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Introduction: Lupus nephritis (LN) is known to be one of the most serious complications of SLE and it is a major predictor of poor prognosis. Despite the improvement in understanding the pathophysiology of lupus nephritis and greater improvement in diagnostic approaches, lupus nephritis patients have poorer outcomes. Objectives: Study the relation between renal resistive index (RRI) and renal function and histopathological parameters in lupus nephritis (LN) patients. Also to investigate the usefulness of RRI in predicting response to treatment. Patients and methods: This study included 126 patients who were split into two groups (group 1: 101 LN patients and group 2: 25 SLE patients without renal affection); and 100 healthy controls (group 3). The RRI was measured for all participants through a colored Doppler ultrasound examination. LN patients underwent renal biopsy and received their therapy and were followed up for 6 months. Results: The RRI was significantly greater in the LN group (mean ± SD; 0.64 ± 0.07) than in SLE patients without nephritis (0.5884 ± 0.04) (P

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Introduction: As life expectancy increases, geriatric patients are affected by kidney disease; nephrologists are increasingly faced with a geriatric population requiring kidney biopsy (KB). Objective: To analyze geriatric patients' histopathological diagnosis, clinical presentation, and biopsy indications. Methods: All patients who underwent native KB in our center between 2017 and 2023 were included. Histopathological diagnosis, clinical presentation, and biopsy indications in geriatric patients were compared with the non-geriatric group. Results: Among the 511 included patients, those older than 65 years (n:81, 15.8%) were analyzed and compared with those aged 18-64 years (n:430, 84.2%). The median age of the patients was 68 (IQR 66-72) years, and 56.8% were male. Non-nephrotic proteinuria was the most common biopsy indication in the geriatric group (27.2%, p: 0.004). The most frequent primer glomerular disease (PGD) was membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). MGN (33.3%) was the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome. The geriatric group's most frequent Primary Glomerular Disease (PGD) histopathological patterns were MGN, FSGS, and pauci-immune GN. The frequency of acute kidney injury was significantly higher in the geriatric group (19.8%) compared to the nongeriatric group (11.6%) (p = 0.046). Secondary glomerular diseases (SGD) were more common than PGD and tubulointerstitial nephritis. Diabetic nephropathy was the most common SGD in both the geriatric and non-geriatric groups (24.7% and 15.6%). Conclusions: The spectrum of biopsyproven kidney disease in the geriatric patients seen in our study differs from that of the non-geriatric population. KB provides valuable information with diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: This study aims to examine the patients who underwent kidney biopsies due to urinary abnormalities and/or kidney failure in our unit and whether there was a change in the distribution of glomerular diseases before and after the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The patients were divided into pre-pandemic (group-1) and post-pandemic (group-2). The frequency of renal pathology results and the representative clinical syndrome were compared between groups. Results: 452 patients [median age: 48 years (IQR: 36.25-58), 54.8% male], (group-1, n:215; 47.57%), (group-2, n:237; 52,43%)) were included in the study. Non-nephrotic proteinuria was the most common indication in both two groups. The frequency of nephrotic syndrome was significantly higher in group-1 (19.5%, p:0.007). The acute or rapidly progressive renal failure frequency was significantly higher in group-2 (p:0.021). The median 24-hour urine protein level was 1354 (IQR:521-3000) mg/day, significantly lower in group-2 (p: 0,001). Primary glomerular disease was the most common category (42.19%), followed by secondary glomerular diseases (35.02%) and tubulointerstitial nephropathies (6.32%) in group-2. The frequency of primary glomerular disease was significantly higher in group-1 (p:0.022). Hypertensive nephrosclerosis (6.80%) was common in group-2 compared to group-1 (p:0,026). Conclusion: We did not detect an increase in the prevalence of primary glomerular disease; on the contrary, there was a decrease in the prevalence of primary glomerular disease in the post-pandemic period. The acute or rapidly progressive renal failure frequency was significantly higher in the postpandemic period. Further multicenter studies are needed to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on glomerular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In addition to diabetic nephropathies (DNP), prevalence of nondiabetic nephropathies (NDNP) is also known to be frequent in patients diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM). Early diagnosis of these conditions is important for the treatment and prognosis of these patients. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between clinical and laboratory findings of type 2 diabetic patients' renal biopsies. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 140 patients who had diagnosis of type 2 DM and underwent renal biopsy from July 2020- August 2022 at nephrology clinics of Hospital Umraniye. Renal biopsy results, presence of hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, hematuria, proteinuria; duration of the disease, biopsy indications, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, and proteinuria levels in 24h urine were measured. The statistical significance level was determined as p<0,05. Results: NDNP were detected in 43,7% of the patients. Among these the most common diagnosis was interstitial nephritis (20%). The most common biopsy indication was found to be nephrotic range proteinuria (30,7%). The difference between the DNP and NDNP patients' renal biopsy indications was statistically significant (p<0,001). DNP patients had a higher retinopathy incidence (60%,11%, p<0,001). A statistically significant difference was detected between the disease duration of DNP and NDNP groups (11,23 +5,74 years, p:0,002). According to multivariate regression analysis DR and HbA1c value, more than 7% have 4, 482 and 4,591-fold increased the risk of DNP incidence (p=0,021, p:0,024). Conclusion: Early diagnosis of DNP and NDNP of diabetic patients by performing renal biopsies affects the treatment and prognosis of the patients. Therefore, when evaluating diabetic patients, its necessary not to overlook the findings suggestive of NDNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: La nefritis lúpica es un factor de mal pronóstico en los pacientes con lupus. La punción biopsia renal, permite la clasificación de las nefritis lúpica. Objetivo General: Conocer los estadios más frecuentemente biopsiados de nefritis lúpica en el Hospital de Clínicas FCM-UNA. Objetivos Específicos: Reconocer la forma de presentación y la correlación clínico-patológica de las nefritis lúpica en el Hospital de Clínicas. Identificar las indicaciones más frecuentes para punción biopsia renal. Conocer la frecuencia de complicaciones. Pacientes y Métodos: Retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo de corte trasversal. Resultados: Del total de pacientes con nefritis lúpica (n=33); 85% fueron para pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico + nefritis lúpica+proteinuria; 6% síndrome nefrótico; 6% síndrome nefrítico; 3% proteinuria aislada. Como complicaciones 3% desarrolló hemato- ma perirrenal mínimo. Del total de pacientes con glomerulopatías secundarias biopsiados (n=37); el 89% fueron diagnosticados como nefritis lúpica. Las clases anatomopatológicas encontradas fueron 64% clase IV G; 18% clase IV S; 12% clase V; 6% clase III. Conclusión: Predominó la clase 4 G. La forma de presentación más frecuente fue pacientes con lupus, nefritis lúpica y proteinuria. La indicación más frecuente de punción biopsia renal fue la de proteinuria con diagnóstico de lupus eritematoso sistémico. Como compli caciones sólo 3% desarrolló hematoma perirrenal mínimo.

