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Copyright of Journal of General Health Sciences (JGEHES) is the property of Journal of General Health Sciences (JGEHES) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The idea of Reincarnation is analyzed as a core motive, by the example of which the similarities and differences of poetic universes of Blok and Gumilyov are interpreted. Gumilyov’s opposition to Blok can be characterized as “fear of influence”, since a lot of Gumilyov’s themes, externally opposed to Blok, turn out to be internally connected with the work of the latter, and even in Gumilyov’s later works reminiscences from Blok’s poetry could be found. These reminiscences are placed in a new context and thus they acquired a different meaning. Blok represents the idea of reincarnation in a pessimistic vein, intertwining with elements of Christian eschatology, Platonism and the teaching of Vl. Solovyov. Blok’s heroes are immersed in the “elements” of time and space, they experience influences from multiple worlds and do not have the ability and desire to escape from the infinity of rebirths. Blok’s and Gumilyov’s initial understanding of metempsychosis and anamnesis reveals striking similarities. Like Blok’s hero, Gumilyov’s hero “wanders” “in the blind transitions of spaces and times”. Even Gumilyov’s understanding of the metaphysics of history is close to Blok. The difference between two poets is the hero’s attitude to the tragedy of eternal repetitions. In accordance with “manly” attitude, Gumilyov’s hero promotes an active attitude to his own destiny and hopes for a final “awakening”, which is a way out of the circle of reincarnations. Combining themes of metempsychosis and anamnesis with Christian motives, Gumilev, unlike Blok, gradually strengthens the latter, introducing into his texts the Christian concept of the Resurrection from the dead, which contradicts with the doctrine of reincarnation. Gumilyov’s reflections on metempsychosis and Resurrection lead to the religious and philosophical dialogism of his later works such as “The Lost Tram” and “The Memory”. In both texts, the apocalyptic image of Christ is encrypted, and this image is opposed to “Isus” from Blok’s poem “The Twelve”. The strengthening of Christian motives in Gumilyov’s work also leads to a disagreement with Blok in understanding of the Platonic dual world, which was transformed by Blok into the concept of multiple “worlds of art”; Gumilyov, on the other hand, reinterprets the dual world in the context of the doctrine of “two cities”, so at the end of his career Gumilyov gives preference to the Christian mystical tradition.

The article deals with the problem of mythologized perception of the names of the poets of the Silver Age N. Gumilev and A. Blok in the works of G. Ivanov «Chinese Shadows» and «Petersburg Winters». The purpose of this study is to determine, based on a comparative analysis of the literary portraits of N. Gumilev and A. Blok, which are created using the contrast technique, the specifics of the myth about the Russian Poet in the memoir prose of G. Ivanov. The two poets are contrasted on the basis of a number of criteria: appearance, character, attitude to creativity, their political position, etc. In conclusion, the article concludes that N. Gumilev and A. Blok, acting as antipodes in the eyes of contemporaries, nevertheless, have similar qualities inherent in the Russian poet: love for the Motherland, dreaminess, nobility, chivalry, romantic nature, inner dualism, hatred of falsehood, lies and willingness to sacrifice for the sake of creativity. G. Ivanov, creating a literary portrait of poets, combines real features in their images with an artistic perception of their personality, thereby making their biography part of the myth of the Russian poet – prophet, for whom life, Russia and creativity are one.

The article aims to clarify and supplement the picture of the poetic dialogue between Anna Akhmatova and A. Blok in winter 1913–1914. The period of intense communication between the poets and their mutual dedications exchange (“Beauty is terrible” – you will be told ... by Blok and I came to the poet visit ... by Akhmatova) is also the time when Blok began work on Nightingale Garden. The article reveals numerous overlaps with the lyrics of Evening and Rosary mainly in draft versions of Blok’s poem, as well as some parallels with Akhmatova’s poem Near the Sea, created simultaneously with Nightingale Garden and published six months before the end of Blok’s work on his poem. The sources of the identified overlaps are mainly those poems of Akhmatova that are marked by Blok’s marginalities on a copy of the Rosary, which he received from Akhmatova in spring 1914. Everything above mentioned suggests that the whole Akhmatova’s intertextual field that appeared in the early versions of the Nightingale Garden is nonrandom. However, the majority of the figurative and intonational-syntactic coincidences with the Akhmatova’s poems were not included in the final text of the Nightingale Garden, so as a result, the process of Blok’s work on the poem clearly captures both the dynamics and internal logic of his exit from a fledgling, but active poetic dialogue with Akhmatova, and a significantly greater degree of the Blok’s initial involvement in this dialogue than has been assumed until now.

