94 results on '"biopile"'
Search Results
2. The Use of Activated Biochar as Growth Support for Microorganisms Capable of Degrading PAHS
- Author
-
Ellafi, Kalthoum, Magdouli, Sara, Bouafif, Hassine, Koubaa, Ahmed, Ghosh, Arindam, Series Editor, Chua, Daniel, Series Editor, de Souza, Flavio Leandro, Series Editor, Aktas, Oral Cenk, Series Editor, Han, Yafang, Series Editor, Gong, Jianghong, Series Editor, Jawaid, Mohammad, Series Editor, Koubaa, Ahmed, editor, Leblanc, Nathalie, editor, and Ragoubi, Mohamed, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Main Factors Determining the Scale-Up Effectiveness of Mycoremediation for the Decontamination of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in Soil.
- Author
-
Antón-Herrero, Rafael, Chicca, Ilaria, García-Delgado, Carlos, Crognale, Silvia, Lelli, Davide, Gargarello, Romina Mariel, Herrero, Jofre, Fischer, Anko, Thannberger, Laurent, Eymar, Enrique, Petruccioli, Maurizio, and D'Annibale, Alessandro
- Subjects
- *
FUNGAL remediation , *ALIPHATIC hydrocarbons , *ENVIRONMENTAL remediation , *THERMAL desorption , *SOIL remediation - Abstract
Soil contamination constitutes a significant threat to the health of soil ecosystems in terms of complexity, toxicity, and recalcitrance. Among all contaminants, aliphatic petroleum hydrocarbons (APH) are of particular concern due to their abundance and persistence in the environment and the need of remediation technologies to ensure their removal in an environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable way. Soil remediation technologies presently available on the market to tackle soil contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) include landfilling, physical treatments (e.g., thermal desorption), chemical treatments (e.g., oxidation), and conventional bioremediation. The first two solutions are costly and energy-intensive approaches. Conversely, bioremediation of on-site excavated soil arranged in biopiles is a more sustainable procedure. Biopiles are engineered heaps able to stimulate microbial activity and enhance biodegradation, thus ensuring the removal of organic pollutants. This soil remediation technology is currently the most environmentally friendly solution available on the market, as it is less energy-intensive and has no detrimental impact on biological soil functions. However, its major limitation is its low removal efficiency, especially for long-chain hydrocarbons (LCH), compared to thermal desorption. Nevertheless, the use of fungi for remediation of environmental contaminants retains the benefits of bioremediation treatments, including low economic, social, and environmental costs, while attaining removal efficiencies similar to thermal desorption. Mycoremediation is a widely studied technology at lab scale, but there are few experiences at pilot scale. Several factors may reduce the overall efficiency of on-site mycoremediation biopiles (mycopiles), and the efficiency detected in the bench scale. These factors include the bioavailability of hydrocarbons, the selection of fungal species and bulking agents and their application rate, the interaction between the inoculated fungi and the indigenous microbiota, soil properties and nutrients, and other environmental factors (e.g., humidity, oxygen, and temperature). The identification of these factors at an early stage of biotreatability experiments would allow the application of this on-site technology to be refined and fine-tuned. This review brings together all mycoremediation work applied to aliphatic petroleum hydrocarbons (APH) and identifies the key factors in making mycoremediation effective. It also includes technological advances that reduce the effect of these factors, such as the structure of mycopiles, the application of surfactants, and the control of environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Bench-Scale Biopile Hydrocarbons Removal Optimization Using the Response Surface Methodology and Simultaneous Optimization.
- Author
-
Gutiérrez-Benítez, Omar, Castro Rodríguez, David J., Serrano-Suárez, Víctor M., Casals-Pérez, Enmanuel, Rabassa-Rabassa, Dayana, Núñez-Moreira, Roberto, Ortiz-Guilarte, Eudalys, and Iglesias-Rodríguez, María V.
- Subjects
APPLIED sciences ,LIFE sciences ,RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics) ,QUALITY function deployment ,SEWAGE disposal plants ,SOIL pollution - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Current Soil Bioremediation Technologies: An Assessment
- Author
-
Nayak, Arunima, Bhushan, Brij, Wilson, Ivan, and Malik, Junaid Ahmad, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Application of xylene-degrading bacteria in the treatment of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons - A comprehensive laboratory to pilot-scale analysis.
- Author
-
Krucon T, Uhrynowski W, Piatkowska K, Styczynski M, Stasiuk R, Dziewit L, and Drewniak L
- Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons, including both aliphatic (gasoline, mineral oil) and aromatic compounds (BTEX), are known for their harmful effects on ecosystems and human health. Despite many studies, large-scale treatment of contaminated soils continues to be challenging, especially at lower temperatures. The use of metabolically-versatile, psychrotolerant, cold-active microorganisms, seems a promising, cost-effective and eco-friendly solution to boost remediation rates. In this study, a suitable microbial consortium was prepared and tested both in lab- and pilot-scale. To achieve the best bioremediation results, bacterial strains were isolated from BTEX-contaminated soil and then tested for the desired traits over a wide range of conditions. Of 5 preselected strains, 3 Pseudomonas strains capable of denitrification and aerobic/anaerobic degradation of hydrocarbons (up to 41.53±7.39 %), further characterized by a broad temperature (4-37 °C), pH (3-4 to 11) and salinity (0-8 %) tolerance, as well as resistance to freezing, were selected. Physiological studies were supported by genetic analyses, which indicated the presence of both alkB and xylM genes, and excluded similarity of the strains to the known opportunistic pathogens. To further confirm the applicability of the consortium, lab-scale analyses were followed by comprehensive pilot-scale tests on ~5 m
3 biopile/biocell, at different conditions. The results revealed increased efficacy of the consortium in bioremediation, when compared to biostimulated indigenous strains, for volatile hydrocarbons (93 % vs 88 %) and mineral oil (23 % vs 15 %), as well as 175 % and 136 % acceleration of remediation for the respective compounds in terms of time needed to complete the process. Moreover, the high survivability and metabolic activity of the consortium at different temperatures indicate the possibility of its year-round use for bioremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. The study proves the potential of specialized bacteria in the removal of pollutants, and emphasizes the role of bio-based strategies in addressing complex environmental challenges and remediation of contaminated sites., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The improvement of pore characteristics, remediation efficiency, and biotoxicity of petroleum-contaminated soil with the addition of bulking agent on field-scale biopile treatment.
- Author
-
Jiang, Jiaojiao, Wang, Shijie, Wang, Li´ao, Lv, Quanwei, Yang, Yinghuan, Chen, Kejin, Liu, Lingyue, and Wang, Xiang
- Subjects
BIODEGRADATION of petroleum ,CLAY soils ,SOILS ,PETROLEUM ,POROSITY - Abstract
Purpose: The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of bulking agent and nutrients on the pore characteristics, remediation efficiency, and biotoxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Furthermore, the correlation among the three characteristic indices was studied. Methods: Three pilot-scale biopiles were constructed to treat aged petroleum-contaminated soil. Micro-CT was applied to obtain the pore characteristics of piles. Results: The results showed that the addition of bulking agent had a positive effect on the pore development of the biopile. The porosity of the pile was increased from 0.33 to 3.32% of the control pile to 4.41 to 26.93%, and the addition of bulking agent showed a significant positive effect on the Feret diameter. However, the addition of nutrients had no significant effect on the porosity and Feret diameter. Besides, the total petroleum hydrocarbon removal rate of bulking agent pile (36.82–49.18%) was significantly higher than that of nutrient piles (20.07–23.43%) and control piles (17.57–27.08%). The bulking agent pile had the lowest toxicity. The porosity of the pile, total petroleum hydrocarbons removal rate, and the characteristic values of biotoxicity (EC50) showed a positive correlation. Conclusion: Bulking agents might promote gas circulation by improving the pore structure of the biopile. And the metabolic activity of microorganisms increased as a result of the promotion of the microbial habitat. The higher biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons was achieved. However, the main finding of this research is that adding bulk agent to petroleum-contaminated soil significantly increases biodegradation of petroleum. This may be inapplicable to other soils with a different clay content or porosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Cinética de la degradación de hidrocarburos mediante biopilas a escala de banco.
- Author
-
Gutiérrez-Benítez, Omar, Javier Castro-Rodríguez, David, Manuel Viera-Ribot, Orlando, Casals-Pérez, Enmanuel, and Rabassa-Rabassa, Dayana
- Subjects
- *
PETROLEUM waste , *ECOLOGICAL engineering , *RATE coefficients (Chemistry) , *WOOD waste , *BAGASSE , *MANURES , *BIOREMEDIATION - Abstract
Hydrocarbon bioremediation is conditioned by physical, chemical, microbiological and environmental factors. The objective was to assess the performance of the kinetics of hydrocarbon degradation by biopile ecotechnology using different texturizers, at bench scale. An experimental protocol was implemented to evaluate six treatments, using sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane filter cake, sawdust, coffee pulp, cow dung and Thalassia testudinum residues, for 0, 60, 90, 150 and 240 days. The experimental data were fitted to mathematical models for zero-order, first-order and second-order reactions. The best-fit model and the order of the reaction were statistically determined. The reaction rate constant and half-life were obtained. A Microsoft Office Excel workbook was prepared for the corresponding calculations and graphs. High hydrocarbon removal efficiencies (G&A and TPH) were obtained for all texturizers. Cow dung was the treatment with the highest percentage, of the order of 66.08 % and 59.12 % respectively. The kinetics of hydrocarbon degradation had a better fit to the second order model, explained by the complex nature of the petroleum waste investigated, and by the occurrence of the complex biochemical mechanisms of hydrocarbon bioremediation in the biopile ecotechnology. The research provided technical criteria for the selection of the texturizer to be used in the optimization and scale-up of the ecotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
9. 强化生物堆法修复多环芳烃污染土壤的初步研究.