Background/Aims: The most important complication of kidney biopsy is bleeding, and it is unclear whether desmopressin is effective in preventing it. Thus, the study was conducted to compare post-biopsy bleeding with or without desmopressin prescription prior to percutaneous kidney biopsy. Methods: In this single-centered, retrospective, and observational study, 3,018 adult patients who underwent kidney biopsy between January 1, 2003 and March 31, 2019 at our institute were recruited. Of these, 776 patients received desmopressin. To compare the differences in major bleeding events between patients administered and not administered with desmopressin, propensity score matching was performed. Results: Before propensity score (PS) matching, it was observed that patients in the desmopressin group were significantly older (p

Introducción: las vasculitis asociadas a anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos (ANCA) son un grupo heterogéneo de patologías, caracterizadas por la inflamación y la destrucción de vasos sanguíneos de pequeño y mediano calibre, asociados a la presencia de ANCA circulantes. Se presentan con una amplia variedad de signos y síntomas y, si no se tratan, conllevan a una alta morbimortalidad. Estos constituyen una causa poco frecuente de glomerulonefritis rápidamente progresiva y lesión renal aguda con necesidad de soporte renal, por lo que se requiere un alto índice de sospecha en el abordaje inicial. Objetivo: con el presente artículo se busca sensibilizar al personal médico sobre la necesidad de una búsqueda activa de vasculitis como causa de glomerulonefritis y el impacto del diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos en la condición clínica del paciente. Presentación del caso: paciente masculino de 65 años atendido en un centro hospitalario de referencia en la ciudad de Pereira, Risaralda, quien debuta con glomerulonefritis rápidamente progresiva secundaria a poliangeítis microscópica en su posoperatorio de prostatectomía, y que progresa a lesión renal aguda con necesidad de inicio de soporte renal de tipo hemodiálisis intermitente; posterior a realizar biopsia renal y perfil de autoinmunidad, se confirma el diagnóstico de vasculitis tipo poliangeítis microscópica, se inicia manejo específico inmunosupresor, con lo que se logra la remisión de la enfermedad y con ello una mejoría en la función renal que permite suspender la terapia de reemplazo renal. Actualmente el paciente permanece asintomático, con remisión de su enfermedad con manejo inmunosupresor, asistiendo a controles ambulatorios con Nefrología sin mención de complicaciones secundarias a terapia farmacológica. Discusión y conclusión: En las vasculitis asociadas a los anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos (ANCA), el diagnóstico oportuno y el establecimiento de una terapia inmunomoduladora adecuada son el pilar fundamental en el abordaje de esta entidad. Un diagnóstico tardío está directamente relacionado con un pobre pronóstico a corto plazo. El diagnóstico oportuno requiere de un índice de sospecha apropiado.