Copyright of Journal of National Education / Millî Eğitim Dergisi is the property of Milli Egitim Bakanligi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is dedicated to the subject of the crucifixion in Russian lyric poetry of 19th–21st centuries. It studies five poems that present different images of Calvary. Analyzing A.S. Pushkin’s “Worldly power” we discover a lexical connection of the poem to prayers and liturgical texts. The poem “When rowan leaves are dank and rusting…” by A.A. Blok requires consideration from two angles: among his other Christological poems and in the light of a general among symbologists tendency of eroticizing Christian images. We demonstrate that the subject of co-crucifixion is natural for Blok, that it was slowly emerging in his lyric poetry of the 1900s. The article analyzes O.E. Mandelstam’s poem “The implacable words…” in the context of his lyric poetry of the 1910s, as well as in comparison to the later variation of the image (“Like chiaroscuro’s martyr Rembrandt…”). The research reveals “maternal projection” of the subject of Calvary on the example of the poem “Mother” by V.V. Nabokov, passages from A.A. Akhmatova’s poem "Requiem” and I.A. Brodsky's poem “Still-life.” El.A Shvarts’s poem “Rembrandt’s etching — Christ and the thieves” represents ekphrastic versions of the biblical story.

Copyright of Literature / Literatura is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the epistolary dialogue between A.A. Izmailov and A.A. Lugovoi, two well-known writers at the beginning of the 20th century. It deals with the most interesting historical and literary facts from the correspondence, e. g. discussion of their works, facts of the literary life of the era, interpretations of the works of brother-writers. Epistolary materials allow to clarify important biographical facts of the two contemporaries. The author examines the method of Izmailov the critic, who, by virtue of his profession, was constantly forced to look for new topics, to think over the structure of more and more new reviews, to incorporate other people’s interpretations prompted in private conversations and personal letters into the texts of his own reviews. The article contains extensive quotations from unpublished letters of two writers.

In Russian literature, alongside the mythologization of book / literature / library, an idea is developed of the escape from book. The work of symbolist poets holds an important place amid the literary interpretations of this idea. The present text aims to uncover the conceptualisation of book / literature / library in the artistic concept of symbolism by following the course of thematology and conceptology, as well as using the instrumentarium of semantic analysis of poetic text. The observations show that in poems by V. Bryusov and Al. Blok the value of “real” life is opposed to book / literature / library. With this artistic concept the poets elaborate the ideas of sentimentalism (embodied in Goethe’s Werther), the romantic skepsis as to the fruits of civilization, the ideas of Pushkin, Goncharov, Dostoevsky, and Chekhov about the negative aspects of “literary man”. The negation of library in symbolist poets is also motivated by an apology of revolution, which in their body of work incorporates the specifically Russian idea of the Scythian element in Russian culture, coming to annihilate the old European culture. This draws the conclusion that the idea of “natural man”, developing in European literature, obtains in the poetry of Al. Blok and V. Bryusov specifically Russian dimensions.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis risiko kesehatan terhadap paparan Particulate Matter 2,5 (PM2,5)di dalam rumah tinggal yang berada di kawasan industri semen. Penelitian dilakukan di Blok B dan Blok D Perumahan X. Pengambilan sampel PM2,5 menggunakan Low Volume Sampler (LVS) dan metode gravimetri untuk mengetahui konsentrasi PM2,5, serta pengukuran suhu dan tekanan udara menggunakan Pocket Weatherman . Analisis risiko kesehatan berdasarkan Pedoman Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) Direktorat Jenderal PP dan PL Kementerian Kesehatan tahun 2012 dengan melakukan wawancara dan kuesioner dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 46 penghuni rumah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi PM2,5 di Blok B dan Blok D berkisar antara 8,87 sampai 23,72 µg/m3 dengan konsentrasi tertinggi berada di Blok D. Konsentrasi tersebut masih memenuhi baku mutu Permenkes RI No. 1077 tahun 2011. Hasil perhitungan ARKL menunjukkan risiko realtime berkisar antara 0,0014 sampai 0,4529 dan risiko lifetime berkisar antara 0,0680 sampai 0,6794. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa risiko realtime dan risiko lifetime semua responden di Blok B dan Blok mempunyai nilai Risk Quotient (RQ)

Iatrogenic keratectasia is a corneal disease caused by refractive surgery, most frequently after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) as a surgical correction of ametropia, and also after injuries, penetrating and lamellar keratoplasty. The following changes are noted in case of keratectasia after laser keratomileusis: an increase in keratometric indices in the central and lower parts of the cornea, a decrease in stromal thickness and a myopic shift in refraction, a progressive impairment of visual functions — a decrease in uncorrected visual acuity, monocular diplopia and an inability of spherocylindrical correction. A thin corneal bed or small residual stromal thickness, re-surgery LASIK in anamnesis, and also the initial preoperative features of the corneal topogram (Irregularity, asymmetric bow tie pattern) are considered to be the main risk factors of keratectasia after LASIK surgery.Methods. A patient with secondary keratectasia who had previously undergone LASIK and crosslinking was found to have progressive secondary keratectasia and decreased visual functions. An individual allograft was implanted (the form of a Landolt ring, 300 µm, at a depth of 290 µm) using the technology of bandage keratoplasty. Cutting transportat graft and tunnels for implantation were produced with the help of femtosecond laser. The data of visometry and keratotopography were evaluated.Results. As a result of the formation of the bandage, the functions of the eyes improved, and ectasia did not progress for 6 months. Visual acuity increased from 0.15 to 0.66, the average value of keratometry was 40.35 diopters, with the initial 44.8 diopters. The minimal corneal thickness remained at 440 µm.Conclusion. The proposed surgical technology BLOK allows to get an effective result in case of keratectasia after LASIK, which is manifested in improving visual functions, strengthening the cornea and normalizing its surface, as well as provides reduction of the further progression of keratectasia.