- Author
-
谢林培, 祝冲之, 张晓东, 余冉, 展漫军, and 孙丽伟
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment is the property of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Diseño ingeniero y montaje de unidades experimentales para la biorremediación de residuos petrolizados a escala de banco.
- Author
-
Gutiérrez Benítez, Omar, Castro Rodríguez, David Javier, Viera Ribot, Orlando Manuel, Casals Pérez, Enmanuel, and Rabassa Rabassa, Dayana
- Subjects
- *
PETROLEUM waste , *ENVIRONMENTAL sciences , *ECOLOGICAL engineering , *ENGINEERING design , *OIL spills , *PETROLEUM products - Abstract
Oil pollution is a national problem. Research and development of bioremediation technologies for petroleum waste is a priority. The Center for Environmental Studies of Cienfuegos, together with the Institute of Marine Sciences and the Institute of Soil Research, are executing the national project "Evaluation of biopile ecotechnology for bioremediation of petroleum waste using texturizers". The determination of the shape and size of the experimental units constituted a scientific demand for bench-scale research. The aim was to design and to assemble the experimental biopile units on a bench-scale to evaluate the effectiveness of bioremediation of petroleum waste. Was carried out the study of the state of the art. Were considered the design criteria of the ecotechnology, the requirements of the design of experiments, and the characteristics of the experimental site. Was adopted the shape of a truncated pyramid. Was programmed an Excel workbook to perform the mass balance at the experimental unit level and determine its dimensions. The assembly of the experimental units confirmed the validity of the engineering design. An ingenious solution was provided to a scientific demand for research, which was applied on a bench-scale and will become generalized in the scale-up of ecotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
11. Bench-Scale Biopile Hydrocarbons Removal Optimization Using the Response Surface Methodology and Simultaneous Optimization
- Author
-
Gutiérrez Benítez, Omar, Castro Rodríguez, David Javier, Serrano Suárez, Víctor Manuel, Casals Pérez, Enmanuel, Rabassa Rabassa, Dayana, Núñez Moreira, Roberto, Ortiz Guillarte, Eudalys, Iglesias Rodríguez, María Victoria, Gutiérrez Benítez, Omar, Castro Rodríguez, David Javier, Serrano Suárez, Víctor Manuel, Casals Pérez, Enmanuel, Rabassa Rabassa, Dayana, Núñez Moreira, Roberto, Ortiz Guillarte, Eudalys, and Iglesias Rodríguez, María Victoria
- Abstract
Nowadays, the generation of vast volumes of oily sludges is associated with industrial operations such as production, pretreatment, processing, water separation, and storage tank maintenance. Biopiles can be more efficient than other techniques for removing hydrocarbons in sludges, but their removal efficiency depends on operating variables. The goal of this study was to determine the best operating variable ranges at the bench scale to simultaneously optimize hydrocarbons removal in a biopile prototype. This research was conducted within the framework of a Cuban project and used an experimental protocol that integrates several standardized methods and engineering procedures into a series of steps. A Box-Behnken design was implemented for three factors and two response variables: the mass of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) removed and the final concentration of TPH. A simultaneous optimum was obtained for an initial TPH concentration of 39 278 mg·kg-1 and contents of texturizer and moisture of 6,45 and 25,95%, respectively. The obtained variable ranges ensure a compromise solution that maximizes the mass of TPH removed and keeps the contaminant concentration under the Cuban disposal regulations. The results have been used to set up the biopiles at a pilot scale as a subsequent stage of the project., La generación de volúmenes de lodos oleosos está asociada a operaciones industriales como producción, pretratamiento, procesamiento, tratamiento de aguas y mantenimiento de tanques de almacenamiento. Las biopilas pueden ser más eficientes que otras técnicas para degradar los hidrocarburos en lodos, pero su eficiencia en la remoción depende de variables operativas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los mejores rangos de variables operativas a escala de banco para optimizar simultáneamente la eliminación de hidrocarburos en un prototipo de biopila. Esta investigación se desarrolló en el marco de un proyecto cubano y utilizó un protocolo experimental que integra varios métodos estandarizados y procedimientos de ingeniería en una serie de pasos. Se implementó un diseño Box-Behnken para tres factores y dos variables de respuesta: la masa de Hidrocarburos Totales de Petróleo (HTP) removida y la concentración final de HTP. Se obtuvo un óptimo simultáneo para una concentración inicial de HTP de 39 278 mg·kg-1 y porcentajes de texturizante y humedad de 6,45 y 25,95 % respectivamente. Los valores obtenidos garantizan una solución de compromiso que maximiza la masa de HTP removida y mantiene los hidrocarburos bajo lo establecido en la normativa cubana de eliminación de residuos. Los resultados fueron utilizados para establecer biopilas a escala piloto en una siguiente etapa del proyecto.
- Published
- 2023
12. Modelling of vapour intrusion into a building impacted by a fuel spill in Antarctica.
- Author
-
McWatters, R.S., Rowe, R.K., Wilkins, D., Spedding, T., Hince, G., Richardson, J., and Snape, I.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Transformation of novel polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) as co-contaminants during biopile remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons.
- Author
-
Ghoshal, Subhasis, Liu, Jinxia, Li, Rui, Munoz, Gabriel, Liu, Yanan, and Sauvé, Sébastien
- Subjects
- *
BIOPILES , *PETROLEUM , *FLUOROALKYL group , *SOIL pollution , *THERMAL stability - Abstract
Graphical abstract Highlights • PFASs originated from AFFFs were studied in soil with hydrocarbon co-contamination. • Nutrient level showed different influences on kinetics of two chemical classes. • Zwitterionic betaines exhibited high environmental persistence in aerobic soil. • Decline of polyfluoroalkyl precursors resulted in very little increase in PFAAs. • Complex chemical dynamics poses challenges for predicting the fate of PFASs. Abstract Aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) containing perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are commonly deployed to extinguish hydrocarbon fuel fires, resulting in petroleum hydrocarbons coexisting with PFASs in contaminated soil. Nutrient-amended and aerated biopiles used for petroleum hydrocarbon bioremediation could cause unintended transformation of polyfluorinated substances into perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs). The study sought to examine environmental behaviors of PFASs in engineered treatment facilities by monitoring AFFF-derived PFASs under three nutrient conditions. The influence of nutrient levels on degradation kinetics and efficiency was found to vary between the two chemical classes and among individual PFASs. A high number of compounds including the zwitterionic polyfluoroalkyl betaines that have aged in the field for two years were continuously biotransforming in lab reactors, demonstrating their slow kinetics and environmental persistence. The low yield to PFCAs implies that the processes such as the formation of bound residues or irreversible sorption might play a major role in reducing detectable levels of zwitterionic PFASs. The high persistence of betaines was further confirmed by the behaviors of a freshly spiked sulfonamide betaine. The study demonstrated complex chemical dynamics in AFFF-impacted soils and the challenges for predicting the fate of PFASs in soil biopiling facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. ASSESSMENT OF GENOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON-BIOREMEDIATED SOIL
- Author
-
BRIGMON, ROBIN
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. State-of-the-art review on geoenvironmental benign applicability of biopiles
- Author
-
Gandhi, Mansi, Moghal, Arif Ali Baig, Rasheed, Romana Mariyam, and Almajed, Abdullah
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Microbial bioremediation of residual heavy oil waste from power plants (Serbia) and its reuse: example of circular economy
- Author
-
Miletić, Srđan, Stojić, Nataša, Teofilović, Vesna, Živković, Milica, Avdalović, Jelena, Pucarević, Mira, Vrvić, Miroslav, Miletić, Srđan, Stojić, Nataša, Teofilović, Vesna, Živković, Milica, Avdalović, Jelena, Pucarević, Mira, and Vrvić, Miroslav
- Abstract
Poster presented at: The 24th International Biohydrometallurgy Symposium (IBS) 20/11 2022
- Published
- 2022
17. Evaluation of Bioremediation Processes at the Oil Refinery in Czechowice-Dziedzice
- Author
-
Płaza, Grazyna, Ulfig, Krzysztof, Malina, Grzegorz, Krzemińska, Beata, Brigmon, Robin L., Worsztynowicz, Adam, Pawłowski, Lucjan, editor, Dudzińska, Marzenna R., editor, and Pawłowski, Artur, editor
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. PERENCANAAN PENGOLAHAN TANAH TERKONTAMINASI MINYAK BUMI DENGAN TEKNIK BIOPILE KAPASITAS 2,2 M 3
- Author
-
Arifudin Arifudin
- Subjects
biopile ,klei ,bahan pencamur ,tanah terkontaminasi minyak bumi - Abstract
Upaya penanggulangan tumpahan minyak bumi telah banyak dilakukan, namun hasilnya masih kurang memuaskan. Pengolahan tanah terkontaminasi dengan teknik biopile dipandang sebagai salah satu alternatif yang memiliki biaya pengolahan relatif rendahdan ramah lingkungan serta tidak memerlukan lahan yang luas, selain kondisi kelembaban dan ketersediaan udara yang dapat dikendalikan sehingga pertumbuhanbakteri dapat terjaga. Untuk meningkatkan aktivitas bakteri maka perlu dilakukanpenambahan nutrisi dan oksigen. Tanah terkontaminasi bertekstur klei pada kondisikelembaban tinggi memiliki sifat mudah mengembang dan lengket. Pada kondisi kelembaban rendah tanah menjadi lebih keras dan mudah pecah, sehingga perludilakukan penambahan bahan pencampur yaitu kompos 10% dan pasir 30%.Penambahan ini mampu meningkatkan porositas dan kegemburan tanah sehinggasebaran udara di dalam tanah lebih merata. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah merencanakanpengolahan tanah terkontaminasi minyak bumi melalui aplikasi teknologi biopilesehingga tanah olahan biopile dapat memenuhi Permen LH nomor 128 Tahun 2003.