Introduction: The lumbar superior triangle [of GRYNFELT] is an anatomical landmark traditionally described as an area of weakness in the posterior wall and a herniogenic place for lumbar hernias. This work shows that the aforementioned triangle is an anatomical landmark that allows the location of the inferior pole of the left kidney. Its importance in the clinical and surgical practice becomes relevant when performing a renal biopsy by establishing an anatomical landmark that allows the location of the inferior pole of the left kidney in order to achieve an aetiological diagnosis and define a therapeutic conduct. Hypothesis: The superior lumbar triangle locates the inferior pole of the left kidney. Objective: To prove if the anatomical landmark locates the inferior pole of the left kidney Materials and method: An observational retrospective design was applied to 195 patients who underwent a renal biopsy using the lumbar puncture technique. These were performed at Hospital Central between 2013 and 2018 under the clinical suspicion of glomerulopathies. Registers were kept in medical history, biopsy spreadsheet and the biopsy notebook from the nephrology service. Results and conclusions: The anatomical landmark allowed the visualization of the renal pole in 97,5% of the cases through echography and a renal puncture effectiveness in 84,9% of the cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound is an essential tool in the management of the nephrological patient allowing the diagnosis, monitoring and performance of kidney intervention. However, the usefulness of ultrasound in the hands of the nephrologist is not limited exclusively to the ultrasound study of the kidney. By ultrasound, the nephrologist can also optimize the management of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis, measure cardiovascular risk (mean intimate thickness), implant central catheters for ultrasound-guided HD, as well as the patient's volemia using basic cardiac ultrasound, ultrasound of the Cava Inferior vein and lungs.From the Working Group on Interventional Nephrology of the Spanish Society of Nephrology (G.N.D.I. of the S.E.N.) we have prepared this Consensus Document that summarizes the main applications of ultrasound to Nephrology, including the necessary basic technical requirements, the framework normative and the level of training of nephrologists in this area. The objective of this work is to promote the inclusion of ultrasound, both diagnostic and interventional, in the usual clinical practice of the nephrologist and in the Nephrology Services portfolio with the final objective of offering diligent, efficient and comprehensive management to the nephrological patient. Resumen: La ecografía es una herramienta esencial en el manejo del paciente nefrológico permitiendo el diagnóstico, seguimiento y realización de intervencionismo sobre el riñón. La utilidad de los ultrasonidos en Nefrología no se circunscribe exclusivamente al estudio ecográfico del riñón. Mediante ecografía el nefrólogo puede, además, optimizar el manejo de la fístula arteriovenosa para hemodiálisis, medir el riesgo cardiovascular (grosor íntima media), implantar catéteres centrales para hemodiálisis ecoguiados y ayudar en la colocación de los peritoneales, así como calcular la volemia del paciente medianteecografía cardiaca básica, ecografía de la vena cava inferior y pulmonar.Desde el G.N.D.I. de la S.E.N hemos elaborado este documento de consenso en el que se resumen las principales aplicaciones de la ecografía en Nefrología, incluyendo los requisitos técnicos básicos necesarios, el marco normativo y el nivel de capacitación de los nefrólogos en esta materia. El objetivo de este trabajo es promover la inclusión de la ecografía, tanto diagnóstica como intervencionista, en la práctica clínica habitual del nefrólogo y en la cartera de servicios de Nefrología con el objetivo final de ofrecer un manejo diligente, eficiente e integral al paciente nefrológico.

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most frequent complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and its diagnosis is usually established on clinical grounds. However, kidney involvement in some diabetic patients can be due to other causes, and renal biopsy might be needed to exclude them. The aim of our study was to establish the clinical and analytical data that predict DN and no-diabetic renal disease (NDRD), and to develop a predictive model (score) to confirm or dismiss DN. Material and methods: We conducted a transversal, observational and retrospective study, including renal biopsies performed in type 2 DM patients, between 2000 and 2018. Results: Two hundred seven DM patients were included in our study. The mean age was 64.5 ± 10.6 years and 74% were male. DN was found in 126 (61%) of the biopsies and NDRD in 81 (39%). Diabetic retinopathy was presented in 58% of DN patients, but only in 6% of NDRD patients (p 3 had DN and 94% of cases with a score ≤1 had NDRD (score ranked from −6 to 8 points). Conclusions: NDRD is common in DM patients (39%), being primary glomerulonephritis the most frequent ethology. The absence of retinopathy and the presence of microhematuria are highly suggestive of NDRD. The use of our predictive model could facilitate the indication of performing a renal biopsy in DM patients. Resumen: Introducción: La nefropatía diabética (ND) es una complicación frecuente de la diabetes mellitus (DM), y su diagnóstico suele ser clínico. Sin embargo, en numerosas ocasiones la enfermedad renal que presentan los pacientes diabéticos es debida a otras causas cuyo diagnóstico es histológico. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los datos clínicos y analíticos predictores de ND y enfermedad renal no diabética (ERND), y elaborar un modelo predictivo (score) para confirmar o descartar ND. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo de biopsias renales realizadas en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 entre 2000 y 2018. Resultados: Se incluyeron 207 pacientes diabéticos con una edad media de 64.5 ± 10,6 años; el 74% eran varones. La biopsia mostró ND en 126 (61%) y en 81 ERND (39%). La retinopatía diabética estaba presente en el 58% de los pacientes con ND y en el 6% del grupo con ERND (p 3 era tenían ND, y el 94% de los casos con score ≤ 1 punto fueron ERND. Conclusiones: La ERND es frecuente en pacientes con DM (39%). La etiología más frecuente son las glomerulonefritis primarias. La ausencia de retinopatía y la presencia de microhematuria son altamente sugestivas de ERND. La utilización de un sistema de puntuación facilita la indicación de biopsia renal en pacientes diabéticos.