The image of Death, embodied in the image of a beautiful maiden, is considered in the article through the analysis of references in the novel diptych by B. Akunin The Mistress of Death and The Lover of Death (the Erast Fandorin series) to one of the most important primary sources, the drama by A. Blok The Little Show-Booth. The study shows that Akunin's method of deformation was replaced by a postmodern deconstruction with a splitting into two images, of Columbine and of Maiden-Death, each of which is dominated by one of the hypostases of the heroine of The Little Show-Booth. These transformations appeal in their development to the opposition in Akunin’s novels of two points of view on fate, dialectically interacting, which correlate with the adventurous exposition and with the inevitability of personal destiny idea, oriented towards the “classical” tradition. The result of the analysis is a new formula of the genre of Akunin's novels, since their poetics goes out of the ordinary framework of criminal literature, as a transgressive phenomenon in the field of mass literature, as postmodern novel, in which the uncertain intertextuality accentuates, align with plot details, the problem of heroes’ self-identity.

Amaç: Kolesistekomi ameliyatlarında uyguladığımız rejyonal anestezi metotlarıyla ilgili tecrübelerimizi paylaşmayı amaçladık Gereç ve Yöntem: Hitit Üniversitesi Erol Olçok Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Kliniğindeki 2019 yılına ait postoperatif ağrı takip formları retrospektif olarak tarandı. Genel Cerrahi kliniği tarafından yapılan operasyonlarda postoperatif akut ağrı takibi yapılan toplam 32 hastanın verilerine ulaşıldı. Bulgular: Postoperatif ağrı tedavisi amacıyla rejyonal anestezi uygulanan hastaların formları ayrıldı. Formlar incelendiğinde Whipple operasyonuna geçiren 4 hasta için torakal epidural analjezi, Rektum Kanseri 3 hasta için lomber epidural analjezi, Kolon Kanseri bir hasta için torakal epidural analjezi, İleus tanısı olan bir hasta için torakal epidural anestezi, Karaciğer absesi olan bir hasta için torakal epidural analjezi, Laparoskopik Herni onarımı olan 3 hasta için unilateral oblik subkostal Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) blok, Sigmoid Kolon Kanseri bir hasta için bilateral TAP blok, mezenterik kist cerrahisi bir hasta için bilateral TAP, akut batın cerrahisi bir hasta için bilateral TAP blok, umblikal herni onarımı bir hasta için genel anestezi uygulanmadan bilateral TAP blok, PEG açılması bir hasta için genel anestezi uygulanmadan unilateral TAP blok, ileostomi kapatılması bir hasta için unilateral TAP blok uygulandığı tespit edildi. Kolesistektomi operasyonlarında tek başına anestezi veya postoperatif analjezi amacıyla çeşitli santral ve periferik blok yöntemleri uygulanmaktadır. Bunlar arasında santral bloklardan torakal epidural analjezi/anestezi, periferik bloklardan TAP blok, Erektör Spina Plane blok, Kuatratus Lumborum blok sayılabilir. Bunlardan TAP blok supin pozisyonda, anestezi altında kolay ve hızlı bir şekilde uygulanmaktadır. TAP blok USG eşliğinde internal oblik kas ve transversus abdominal kas fasyaları arasında seyreden pariyatel periton ve batının ipsilateral cilt innervasyonunu sağlayan torakal sinir liflerinin (T6-T12), bu potansiyel alana lokal anestezik enjekte edilerek bloke edilmesi esasına dayanır. TAP blok sadece ipsilateral blok oluşturduğu için orta hat kesileri ve batının her iki kısmını içine alan kesilerde TAP blok bilateral olarak uygulanmaktadır. Visseral ağrı yolaklarını bloke edemeyen TAP blok sadece seçilmiş vakalarda anestezi metodu olarak uygulanabilmektedir. TAP blok Kolesistektomi ameliyatlarında sadece postoperatif analjezi amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Postoperatif Ağrı takibi yapılan kolesistektomi uygulanan toplam toplam 13 hastanın verilerine ulaşıldı. Hastalar uygulanan cerrahi metoda göre laparoskopik ve açık cerrahi olarak, uygulanan rejyonal anestezi yöntemine göre santral ve periferik blok yöntemleri olarak ayrıldı. Uygulanan lokal anestezikler ve diğer analjezikler tespit edildi. Postoperatif ağrı skorları değerlendirildi. Açık cerrahi uygulanan 2 hastaya (ASA IV) genel cerrahi uygulanmadan anestezi amacıyla sedasyon eşliğinde torakal epidural blok uygulandığı tespit edildi ve bu hastalara epidural Hasta Kontrollü Analjezi uygulanmıştı. Açık cerrahi uygulanan bu hastaların ek analjezik ihtiyaçları olmadı. Laparoskopik Kolesistektomi (LK) uygulanan toplam 11 olgunun verilerine ulaşılabildi. Bunlardan 3 tanesine blok uygulanmamış ancak postopertatif ağrı skorlarının ve uygulanan analjeziklerin takibi yapılmıştı. LK uygulanan diğer 8 hastaya TAP Blok uygulanmıştı. TAP blok uygulamalarının 7 tanesi sağ unilateral olarak 1 tanesi bilateral olarak gerçekleştirilmişti. Sağ unilateral TAP blok uygulanan hastaların 5 tanesinde 30 cc %0,25’lik bupivacain uygulanırken 2 tanesine 20 cc %0,25’lik bupivacain, Bilateral TAP blok uygulanan hastaya ise her bir tarafa 20 cc olacak şekilde toplam 40 cc %0,25’lik bupivacain uygulanmıştı. TAP Blok uygulanan hastalardan sadece bir tanesinde opiyat (tramadol) kullanımı olmuştu. Diğer TAP blok uygulanan hastalara lüzumu halinde diklofenak sodyum veya parasetamol uygulanmıştı. Ancak blok uygulanmayan hastalarda ise ağrı skorlarının yüksek olması nedeniyle opiyat (tramadol) kullanımı daha sıktı ve opiyatlar diğer nonsteroid analjeziklerle kombine edilerek kullanılmıştı. Sonuç: Kliniğimizde postoperatif analjezi amacıyla torakal epidural blok ve TAP Blok en sık uygulanan metodlar olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Tema članka je prepoznavanje i vrednovanje tipološko-morfoloških, odnosno kulturnopovijesnih i strukturnih obilježja sjeverozapadnog dijela donjogradskog bloka Trg bana Jelačića – Petrinjska – Amruševa – Trg N. Š. Zrinskoga – Praška ulica u kontekstu suvremenih konzervatorskih principa i pristupa obnovi povijesnih cjelina. Prikazana je geneza bloka koji nastaje organskim rastom i planerskim zahvatima 19. stoljeća, a građevni je fond (Trg bana J. Jelačića 12, Trg bana J. Jelačića 13 / Praška 3, Praška 5) istražen, analiziran i valoriziran s ciljem izrade preporuka za njegovu obnovu i prenamjenu, uz napomenu da je transformacija uglovnice Hrvatske zemaljske banke prije istražena u sklopu obrade djela arhitekta Ignjata Fischera (M. Bagarić, 2011.). U smjernicama za obnovu naglašava se potreba za integralnim pristupom planiranju urbane obnove koji predlažu međunarodni dokumenti i aktualni konzervatorski pristupi uz afirmiranje povijesnoga urbanog krajolika, kojim se povijesni grad sagledava kao živi organizam u stalnoj promjeni. Očuvanje i unaprjeđenje prostornog identiteta Donjega grada moguće je samo putem zaštite autentičnosti i integriteta povijesnih zgrada.