- Published
- 2021
19. Evaluation of constraints in bioremediation of weathered hydrocarbon-contaminated arid soils through microcosm biopile study.
- Author
-
Ramadass, K., Smith, E., Palanisami, T, Mathieson, G., Srivastava, P., Megharaj, M., and Naidu, R.
- Subjects
BIOREMEDIATION ,HYDROCARBONS ,SOIL pollution ,ARID soils ,BIOPILES ,ELECTRIC conductivity of soils - Abstract
This research investigated the factors influencing bioremediation (biopile) of arid soils contaminated by weathered hydrocarbons. Five soils were thoroughly characterised to determine total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), their physicochemical properties and microbial diversity. Identified biopile-limiting factors are to be elevated petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations, high electrical conductivity and the magnitude of the recalcitrant hydrocarbon fraction. To optimise the biopile parameters, microcosm study was conducted which showed significant TPH reduction in three of five soils (BP-1, BP-2 and BP-4) but not in other two (BP-3 and BP-5), where BP-3 had a very high hydrocarbon concentration (123,757 mg kg) and BP-5 had a high proportion of recalcitrant hydrocarbons (>70 % of C). Highest TPH removal (68 %) occurred in soil BP-2 and the lowest (5 %) in soil BP-3 over 56 days. Surfactant (Triton) addition, nutrient amendment or the soil dilution did not improve TPH degradation in soils BP-3 and BP-5. Phylogenetic analysis conducted during the remediation process found that hydrocarbon concentration and hydrocarbon fraction exerted the main effect on bacterial abundance, diversity and assemblage composition. At lower concentrations (~1000-4000 mg kg), bacterial diversity and abundance increased significantly, whilst decreased in higher concentrations. Although high TPH content and detection of TPH degraders, TPH biodegradation is limited in soil (BP-5) due to the presence of less soluble hydrocarbon fraction which indicated low TPH bioavailability (~7 %). Biopile could be applied as a technology to remediate three soils (BP-1, BP-2 and BP-4) but further modification of the biopile treatments required for other two soils BP-3 and BP-5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Fate and transport of petroleum hydrocarbons in engineered biopiles in polar regions.
- Author
-
Whelan, M.J., Coulon, F., Hince, G., Rayner, J., McWatters, R., Spedding, T., and Snape, I.
- Subjects
- *
HYDROCARBONS , *SOIL pollution , *PETROLEUM ,CASEY Station (Antarctica) - Abstract
A dynamic multi-media model that includes temperature-dependency for partitioning and degradation was developed to predict the behaviour of petroleum hydrocarbons during biopiling at low temperature. The activation energy ( Ea ) for degradation was derived by fitting the Arrhenius equation to hydrocarbon concentrations from temperature-controlled soil mesocosms contaminated with crude oil and diesel. The model was then applied to field-scale biopiles containing soil contaminated with diesel and kerosene at Casey Station, Antarctica. Temporal changes of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) concentrations were very well described and predictions for individual hydrocarbon fractions were generally acceptable (disparity between measured and predicted concentrations was less than a factor two for most fractions). Biodegradation was predicted to be the dominant loss mechanism for all but the lightest aliphatic fractions, for which volatilisation was most important. Summertime losses were significant, resulting in TPH concentrations which were about 25% of initial concentrations just 1 year after the start of treatment. This contrasts with the slow rates often reported for hydrocarbons in situ and suggests that relatively simple remediation techniques can be effective even in Antarctica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Remediation trials for hydrocarbon-contaminated soils in arid environments: Evaluation of bioslurry and biopiling techniques.
- Author
-
Smith, Euan, Thavamani, Palanisami, Ramadass, Kavitha, Naidu, Ravi, Srivastava, Prashant, and Megharaj, Mallavarapu
- Subjects
- *
SOIL remediation , *HYDROCARBONS , *BIOPILES , *MICROBIAL diversity , *ARID regions ecology , *PARAMETERS (Statistics) - Abstract
Effective bioremediation requires an extensive understanding of the soil parameters and microbial community diversity. Long term contamination of petroleum hydrocarbon soils in arid areas present unique opportunities to study the response of the impacted microbial community to bioremediation efforts. Two bioremediation treatments viz., biopile and bioslurry, were applied to assess the efficacy of different bioremediation methods in long term petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils. The bioslurry treatment was markedly more effective at treating the long term petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils in a short period of time. First order rates of hydrocarbon degradation in the bioslurry treatment were between 0.066 and 0.073 d −1 compared with the biopile treatment where the rates ranged from 0.011 to 0.03 d −1 , depending on the level and nature of the hydrocarbon fractions present in the soils. Bioslurry treatment of the long term contaminated soils exhibited a shift in the microbial community composition. Alpha-proteobacteria dominated the microbial community present in the hydrocarbon contaminated soils but bioslurry treatment of the contaminated soils led to a clear shift in the microbial community present in the soils, with Gamma-proteobacteria dominating the remediation environment along with microbial sequences associated with the TM7 phylum and a subsequent reduction in hydrocarbon concentration in the soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Development, assessment and evaluation of a biopile for hydrocarbons soil remediation.
- Author
-
Baldan, Enrico, Basaglia, Marina, Fontana, Federico, Shapleigh, James P., and Casella, Sergio
- Subjects
- *
HYDROCARBONS & the environment , *DIESEL fuels , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *SOIL remediation , *SOIL pollution , *BIODEGRADATION , *BIOPILES - Abstract
Soil at a site located in North-Eastern Italy has been impacted by a persistent, long term exposure to diesel fuel. The concentration of organic contaminants in soil exceeded the acceptable limits indicated by the present regulations concerning the specific use-destination of the sites and its reclamation. The contamination involved several thousands square meters of soil surface resulting in some thousand cubic meters of soil. Approximately 650 cubic meter of the most contaminated soil was moved to a nearby site where a biopile was assessed with the aim to enhance the activities of the soil community to reduce the oil concentration. In order to verify the correct operation of the system it was continuously monitored in terms of chemical concentration, biological activity and community structure. The main remediation occurred within the first 300 days of treatment allowing the soil to be back within the threshold defined by current laws for industrial and commercial activities. An additional 200 days treatment was needed to further reduce the oil content to the limits required for public parks and residential areas. Lab scale biopiles were also assessed to evaluate the role of commercial inoculants in the remediation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Temporal Changes in Microbial Metabolic Characteristics in Field-Scale Biopiles Composed of Aged Oil Sludge.
- Author
-
Wang, Xiang, Li, Fasheng, Guo, Guanlin, Wang, Shijie, Boronin, Alexander, and Wang, Qunhui
- Subjects
- *
HAZARDOUS waste management , *PETROLEUM waste , *SLUDGE management , *BIOPILES , *SOIL remediation - Abstract
Disposal of oil sludge, a hazardous waste, is currently a prevalent environmental issue. In this study, two field-scale biopiles were constructed to explore the temporal changes of microbial metabolic characteristics during the biotreatment of aged oil sludge. Bulking agent was mixed thoroughly with oily sludge to form a treated pile. The BIOLOG™ system was used to analyze the community level physiological parameters, including microbial metabolic activity, diversity, and variance. In comparison with the control, the community level physiological parameters of the treated pile were dramatically improved. Microbial metabolic activity of the treated pile was improved by 25.06% calculated from the maximums during the treatment. Microbial diversity index (Shannon index) ranges were improved from 1.64-3.02 (control pile) to 2.34-3.14 (treated pile). The numbers of petroleum-degrading bacteria and the total heterotrophic bacteria were correlated with the environmental temperature, and microbial metabolic characteristics in the treated pile revealed the distinctive carbon resources selection with the addition of cotton stalk. Temporal microbial metabolic characteristics, which have important effect on bioremediation, were revealed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Synthesis of an abiotic biocathode for an glucose implantable biofuel cell
- Author
-
Menassol, Gauthier, Conception d’Architectures Moléculaires et Processus Electroniques (CAMPE ), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Département Interfaces pour l'énergie, la Santé et l'Environnement (DIESE), Systèmes Nanobiotechnologiques et Biomimétiques (TIMC-IMAG-SyNaBi), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....], Donald Martin, Lionel Dubois, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
- Subjects
[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology ,Abiotic ,[INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing ,Biofuel cell ,Optimisation ,Implantable ,Biopile ,Biocathode ,Abiotique - Abstract
Within the framework of the ANR biopile abiotic implantable (Imabic) project coordinated by INAC, this thesis work aimed to optimize the performance and stability of a biocathode based on iron and nitrogen-doped graphene (Fe/N-rGO). We have therefore manufactured and characterized different types of biocathods involving different binders in order to provide electrode architectures that are best suited to allowing the species consumed and produced during the reaction to be distributed within them. In these studies, one binder is distinguished from the others, the chitosan binder. In addition, once this binder was cross-linked using Genepine, we observed a stability of electrochemical performance over time, limiting the loss of current density to 5% of a biocathode that had been stored in physiological condition for 27 months. During this project, we also developed a new electrode manufacturing process involving freeze-drying, this process allows an increase in the porosity of the electrodes and improves the mass current densities by a factor of 4 compared to those provided by the compressed electrodes. However, this improvement is made at the expense of mechanical resistance and the resulting electrodes become more sensitive to shocks, in order to provide a solution to this new problem we have optimized our process by adding a carbon support to our freeze-dried biocathodes, allowing to improve the mechanical hold while maintaining the electrochemical properties. In the second part of this manuscript, we looked at the biocompatibility of our biocathode system. We carried out preliminary cell culture tests of the different materials likely to make our biocathode in the presence of mouse fibroblast cells: 3T3-L1 cells. These tests demonstrate a normal proliferation for the different binders used, but demonstrate a disrupted viability of