Objective: To evaluate the response to induction treatment with two treatment regimens, one with Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) and the other with Cyclophosphamide (CFM), and mortality in a series of cases with Lupus Nephritis (LN) in the Colombian Caribbean region. Method: An analytical study was carried out with 414 patients with a diagnosis of LN classes III, IV and V confirmed by biopsy and treated between the years 2008-2020. The decrease in Serum Creatinine (CrSr) and Proteinuria in 24 hrs (Prot24hrs), in response to remission induction treatment (partial or complete), as well as mortality and its causes in the two treatment schedules were evaluated. Results: 414 patients were evaluated, of which 87% were women. The mean age was 37 ± 13 years. 324 were treated with MMF and 90 CFM. The predominant histological class was class IV (668.2%). Prot24hrs showed a decrease in both regimens, Class IV treated with MMF showed a significant decrease (p=0.0019). The CFM treatment significantly decreased the CrSr (p=0.0025), especially in Classes III (p: 0.0038) and IV (p: 0.0012); MMF did not decrease significantly for this parameter except for Class V (0.0046). There were no significant differences in response (partial or complete remission) between regimens, nor in mortality or its causes (p=0.4215). Conclusions: Both schemes can be used for induction in patients with LN, they have similar effectiveness and safety profiles. The high mortality from infectious causes indicates the need for greater control over patients and in education for the prevention of this cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lupus nephritis (LN) is known to be one of the most serious complications of SLE and it is a major predictor of poor prognosis. Despite the improvement in understanding the pathophysiology of lupus nephritis and greater improvement in diagnostic approaches, lupus nephritis patients have poorer outcomes., Objectives: Study the relation between renal resistive index (RRI) and renal function and histopathological parameters in lupus nephritis (LN) patients. Also to investigate the usefulness of RRI in predicting response to treatment., Patients and Methods: This study included 126 patients who were split into two groups (group 1: 101 LN patients and group 2: 25 SLE patients without renal affection); and 100 healthy controls (group 3). The RRI was measured for all participants through a colored Doppler ultrasound examination. LN patients underwent renal biopsy and received their therapy and were followed up for 6 months., Results: The RRI was significantly greater in the LN group (mean±SD; 0.64±0.07) than in SLE patients without nephritis (0.5884±0.04) (P<0.0001). The RRI was greater in LN class IV (P<0.0001). RRI significantly correlated with the chronicity index (r=0.704, P<0.0001), activity index (r=0.310, P=0.002), and serum creatinine (r=0.607, P<0.0001) and negatively correlated with eGFR (r=-0.719, P<0.0001). Almost eighty-five percent (84.8%) of LN patients responded to induction therapy. RRI was significantly greater in the nonresponder group (mean±SD, 0.73±0.02) than that in the responder group (0.63±.07) (P<0.0001). All non-responders to induction therapy while only 29.8% of responders had an RRI of ˃0.7. RRI, according to regression analysis was a significant predictor of response to treatment in LN patients., Conclusion: RRI was significantly greater in the LN group and significantly correlated with kidney function and histopathological parameters. RRI can predict response to induction therapy in LN patients., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Nefrología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Descripción del caso: Paciente de 13 años que ingresa en hospital de tercer nivel, procedente de consultas externas de Nefrología pediátrica del mismo hospital para biopsia renal, al sufrir, en valoraciones anteriores, episodios de hematurias microscópicas persistentes, macroscópicas intermitentes y proteinuria en rango nefrótico. Descripción del plan de cuidados: La unidad de enfermería pediátrica del hospital estableció un plan de cuidados inicial al ingreso y postquirúrgico ajustados a la patrones funcionales de Marjory Gordon, considerando los patrones relacionados con temor en el niño, ansiedad y cavilación de la familia, resultando de estos hechos la activación del protocolo de acogida, aumento del nivel de estrés debido a modificación ingesta alimentos, aumentar el afrontamiento en la fase postquirúrgica así como dolor, riesgo de infección, disconfort, sobrepeso por alimentación insana y hematurias postbiopsia. Evaluación del plan: Durante el ingreso hospitalario de 4 días previo a la biopsia se le realizaron pruebas bioquímicas de sangre y orina de 24 horas y estudio de anemia. Los progenitores se mostraban muy interesados por la evolución de las pruebas y como contener la ansiedad y tener calmado al hijo debido al conocimiento de que le harían una punción. Mientras se encontraba hospitalizado no cumplía los requisitos nutricionales. Al día siguiente de la biopsia fue dado de alta con unas pautas para comenzar con una alimentación más sana. Conclusiones: La taxonomía NANDA/NOC/NIC permite trabajar en la enfermería basada en los hallazgos, dando respuesta a las necesidades reales de los pacientes para contribuir a mejorar la práctica clínica.

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Copyright of Enfermería Nefrológica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A hemorragia major é uma complicação conhecida da biópsia renal percutânea, com uma taxa aproximada de 2,2%. A embolização arterial selectiva é um procedimento seguro, eficaz e pouco invasivo, com aplicação importante na gestão de hemorragias ativas, como por exemplo nas lesões iatrogénicas após biópsia renal. Caso clínico de doente do sexo feminino, 52 anos. No contexto do diagnóstico imagiológico de neoplasia renal metastizada, submetida a biopsia renal percutânea. Admitida na sala de emergência, 3 horas após a biópsia renal, por choque hemorrágico, com angio-TC a evidenciar volumoso hematoma retroperitoneal com sinais de hemorragia ativa na dependência da neoplasia renal. Por ausência de condições para intervenção cirúrgica, foi realizada angiografia com intenção de controlo da hemorragia. Procedeu-se a embolização selectiva do foco hemorrágico com micropartículas PVA (álcool polivinílico). Após realização do procedimento, a doente evoluiu favoravelmente do ponto de vista hemodinâmico, com resolução do choque hemorrágico.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la utilidad de la rebiopsia renal en pacientes con glomerulonefritis ANCA en la toma de decisiones. Se incluyeron en forma retrospectiva todos los pacientes con glomerulonefritis ANCA diagnosticados por biopsia renal entre enero de 2002 y mayo de 2017. Se revisó la histología de las rebiopsias y fue correlacionada con los hallazgos clínicos (hematuria, proteinuria y caída del filtrado) y resultados histológicos de la primera y segunda biopsia. Sesenta pacientes (77% mujeres) fueron incluidos.