Türkiye perlit kaynakları açısından oldukça zengin ülkelerden birisidir. Ham perlitin yüksek sıcaklıklarda genleştirilmesi ile elde edilen genleştirilmiş perlit özellikle düşük yoğunluğu ve ısı yalıtım özelliği ile inşaat sektöründe kullanım alanı bulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada genleştirilmiş perlit agregası kullanılarak hafif ve ısı yalıtım özellikli blok üretimi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla bağlayıcı olarak çimento ve uçucu kül kullanılan, su/bağlayıcı oranı 0,40 olan ve perlitin hacimce %40, %50 ve %60 oranında kullanıldığı plak elemanlar üretilmiş, bu elemanlardan uygun boyutlarda kesilerek elde edilen blok numunelerde fiziksel ve mekanik deneyler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney sonuçları, perlit agregasının blok üretiminde kullanılabileceğini göstermiş, ayrıca bağlayıcı olarak kullanılan çimentonun hacimce %50 oranında uçucu kül ile ikame edildiğinde bloğun fiziksel ve mekanik performansını önemli ölçüde etkilemediği, daha düşük çimento kullanımı ile daha çevreci bir ürün eldesini sağladığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma kapsamında üretilen genleştirilmiş perlit agregalı bloğun fiziksel ve mekanik özellikler dikkate alındığında gaz beton ile rekabet edebilecek nitelikte bir ürün olduğu, özellikle su emme ve ısı iletkenlik katsayısı açısından daha üstün performans gösterdiği görülmüştür.

Aleksandr Blok's 1912 poem “The Commander's Footsteps” is a response to personal trauma and loss that points towards a collective catharsis in history, namely, the end of the feudal social order, signaled by the approach of an automobile in the night. A unique modernist re-imagining of the Don Juan legend's occult finale (the confrontation between Don Juan and the statue of the Commander he killed), written at the nadir of Blok’s personal happiness, the poem removes the elements of passion and desire to focus exclusively on the subject’s anxiety and guilt. Yet though the title of the poem famously heralds the retribution to be visited on Don Juan, the work notably omits any resolution-- beyond a cryptic prophecy that Donna Anna, Don Juan’s nemesis, victim and (within the poem’s anagrammatic structure, analyzed by V. V. Ivanov in a seminal 1982 paper) twin, will rise from the dead. The silent, ambivalent, un-dead ‘Dead Mother’ later theorized by André Green thus replaces the Phallic Mother and pre-Oedipal mother of Blok’s previous periods (preceding and immediately succeeding the failed 1905 Revolution) as the embodiment of hopes for a revolutionary cataclysm, likewise superseding the phallogocentric Law represented by the punishing patriarchal Commander.

