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4. marca 2023 je bilo sprejeto besedilo novega dokumenta, ki ureja dostop do genskih virov, ki se nahajajo v območjih izven jurisdikcije držav ter pošteno in pravično delitev koristi, ki izhajajo iz njihove uporabe. Geografska pokritost Konvencije o biološki raznovrstnosti in Nagojskega protokola o dostopu do genskih virov ter pošteni in pravični delitvi koristi, ki izhajajo iz njihove uporabe, temelji na suverenih pravicah držav do genskih virov, ki se nahajajo na njihovih ozemljih. V zadnjih desetletjih se je zaradi tehnološkega napredka močno povečalo raziskovanje in izkoriščanje genskih virov, ki se nahajajo v območjih izven jurisdikcije držav. Tovrstne človeške dejavnosti puščajo posledice na morski biološki raznovrstnosti. Generalna skupščina Združenih narodov se je 19. junija 2015 dogovorila, da bo pripravila mednarodno pravno zavezujoč instrument v okviru Konvencije o pravu morja, ki bo obravnaval ohranjanje in trajnostno rabo morske biotske raznovrstnosti na območjih izven nacionalne jurisdikcije. Ta resolucija je sprožila za današnji čas enega najpomembnejših pogajalskih procesov v sistemu Združenih narodov, pri čemer se največ pozornosti namenja odsotnosti pravil v zvezi z izkoriščanjem genskih virov v območjih izven jurisdikcije držav. On 4 March 2023, the text of a new instrument governing access to genetic resources located in areas beyond national jurisdiction and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization was adopted. The geographical coverage of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization is based on the sovereign rights of States over genetic resources located in their territories. In recent decades, technological advances have led to a dramatic increase in the exploration and exploitation of genetic resources located in areas beyond the jurisdiction of States. Such human activities are having an impact on marine biodiversity. On 19 June 2015, the United Nations General Assembly agreed to develop an international legally binding instrument under the Law of the Sea Convention to address the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. This resolution has triggered one of the most important negotiation processes in the United Nations system for our time, with most attention being paid to the absence of rules on the exploitation of genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction.

V doktorski disertaciji smo razvili metodo za vzpostavitev sistema za prilagodljivo več nivojsko načrtovanje nadomestnih habitatov (NH). Glede na dosedanjo prakso se NH v Sloveniji najpogosteje določa na podlagi subjektivne strokovne ocene brez uporabe jasno opredeljene metode, zaradi česar je stopnja uspešnosti njihove izvedbe nizka. Namen je prispevati k zapolnitvi te vrzeli in predlagati metodo za razvoj sistema za pregledno in bolj objektivno določitev obsega NH v procesih presoje vplivov izvedbe planov v naravo na varovanih območjih (v nadaljevanju presoje). Metoda temelji na uporabi multikriterijske analize. Sistem pa gradijo kvalitativni več kriterijalni modeli, zgrajeni z metodo DEX in orodjem DEXi. V sistem smo vgradili tudi metodo za kvantifikacijo nadomestnih faktorjev in oceno ustreznosti območja NH. V procesu validacije smo potrdili ustreznost razvite metode in sistem uporabili na treh študijskih primerih, in sicer na primerih obvoznice Škofljica z vplivom na repaljščico (Saxicola rubetra), občinskega prostorskega načrta občine Vrhnika z vplivom na kosca (Crex crex) in odlagališča Barje z vplivom na sloko (Scolopax rusticola). Potrdili smo, da je s sistemom mogoče bolj pregledno in posledično bolj objektivno vrednotiti prostorske plane. Sistem omogoča tudi primerjave različnih primerov določitve obsega NH v Sloveniji. Sistem je enostaven za uporabo glede zahtevanih vhodnih podatkov in fleksibilen pri iskanju najustreznejših rešitev, zato je lahko uporabna metoda za podporo odločanju v procesu presoje. A method for a flexible multi-level system for planning compensatory habitats (CHs) was developed. In Slovenia, CHs are currently determined on the basis of a subjective expert judgement and without using any clearly defined methodology, due to which the success rates of implementation of CHs are low. The aim of this Dd is to fill in a methodological gap and propose a system for a transparent and more objective determination of the size of a CH in the processes of assessing the acceptability of impacts caused by the execution of plans and activities affecting nature in protected areas. The system was developed by using a multi-attribute analysis, a multi-attribute decision support model and the DEXi computer program. It also includes a method for the quantification of an offset's ratio and the assessment of the adequacy of a CH. The system was validated and tested on three study cases, namely the case of the Škofljica bypass road and the whinchat (Saxicola rubetra), the spatial plan of municipality of Vrhnika and the corncrake (Crex crex), and the landfill Barje and the Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola). It was confirmed that the system allows a transparent and more objective assessment of the development plan. By using this system, the outcomes of different cases of determining the size of a CH in Slovenia can be compared. The flexible multi-level system for planning CHs is an easy-to-use in terms of the required input data and adjustable in finding the most appropriate solutions, so it can be a useful method to support decision-making during assessments processes.