Ultrasonography (US) findings and Doppler sonography of renal vessels can provide useful information on the structural and vascular supply of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this study was to compare the US findings of patients with diabetic nephropathy with the pathologic findings of their renal biopsy. In this descriptive study, US parameters including resistivity index (RI), renal size and volume and cortical and medullary echogenicity, and histopathological findings of renal biopsy (fibrosis, inflammation and chronicity) of 60 patients (27 women and 33 men) with diabetic nephropathy admitted in Hasheminejad kidney center (HKC) of Tehran were extracted and analyzed. Of 60 patients, interstitial fibrosis (IF) in 47 patients, interstitial inflammation (II) in 50 patients and signs of chronicity in 43 patients in pathology report were observed. Patients with IF had larger renal length, higher sinus volume, coarse echogenicity, and abnormal medullary echogenicity, significantly. The presence of II was associated with larger renal length, higher renal and sinus volume, higher cortical echogenicity, and more patients with coarse echogenicity and abnormal medullary echogenicity. The observation of chronicity was significantly correlated with higher sinus volume and more patients with irregular renal rim. According to the findings of this study, renal length and volume, renal sinus volume, and the presence of coarse echogenicity and abnormal medullar echogenicity strongly correlate with renal histopathologic findings in patients with diabetic nephropathy. RI is not a suitable marker for identifying tubulointerstitial changes in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: El impacto del rechazo agudo en la supervivencia del injerto renal es bien conocido; sin embargo, el pronóstico de otras entidades es incierto. Evaluamos la frecuencia y el impacto en la supervivencia del injerto de las diferentes categorías diagnósticas según la clasificación Banff 2013 en una cohorte de trasplantados renales y su impacto en la supervivencia del injerto. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 495 biopsias renales por indicación, en 322 pacientes entre 1990 y 2014. Dos observadores independientes revisaron los diagnósticos histológicos y reclasificaron según Banff 2013. Resultados: De 495 biopsias, 28 (5,7%) fueron no diagnósticas. De las 467 restantes, 10,3% fueron «normales» (categoría 1), 19,6% fueron cambios mediados por anticuerpos (categoría 2), 5,9% fueron cambios borderline (categoría 3), el 8,7% fueron rechazo mediado por células T (categoría 4), el 23,4% fue fibrosis intersticial/atrofia tubular (FIAT) (categoría 5) y el 26,5% fueron otros diagnósticos (categoría 6). Al aumentar el tiempo postrasplante, disminuyen los diagnósticos de categorías 1, 3 y 4 y aumentan los de la 5 y la 2. Observamos peor supervivencia en injertos con diagnósticos de categoría 2 (45% a 7,5 años; HR pérdida del injerto 4,29 [IC 95%: 2,39-7,73]; p ≤ 0,001, con respecto a categoría 1). Los injertos con «histología desfavorable» (rechazo crónico mediado por anticuerpos, IFTA moderada-severa) presentan peor supervivencia que los injertos con «histología favorable» (normal, necrosis tubular aguda, FIAT leve). Conclusiones: La clasificación de Banff 2013 permite el diagnóstico histológico en el 95% de las biopsias por indicación. La categoría 6 es la más frecuente, pero se observa una modificación en la histopatología predominante según el tiempo postrasplante. Los cambios mediados por anticuerpos se asocian con peor supervivencia del injerto.

Introduction: Kidney disease is very common among the elderly. Over the last decades, the number of renal biopsies performed on these patients has increased. Objective: This study was carried out to examine the frequency and the clinical-pathological correlation of kidney disease in elderly patients who have had a renal biopsy done. Methods: The clinical presentation of kidney disease and the main histological findings were retrospectively analyzed in patients over 65 who had undergone renal biopsy (n=109) for a period of 12 years. Results: The total number of renal biopsies performed during this period was 871, out of which 109 (12.5%) corresponded to patients over 65. The main indications for renal biopsies were nephrotic syndrome (37.6%) and kidney failure (34.9%). Microscopic hematuria was found in 59.6% of the patients and high blood pressure in 62.4% of them. The most frequent histological diagnosis was membranous glomerulonephritis (21.1%), followed by extracapillary glomerulonephritis (20.2%). When clinical syndromes and histological findings were compared, the nephrotic syndrome was found to be the main feature of membranous nephropathy (78.3%), of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (55.6%) and of diabetic nephropathy (66.7%). Kidney failure was present in 90% of the cases of extracapillary glomerulonephritis (95.5% pauciimmune or type 3). Microscopic hematuria was the main sign of mesangial prolifeative glomerulonephritis (83.3%). Conclusions: Nephrotic syndrome and kidney failure (especially rapidly progressive renal failure) were the main renal biopsy results in this group of patients, bearing close relation to histological findings. The most common types of glomerulonephritis were membranous GN and pauciimmune extracapillary GN. Renal biopsy provides useful information for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of kidney disease in the elderly.