This paper analyses V.F. Chodasevič’s early 1910s critical essays and his article Nadson, read in 1912 in the Literary and Artistic Club. Although the article did not play an important role in the critic’s work, because it was only during the exile period that Chodasevič criticized Nadson’s poetry, yet it represents the first example of Chodasevič’s appeal to the aesthetic model proposed by the utilitarian critics and the ideas of patriotism and civic virtues (graždanstvennost’), which were important in his poetry and later critic works. Chodasevič delivered a speech at the Club’s anniversary meeting which conveys his views on how to possibly overcome the crisis of symbolism. According to the poet, literature should restore and fully embody the ideals of the early Aesthetic Movement. The aim of the present research is to analyse the concepts, aesthetic ideas, and quotations used by Chodasevič in Nadson, and ascertain which sources influenced the author and how they relate to the literary context of the time (early 1910s). I argue that Chodasevič’s text echoes, to some extent, symbolist aesthetics while also reflecting elements of radical critique of early Aestheticism. Chodasevič only reproduces politically radical intentions that were present in the texts written by symbolists after 1907. Chodasevič’s article and his social views correspond to the evolution of Blok’s thought during the so-called ‘synthesis’ period; he, in fact, employs Blok’s ideas and introduces indirect quotations from his essays. Chodasevič’s speech at the Literary and Artistic Club was received as advancing principles which were seen too eclectic and old-fashioned, and which, most importantly, did not fit into the established literary context. Notwithstanding Chodasevič’s strategy of turning to Belinskij’s and Pisarev’s literary views was unsuccessful, since his intentions were misunderstood by the audience, he followed a similar pattern in several essays from the early 1910s. Chodasevič used symbolist aesthetic ideas in a number of texts written at the end of the exile period, where it can be seen that his approach and social and political views changed.

Acute rheumatic fever is a disease that is very common in developing countries. Heart involvement is responsible for morbidity and mortality. Mitral and aortic valve insufficiency and stenosis, congestive heart failure, myocarditis and pericarditis can be seen. Even if carditis does not develop during the course of the disease, many rhythm and conduction defects may occur. These include all degrees of atrioventricular block, sinus tachycardia and bradycardia, atrial and ventricular premature beats, accelerated junctional rhythm, supraventricular tachycardia, junctional and ventricular tachycardia. In this review, rhythm and conduction defects that may occur in acute rheumatic fever disease, which continues to be an important public health problem, were discussed in the light of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Literature / Literatura is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This review discusses Vincent Blok's book Heidegger's Concept of Philosophical Method. Blok's daring and important argument is that Heidegger has been misunderstood by contemporary philosophers who dismiss his thinking as correlationism; but that at the same time there lies something at the core of Heidegger's thinking that prevents it from unleashing its true innovative potential; namely a logic of unity. To move beyond this logic of unity, Blok aims to rediscover and redefine the potential of Heidegger's philosophical method by characterising it along the lines of interrogative intention and creativity of world-interest. This move allows Blok to think about Earth in the age of global warming in a way that was not possible in Heidegger's work, providing a positive concept of the Earth's materiality as uncorrelated being that guides the way to a future environmental ethics. The review discusses the main contributions of the book, and also three criticisms, which concern the justification of choices for certain perspectives, the unfulfilled promise of moving from philosophical theory to more practically oriented guidance, and unclarities concerning the alternative that Blok puts forward as an answer to his criticism of Heidegger's method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Italian translation of Mutnye liki by Nikolaj Berdjaev. Translated by Giorgia Rimondi (Università per Stranieri di Siena)

Italian translation of Blok i Gogol' by Zara Minc. Trans. by Alessandro Farsetti (Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia)

Italian translation of Blok and Dostoevskij by Zara Minс. Trans. by Chiara Rampazzo (Università di Pisa)

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the program performance of the Bloc "The People and the Intelligentsia" and Turgenev's novel "Nov'". The work notes the closeness of the historiosophical views of these artists of the word. In Nov', there are two possible options for the development of Russia: one — the main one in the years of creation and release of the novel — is evolutionary, and the second — catastrophic, due to the very substance of the awakened people. It is proved that the appearance of the Blok intellectual who goes to the people, in general, repeats the features of Turgenev's "sower" from Nov', which turned out to be a typical phenomenon for Russian life of the beginning of the 20th century. The article of 1908 contains the same idea as in the novel of 1877: despite the many years of efforts by the intelligentsia, the feature that separates it from people's Russia remains insurmountable. The question of the people and the intelligentsia, important for these writers, organically merges in their creations with the problem of the future of Russia.