In the European Union (EU), the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is considered to be the critical public policy in terms of both impacts and funds dedicated to nature conservation, yet the goal of halting biodiversity loss in the EU remains elusive. The present paper examines the degree of biodiversity policy integration into the CAP and the quality of policy programming in a selected EU Member State in the 2014–2020 period. We use a heuristic model combining an assessment of biodiversity policy integration and a program theory analysis of the policy’s logic model. In addition, the elaboration of the logic model for other agricultural policy objectives, relevance and potential effects of measures and allocation of budgetary funds are evaluated for comparative purposes. The program logic model was found to be only loosely defined for most objectives of Slovenian agricultural policy. At the strategic level, the integration of biodiversity policy is limited to instruments that remunerate above-standard farming practices, investments and payments to areas with natural constraints. In contrast, the inclusion and consistency of biodiversity conservation in instruments supporting standard practices (e.g. direct payment schemes) is addressed only to a limited extent. Given their design and implementation, fewer than 10 % of relevant measures were judged to have strong or significant potential effects and will thus probably only partly meet the policy objectives. Finally, biodiversity conservation (estimated 5% of the total agricultural policy budget), as well as other environmental objectives (22–23 %), have a significantly lower priority than incomeand production-related objectives (54–60 %). The future CAP should include adequate safeguards and incentives to improve the quality of programming and integration of biodiversity policy, particularly since an increasing emphasis is given to decision-making at the national level. However, although the post-2020 CAP programming system could, in principle, be seen as a step forward, there remains a high risk of underperformance in the field of biodiversity conservation in the EU Member States.

Soils harbor a substantial fraction of the world's biodiversity, contributing to many crucial ecosystem functions. It is thus essential to identify general macroecological patterns related to the distribution and functioning of soil organisms to support their conservation and consideration by governance. These macroecological analyses need to represent the diversity of environmental conditions that can be found worldwide. Here we identify and characterize existing environmental gaps in soil taxa and ecosystem functioning data across soil macroecological studies and 17,186 sampling sites across the globe. These data gaps include important spatial, environmental, taxonomic, and functional gaps, and an almost complete absence of temporally explicit data. We also identify the limitations of soil macroecological studies to explore general patterns in soil biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, with only 0.3% of all sampling sites having both information about biodiversity and function, although with different taxonomic groups and functions at each site. Based on this information, we provide clear priorities to support and expand soil macroecological research. Article no. 3870. Nasl. iz nasl. zaslona. Opis vira z dne 4. 8. 2020. Skupno št. avtorjev: 26. Avtor iz Slovenije: Tine Grebenc. Bibliografija: str. 10-13.