Antecedentes y objetivos: La afectación renal del diabético solo puede determinarse mediante biopsia renal, que presenta una elevada prevalencia de lesiones no diabéticas. Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar la predictibilidad de nefropatía no diabética (NND) en diabéticos, estudiar diferencias de supervivencia y pronóstico renal, evaluar las lesiones histológicas en nefropatía diabética (ND) y el efecto de la proteinuria en la supervivencia y pronóstico renal en esta población. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de las biopsias renales de diabéticos entre 1990 y 2013 en nuestro centro. Resultados: Incluimos a 110 pacientes: 87 hombres (79%), con una edad media de 62 años (50-74), creatinina sérica media de 2,6 mg/dl (0,9-4,3) y proteinuria de 3,5 g/24 h (0,5-6,5). El 34,5% presentaban ND, el 61,8% NND y el 3,6% ND + NND. La NND más frecuente fue nefropatía IgA (13,2%). En el análisis multivariado, se asociaron de forma independiente a NND: edad (OR 1,068; IC 95%: 1,010-1,129; p = 0,022), años de diabetes (OR: 0,992; 0,987-0,998; p = 0,004), creatinina (OR: 1,48; 1,011-2,172; p = 0,044), proteinuria de 24 h (OR: 0.813; 0,679-0,974; p = 0,025) y retinopatía diabética (OR: 0,23; 0,066-0,808; p = 0,022). No hallamos diferencias de supervivencia ni de pronóstico renal. Entre los pacientes con ND, presentaban mayor expansión nodular mesangial los que tenían proteinuria nefrótica (p = 0,02), así como peor pronóstico renal (p = 0,004) comparado con proteinuria no nefrótica. No evidenciamos diferencias en la supervivencia del paciente. Conclusiones: La causa más frecuente de NND fue nefropatía IgA. Los pacientes con mayor edad, creatinina, menor duración de diabetes, ausencia de retinopatía diabética y menor proteinuria presentan mayor riesgo de NND. Los pacientes con ND y proteinuria en rango nefrótico tuvieron peor pronóstico renal.

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A clinical case is presented of a six-year old male with recurrent episodes of macroscopic hematuria, mostly associated to upper respiratory tract infections. Secondary involvement is discarded and handled with clinically suspected primary IgA Nephropathy, low risk to progression to end-stage renal disease. Even though it is relatively frequent disease, is rarely diagnosed by the first contact physician. In this report, it is informed about the advances in the pathophysiology and diagnosis of this entity, the clinical and histopathological aspects of the pediatric patient with renal disease, the dilemma on the diagnostic approach to invasive renal biopsy in a life-long disease that begins in a short age, the prognosis and treatment of the patient with hematuria of glomerular origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Devido à escassez de trabalhos sobre biópsias renais em ovinos foi desenvolvido um estudo comparativo entre três técnicas de biópsia renal nesta espécie. Neste estudo foram utilizadas nove ovelhas (26,64 kg ±4,86) mestiças (Santa Inês) em procedimentos seriados, com intervalos consecutivos de uma semana. Foram avaliados os aspectos clínicos, achados de patologia clínica, o peso das amostras renais, a qualidade histológica, o número de glomérulos e a presença de artefatos no corte histológico da técnica de biópsia percutânea cega, da biópsia guiada por ultrassonografia e do procedimento videolaparoscópico. Não foram observadas alterações hematológicas ou bioquímicas relevantes nos animais submetidos às biópsias renais e as manifestações clínicas detectadas foram leves e transitórias, exceto por um caso de obstrução uretral por coágulo sangüíneo. A técnica percutânea cega foi relacionada à maior ocorrência e gravidade de hematúria, com danos mais graves ao tecido renal e com o único caso de obstrução do fluxo urinário. Na técnica videolaparoscópica, o peso médio das amostras foi superior e a hematúria discreta e transitória. Verificou-se relação direta entre a ocorrência de hematúria grave e a presença de epitélio de transição nas amostras e o número de tentativas utilizado para a obtenção dos fragmentos.Due to lack of studies about renal biopsies in sheep, a comparative study was performed for three renal biopsy techniques in this species. In this study, nine crossbred (Santa Inês) ewe lamb (26.64 kg ±4,86) were used in serial procedures with one week consecutive intervals. The clinical aspects, clinical pathological findings, renal sample weights, histology quality, number of glomeruli, and the presence of artifacts in the histology slices were evaluated using the techniques of percutaneous blind biopsy, ultrasound guided biopsies and of videolaparoscopic procedure. No relevant hematological or biochemical alterations were observed in the animals subjected to renal biopsies and the clinical manifestations detected were slight and transitory, except for one case of urethral obstruction by blood clot. The blind technique was related to more frequent and severe cases of hematuria, with more severe damage to the renal tissue and to the only case of obstruction of the urinary flow. In the videolaparocopic technique, the average weight of the samples was superior and hematuria was slight and transitory. A direct relation was seen between occurrence of severe hematuria and presence of transitional epithelium in the samples and the number of trials used for obtainment of fragments.