The present article proposes a study of the correspondence between Aleksandr Blok and Liubov’ Mendeleevа seen as an exchange based on a highly subjective love-erotic discourse and as an epochal phenomenon of rethinking of Eros elaborated through such a discourse. Particular attention is paid to the communicative strategies of the correspondents in their joint creation of this epistolary discourse. The study of the signatures used by Liubov’ Mendeleeva-Blok in the letters shows her role in the creation of the erotic modus of the letter exchange (through what we call ‘erotodeixis’). Finally, the article analyses how erotic attitudes in the correspondence are replaced with attitudes of philia, a love-friendship relationship.

The paper develops the theory of metonymy in the Russian language, and for the first time in Russian linguistics it is proposed to distinguish the actual and event metonymy. The actual metonymy is represented in figurative meanings of nouns that denote parts of the human body (hand, head, etc.), constructions (house, auditorium, etc.), clothes (hat, boots), metals, various containers, etc. Secondary values of place names, names of various artifacts are interpreted as event metonymy. Event metonymy is necessarily inextricably linked with time, optionally - with topos. Observations on the use of metonymy are carried out on the material of poetic works by A. S. Pushkin, F. I. Tyutchev, A. Blok, S. Esenin, E. G. Bagritsky. It is established that in the poetic texts of the twentieth century the event metonymy is used more frequently than in the works of the nineteenth century, for instance, it is represented in the poem Retribution by A. Blok. It is revealed that the meanings of lexical units as a result of event metonymy have not been recorded in the explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, with one exception – the third edition of the dictionary of Dahl that was carried out by I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay. The conclusion is made about the necessity of lexicographical fixation of such words due to their highly informational and stylistic significance.

The publication of the critical essay by E. Polonskaya «Vladimir Mayakovsky», performed for the seminar on criticism in the literary studio under the publishing house “Vsemirnaia literatura”, allows to consider the teaching methodology of K.I. Chukovsky, the influence of his critical works on the students, and identify the degree of his pupil’s independence in assessing Mayakovsky's work as well.

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According to depth psychology, whose pioneer is C.G. Jung, inflation is an emotional state, most often triggered by a dream, manifested by an increase in sexual urge, a feeling of higher energy, power and fascination. Ego inflation can have a dual effect on the individual who experiences it: positive, which is associated with the possibility of establishing contact with archetypes as elements of the collective unconscious, and negative, leading to a sense of possession. In both cases, which often occur together, the key to understanding this unique state of psychic energy is contact with symbols, previously latent in the psychic genotype. In the creative process, as well as in crucial moments of life, the ego acquires the special privilege of insight into the unrecognised realms of the unconscious, which leads to a kind of emotional explosion, a feeling of ecstasy. The ego of the creator, stunned by new possibilities and filled with psychic energy, undergoes excessive growth, “swelling”. Carl Jung calls this state being possessed by the unconscious complex. In the case of Alexander Blok, one can speak of being possessed by the archetype of the Eternal Feminine – Anima, which is proven in the cycle Verses About the Beautiful Lady (1901–1902). The symbol of the Beautiful Lady unites within its archetypal structure various kinds of psychological oppositions (consciousness and unconsciousness, inner woman and inner man, ecstasy and fear). The Beautiful Lady as the numinous element of the poet’s psychic structure acquires the status of an energetic dominant or the centre of the unconscious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses V.F. Chodasevič's early 1910s critical essays and his article Nadson, read in 1912 in the Literary and Artistic Club. Although the article did not play an important role in the critic's work, because it was only during the exile period that Chodasevič criticized Nadson's poetry, yet it represents the first example of Chodasevič's appeal to the aesthetic model proposed by the utilitarian critics and the ideas of patriotism and civic virtues (graždanstvennost'), which were important in his poetry and later critic works. Chodasevič delivered a speech at the Club's anniversary meeting which conveys his views on how to possibly overcome the crisis of symbolism. According to the poet, literature should restore and fully embody the ideals of the early Aesthetic Movement. The aim of the present research is to analyse the concepts, aesthetic ideas, and quotations used by Chodasevič in Nadson, and ascertain which sources influenced the author and how they relate to the literary context of the time (early 1910s). I argue that Chodasevič's text echoes, to some extent, symbolist aesthetics while also reflecting elements of radical critique of early Aestheticism. Chodasevič only reproduces politically radical intentions that were present in the texts written by symbolists after 1907. Chodasevič's article and his social views correspond to the evolution of Blok's thought during the so-called 'synthesis' period; he, in fact, employs Blok's ideas and introduces indirect quotations from his essays. Chodasevič's speech at the Literary and Artistic Club was received as advancing principles which were seen too eclectic and old-fashioned, and which, most importantly, did not fit into the established literary context. Notwithstanding Chodasevič's strategy of turning to Belinskij's and Pisarev's literary views was unsuccessful, since his intentions were misunderstood by the audience, he followed a similar pattern in several essays from the early 1910s. Chodasevič used symbolist aesthetic ideas in a number of texts written at the end of the exile period, where it can be seen that his approach and social and political views changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1961 Angelo Maria Ripellino published a volume of versions of poems by Aleksandr Blok. Ripellino is a poet, so in examining his translations it is necessary to take into account the possible impulses of his original production on the translated work. The author focuses on the difference in the basic intonation of the two artists: that of Blok is based on the genre of oral narrative, that of Ripellino on written narrative. The main consequences of this difference manifested themselves in the following elements: repetition, period, syntax (at the level of sentence and syntagm), poetic inversion, enjambment, punctuation, conjunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The image of path is analyzed in early lyrical poetry by Alexander Blok and Sergei Yesenin. The history of the relations of the two poets is commented. Attention is paid to what was Blok’s personality and creativity to Yesenin. It is shown that Blok was the ethical and moral compass for Esenin. The results of a comparative analysis of Blok’s poems “Poet v izgnanyi I somnenyi...,” “Vesna v reke lomayet ldiny...” and Yesenin’s poem “Tam, gde vechno dremlet tayna” are presented. It is concluded that the idyllic topos of Blok’s lyrics (“Golubaya dal” and “Miry inye”), on the one hand, is one of the origins of Yesenin’s image of “Blue Russia,” and on the other hand, is typologically homogeneous. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the work of Blok and Esenin is analyzed not only in the framework of opposition symbolism - post-symbolism , but also as the work of poets-modernists, which allows to identify the important system of meanings, typical for the image of path in the culture of modernism. It is proved that the logic of city-forming way in the work of Blok and Esenin is the same at the level of basic structural meanings: the difficult path of initiation to the mystery, secret knowledge and secret vision, overcoming spiritual vertical on the path to transformation and mission.