the cells with respect to the presence of the catalyst at 10%. On the basis of these results, the Grenoble Ethics Committee approved the use of rat implants. Two biocathods from the compression process and two biocathods from the freeze-drying process were implanted in two rats that showed no signs of suffering and natural behaviour during the 1-month implantation period. After autopsy, no organ was affected by the presence of electrodes, on the other hand, on the four implants, three were coated with biological tissue resulting from implantation. Histological analysis of these tissues showed a fat composition for two of them and an inflammatory zone between 20 and 50 µm, consisting of fibroblastic cells, macrophages and polynuclear. We also observed that the tissues were highly vascularized.; Dans le cadre du projet ANR biopile abiotique implantable (ImAbic) coordonné par l’INAC, ce travail de thèse avait pour objectif d’optimiser les performances et la stabilité d’une biocathode à base de graphène dopé au fer et à l’azote (Fe/N-rGO). Nous avons donc fabriqué et caractérisé différents types de biocathodes mettant en jeu différents liants afin de fournir des architectures d’électrodes les plus aptes à laisser diffuser en leur sein les espèces consommées et produites lors de la réaction. Lors de ces études, un liant c’est distingué des autres, le liant chitosan. De plus, une fois ce liant réticulé à l’aide de Génépine, nous avons observé une stabilité des performances électrochimique dans le temps, limitant la perte de densité de courant à 5% d’une biocathode ayant été stockée en condition physiologique pendant 27 mois. Durant ce projet, nous avons également développé un nouveau processus de fabrication des électrodes impliquant la lyophilisation, ce processus permet une augmentation de la porosité des électrodes et améliore les densités de courant massique d’un facteur 4 en comparaison à celles fournies par les électrodes compressées. Toutefois, cette amélioration se fait au détriment de la tenue mécanique et les électrodes obtenues deviennent alors plus sensibles aux chocs, afin d’apporter une solution à cette nouvelle problématique nous avons optimisé notre processus en ajoutant un support carboné à nos biocathodes lyophilisées, permettant d’améliorer la tenue mécanique tout en maintenant les propriétés électrochimiques.Dans la deuxième partie de ce manuscrit, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’étude de la biocompatibilité de notre système de biocathode. Nous avons effectué des tests préliminaires de culture cellulaire des différents matériaux susceptibles de composés notre biocathode en présence de cellules fibroblaste issues de souris : les cellules 3T3-L1. Ces tests démontrent une prolifération normale pour les différents liants utilisés, mais démontrent une viabilité perturbée des cellules face à la présence du catalyseur à hauteur de 10%. Fort de ces résultats, nous avons eu l’autorisation du comité d’éthique de Grenoble afin d’effectuer des implantations chez le rat. Deux biocathodes issues du procédé de compression et deux biocathodes issues du procédé de lyophilisation ont été implantées dans deux rats qui n’ont démontré aucun signe de souffrance et un comportement naturel durant la période d’implantation soit 1 mois. Après autopsie, aucun organe ne fut affecté par la présence des électrodes, d’autre part, sur les quatre implants, trois étaient enrobés d’un tissu biologique résultant de l’implantation. L’analyse histologique de ces tissus a montré une composition de tissu adipeux pour deux d’entre eux et une zone inflammatoire comprise entre 20 et 50µm, composée de cellules fibroblaste, de macrophages et de polynucléaire. Nous avons également pu observer que les tissus étaient fortement vascularisés.
- Published
- 2020
25. Modeling and qualitative study of diesel biodegradation using biopile process in sandy soil
- Author
-
Chemlal, R., Abdi, N., Lounici, H., Drouiche, N., Pauss, A., and Mameri, N.
- Subjects
- *
BIODEGRADATION , *BIOPILES , *SANDY soils , *SOIL pollution , *MICROBIAL metabolism , *HYDROCARBONS , *ALKANES - Abstract
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to restore diesel-contaminated soil using biological process and then to study microbial metabolism followed by biodegradation of hydrocarbons. To reduce the processing time of soils biopile process, initially a part of the contaminated soil was enriched with nutrients. The determination of the optimal conditions for biodegradation of contaminants in soil after excavation (ex situ) was performed. Biopile technique was able to restore the diesel-contaminated soil. Indeed, after 76 days, the soil was decontaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal rate of about 85%. This performance was achieved during the first twenty days of treatment. The simple fractions (alkanes and aromatics) were firstly degraded followed by the complex fractions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Rehabilitation of Oued Smar landfill into a recreation park: Treatment of the contaminated waters
- Author
-
Chemlal, R., Abdi, N., Drouiche, N., Lounici, H., Pauss, A., and Mameri, N.
- Subjects
- *
LANDFILLS , *WATER pollution , *SOIL acidity , *PHOTODEGRADATION kinetics , *PHOTOCATALYSIS , *CHEMICAL oxygen demand , *GROUNDWATER , *WATER quality - Abstract
Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to contribute to transform Oued Smar landfill (located in Algiers) into a recreation park with green spaces. To achieve this goal, the surface water and groundwater decontamination turns out to be vital to the success of this project. In order to achieve this objective, the effectiveness of the advanced oxidation process (AOP) by heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO2/UV) regarding the landfill heavily-loaded water was tested. The analyses carried out on this water showed a recalcitrant organic matter to biodegradation. The results obtained after heterogeneous photocatalysis are relevant, an abatement of chemical oxygen demand COD of about 92% was recorded at a pH maintained at 5. However, the NH4 + concentration remained stable at this particular pH. The results of the photodegradation kinetics modeling indicate that the reaction is therefore zero order independently of the pollutant load. However, this treated water remains non-compliant to be reused or directly rejected into the nature. The new ratios BOD5/COD after photo catalysis treatments are favorable to a biological treatment. For the groundwater case, the AOP has proven to be able to make it conform to the standards and can thus be used as a spray water for the recreation park. The latter will assure the natural biopile effective performance that is the landfill, by, over time, reducing the pollutant contents and increasing the water quality of the new recreation park. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Microbiological aspects study of bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soils by biopile technique
- Author
-
Chemlal, R., Tassist, A., Drouiche, M., Lounici, H., Drouiche, N., and Mameri, N.
- Subjects
- *
MICROBIOLOGY , *BIOREMEDIATION , *DIESEL fuels , *SOIL pollution , *BIOPILES , *MICROBIAL metabolism , *HYDROCARBONS , *BIODEGRADATION - Abstract
Abstract: The aim of this study was to restore diesel-contaminated soils by means of a biological process and to determine microbial metabolism which accompanies biodegradation of hydrocarbons. Restoration of diesel-contaminated soil was achieved using the biopile technique. The principle was to optimize conditions for biodegradation of contaminants in the soil after excavation (ex situ). Indeed, after 40 days. The predominant microbes recovered from the microcosms were bacteria and the achieved rate of soil decontamination was 70%. Synergy was recorded between yeasts and bacteria for diesel biodegradation. This is called cometabolism. This analytical method is a new approach in microbiological analysis of the microorganisms responsible for the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. Original results were obtained consisting of two different bacteria growth phases during the biodegration of diesel in the biopile. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Effect of biostimulation on community level physiological profiles of microorganisms in field-scale biopiles composed of aged oil sludge
- Author
-
Wang, Xiang, Wang, Qunhui, Wang, Shijie, Li, Fasheng, and Guo, Guanlin
- Subjects
- *
MICROBIAL physiology , *BIOPILES , *HYDROCARBONS , *MICROBIAL diversity , *MICROBIAL metabolism , *HETEROTROPHIC bacteria , *ENVIRONMENTAL remediation - Abstract
Abstract: Four biopiles were constructed for the bioremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in aged oily sludge by indigenous microorganisms. Three biopiles were treated with bulking agent, nutrients or their combination with the fourth pile serving as the control. Responses of microbial community level physiological profiles (CLPPs) to these biostimulation strategies were estimated, and variances among three layers within each biopile were evaluated. Microbial metabolic activity and diversity and the numbers of two species of bacteria were significantly enhanced by the addition of bulking agent, which also made the layers more homogeneous. In contrast, the application of large amounts of nutrients had a suppressing effect on the microbes. After 220days, 49.62% of TPHs were removed from the middle layer of the bulking agent pile, whereas only 20.44% were removed from the inner layer of the control. This study aims to provide experience to improve the remediation efficiency of future investigations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The Effect of Temperature and Aeration Rate on Bioremediation of Diesel-contaminated Soil in Solid-phase Bench-scale Bioreactors.
- Author
-
Sanscartier, David, Reimer, Ken, Zeeb, Barbara, and Koch, Iris
- Subjects
- *
BIOREMEDIATION , *OIL pollution of soils , *TEMPERATURE effect , *SOIL aeration , *BIOREACTORS , *HYDROCARBONS , *MASS transfer , *BIODEGRADATION , *DIESEL fuels , *BIOPILES , *COLD weather conditions - Abstract
Bioremediation of hydrocarbon (HC) contaminated soils is most effective in aerobic conditions. Despite the fact that mass transfer of oxygen is an important process parameter, the effect of this parameter on solid-phase bioremediation has received limited attention. In this study, the combined effect of temperature and aeration on the bioremediation of low organic content coarse-grained soils, freshly contaminated with diesel, was investigated in solid-phase bench-scale bioreactors. Total HC and carbon range soil concentrations, volatilization, and microbial activity were monitored throughout the six-month experiments at two temperatures (7 and 22°C) and at two aeration rates (13 and 45 mL·s-1). Total HC removal reached between 48 and 83%. Generally, removal increased proportionally with temperature and aeration rates, and decreased proportionally with HC compounds molecular weight. Both biodegradation and volatilization played important roles in removal in all treatments. The high aeration rate enhanced microbial activity in soil. Enhancement was believed to be due to increased mass transfer of oxygen from the soil gas to the soil solution, where microbial activity occurs. However, high aeration also enhanced volatilization, especially at 22°C where 51% of HCs were lost to volatilization. High aeration rate enhanced biodegradation of compounds > nC15 without promoting their excessive volatilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Biorremediación de lodos contaminados con aceites lubricantes usados.