OBJETIVOS: Determinar a frequência de remissão total e parcial no tratamento da nefrite lúpica aos 12 e 24 meses de seguimento. Comparar esses subgrupos aos 12 meses, correlacionando as variáveis renais iniciais com a resposta ao tratamento. Analisar e comparar os resultados terapêuticos do subgrupo com glomerulonefrite proliferativa difusa por correlação clínico-patológica ("classe IV clínica") com aqueles de "classe IV histológica", isto é, com biópsia renal comprovada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 100 pacientes consecutivos com diagnóstico de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) e nefrite, atendidos no Serviço de Reumatologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo e acompanhados por dois anos. Os portadores de comorbidades que comprometem os rins foram excluídos. Foram analisadas as variáveis demográficas, clínicas, laboratoriais e o índice de atividade da doença (SLEDAI). Os pacientes com classe histológica III, IV ou V receberam corticosteroide e ciclofosfamida como tratamento de indução da nefrite lúpica e aqueles com classe II receberam apenas corticosteroide. RESULTADOS: A idade média ao diagnóstico de LES foi de 24,71 ± 10,14 anos, com predomínio do sexo feminino (88%). O SLEDAI calculado ao diagnóstico foi de 16,09 ± 6,48. Em relação às variáveis renais iniciais, a creatinina média foi de 1,02 ± 0,49 mg/dL, a proteinúria de 24 horas média foi de 2,57 ± 2,39 g e o anticorpo anti-dsDNA foi encontrado em 66% dos casos. Todos os pacientes receberam corticosteroide e 75% utilizaram a ciclofosfamida. Cinquenta e seis pacientes foram submetidos à biópsia renal. Os subtipos II e IV foram os mais prevalentes (33,9% e 32,2%, respectivamente). Após 12 meses de acompanhamento, todos os pacientes apresentaram redução significativa da proteinúria de 24 horas, melhora do sedimento urinário e dos valores das frações do complemento (C3, C4, CH50). A frequência de remissão total aos 12 meses foi 72,7% e, aos 24 meses, 85,7% (p = 0,013). A remissão parcial ocorreu em 27,3% dos doentes aos 12 meses e em 14,3% aos 24 meses. O sexo masculino apresentou menor frequência de remissão total comparado ao feminino aos 12 meses de acompanhamento (45,5% versus 81,6%, p = 0,007). Dentre as diferentes variáveis estudadas, nenhuma se correlacionou com remissão total ou parcial aos 12 meses. O subgrupo "classe IV clínica" apresentou maior frequência de remissão total que o subgrupo "classe IV histológica". CONCLUSÃO: Com o esquema terapêutico usado em nosso serviço, verificou-se um excelente desfecho em dois anos. Não foram observadas correlações entre variáveis clínico-laboratoriais e remissão total ou parcial. O sexo masculino apresentou menores taxas de remissão total comparado ao feminino. Apesar do pequeno número de pacientes estudados e das controvérsias quanto à biópsia renal, a taxa de remissão total foi maior nos pacientes com "classe IV clínica" em relação àqueles com "classe IV histológica".OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency of total and partial remission in the treatment of lupus nephritis at 12 months and 24 months. To compare these subgroups at 12 months and correlate the initial renal variables with the therapeutic response. To analyze and to compare the therapeutic results of the subgroup with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis by clinicopathological correlation ("clinical class IV") with those with biopsy-proven WHO class IV ("histological class IV"). PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred consecutive patients with diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and nephritis who attended to the department of rheumatology of a tertiary referral center were studied. The length of the follow up was 2 years. Patients with comorbidities that compromise the kidneys had been excluded. The demographic, clinical and laboratory variables and the disease activity index (SLEDAI) were analyzed. Patients with lupus nephritis WHO class III, IV or V received glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide for induction of remission and those with class II received only glucocorticoid. RESULTS: The average age at SLE diagnosis was of 24.71 + 10.14 years, with a predominance of female gender (88%). The initial SLEDAI was 16.09 ± 6.48. At the time of the diagnosis of nephritis, mean serum creatinine was 1.02 ± 0.49 mg/dL, mean 24-hour urinary protein level was of 2.57 ± 2.39g and the antibody anti-dsDNA was found in 66% of the cases. All the patients had received glucocorticoids and 75% had used cyclophosphamide. Fifty-six patients had been submitted to renal biopsy. The most prevalent subtypes were class II and IV (33.9% and 32.2%, respectively). After 12 months, all the patients had significant reduction in the 24-hour urinary protein level, improvement in the urinary sediment and increase in the fractional values of the complement (C3, C4, CH50). The frequency of total remission at 12 months was 72.7% and, at 24 months, 85.7% (p =0.013). Partial remission occurred in 27.3% at 12 months and, in 14.3%, at 24 months. Male gender presented a lower rate of total remission compared with women at 12 months (45.5% versus 81.6%, p = 0.007). Among several factors studied, none was correlated with total or partial remission at 12 months. The subgroup "clinical class IV" presented a higher frequency of total remission than the subgroup "histological class IV". CONCLUSION: Our therapeutic approach achieved an excellent outcome in two years. Correlations between clinical and laboratory variables and total or partial remission were not observed. Male gender presented a lower rate of total remission compared with women. Despite the small number of patients studied and the controversies of renal biopsy, the rate of total remission was higher in patients with "clinical class IV" than in those with "histological class IV".