The researchers of Smirnenski's poetry discover a connection between some of his works and A. Blok's poem The Twelve (the image of the revolutionary as Christ with both poets). The text studies other modes of closeness between Blok and Smirnenski: the interpretations of the themes of the feast, the factory, and the harlot, included in the wider theme of the City. Kinship can be found in the opposition of two worlds - the sublime and true, versus the base social reality - by means of the contrast between the poetics of symbolism, and the linguistic means as social reality signs intended to break this poetics. Unlike Blok, however, Smirnenski breaks down the poetics of symbolism externally - through parody in his humorous works. Thus both poets, through similar but also distinct strategies, outline the limits of symbolism and imply its ending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper intends to present the general tendency of lexical change in Russian lyrical poetry during the last two hundred years on some arbitrarily selected examples. The odes of Lomonosov were accomplished in the lofty style based on Slavonic, rhetorical, and other "poetical" devices. In Derzhavin's ode Felica, enthusiastic and ironical elements, pathos and everyday talk are combined. In Zhukovski's romantic poetry the objective sense of words is overshadowed by their emotive overtones. In avoiding the grandiloquent romantic lexis, Nekrasov describes the hopeless hard life of Russian peasantry with deep sympathy, and reliably reproduces the popular speech. In the cited poem of Akhmatova, the psychic drama of the heroine is expressed by a peculiar connection of words belonging to different stylistic layers. The entirely prosaic lexis and syntax of Blok's short poem suggests the poet's feeling about the hopeless immobility of life in a condensed metaphoric shape. Vinokurov's poem relates an imagined accidental meeting of former lovers after thirty years of their separating in an entirely colloquial style. Since a poem of genuine aesthetic value appears as a complex artistic work, its components mutually strengthen, supplement, or compensate each other. Thus, the increase of colloquial elements in the poetic vocabulary does not necessarily indicate a process of "depoetization". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In patients who underwent Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) for effective analgesia, multimodal analgesia should be used. Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) was introduced in 2013. SAPB is used in our clinic for postoperative analgesia in VATS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total analgesic consumption within 24 hours and the postoperative pain scores in patients in whom we performed VATS under SAPB. Method: After approval of the ethics committee was obtained for the study, anesthesia and pain follow-up forms of a total of 34 patients who underwent VATS between May 2016 and June 2017 were screened retrospectively. The demographic data of the patients (age, gender, operation type, and duration) were obtained from the anesthesia forms. Total analgesic consumption in 24 hour, postoperative pain scores evaluated with a visual analog scale (VAS) at 1., 6., 12 and 24 hours and complications developed were analyzed. Results: The data of 34 patients who underwent VATS surgery were accessed when the records were examined. As retrieved from records SAPB was applied for only 24 patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups as those who received and did not receive SAPB. The demographic characteristics of the patients and operating times were similar. Total analgesic consumption within 24 hours and VAS scores at postoperative 1., 6., 12. and 24. hours were statistically significantly lower in SAPB group. No difference was determined between groups in respect of complications. Conclusion: SAPB is an effective and preferable analgesia method and can be one of the multimodal analgesia components for postoperative pain management in VATS operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article it is considered the evaluations of A. A. Blok, addressed to the creativity of V. Bryusov especially his book of poems «Urbi et orbi». On materials of the letters, reviews by Blok it is considered theoretical problem of urban topics. This problem of the relation topos and topics (in the ontological understanding of the understanding of space) relatively artistic view of the poetic verses of Blok on poems of Bryusov is little studied. In this article, it is attempted to fill the gaps and disclose the nature of urban topics of Blok and trace similarities with the poetry of Bryusov in this aspect.

