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8 results on '"blood brain barrier dysfunction"'

1. Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Vascular Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease.

Author

Custodia, Antía, Ouro, Alberto, Romaus-Sanjurjo, Daniel, Pías-Peleteiro, Juan Manuel, de Vries, Helga E., Castillo, José, and Sobrino, Tomás

Subjects
VASCULAR endothelial cells, ENDOTHELIUM diseases, ALZHEIMER'S disease, PROGENITOR cells, ETIOLOGY of diseases, ENDOTHELIAL cells, ALZHEIMER'S disease diagnosis, BIOMARKERS, STEM cells, VASCULAR diseases
Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease representing the most common type of dementia worldwide. The early diagnosis of AD is very difficult to achieve due to its complexity and the practically unknown etiology. Therefore, this is one of the greatest challenges in the field in order to develop an accurate therapy. Within the different etiological hypotheses proposed for AD, we will focus on the two-hit vascular hypothesis and vascular alterations occurring in the disease. According to this hypothesis, the accumulation of β-amyloid protein in the brain starts as a consequence of damage in the cerebral vasculature. Given that there are several vascular and angiogenic alterations in AD, and that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a key role in endothelial repair processes, the study of EPCs in AD may be relevant to the disease etiology and perhaps a biomarker and/or therapeutic target. This review focuses on the involvement of endothelial dysfunction in the onset and progression of AD with special emphasis on EPCs as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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2. Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Vascular Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease

Author

Antía Custodia, Alberto Ouro, Daniel Romaus-Sanjurjo, Juan Manuel Pías-Peleteiro, Helga E. de Vries, José Castillo, and Tomás Sobrino

Subjects
Alzheimer’s disease, biomarkers, blood brain barrier dysfunction, endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial repair, neurotoxicity, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease representing the most common type of dementia worldwide. The early diagnosis of AD is very difficult to achieve due to its complexity and the practically unknown etiology. Therefore, this is one of the greatest challenges in the field in order to develop an accurate therapy. Within the different etiological hypotheses proposed for AD, we will focus on the two-hit vascular hypothesis and vascular alterations occurring in the disease. According to this hypothesis, the accumulation of β-amyloid protein in the brain starts as a consequence of damage in the cerebral vasculature. Given that there are several vascular and angiogenic alterations in AD, and that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a key role in endothelial repair processes, the study of EPCs in AD may be relevant to the disease etiology and perhaps a biomarker and/or therapeutic target. This review focuses on the involvement of endothelial dysfunction in the onset and progression of AD with special emphasis on EPCs as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target.

Published
2022
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5. Is cerebral glucose metabolism related to blood-brain barrier dysfunction and intrathecal IgG synthesis in Alzheimer disease? A 18F-FDG PET/CT study: Erratum

Subjects
PET, SPM, IgG, Alzheimer, Observational Study, Erratum, blood brain barrier dysfunction, Research Article, dementia
Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, intrathecal IgG synthesis, and brain glucose consumption as detectable by means of serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) albumin index (Qalb) and IgG index [(CSF IgG/serum IgG) × Serum albumin/CSF albumin)] and 2-deoxy-2-(18F) fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in a selected population affected by Alzheimer disease (AD). The study included 134 newly diagnosed AD patients according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 70 (±6) years; 60 were male and 64 were female. Mini mental State Examination was equal to 18.9 (±7.2). All patients underwent a CSF assay and magnetic resonance before 18F-FDG PET scanning. The relationships were evaluated by means of statistical parametric mapping (SPM8). We found a significant negative correlation between the increase of Qalb and 18F-FDG uptake in the Brodmann Area 42 and 22 that corresponds to the left superior temporal gyrus, with higher Qalb values being related to a reduced glucose consumption in these areas. No significant relationships have been found between brain glucose consumption and IgG index. The results of our study suggest that BBB dysfunction is related to reduction of cortical activity in the left temporal cortex in AD subjects.

Published
2018

8. Is cerebral glucose metabolism related to blood–brain barrier dysfunction and intrathecal IgG synthesis in Alzheimer disease?

Author

Sofia Toniolo, Alessandro Fiorentini, Barbara Di Pietro, Ursini Francesco, Orazio Schillaci, Caterina Motta, Agostino Chiaravalloti, Alessandro Martorana, Giacomo Koch, Lorena Belli, Chiaravalloti A., Fiorentini A., Ursini F., Martorana A., Koch G., Belli L., Torniolo S., Di Pietro B., Motta C., and Schillaci O.

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pathology, Spm, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, 80 and over, CSF albumin, Aged, 80 and over, Temporal cortex, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, Brain, General Medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Blood-Brain Barrier, Positron emission tomography, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, Female, Alzheimer's disease, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Serum albumin, Blood–brain barrier, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Settore MED/36 - Diagnostica per Immagini e Radioterapia, Alzheimer Disease, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, medicine, Humans, education, Aged, Blood brain barrier dysfunction, Igg, business.industry, medicine.disease, Glucose, Pet, 030104 developmental biology, Alzheimer, blood brain barrier dysfunction, dementia, IgG, PET, SPM, Immunoglobulin G, Dementia, biology.protein, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, intrathecal IgG synthesis, and brain glucose consumption as detectable by means of serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) albumin index (Qalb) and IgG index [(CSF IgG/serum IgG) × Serum albumin/CSF albumin)] and 2-deoxy-2-(18F) fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT) in a selected population affected by Alzheimer disease (AD). The study included 134 newly diagnosed AD patients according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 70 (±6) years; 60 were male and 64 were female. Mini mental State Examination was equal to 18.9 (±7.2). All patients underwent a CSF assay and magnetic resonance before 18F-FDG PET scanning. The relationships were evaluated by means of statistical parametric mapping (SPM8). We found a significant negative correlation between the increase of Qalb and 18F-FDG uptake in the Brodmann Area 42 and 22 that corresponds to the left superior temporal gyrus, with higher Qalb values being related to a reduced glucose consumption in these areas. No significant relationships have been found between brain glucose consumption and IgG index. The results of our study suggest that BBB dysfunction is related to reduction of cortical activity in the left temporal cortex in AD subjects.

Published
2016
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