Objetivos: determinar las glomerulopatías más frecuentes y su curso clínico en mujeres gestantes. Hacer una revisión de la literatura del tema. Materiales y métodos: serie de casos retrospectivos de pacientes gestantes con enfermedad glomerular activa diagnosticada por biopsia, entre enero de 2000 y septiembre de 2007, atendidas en el Hospital San Vicente de Paúl de Medellín, Colombia. No hubo exclusiones. Se determinaron sus características clínicas, la evolución de la enfermedad glomerular y el resultado materno perinatal. Resultados: se hizo el diagnóstico en 11 pacientes. Cuatro casos de nefritis lúpica, dos de glomerulonefritis rápidamente progresiva (GNRP) por GN extracapilar y granulomatosis de Wegener, respectivamente; tres con síndrome nefrótico por glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria (GEFyS), una con GN membrana proliferativa tipo I, y una con GN proliferativa mediada por complejos inmunes. En dos casos se presentó eclampsia. En tres casos hubo muerte materna: dos por eclampsia y una por granulomatosis de Wegener; y en tres casos muerte fetal: dos por eclampsia y una en materna con nefritis lúpica y síndrome antifosfolípido. Las glomerulopatías primarias no mostraron empeoramiento durante la gestación. Conclusiones: en casos de GN durante la gestación hay riesgo incrementado de complicaciones materno-fetales.

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Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Relatamos o caso de um jovem de 14 anos que procurou atendimento médico por edema e hipertensão, sendo insuficiência renal aguda secundária a linfoma de Burkitt renal diagnosticada após avaliação laboratorial, de imagem e biópsia de massa tumoral renal.This case report is from a 14-year-old boy who had edema and hypertension due to a primary renal Burkitt's lymphoma, diagnosed through laboratory and image evaluation and kidney tumor biopsy.

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OBJETIVOS: analisar características clínico-laboratoriais dos pacientes com nefrite lúpica que se submeteram à biópsia renal em um hospital universitário; correlacionar manifestações clínicolaboratoriais com os principais tipos de nefrite lúpica; determinar fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de insuficiência renal crônica (IRC). MÉTODOS: dados demográficos, clínicos, laboratoriais e histológicos de todos pacientes com diagnóstico de nefrite lúpica que realizaram biópsia renal no período de janeiro de 1997 a julho de 2002 foram avaliados retrospectivamente. RESULTADOS: Setenta e sete pacientes com nefrite lúpica realizaram 95 bióspias. Considerando apenas 76 amostras com resultados conclusivos, a glomerulonefrite (GMN) proliferativa difusa foi o tipo histológico mais prevalente (68,4%), seguido pela proliferativa focal (14,5%) e mesangial (7,9%). Hipertensão arterial, creatinina > 1,2g/dL, hipoalbuminemia (albumina < 2,6 g/dL) e síndrome nefrótica estiveram presentes por ocasião da primeira biópsia em, respectivamente, 43,8%, 48,7%, 55,2% e 15,6%. A GMN proliferativa difusa esteve mais associada com creatinina elevada (p = 0,002), hipoalbuminemia (p = 0,012), sedimento urinário ativo (p = 0,007), edema de membros inferiores (p = 0,01), hematúria (p = 0,003) e maior índice de atividade (0,0001). A forma mesangial foi a que mais evoluiu para remissão (66,7%), quando comparada com a forma proliferativa focal (12,5%) e difusa (12,8%) (p = 0,02). O tempo de seguimento médio dos pacientes foi de 29,3 ± 20,7 meses (mediana = 24,5 meses). Trinta por cento dos pacientes evoluíram para IRC. Creatinina elevada (OR = 11; IC 95%: 2,16-55,9), plaquetopenia (OR = 6,8; IC 95%: 1,43-32,19), hipoalbuminemia (OR = 6,42; IC 95%: 1,21-33,97) e índice de cronicidade = 2 (OR = 6,36; IC 95%: 1,02-39,57) foram associados com IRC. CONCLUSÕES: dados clínicos e histológicos são importantes para se avaliar o prognóstico dos pacientes com nefrite lúpica. Creatinina elevada, hipoalbuminemia, plaquetopenia e índice de cronicidade = 2 são fatores associados com evolução para IRC.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the laboratory and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with lupus nephritis and submitted to renal biopsy at a university hospital; to correlate laboratory and clinical manifestations with the main types of lupus nephritis; to determinate factors associated with the development of chronic renal failure (CRF). METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of the demographic, clinical, laboratory and histological data of patients diagnosed with lupus nephritis and submitted to renal biopsy from January/1997 to July/2002. RESULTS:Seventy-seven patients with lupus nephritis were submitted to 95 renal biopsies. Considering only the samples with conclusive results (n=76), diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) was the most prevalent histological type (68.4%), followed by the focal (14.5%) and mesangial (7.9%) types. Arterial hypertension, creatinine > 1.2 g/dL, hypoalbuminemia (albumin < 2.6 g/dL) and nephrotic syndrome were present on the first biopsy in 43.8%, 48.7%, 55.2% and 15.6% of the patients, respectively. DPGN was frequently associated with high creatinine levels (p = 0,002), hypoalbuminemia (p = 0,012), active urinary sediment (0,007), edema of the lower limbs (p = 0,01), hematuria (p = 0,003) and higher activity index (p = 0,0001). The mesangial form achieved remission more frequently (66.7%) when compared to focal (12.5%) and diffuse (12.8%) forms (p = 0,02). The average follow-up period was 29.3 ± 20.7 months (median = 24.5 months). 30% of the patients developed CRF. High creatinine levels (OR = 11; IC 95%: 2,16-55,9), thrombocytopenia (OR = 6,8; IC 95%: 1,43-32,19), hypoalbuminemia (OR= 6,42; IC 95%: 1,21-33,97) and a chronicity index = 2 (OR = 6,36; IC 95%: 1,02-39,57) were associated with CRF. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and histological data are important when evaluating the prognosis of patients with lupus nephritis. High creatinine levels, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia and a chronicity index = 2 were found to be associated with progression to CRF.

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