Antropogeni i tehnogeni uticaj na životnu sredinu pojačan je u poslednjoj deceniji XX veka. Taj trend se nastavlja i u XXI veku, a ofanziva globalizacije donosi nove ekološke probleme. Globalni ekološki problemi najviše pogađaju gradove. Izgled čovekove sredine, čiji je indentitet izražen kroz formu, strukturu i boju, predstavlja jednu od najznačajnijih karakteristika prostora. Prvo što se uočava jeste građevina i urbanističko uređenje. Ljudi su uvek pridavali veliku važnost izboru materijala za izgradnju i uređenje prostora. Pri tome su korišćeni materijali koji su bili karakteristični za određene regije i podneblja. U eri savremenih tehnologija i ekspanzije novih tehničkih dostignuća, čovek i njegova okolina zahtevaju materijale koji će oplemeniti životni prostor, a konstrukcije i oblikovane volumene učiniti bogatijim i sadržajnijim. Materijali koji se primenjuju treba da zadovolje kriterijume koji omogućavaju komfor, obezbeđuju racionalno trošenje energije, zdrave životne uslove i očuvanje životne sredine. U ovom radu predstavljeni su građevinski materijali koji po svom sastavu i tehnologiji izrade doprinose zaštiti i očuvanju životne sredine. / The looks of any environment, the identity of which is expressed through its form, structure and color, is one of the most significant characteristics of any area. The first structures that catch the observer's eye are buildings and urban structures. People have always attached importance to the choice of building materials and interior design. Materials used have been specific for certain regions. In the era of modern technology and the expansion of new technical advances, the man and his environment require materials which are going to enrich living space, while constructions and shaped volumes will be made richer and more content aware. Materials should fulfill criteria which allow comfort, provide efficient energy consumption, healthy living conditions and preserve the environment. Buildings significantly change our environment. Most of such man-made objects do not comply with the needs of environmental protection because they are energetically inefficient, too cold or too hot and expensive to maintain. They are mostly built of materials which have a negative effect on health and environment. About 40% of stone and small and big aggregate are used for their production, as well as 25% of timber. Such objects waste 40% of energy and 16% of water worldwide. The use of eco-friendly materials results in objects with a minimal influence on the environment and at the same time such materials are more economical and healthier for living. Environmental protection and construction means the maximum utilization of natural site conditions, usage of healthy materials, efficient consumption of water and energy for building and use of water. / Антропогенное и техногенное влияние на окружающую среду особенно усилилось в последнее десятелетие ХХ века. Эта тенденция продолжается и в XXI веке, а наступление глобализации несет новые экологические проблемы. Города наиболее затронуты глобальными экологическими проблемами. Внешний вид окружающей человека среды, индивидуальность которой выражается через формы, структуры и цвета, является одним из наиболее важных характеристик пространства. Первое что бросается в глаза – это архитектура и строительство. Человек всегда придает большое значение выбору материалов для строительства и отделки. При этом влияние на выбор материала оказывают региональная принадлежность и климатические условия. В эпоху современных технологий и экспансии новых технических достижений, человек требует использования материалов, которые сделают окружающее пространство более комфортным и насыщенным. То есть, материалы должны обеспечивать необходимый уровень комфорта, соответствовать требованиям энергоэффективности, быть безвредными для здоровья и экологичными. В данной статье приведен обзор материалов, соответствующих таким требованиям.

Aleksandr Blok's 1912 poem "The Commander's Footsteps" is a response to personal trauma and loss that points towards a collective catharsis in history, namely, the end of the feudal social order, signaled by the approach of an automobile in the night. A unique modernist re-imagining of the Don Juan legend's occult finale (the confrontation between Don Juan and the statue of the Commander he killed), written at the nadir of Blok's personal happiness, the poem removes the elements of passion and desire to focus exclusively on the subject's anxiety and guilt. Yet though the title of the poem famously heralds the retribution to be visited on Don Juan, the work notably omits any resolution-- beyond a cryptic prophecy that Donna Anna, Don Juan's nemesis, victim and (within the poem's anagrammatic structure, analyzed by V. V. Ivanov in a seminal 1982 paper) twin, will rise from the dead. The silent, ambivalent, un-dead 'Dead Mother' later theorized by André Green thus replaces the Phallic Mother and pre-Oedipal mother of Blok's previous periods (preceding and immediately succeeding the failed 1905 Revolution) as the embodiment of hopes for a revolutionary cataclysm, likewise superseding the phallogocentric Law represented by the punishing patriarchal Commander. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper surveys the types of personal ('confessional') poetry and thing-poetry within the oeuvres of Blok and Rilke, respectively and compared to each other. Investigations have shown contact points in this underresearched domain, and also isolated a considerable number of poems in the cycle Verses about the Beautiful Lady, distinct from the atmosphere of mysticism and expectations, which contain a great amount of realia and impressionistic depictions. Furthermore, Rilke's quasi-objective poetry (in Neue Gedichte) cannot be termed as 'objective'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four Petersburg and one Leningrad of Vladimir Nabokov Stronger sense of nostalgia accompanies Nabokov since young years to extreme old age. It has been connected, at first of all, with Petersburg where he was born, has spent the childhood and where has taken place its youth. Four poems of the author have been named Petersburg and only one – Leningrad. Why? Article offers the original version of the answer to this question.