- Author
-
Vásquez, María Cristina, Figueroa, Jennifer Thibisay Guerrero, and Quintero, Andrea del Pilar
- Subjects
DECONTAMINATION (From gases, chemicals, etc.) ,MICROBIAL contamination ,WASTE products & the environment ,LUBRICATION & lubricants -- Environmental aspects ,SEWAGE sludge & the environment ,CAR wash industry ,BIOREMEDIATION ,BIOPILES ,INDUSTRY & the environment - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
31. Management of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil through bioremediation and landfill disposal at a remote location in Northern Canada.
- Author
-
Sanscartier, David, Reimer, Kenneth, Zeeb, Barbara, and George, Karen
- Subjects
- *
BIOREMEDIATION , *SOIL remediation , *BIODEGRADATION of hydrocarbons , *SOIL vapor extraction , *TECHNICAL specifications - Abstract
Northern communities often have limited resources to resolve petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contamination. This project investigated an innovative approach for the management of diesel-contaminated soil in a remote community in Labrador. The soil was first treated in a passively aerated biopile to reduce the concentrations of mobile PHCs. The treated soil was then disposed of in the local landfill. Maximum total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations in soil, concentrations of PHCs with less than 16 carbons in soil, and TPH in leachate decreased during the 1 year field treatment. Microcosms incubated at 7 and 22 °C in the laboratory showed the potential for biodegradation of the PHCs. However, volatilization was likely the predominant PHC removal mechanism in the field. Disposal of treated soil to landfills has the advantage of transforming waste (i.e., soil) into a valued product (i.e., cover for the refuse). The development of risk-based guidelines for the disposal of PHC-contaminated soil into landfills in Canada appears to be needed and is discussed in this paper. Guidelines should be protective of the environment while prevent over-treatment of the soil, which may result in unnecessary spending and environmental impacts. The cost of the system tested was compared to that of treating soil in an off-site facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. A computational fluid dynamics based model of the ex-situ remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils
- Author
-
Wu, T. and Crapper, M.
- Subjects
- *
SOIL pollution prevention , *BIOPILES , *COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics , *SOIL remediation , *SOIL aeration , *WATER aeration , *SOLUTION (Chemistry) - Abstract
Abstract: Biopiles are a common treatment worldwide for the ex-situ remediation of contaminated soil. Much research has been carried out on understanding and modelling microbial degradation, but hitherto no study has attempted to model the effect on a biopile of its ambient surroundings. This paper presents a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach to modelling a biopile under the influence of wind pressure, with and without forced aeration. In addition to the flow, temperature and bioreactions are simulated. Preliminary results indicate that the modelled flow within the pile is in qualitative accordance with a previous analytic solution, and that wind pressure and aeration have a significant effect on the evolution of temperature within the pile. Results also indicate that a very high proportion of contaminant loss from the pile is due to venting to the atmosphere, rather than to microbial degradation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Bioremediation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes-contaminated soil: a biopile pilot experiment.
- Author
-
Genovese, M., Denaro, R., Cappello, S., Di Marco, G., La Spada, G., Giuliano, L., Genovese, L., and Yakimov, M.M.
- Subjects
- *
HYDROCARBONS , *BIOREMEDIATION , *BENZENE , *ETHYLBENZENE , *XYLENE , *SOIL pollution , *MICROBIOLOGY - Abstract
Aims: In this study, we evaluated the removal efficiency of fuel hydrocarbons from a jet fuel contaminated area using bioaugmentation treatment in biopile. Methods and Results: The hydrocarbon analysis of the sample revealed total hydrocarbons mainly constituted by benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX) and heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons. Enrichments of soil sample were performed with BTEX, pristane and fuel JP-5, respectively, selected hydrocarbon-degrading strains, namely Acinetobacter sp ., Pseudomonas sp . and Rhodococcus sp. Three hundred litres of culture containing 108 cell ml−1 of each strain and nutrients sprayed on the biopile allowed a removal of 90% of total hydrocarbons in 15 days. Bioremediation process was monitored by observation of the respiration rate and the bacterial abundance and GC-MS analysis. Conclusions: The efficiency of the treatment in the biopile was considerable. The assessment of microbial activity during the experiment is necessary for interventions targeted to improve environmental parameters such as humidity, temperature, pH and nutrients for optimization of the bioremediation process. Significance and Impact of the Study: A better knowledge of microbial successions at oil-polluted sites is essential for environmental bioremediation. Data obtained in biopile study improve our understanding of processes occurring during oil pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Bio-treatment of oily sludge: The contribution of amendment material to the content of target contaminants, and the biodegradation dynamics
- Author
-
Kriipsalu, Mait, Marques, Marcia, Nammari, Diauddin R., and Hogland, William
- Subjects
- *
COMPOSTING , *SOIL amendments , *INDUSTRIAL wastes , *SEWAGE purification , *WATER quality management , *SEDIMENTATION & deposition - Abstract
Abstract: The objective was to investigate the aerobic biodegradation of oily sludge generated by a flotation–flocculation unit (FFU) of an oil refinery wastewater treatment plant. Four 1m3 pilot bioreactors with controlled air-flow were filled with FFU sludge mixed with one of the following amendments: sand (M1); matured oil compost (M2); kitchen waste compost (M3) and shredded waste wood (M4). The variables monitored were: pH, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total carbon (Ctot), total nitrogen (Ntot) and total phosphorus (Ptot). The reduction of TPH based on mass balance in M1, M2, M3 and M4 after 373 days of treatment was 62, 51, 74 and 49%; the reduction of PAHs was 97%, +13% (increase), 92 and 88%, respectively. The following mechanisms alone or in combination might explain the results: (i) most organics added with amendments biodegrade faster than most petroleum hydrocarbons, resulting in a relative increase in concentration of these recalcitrant contaminants; (ii) some amendments result in increased amounts of TPH and PAHs to be degraded in the mixture; (iii) sorption–desorption mechanisms involving hydrophobic compounds in the organic matrix reduce bioavailability, biodegradability and eventually extractability; (iv) mixture heterogeneity affecting sampling. Total contaminant mass reduction seems to be a better parameter than concentration to assess degradation efficiency in mixtures with high content of biodegradable amendments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. BIOREMEDIATION OF CRUDE OIL-CONTAMINATED TROPICAL SOIL IN BENCH-SCALE PILES.
- Author
-
Seabra, Paulo, Sant'Anna Jr, Geraldo, Carvalho, Denize, and Rizzo, Andréa
- Abstract
This work presents the results of a bench-scale study to evaluate the applicability of biopile to treat crude oil-contaminated Brazilian soils. Tests were carried out in 20-liter piles, using two different batches of soils artificially contaminated. First set of essays was performed with piles contaminated with paraffin crude oil with average TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons) of 39,442 mg/kg. Rice hull, sawdust and coconut hard core were used as bulking additive at 10% by volume. After 16 weeks of treatment, the best TPH degradation percentages achieved was achieved using no bulking agent (69.13%). The addition of bulking material did not improve the TPH degradation. Pile turn frequency had no influence at the efficiency of TPH degradation due to the small scale used in the essays. Another test was carried out with a clayey soil (soil B). In this case, the rice hull amendment improved soil permeability and retained more easily the water. These results could be explained by the less equilibrated texture and poor fertility (micro and macro nutrients) of soil B. Higher frequency of pile mixing (each 7 days) had not shown any advantage to the contamination disappearing due to the small scale used in the essays. The results obtained demonstrate that clayey soils can be remediated to acceptable levels within a reasonable time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Assessment of genotoxic activity of petroleum hydrocarbon-bioremediated soil.
- Author
-
Płaza, Grażyna, Nałęcz-Jawecki, Grzegorz, Ulfig, Krzysztof, and Brigmon, Robin L.
- Subjects
BIODEGRADATION ,ENVIRONMENTAL remediation ,NATURAL gas ,FOSSIL fuels - Abstract
Abstract: The relationship between toxicity and soil contamination must be understood to develop reliable indicators of environmental restoration for bioremediation. Two bacterial rapid bioassays, SOS chromotest and the umu test with and without metabolic activation (S-9 mixture), were used to evaluate the genotoxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil following bioremediation treatment. The soil was taken from an engineered biopile at the Czechowice-Dziedzice Polish oil refinery (CZOR). The bioremediation process in the biopile lasted 4 years, and the toxicity measurements were done after this treatment. Carcinogens detected in the soil, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were reduced to low concentrations (2mg/kg dry wt) by the bioremediation process. Genotoxicity was not observed for soils tested with and without metabolic activation by a liver homogenate (S-9 mixture). However, the umu test was more sensitive than the SOS chromotest in the analysis of petroleum hydrocarbon-bioremediated soil. Analytical results of soil used in the bioassays confirmed that the bioremediation process reduced 81% of the petroleum hydrocarbons including PAHs. We conclude that the combined test systems employed in this study are useful tools for the genotoxic examination of remediated petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Respirometry for Assessing the Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons.
- Author
-
PLAZA, G., ULFIG, K., WORSZTYNOWICZ, A., MALINA, G., KRZEMINSKA, B., and BRIGMON, R. L.