Avstralija se je zaradi specifičnega geološkega razvoja in geografske izolacije razvila v bogato celino z avtohtonimi rastlinskimi in živalskimi vrstami. Za avstralsko biotsko raznovrstnost je značilno, da je 85 % živalskih in rastlinskih vrst endemitov. Celino zaznamuje zmanjševanje biotske raznovrstnosti na globalni ravni saj je med letoma 1996 in 2008 odgovorna za izgubo 60 % svetovne biotske raznovrstnosti. V zaključni seminarski nalogi želimo predstaviti tri izbrane grožnje biotske raznovrstnosti in ukrepe avstralske vlade za preprečevanje izgub avtohtonih živalskih in rastlinskih vrst. V prvem delu smo predstavili glavne zakonodaje in strategije, katere avstralska vlada uporablja za zaščito njihovih najbolj ogroženih rastlinskih in živalskih vrst. V drugem delu pa smo predstavili značilnosti in vplive invazivnih vrst, podnebnih sprememb in deforestacije na izgubo biotske pestrosti Avstralije. Ugotovili smo, da prizadevanja avstralske vlade še vedno ne zadoščajo za zmanjšanje izgub ogroženih rastlinskih in živalskih vrst. Zato bi bili potrebni usklajeni in celoviti odzivi z jasno opredeljenimi cilji za zmanjšanje izgub biotske raznovrstnosti Avstralije. Due to its specific geological development and geographic isolation, Australia has developed into a rich continent with native plant and animal species. Australian biodiversity is characterized by 85 % of endemic animal and plant species. The continent is responsible for the loss of 60 % of global biodiversity between 1996 and 2008. The final seminar paper presents three selected threats to biodiversity and measures of the Australian Government to prevent the loss of native fauna and flora. In the first part, we outline the main legislation and strategies that the Australian Government uses to protect their most endangered plant and animal species. The second part presents the features and impacts of invasive species, climate change and deforestation on Australia's biodiversity loss. We have found that efforts the Australian Government efforts are still insufficient to reduce the loss of endangered plant and animal species. Therefore, coordinated and comprehensive responses with clearly defined targets for reducing Australia's biodiversity loss are required.

Naloga obravnava gozdnogospodarske vidike ohranjanje voda visokega krasa. Analizirali smo slovenske predpise ter podatkovne baze s področja voda ter potrdili razsekanost vodnega cikla. Sicer obsežna zakonodaja je dokaj ustrezna, pomembno pa je deklarativna načela prenesti v prakso. Zakonitosti gozdnega hidrološkega cikla na visokem krasu so slabo raziskane, čeprav ima gospodarjenje z gozdom in hkrati z vodo v obravnavani enoti bogato tradicijo. Tako Hufnagl že leta 1892 vodo v gozdu in njene vloge obravnava celostno. Čeprav je voda iz gozda rezultat načrtovalnega procesa, je ne znamo še (ekonomsko) ovrednotiti, premalo se tudi zavedamo, da bo voda iz gozda že kmalu dragocena. Gozdna tehnika in pridobivanje gozdnih lesnih sortimentov najbolj stresno vplivata na ohranjanje voda v gozdu. V GE Draga smo leta 2004 v državnem gozdu posekali dobrih 16.000 m3 lesa in pri tem porabili med 2.370 in 3.110 litrov olja za mazanje verig motornih žag. Z anketo smo ugotovili, dase za mazanje motornih žag večinoma uporabljajo mineralna olja. Problem kakovosti razgradljivosti olja je rešen z novimi izdelki, znižanje cen oziromaizenačitev s cenejšimi mineralnimi olji bi dosegli s sistemom njihove subvencionirane nabave. Takoj je treba premeniti 17. člen Pravilnika o varstvugozdov (2000), ki bi povsod pri delu v gozdu predpisoval obvezno uporabo biološko razgradljivih olj. Še naprej moramo izobraževati ter sodelovati z lastniki gotdov in z drugimi (strokovnimi in laičnimi) javnostmi.Aktivno zmanjševanje negativnih vplivov gospdoarjenja z gozdovi na vodo mora biti ena izmed prednostnih nalog gozdarstva tudi v prihodnje, več časa in sredstev je treba nameniti tudi raziskavam. magistrsko delo

