences were found in the cortisol concentration between groups of lambs. This indicator was significantly different in the analyzed blood sampling time (P < 0.01). In the entire period of pre-slaughter handling, in group C cortisol concentration increased x 8.5, whereas in group E it increased x 4.3 compared to the baseline value. In both groups, the study showed an increase (P < 0.01) in glucose concentration in BST 3 compared to BST 1 and BST 2. Meat of lambs from group E was characterized by lower (P < 0.05) values of pH24, WHC, SF, and indicator a*. The obtained results suggest the advisability of applying a preparation of dried brewer's yeast in rearing slaughter lambs in order to strengthen their immunity and to alleviate effects of pre-slaughter stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accurate estimation of prognosis can help provide early palliative care to patients. However, few studies have developed nomograms that are totally based on objective blood test parameters. The current study constructed a simple and objective prognostic nomogram and validated the model using advanced cancer patients., Methods: A total of 245 patients were retrospectively analyzed (training sample, n=162; validation sample, n=54), from January 2020 to December 2021. Blood test and demographic data were collated. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to identify the independent factors, which were built into a nomogram to visualize the probability of patient survival within 30 days. Calibration and discrimination of the model was assessed. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was developed to summarize the performance of the model in supporting decision making., Results: The median survival was 17.0 [8, 37] days and 21.0 [10, 46] days for the training set and the validation set, respectively. Serum calcium (>2.65 mmol/L), neutrophil count (<2 mmol/L and >7 mmol/L), urea (>7.6 nmol/L), and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (>40 U/L) were identified and an easily obtained nomogram predicting the 30-day probability of mortality was developed. The nomogram model had adequate discrimination and calibration. The Harrell's concordance index (C-index) of the training set and validation set was 0.69 and 0.71, respectively, while the values of the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were 0.76 and 0.70, respectively., Conclusions: A simple and objective prognostic nomogram model for predicting the 30-day survival of patients with advanced cancer was developed and validated, with adequate calibration and discrimination. It is expected to guide practical prognosis evaluation in the clinical setting. Further validation is still required in a prospective, multicenter, and large sample study.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different padding on ammonia concentration in broiler house and growth performance and blood indicators of broilers. [Method] A total of 480 one-day-old 817 broilers were selected. They were randomly divided into four groups with different paddings, and each group was in triplicate. The weights of broilers and feed were weighed weekly. The growth performance of broilers was determined. On day 30, the ammonia concentrations in broiler houses were determined. On day 35, 6 broilers were randomly selected from each group, and their vein blood was sampled. In the sampled vein blood, the concentrations of ammonia, glucose, globulin, serum total protein and urea nitrogen were determined. [Result] There were significant differences in ammonia concentration among broiler houses laid with different paddings (P<0.05). The ammonia concentration in group 1 was significantly lower than those in group 3 and group 4 (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in ammonia concentrations in broiler houses between group 2 and group 3 (P>0.05). The ammonia concentration in group 4 was significantly higher than those in groupl, group 2 and group 3 (P< 0.05). There were also significant differences in blood indicators among different groups (P<0.05). The blood ammonia, blood glucose and serum urea nitrogen concentrations in group 1 were significantly lower than those in other groups (P<0.05), the serum total protein concentration was significantly higher than those in group 3 and group 4 (P<0.05), and the serum globulin concentration was significantly higher than those in group 2, group 3 and group 4 (P<0.05). Significant differences were observed in feed intake, body weight gain and slaughter weight between different groups (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in feed to grain ratio (P> 0.05). [Conclusion] Under the experimental conditions, the padding of Chinese medicine residue showed belter effect on reducing ammonia concentration in broiler house, which was conducive to play of production potential of broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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[ Objective ] Safety of compound Asparagus cochinchinensis polysaccharide injection to target animals (chickens) was studied to provide references for clinical use. [ Method ]The clinical symptoms, weight change, feed conversion, indicators of blood and blood biochemical indicators were observed and analyzed to determine the maximum tolerance dose or tolerance range. [ Result ]When the chicken was injected by compound Asparagus cochinchinensis polysaccharide, its average daily weight was markedly increased and feed conversion value was lowered. The injection also promoted the growth and development, and especially 5-fold dose (10.0 mL/kg) was the best. Regarding routine blood indicators, the changes of WBC, red blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin and other indicators were not obvious except that the platelet count decreased significantly. The difference among the different treatments was not significant. As to the blood biochemical indicators, the biochemical indicators showed erratic increase or decrease trends within a week after injecting the compound aspartic polysaccharide and the indicators of 5-fold dose group were close to the normal level after 14 days. [ Conclusion ]The compound Asparagus cochinchinensis polysaccharide injection is an effective immune enhancer, which can promote the growth and development of chicken and is safe for actual production. The maximum tolerate dose in the target animal (chicken) is 10.0 mL/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]