- Subjects
BIODEGRADATION of organic compounds ,BIODEGRADATION ,BIODEGRADATION of hydrocarbons ,PETROLEUM ,BIOREMEDIATION ,BIOPILES ,SOIL remediation - Abstract
The respiration method using the Micro-Oxymax ® respirometer was applied to evaluate the bioremediation potential of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils in two biopiles at the oil refinery in Czechowice-Dziedzice, Poland. In biopiles 1 and 2, two different technologies, i.e., enhanced (engineered) bioremediation and monitored natural attenuation (MNA) were used, respectively. In biopiles 1 and 2, the bioremediation process lasted 6 years and 8 months, respectively. The biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons was evaluated on the basis of CO2 production and O2 uptake. The CO2 production and O2 consumption rates during hydrocarbon biodegradation were calculated from the slopes of cumulative curve linear regressions. The results confirmed the hydrocarbon biodegradation process in both biopiles. However, in biopile 2 the process was more effective compared to biopile 1. In biopile 2, the O2 consumption and CO2 production means were 3.37 and 2.4 milliliters per kilogram of soil (dry weight) per minute, respectively. Whereas, in biopile 1, the O2 consumption and CO2 production means were 1.52 and 1.07 milliliters per kilogram of soil (dry weight) per minute, respectively. The mean biodegradation rate for biopile 2 was two times higher -67 mg hydrocarbons kg d.w.-1 day- compared with biopile 1, where the mean was 30 mg hydrocarbons kg d.w.-1 day-. The results were correlated with petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations and microbial activity measured by dehydrogenase assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Effects of Nutrient Amendments and Temperature on the Biodegradation of Pentachlorophenol Contaminated Soil.
- Author
-
Miller, M. N., Stratton, G. W., and Murray, G.
- Subjects
SOIL amendments ,PLANT growing media ,SOILS ,BIODEGRADATION ,BIOCHEMISTRY ,CHEMICAL decomposition ,MICROBIOLOGY ,PENTACHLOROPHENOL ,CHLOROPHENOLS ,HERBICIDES - Abstract
The effect of selected nutrient amendments and temperature on the biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) within a soil biopile was studied on a laboratory scale. This was accomplished by monitoring microbial populations, the concentration of PCP and the release of inorganic chloride ions in the contaminated soil. It was found that temperatures of 10, 15 and 20 °C had no significant effect on microbial populations and the percentage of PCP remaining in the soil. However, the nutrient amendments did have a significant effect on the parameters measured. The dairy manure, ammonium nitrate fertilizer and control treatments all experienced some fluctuations in the amount of PCP remaining in the soil over the incubation period and may have been due to the release of initially unextractable bound residues. PCP decreased by 76% in the municipal solid waste compost amended soil, while the concentration of inorganic chloride ions increased. The municipal solid waste compost treatment had significantly higher bacterial and fungal populations. Based on the results of this study municipal solid waste compost may be used as an effective supplemental nutrient amendment for the degradation of PCP in soil biopiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Design, synthesis and characterization of a bioanode for microbial fuel cell
- Author
-
Jérémie-Luc Sanchez, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Paris, and Christel Laberty-Robert
- Subjects
Electrospinning ,Biofuel cell ,Clean energy ,Biopile ,Électrofilage ,[CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other ,Énergies propres - Abstract
Amidst anthropogenic climate change, alternatives to fossil fuel power sources must be developed. Originating in an observation by M. C. Potter dating back from 1911, increasing research has shown that the idea of harvesting the metabolic activity of microorganisms to generate electricity is realistically achievable. These devices, microbial fuel cells (MFC), focus on converting chemical energy from organic matter into electricity by gathering electrons produced by bacteria degrading these molecules. Such fuel cells may be used as renewable energy sources but a lot of challenges need to be addressed before they become an efficient, stable and profitable technology. Various approaches to tackle these problems exist. For instance, the electronic transfer between the bacterium and the electrode can be improved by working on the organism or the consortium used to degrade the organic matter. Here we seek to improve the material and the architecture of the electrochemical system and especially those of the bacteria-colonized anode. We start from the observations of the limitations of the current electrodes for MFCs to design a better system.This work focuses on the conception of the bioanode of a microbial fuel cell by electrospinning. This process allows the shaping of nano to micro-scaled polymer fibers through electrically-assisted extrusion. We obtain nonwoven mats of polymer fibers which are made conductive by subsequent heat treatments or by the addition of carbon-based materials. The colonization of these electrospun membranes by the model electroactive bacteria Shewanella oneidensis is conducted through diverse approaches: natural biofilm development – either in situ or ex situ – or core-shell encapsulation. Once prepared, the anodes are then integrated into a functional lab-scale fuel cell in order to evaluate their electrochemical characteristics. The impact of the colonization of these conductive electrodes on the electrochemical performances of a full MFC is then discussed. The performances of the novel architectures are assessed and compared with the literature and exhibit remarkable volume-normalized current and power outputs – up to 3.26•103 A•m 3 and 296 W•m 3 vs. 2.08•103 A•m 3 and 500 W•m 3 for optimized reactors with the same electrolytes and bacteria (Ringeisen et al., 2006). A long-term storage method of the bioanodes based on cryodesiccation is henceforth presented. Eventually, the electrodes developed in this work are integrated into an MFC setup including real effluents from wastewaters. Their performances in current generation from an actual power source are investigated and are shown to be encouraging – 4.4•10(3) A•m(-3) and 438 W•m (-3.); L’urgence climatique rend plus que jamais incontournable le développement de sources d’énergie propres. Fondés sur les travaux que M. C. Potter mena en 1911, un nombre croissant de chercheurs se sont intéressés à la possibilité d’utiliser des microorganismes pour produire de l’électricité, et ont démontré que ce projet est réalisable. De tels dispositifs, les piles à combustibles microbiennes (PCM), puisent dans l’activité métabolique de bactéries dégradant des molécules organiques, en récupérant les électrons issus de leur respiration. Ces biopiles sont ainsi une source d’énergie renouvelable. Cependant, les modèles existants aujourd’hui doivent être significativement améliorés avant de pouvoir représenter une technologie performante, stable, et profitable. Plusieurs approches existent pour atteindre cet objectif. Par exemple, le transfert électronique entre la bactérie et l’électrode peut être amélioré en travaillant sur la nature du microorganisme ou du consortium bactérien utilisé. Dans ce projet, nous cherchons plutôt à optimiser le matériau et l’architecture d’une anode colonisée par des bactéries au sein d’une PCM. La conception de ce nouveau système est fondée sur l’observation des limites des bioanodes actuellement utilisées.Cette thèse s’intéresse ainsi à la conception d’une bioanode pour pile à combustible microbienne par électrofilage. Ce procédé permet la mise en forme de fibres de polymère nano à micrométriques par extrusion électro-assistée. Ainsi, nous obtenons une membrane de fibres entremêlées que l’on rend conductrice à l’aide de traitements thermiques ou de l’adjonction de particules carbonées. Les électrodes obtenues, adaptées à l’échelle bactérienne, sont ensuite colonisées par la bactérie électroactive Shewanella oneidensis. Cette étape est accomplie soit en laissant un biofilm se développer (in situ ou ex situ), soit en encapsulant les bactéries dans des fibres cœur-coquille. Par la suite, les bioanodes sont intégrées dans un montage de biopile pour évaluer leurs performances et caractéristiques électrochimiques. Les électrodes développées sont alors comparées aux performances mentionnées dans la littérature et montrent de remarquables densités volumiques de puissance et de courant (jusqu’à 3,26•103 A•m 3 et 296 W•m 3 contre 2,08•103 A•m 3 et 500 W•m 3 pour des réacteurs optimisés dans des conditions similaires (Ringeisen et al., 2006)). Un procédé basé sur la cryodessiccation et visant la conservation à long terme des électrodes conçues est aussi présenté. Enfin, les bioanodes développées sont utilisées pour produire de l’électricité à partir de véritables eaux usées. De même, leurs performances sont évaluées et sont encourageantes (4,4•10(3) A•m(-3) et 438 W•m(- 3))
- Published
- 2019
40. Récupération et transmission d'énergie pour électronique médicale intra- et extra-corporelle
- Author
-
Di Trocchio, Luigi and Dejous, Corinne
- Subjects
RFID ,Électronique médicale ,[SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering ,Dispositif implantable ,Wearable device ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Implantable device ,[SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics ,Récupération d’énergie sans fils ,Biofuel cell ,Wireless Power Transfer ,Biopile - Abstract
Electronic medical devices are nowadays blossoming, revolutionizing the way of think- ing the healthcare. These innovative devices are more and more frequently substituting the classical and conventional pharmaceutical approach to monitor and treat various diseases in different parts of the body, increasing results and limiting side effects. Re- cently, the advancements in bioelectronics have brought miniaturized implantable medical devices, which can be placed directly on the desired spot of the body, and wearable so- lutions, allowing the monitor of body parameters with minimum impact on the patients. Moreover, these devices are now embedding wireless communication capabilities, to allow the remote monitoring without needing unwanted wires. In order to further improve this technology, one of the most challenging and still not solved design problem is the research of a suitable powering approach, since classical batteries are not the optimal choice due to their size, weight and discharge in time. This dissertation proposes new batteryless solutions for both implantable and wearable wireless medical devices.On the implantable side, the first steps towards a highly integrated implantable micro- energy platform with communication capabilities are carried out. Two alternatives to batteries were selected to power the device: Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) and glucose Biofuel Cells (BFC). The first involves the transmission of energy from a transmitter to a receiver via an oscillating magnetic field and the second uses living organisms to produce electricity, using glucose and oxygen, both very abundant inside the human body. The proposed design is able to merge these two technologies in one single object, having both antenna and electrode capabilities, in order to allow a further miniaturization of the platform while having a hybrid powering system. Regarding wearable devices, fully-passive Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification (UHF-RFID) sensor solutions are proposed with application on laboratory rodents and human healthcare.In this work, the proposed hybrid implantable technology was successfully validated. Improvements of the structure, starting from a simple design, were defined and proven, in order to increase the efficiency of the wireless link. This allows to reduce the impact of dielectric losses associated to the body environment, while keeping the antenna/electrode in contact with the tissues. Moreover, four wearable RFID sensors were developed in order to continuously monitor a BFC implanted in a laboratory rat, leading to successfully monitoring of a BFC in-vivo for about 24 hours. Finally, a passive ultra-low-cost wearable RFID tag, with temperature monitoring capabilities, was also designed and developed using corrugated cardboard as substrate, allowing the easy screening of the human body temperature in developing countries, in case of emergencies or diseases outbreak., Ce travail de doctorat fait partie d'un projet multidisciplinaire, dont le but est de développer de nouveaux capteurs biomédicaux implantables, sans fil et qui fonctionnent sans moyens de batterie. La thèse se concentrera sur la partie électronique de ces implants. Des solutions novatrices seront proposées afin d'alimenter les appareils et d'optimiser la communication avec l'extérieur du corps. La communication se fera par le biais d'un lien radiofréquence et, en ce qui concerne la source d'alimentation, nous prévoyons utiliser deux alternatives aux batteries: transfert de puissance sans fil et biopiles. Le premier implique la transmission d'énergie d'un émetteur à un récepteur via un champ magnétique oscillant et le second utilise des organismes vivants pour produire de l'électricité, en utilisant du glucose et de l'oxygène, tous deux très abondants à l'intérieur du corps humain.