V nalogi vrednotimo ukrepe kmetijske politike za 12 planin na območju načrtovanega regijskega parka Kamniško-Savinjske Alpe ter na podlagi ankete ugotavljamo stališča udeležencev paše do ustanovitve zaščitenega območja, do ukrepov skupne kmetijske politike EU (SKP) ter dodatnih možnostih za razvoj planin. Namen naloge je bil ugotoviti, v kakšni meri ukrepi SKP, ki jih lahko uveljavljajo nosilci planin, vplivajo na njihovo gospodarjenje ter katere so dodatne možnosti za razvoj planin. Vseh 12 nosilcev planin uveljavlja neposredna plačila 1. stebra SKP in izravnalna plačila za območja z omejenimi možnostmi za kmetijsko dejavnost, medtem ko se dve planini (od dvanajstih) nista odločili za nadaljevanje kmetijsko okoljskega ukrepa planinska paša v obdobju 2007-2013. Površina planin se je v obdobju od 2007 do 2010 zmanjšala za 16 odstotkov, stalež živali se je od 2004 do 2010 zmanjšal za 10 odstotkov.Število kmetij, ki se ukvarjajo z rejo živine na planini, se je od leta 2006 do 2010 znižalo za 9 odstotkov. Večje zmanjšanje števila živali se pojavlja na manjših planinah in tistih, kjer se pase le govedo oz. le drobnica. Zmanjšanje površine planin je v prvi vrsti posledica zaostritve administrativnih postopkov ter kriterijev za upravičenost površin. Na rejo živali za planinsko pašo bi spodbujevalno delovala sprememba definicije rabe GERKov za planine. Udeleženci planinske paše povezujejo možnosti za ohranjanje planin tudi z izpolnjevanjem naslednjih pogojev: ustrezno čiščenje planin in dobro gospodarjenje ohranitev, povečanje ali spremembe ukrepov SKP ohranitev kmetij, urejeno lastništvo planin ter trženje proizvodov in storitev na planinah. Stališče udeležencev paše do ustanovitve parka pa je izrazito negativno. In the Master's Thesis the agricultural policy measures for 12 mountain pastures in the area of the planned Kamniško-Savinjske Alps Regional Park are being evaluated. A questionnaire was prepared to find out the opinions of the mountain pasture representatives regarding the establishment of the regional park, the CAP measurements, and the additional possibilities for pasture development. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate to what extend the CAP measures, which the representatives of the mountain pastures are eligible to use, influence their management and what are the additional possibilities for pasture development. All 12 representatives of the mountain pastures exercise the CAP pillar 1 direct payments and balance payments for less favoured areas for agriculture. 2 out of 12 mountain pastures decided not to continue with the agri-environmental measure 'mountain pasture' from 2007-2013. The pasture area decreased for 16% from 2007 to 2010, livestock population decreased for 10% from 2004 to 2010. The number of farms engaged in livestock on mountain pastures decreased for 9% from 2006 to 2010. Bigger decrease in livestock occurs on small and mountain pastures with only cattle or sheep. The decrease of the pasture area is in the first place the consequence of the tightening ofthe administrative procedures and the criteria for the eligibility of areas.A positive influence on livestock for mountain pasturing would be the change in the definition of eligible area for mountain pastures, the representatives of the mountain pastures see the connection between the possibility for pasture preservations and fulfilment of the following conditions: proper cleaning of the mountains and good management, maintenance,increase or modification of the CAP measures preservation of farms, well regulated pasture ownership and marketing of products and serviceson the mountains. The position of the representatives of mountain pastures regarding the establishment of the park is distinctly negative.

Biotske vrste dandanes izumirajo tisočkrat hitreje, kot so v predindustrijski dobi. V preteklosti so na dobe izumrtja vplivali naravni pojavi, trenutna, šesta doba izumrtja, pa je prva, ki je posledica človeka in njegovih dejavnosti. Na množično izumiranje vrst v največji meri vplivata živinoreja in ribolov, na samo stopnjo oziroma hitrost izumiranja pa v veliki meri vpliva eksponentna rast svetovnega prebivalstva. Kljub temu, da imata živinoreja in ribolov med vsemi človeškimi dejavnostmi na izgubo biotske raznovrstnosti največji vpliv, se zdi kot da v oblikovanje okoljevarstvenih politik, tako na državni kot mednarodni ravni, nista vključeni. Enako velja za prenaseljenost sveta, ki zaradi svoje negativne konotacije predstavlja največkrat povsem spregledano tematiko. Živinoreja in ribolov sta v zadnjih nekaj desetletjih, predvsem zaradi rasti prebivalstva in povečanega povpraševanja po mesu, mlečnih izdelkih, jajcih in ribah, postali zelo industrializirani in okolju škodljivi panogi. Svetovna poraba mesa se je med letoma 1961 in 2001 povišala za 245 odstotkov, število prebivalstva pa se je v istem obdobju povišalo za 201 odstotek. Brez sistemskih rešitev se bo trenutni trend v prihodnosti le še nadaljeval, kar lahko pripelje do nepredstavljivih okoljskih sprememb do konca tega stoletja. Republika Slovenija lahko s sistemskimi rešitvami na področju živinoreje, ribolova in prebivalstvene politike postavi zgled ostalim državam in prispeva k reševanju obvladovanja šeste dobe množičnega izumrtja vrst. Today, species are becoming extinct a thousand times faster than in the preindustrial times. In the past, natural phenomena were the reason for different mass extinctions, but the current sixth mass extinction era is the first that is the consequence of man and human activity. The mass extinction of species today is mostly influenced by animal agriculture, including fishing, while the degree and speed of extinction is largely influenced by the exponential growth of the world's population. Despite its great influence on biodiversity loss, animal agriculture seems to be left out of the agenda when creating environmental policies at both national and international levels. The same goes for overpopulation of the world, which due to its negative connotation tends to be an overlooked topic. Due to population growth and increased demand for meat, dairy, eggs and fish, animal agriculture has become a highly industrialized and environmentally harmful industry over the past few decades. World meat consumption increased by 245 percent between 1961 and 2001, and the number of people increased by 201 percent in the same period. Without systemic solutions the current trend will only continue in the future, which can lead to unimaginable environmental changes by the end of this century. By implementing systemic solutions in the field of animal agriculture, fishing and population policies, the Republic of Slovenia can set an example for other countries and contribute to managing the sixth era of mass extinction of species.