- Published
- 2019
41. Remediation of weathered diesel-oil contaminated soils using biopile systems: An amendment selection and pilot-scale study.
- Author
-
Liu, Pu-Fong, Yang, Zong-Han, Chen, Ya-Lei, Lo, Kai-Hong, and Kao, Chih-Ming
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Construction d'une biopile microbienne à un compartiment avec une cathode à air
- Author
-
Kosimaningrum, Widya Ernayati, Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Montpellier, Institut teknologi Bandung, Christophe Innocent, B. Buchari, and Marc Cretin
- Subjects
[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry ,Microorganismes electroactifs ,Air cathode ,Cathode a air ,Biofuel cell ,Electroactive microorganisms ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,Biopile - Abstract
Microbial fuel cell, MFC, is a bioengine that combine biochemical and electrochemical principle respectively to extract the stored electrons in organic material and to turn them into electricity. In an MFC, living electroactive microbes, with its whole enzymatic system, are employed to biocatalyze the oxidation of organic fuel; an anode is artificially introduced to divert the electrons, as resulted in the bacterial respiratory system; and oppositely a cathode drives the electron flow that further be switched to electrical power. Electroactive microbes spread out in numerous sources such as soil, compost, sludge, waste water, and so on. The feed, organic fuel and/or other nutrient, also can abundantly be present in their matrix sources and in many other priceless sources, which commonly available in daily life. Bacterial abundance and unlimited organic fuel are the two attractive reasons for the development of sustainable energy source as such as MFC, which is also drawn our attention in this research. Herein, we developed MFC, double chamber (DCMFC) and single chamber (SCMFC), which powered by garden compost as electroactive source and acetate fuel. For sustainability reason and other advantages i.e. practicability and eco-friendly, we mainly focused on SCMFC with air-breathing cathode system. The common problematic of the SCMFC is the limited power production that mainly due to the slow kinetic of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the cathodic part. Therefore, it is important to developed the material of air-breathing cathode which has a proper catalysis activity toward ORR to overcome this limitation. Carbon felt (CF) is the selected support material that suitable for air-breathing cathode fabrication. While, platinum (Pt) and manganese oxide (MnOx) respectively, as supreme and runner-up catalyst’s class, has been grown on CF through a simple electrodeposition method. The resulting materials, named as ACF@Pt and ACF@MnOx, have been characterized comprehensively by electrochemical and physicochemical methods to determine their electrocatalytic performances, which support for air-breathing cathode application. Accordingly, we have developed two main types of air-breathing cathode, i.e. ACF@Pt and ACF@MnOx, which have been successfully applied in SCMFC powered by garden compost with generated power density respectively 140 mW m-2 and 110 mW m-2. Moreover, the both developed material also reveal some promising application. For instance, ACF@Pt has been applied as MFC’s anode, both in DCMFC and SCMFC, and has improved the power density up to 300 mW m-2. Interestingly, it is also shown as an excellent electrocatalyst in hydrogen evolution reaction, HER. While, the ACF@MnOx material shows a promising electrocatalyst in an electro-Fenton like system to mineralization of biorefractory material i.e. one of the hazardous pollutant constituent of wastewater.; La pile à combustible microbienne, MFC, est un bioengine qui associe respectivement le principe biochimique et le principe électrochimique pour extraire les électrons stockés dans la matière organique et les transformer en électricité. Dans un MFC, des microbes électroactifs vivants, avec son système enzymatique complet, sont utilisés pour biocatalyser l'oxydation du combustible organique; une anode est introduite artificiellement pour détourner les électrons, ce qui a eu pour résultat le système respiratoire bactérien; et à l'opposé, une cathode entraîne le flux d'électrons qui est ensuite commuté sur le courant électrique. Les microbes électroactifs se répandent dans de nombreuses sources telles que le sol, le compost, les boues, les eaux usées, etc. Les aliments pour animaux, les combustibles organiques et / ou d'autres nutriments peuvent également être abondamment présents dans leurs sources matricielles et dans de nombreuses autres sources inestimables, couramment disponibles dans la vie quotidienne. L'abondance bactérienne et le carburant organique illimité sont les deux raisons attrayantes pour le développement d'une source d'énergie durable telle que le MFC, qui attire également notre attention dans cette recherche. Ici, nous avons développé MFC, double chambre (DCMFC) et chambre unique (SCMFC), alimentés par compost de jardin comme source électroactive et acétate de carburant. Pour des raisons de durabilité et d’autres avantages, c’est-à-dire praticables et respectueux de l’environnement, nous nous sommes principalement concentrés sur le SCMFC avec un système de cathodes respiratoires. La problématique commune du SCMFC est la production d’énergie limitée due principalement à la cinétique lente de la réaction de réduction de l’oxygène (ORR) dans la partie cathodique. Par conséquent, il est important de mettre au point le matériau de la cathode respiratoire qui présente une activité de catalyse appropriée vis-à-vis de la perte de réponse optique pour surmonter cette limitation. Le feutre de carbone (CF) est le matériau de support choisi qui convient à la fabrication de cathodes à respiration aérienne. Alors que le platine (Pt) et l’oxyde de manganèse (MnOx), respectivement, en tant que classe de catalyseur suprême et de second rang, ont été développés sur CF grâce à une méthode simple d’électrodéposition. Les matériaux résultants, dénommés ACF@Pt et ACF@MnOx, ont été caractérisés de manière complète par des méthodes électrochimiques et physicochimiques afin de déterminer leurs performances électrocatalytiques, supportant ainsi l’application de cathodes respiratoires. En conséquence, nous avons développé deux principaux types de cathodes respiratoires, à savoir ACF@Pt et ACF@MnOx, appliquées avec succès dans le SCMFC alimenté par du compost de jardin avec une densité de puissance respective de 140 mW m-2 et 110 mW m-2. De plus, les deux matériaux développés révèlent également des applications prometteuses. Par exemple, ACF@Pt a été utilisé comme anode de MFC, à la fois dans DCMFC et SCMFC, et a amélioré la densité de puissance jusqu'à 300 mW m-2. Fait intéressant, il est également montré comme un excellent électrocatalyseur dans la réaction de dégagement d’hydrogène, HER. Alors que le matériau ACF@MnOx présente un électrocatalyseur prometteur dans un système de type électro-Fenton à la minéralisation d'un matériau biréfractif, c'est-à-dire l'un des constituants polluants dangereux des eaux usées.
- Published
- 2018
43. Dérivation des électrons photosynthétiques par des quinones sur organisme entier : le cas de Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
- Author
-
Sayegh, Adnan, Processus d'Activation Sélective par Transfert d'Energie Uni-électronique ou Radiatif (UMR 8640) (PASTEUR), Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, and Frédéric Lemaître
- Subjects
Dérivation ,Microbial fuel cell ,[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology ,Algae ,Électrons ,Quinones ,Electrons ,Algues ,Quinone ,Derivation ,Photosynthesis ,Photosynthèse ,Biopile ,[SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM] ,[CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other - Abstract
Photosynthetic electron derivation on living organism using quinones : the case of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Nowadays, energy is a major concern to societies and research is focusing on finding new sources of clean and sustainable energy. In this context, photosynthesis may be an appropriate way to meet this objective. Indeed solar light provides the chemical energy required by photosynthetic organisms to maintain their cellular activity. Taking advantage of photosynthesis to produce a photocurrent requires intercepting electrons exchanged in the oxidation/reduction processes occurring along the photosynthetic chain. This is why we consider here an electrochemical device involving a gold electrode able to derivate photosynthetic electrons from a population of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii algae. However photosynthsesis is a multi-speed process and a rate controlling step was identified just before the b6f complex. This is why the strategy of this work aimed at deriving electrons before the b6f cytochrom. This allows to relieve algae from stress under high light conditions. Known as efficient PSII acceptors, quinones were used as exogenous mediators to transfer the electrons from the photosynthetic chain to the electrode surface. Therefore, the resulting photocurrents under illumination, were commented and discussed in order to understand and define the best appropriate experimental conditions for this bio-solar generator. Quinones were shown to induce toxicity on algae. Focus was directed on finding the best chemical structure which would combine good derivation properties and little toxicity.; L'énergie est un enjeu crucial pour les sociétés actuelles et le recours à des énergies alternatives est de jour. Or la photosynthèse apparaît comme une piste intéressante et les unités photosynthétiques comme des convertisseurs potentiels sélectionnés par l'Evolution. Lors de la photosynthèse électron poursuit son cheminement le long de la chaîne photosynthétique pour permettre la mise en marche des différents complexes enzymatiques nécessaires au maintien en vie de l'organisme photosynthétique. L'étape cinétiquement limitante de ce transfert électronique se situe en amont du cytochrome b6f. C'est cette limitation qui serait responsable des dommages encourus par les algues sous forte lumière connus sous le nom de photoinhibition. Ainsi pour ne pas compromettre la vie de l'algue unicellulaire Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, la stratégie mise en place durant ces travaux de thèse a été de dériver les électrons d'une manière sélective en amont de l'étape cinétiquement limitante. Pour cela des quinones exogènes ont été utilisées comme accepteurs d'électrons capables d'atteindre la chaîne photosynthétique, de récupérer les électrons et de venir s'oxyder à l'électrode polarisée. Une demi-pile a été mise en place et la stabilité du courant dans le temps étudiée. Une toxicité des quinones a en particulier été mise en évidence et serait responsable de la dégradation des performances du système au cours du temps. Les spectroscopies de fluorescence et d'absorption ont pu fournir des éléments de réponse. Des critères de choix de quinones ont été identifiés et partant de là, de la synthèse organique a été effectuée pour essayer de trouver un compromis entre dérivation et toxicité.