The aim of this study was to explore the diversity of fermentative yeast species in a non-vineyard and vineyard environment, and exploit their oenological potential. For this purpose we collected plant and soil material in the vineyard (located in Črniče in Vipava Valley) planted with Vitis vinifera L. and in the forest (forest in Vipava Old Castle), and by using a selective medium with high ethanol and sugar content we managed to obtain 35 isolates. By sequencing the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA we identified nine different yeast species. The oenological potential of identified yeasts was further investigated by employing a series of tests, such as growth at low pH values, tolerance to ethanol and sulfur, and H2S production ability. Based on the results of these tests we selected four different yeast species for the microvinification of Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Pinot Noir’ grape juice. A commercial strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lalvin D47 was also included as a control in the fermentation experiment. Fermentation monitoring was done by measuring daily weight loss and microbiological analysis in the middle of fermentation. For the final wines, sugars were determined and sensorial evaluation performed. Among four tested yeasts, S. paradoxus IVV 32 and Torulaspora delbrueckii IVV 36 appeared to be the most promising for winemaking, but further studies should be carried out. Namen študije je bil preučiti pestrost fermentativnih kvasovk v ne-vinogradniškem in vinogradniškem okolju ter raziskati njihov enološki potencial. V ta namen smo vzorčili različen rastlinski in talni material v vinogradu (nahajajočem se v Črničah v Vipavski dolini) in gozdu (Stari grad nad Vipavo), iz katerega smo s pomočjo uporabe selektivnega gojišča z visoko vsebnostjo sladkorja in etanola uspeli izolirati 35 izolatov. S sekvenciranjem domene D1/D2 na 26S rDNA smo določili devet različnih vrst kvasovk. Z izvedbo serije testov, kot je rast pri nizkih vrednostih pH-ja, tolerance na etanol in žveplo ter sposobnosti tvorbe H2S, smo nadalje raziskali enološki potencial določenih kvasovk. Na podlagi rezultatov teh testov smo za izvedbo mikrovinifikacije grozdnega soka sorte Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Modri pinot’ izbrali štiri različne vrste kvasovk, kot kontrolo smo vključili tudi komercialni sev Lalvin D47 vrste Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S spremljanjem dnevne izgube teže in mikrobiološko analizo sredi fermentacije smo izvedli monitoring fermentacije. Končnim vinom pa smo določili vsebnost sladkorjev in izvedli senzorično oceno. Med štirimi testiranimi kvasovkami, sta se seva IVV 32 vrste S. paradoxus in IVV 36 vrste Torulaspora delbrueckii pokazala kot najbolj obetajoča za proizvodnjo vina, vendar pa so potrebne nadaljnje raziskave.

V prispevku smo predstavili novo metodologijo za razmejevanje kmetijskih oziroma primestnih krajin, hkrati pa smo pripravili nabor enostavnih kazalnikov (stopnja gozdnatosti, število zaplat, oblika in velikost gozdnih zaplat, prostorska razmestitev in povezanost gozdnih zaplat). S pomočjo omenjenih kazalnikov in nekaj zdrave pameti smo ugotovili, da večino tako dobljenih kmetijskih krajin v zahodni, severni in južni Sloveniji obdaja vsaj na eni strani gozdna(ta) matica, ki hkrati z razmeroma zadostno gozdnatostjo samih krajin omogoča prehajanje vrstam med matico in kmetijskimi krajinami. V osrednji Sloveniji, na Gorenjskem in v vzhodni Sloveniji pa se srečujemo z drobljenjem nekdaj enovitih kmetijskih krajin zaradi avtocest in deloma zajezitev rek Save in Drave. V teh krajinah so za oceno pestrosti pomembni izsledki, ki jih pridobimo z ovrednotenjem kazalnikov oblike in velikosti krajin, gozdnatosti krajin oziroma gostote zaplat, velikostnega razreda in oblike gozdnih zaplat. In this article we present a new methodology for delineating agricultural or suburban landscapes and, at the same time, we prepared a set of simple indicators (forest cover level, number of patches, shape and size of forest patches, spatial distribution and connection of forest patches). By the use of these indicators and some common sense, we have found out, that the majority of thus acquired agricultural landscapes in western, northern, and southern Slovenia is surrounded by the forest(ed) matrix, which along with relatively sufficient forest cover of the landscapes themselves enables passage of species between matrix and agricultural landscapes. In the central Slovenia, in Gorenjska, and in the eastern Slovenia we encounter fragmentation of once uniform agricultural landscapes due to highways and, partly, damming of the Sava and Drava rivers. In these landscapes, findings, we get by evaluating of indicators of the landscapes% shape and size, landscape%s forest cover or density of patches, size class and shape of forest patches are important for the diversity evaluation.

Prihodnost Evropske unije in njena preskrba s hrano je v veliki meri odvisna od zdravja njenih naravnih ekosistemov. V skladu z načelom trajnostnega razvoja, se poskuša doseči preudarna raba vseh naravnih dobrin in sprememba v načinu ter obsegu uporabe zemljišč, kar močno vpliva na biotsko raznovrstnost in podobo evropske krajine. Predpisi za doseganje ciljev se dotikajo mnogo področij, ki so medsebojno povezana. Diplomsko delo je omejeno na kmetijski in okoljski sektor, ki imata tudi največji in neposreden vpliv pri oblikovanju zakonodaje in katerima je posvečeno tudi največ pozornosti. Za rešitev problematike degradacije ekosistemov in potrebe po zagotavljanju zadostne preskrbe s hrano, sta predstavljena dva koncepta »land sharing« in »land sparing«, ki obravnavata različen pristop glede rabe zemljišč. Na podlagi analize predpisov Evropske unije je preučena naklonjenost obema konceptoma in s tem smer razvoja okoljske in kmetijske politike. The future of European Union and its food supply is largely dependent on the health of its natural ecosystems. In accordance with the principle of sustainable development, it is trying to achieve rational utilization of natural resources of all the changes in the manner and the extent of use of land, which has a major impact on biodiversity and the landscape. The rules for achieving the objectives are touching many areas that are interconnected. The thesis of this work is limited to agricultural and environmental sector that has the greatest and direct impact in shaping legislation and therefore the most attention is devoted to those areas. To solve the issue of the degradation of ecosystems and to ensure adequate food supply, two concepts of »land sharing« and »land sparing« are being presented. These approaches are dealing with the different way of land use. European Union rules and regulations are examined in relation to these concepts and a direction of the agricultural and environmental development regarding to the concepts is being identified.

Namen prispevka je presoja raziskovalnega dela v rezervatih in tudi naravovarstvena ocena gozdnih rezervatov s poudarkom na ohranjanju naravne biotske pestrosti. Izmerili smo količino (volumen) in kakovost (debelinska struktura, struktura različnih razkrojnih stadijev) ostankov odmrlih dreves, ki sta lahko enostavna in dobra kazalnika naravnosti in biotske raznovrstnosti. Rezultati so jasno pokazali velike količine ostankov odmrlih dreves, nakopičenih v rezervatih s prostorninami od 21,4 m3/ha do 239 m3/ha in povprečjem 116,4 m3/ha (mediana = 106,0 m3/ha), kar je bilo bistveno več kot v okoliških gozdovih. Struktura odmrlega drevja v rezervatih je pokazala veliko kakovost, saj so debelejši ostanki različnih faz razkroja predstavljali velik delež. Glede na to in glede na aktualna evropska priporočila (30%50 m3/ha v gospodarskih gozdovih) lahko sklepamo, da relativno majhna mreža rezervatov (

V prispevku obravnavamo vpliv nekaterih gozdarskih ukrepov (intenzivnost sečnje, gozdne prometnice) na izbrane saproksilne žuželke s poudarkom na vrstah NATURA 2000, pa tudi vpliv požarov na subkortikalno favno hroščev (nekatere primarne saproksile). Proučevanje intenzivnosti sečnje in gozdnih prometnic na biotsko raznovrstnost saproksilnih hroščev je potekalo v jelovo-bukovih sestojih (Omphalodo-Fagetum) na treh GGO (Tolmin, Novo mesto, Postojna) s pomočjo križnih pasti in feromonom znamke GalloProtect 2D%, vpliv ognja pa na treh požariščih starosti eno leto, 2,5 in 3 leta na območju Sežane. Ugotovili smo, da intenzivnost sečnje v večini primerov pozitivno vpliva na večjo biotsko raznovrstnost vrst iz družine kozličkov, vendar je sama biotska raznovrstnost zelo odvisna od lokalnih razmer, zlasti količine odmrle lesne mase. Biotska raznovrstnost subkortikalne entomofavne je bila največja na požarišču starosti eno leto. S staranjem požarišč se biotska raznovrstnost zmanjšuje. In this article we present the impact of some forestry measures (intensity of felling, forest skidding roads) on the chosen saproxylic insects, with the emphasis on NATURA 2000 species, as well as the impact of fires on the sub-cortical fauna of the beetles (some primary saproxylic species). The study of impact of felling intensity and forest roads on the biodiversity of saproxylic beetles was done on the Omphalodo%Fagetum site on three locations (Tolmin, Novo mesto, Postojna) using cross vane funnel traps and pheromone GalloProtect 2D%. The study of the impact of fire was done on 1, 2.5, 3 years old burnt areas in the Sežana area. We found the impact of the intensity of felling in many cases had a positive effect on higher biodiversity of the species from the Cerambycidae family, but biodiversity itself depends heavily on local conditions, especially the amount of dead wood biomass. Biodiversity of sub-cortical entomofauna was the highest on the one year old location with increasing age of the burnt areas the biodiversity was declining.

Avtorji predstavljajo izkušnje Slovenije na področju ohranjanja biotske raznovrstnosti v gozdnem prostoru. Zaradi dolge tradicije sonaravnega gospodarjenja z gozdovi in posledično ohranjenih gozdov je bilo več kot 50 % gozdnih površin vključenih v Naturo 2000. Spremembe zakonodaje na področju gozdarstva so posledica prenosa evropskih direktiv v slovenski pravni red. Nove naloge terjajo spremembe pri gozdnogospodarskem načrtovanju ter sodelovanje institucij, ki vključujejo področji gospodarjenja z gozdovi ter varstva narave. Vključevanje upravljanja z Naturo v gozdnogospodarske načrte je prikazano na primeru dveh GGN. Izbrane enote so del dveh večjih predelov gozdov (Pohorje, Kočevsko), ki sta vključena v Naturo 2000. Analizirani so bili ukrepi, s katerimi se zagotavlja ugodno stanje kvalifikacijskih vrst in habitatnih tipov ter tako izpolnjuje varstvene cilje območij Natura 2000. Ukrepi, ki omogočajo izpolnjevanje varstvenih ciljev, terjajo prilagojeno gospodarjenje, s tem pa tudi določene omejitve za lastnike gozdov. The authors present Slovenian experiences in the field of biodiversity sustaining in the forest area. Due to the long tradition of close-to-nature forest management and, consequently, well preserved forests, over 50% of sylvan space has been included into Natura 2000. Legislative changes in the field of forestry result from the transfer of European directives in Slovenian legal system. The new tasks require changes in forest management planning and cooperation of the institutions covering the fields of forest management and nature protection. Integration of Natura management in forest management plans is demonstrated on the cases of two forest management plans (FMPs). The selected units are parts of two larger forest complexes (Pohorje, Kočevsko), included in Natura 2000. We analyzed measures ensuring favorable condition of qualification species and habitat types and thus attaining protection objectives of the Natura 2000 areas. The measures enabling achieving protection objectives require adjusted economizing and thereby also certain limitations for forest owners.