- Published
- 2018
44. Photosynthetic electron derivation on living organism using quinones : the case of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
- Author
-
Sayegh, Adnan, Processus d'Activation Sélective par Transfert d'Energie Uni-électronique ou Radiatif (UMR 8640) (PASTEUR), Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, and Frédéric Lemaître
- Subjects
Dérivation ,Microbial fuel cell ,[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology ,Algae ,Électrons ,Quinones ,Electrons ,Algues ,Quinone ,Derivation ,Photosynthesis ,Photosynthèse ,Biopile ,[SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM] ,[CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other - Abstract
Photosynthetic electron derivation on living organism using quinones : the case of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Nowadays, energy is a major concern to societies and research is focusing on finding new sources of clean and sustainable energy. In this context, photosynthesis may be an appropriate way to meet this objective. Indeed solar light provides the chemical energy required by photosynthetic organisms to maintain their cellular activity. Taking advantage of photosynthesis to produce a photocurrent requires intercepting electrons exchanged in the oxidation/reduction processes occurring along the photosynthetic chain. This is why we consider here an electrochemical device involving a gold electrode able to derivate photosynthetic electrons from a population of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii algae. However photosynthsesis is a multi-speed process and a rate controlling step was identified just before the b6f complex. This is why the strategy of this work aimed at deriving electrons before the b6f cytochrom. This allows to relieve algae from stress under high light conditions. Known as efficient PSII acceptors, quinones were used as exogenous mediators to transfer the electrons from the photosynthetic chain to the electrode surface. Therefore, the resulting photocurrents under illumination, were commented and discussed in order to understand and define the best appropriate experimental conditions for this bio-solar generator. Quinones were shown to induce toxicity on algae. Focus was directed on finding the best chemical structure which would combine good derivation properties and little toxicity.; L'énergie est un enjeu crucial pour les sociétés actuelles et le recours à des énergies alternatives est de jour. Or la photosynthèse apparaît comme une piste intéressante et les unités photosynthétiques comme des convertisseurs potentiels sélectionnés par l'Evolution. Lors de la photosynthèse électron poursuit son cheminement le long de la chaîne photosynthétique pour permettre la mise en marche des différents complexes enzymatiques nécessaires au maintien en vie de l'organisme photosynthétique. L'étape cinétiquement limitante de ce transfert électronique se situe en amont du cytochrome b6f. C'est cette limitation qui serait responsable des dommages encourus par les algues sous forte lumière connus sous le nom de photoinhibition. Ainsi pour ne pas compromettre la vie de l'algue unicellulaire Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, la stratégie mise en place durant ces travaux de thèse a été de dériver les électrons d'une manière sélective en amont de l'étape cinétiquement limitante. Pour cela des quinones exogènes ont été utilisées comme accepteurs d'électrons capables d'atteindre la chaîne photosynthétique, de récupérer les électrons et de venir s'oxyder à l'électrode polarisée. Une demi-pile a été mise en place et la stabilité du courant dans le temps étudiée. Une toxicité des quinones a en particulier été mise en évidence et serait responsable de la dégradation des performances du système au cours du temps. Les spectroscopies de fluorescence et d'absorption ont pu fournir des éléments de réponse. Des critères de choix de quinones ont été identifiés et partant de là, de la synthèse organique a été effectuée pour essayer de trouver un compromis entre dérivation et toxicité.
- Published
- 2018
45. Development, assessment and evaluation of a biopile for hydrocarbons soil remediation
- Author
-
Federico Fontana, Enrico Baldan, Sergio Casella, Marina Basaglia, and James P. Shapleigh
- Subjects
Bioaugmentation ,biopile ,Waste management ,Environmental remediation ,ARDRA community ,Contamination ,Soil remediation ,biodegradation ,complex mixtures ,Microbiology ,Soil contamination ,Biomaterials ,Diesel fuel ,Land reclamation ,bioaugmentation ,hydrocarbons ,inoculation ,DGGE ,Environmental science ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Microbial inoculant - Abstract
Soil at a site located in North-Eastern Italy has been impacted by a persistent, long term exposure to diesel fuel. The concentration of organic contaminants in soil exceeded the acceptable limits indicated by the present regulations concerning the specific use-destination of the sites and its reclamation. The contamination involved several thousands square meters of soil surface resulting in some thousand cubic meters of soil. Approximately 650 cubic meter of the most contaminated soil was moved to a nearby site where a biopile was assessed with the aim to enhance the activities of the soil community to reduce the oil concentration. In order to verify the correct operation of the system it was continuously monitored in terms of chemical concentration, biological activity and community structure. The main remediation occurred within the first 300 days of treatment allowing the soil to be back within the threshold defined by current laws for industrial and commercial activities. An additional 200 days treatment was needed to further reduce the oil content to the limits required for public parks and residential areas. Lab scale biopiles were also assessed to evaluate the role of commercial inoculants in the remediation process.
- Published
- 2015
46. Transfert électronique au sein d'une pile à combustible microbienne. Compréhension des Paramètres Expérimentaux et Structuraux à l'Interface entre une Bactérie électro-active et une Electrode carbonée
- Author
-
Pinto, David, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (site Paris VI) (LCMCP (site Paris VI)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, Thibaud Coradin, and Christel Laberty-Robert
- Subjects
Carbone ,Bacteria ,Electrospinning ,Exoelectrogen ,Bactérie ,Biofuel cell ,Silica ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,Biopile ,Silice - Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are a type of fuel cells based on bacteria as biologic catalysts. By the metabolism of organic compounds, these micro-organisms produce and transfer electrons to a conductive matrix. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of working conditions and structural parameters on the biofilm formation and the electrochemical behaviour of electroactive bacteria. By optimising the bacterial growth of Shewanella oneidensis strain in semi-aerobic condition, various working condition was evaluated to better understand the interaction between a carbon felt (CF) electrode and the bacteria. It appears that the bacterial state of growth influences the electron transfer of the cells, as well as the electrolyte nature. The effect of the anodic polarization was evaluated by applying various poised potential between -0.3 V and 0.5 V in both single and dual-chamber MFC. This study leads to the conclusion that bacteria are more sensible to highly positive potential in membrane-less MFC. On the contrary, in dual-chamber reactors, both positive and negative potential leads to the formation of different biofilm architectures. Then, an artificial biofilm was created by incorporating bacteria encapsulated into a silica gel into a CF. The electrochemical behaviour of bacteria seems sensible to the tightness of the silica network. Finally, by the electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile solution and then the annealing of the fiber mat, an electrode with micro-scaled carbon fibers was produced. The use of this electrode as an anode in a MFC leads to an increase of the MFC performance and more specially of the anodic current density by a factor 10 to 100.; Les biopiles microbiennes (PACB) sont un type de pile à combustible utilisant des bactéries comme catalyseurs. Par la métabolisation de matières organiques, les bactéries produisent et transfèrent des électrons à une matrice conductrice. Les matériaux carbonés, comme les feutres de carbone (fibres de 10 µm de diamètre) sont adaptés comme matériau anodique. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’évaluer l’effet des paramètres expérimentaux et structuraux sur la formation du biofilm et sur le comportement électrochimique d’une bactérie électro-active à la surface d’une électrode. Suite à l’optimisation de la croissance de Shewanella oneidensis en condition de semi-aérobie, l’effet de la présence d’oxygène, de l’état de croissance de la bactérie et de la nature de l’électrolyte sur le transfert électronique, ont été évalué. La polarisation de l’anode a des potentiels compris entre -0.3 et 0.5 V conduit à deux conclusions : (i) Les bactéries sont plus sensibles a des potentiels positifs élevés en réacteur mono-compartiment. (ii) En PACB à deux compartiments, les potentiels négatifs et positifs conduisent à deux structures de biofilm différentes. Un biofilm artificiel a été conçu en encapsulant des bactéries dans une gel de silice incorporé dans un feutre de carbone. Il apparait que le transfert électronique des bactéries encapsulées varie en fonction de la rigidité du réseau de silice. Finalement, par l’electrospinning d’une solution de PAN et le traitement thermique de la membrane obtenue, une électrode formée de fibres micrométriques a été conçue. Son utilisation en PACB conduit à une augmentation des performances de la biopile. Le courant anodique augmente d’un facteur 10 à 100.
- Published
- 2016
47. New synthetic substrates used by dehydrogenases for the development of innovative enzyme/electrode interfaces
- Author
-
Carter, Julie, Génie Enzymatique, Membrane Biomimétique et Assemblages Supramoléculaires ( GEMBAS ), Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires ( ICBMS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Lyon, Loïc Blum, Bastien Doumeche, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Site-directed mutagenesis ,NAD+ analogs ,Bioélectronique ,Bioelectronic ,Biocatalyse ,Ionic liquids ,Analogues du NAD+ ,Liquides ioniques ,Dehydrogenase ,Déshydrogénase ,[SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology ,Biocatalysis ,[SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology ,Mutagenèse dirigée ,Enzymatic biofuel cell ,Biopile ,[ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology - Abstract
Bioelectrical systems, such as enzymatic biofuel cells, often require a molecular construction complex comprising the enzyme cofactor, intermediary molecules and electrochemical mediators. In order to simplify them, we have replaced these different partners by 13 analogs that are simple to synthesize after identification by screening in silico. The nicotinamide ring is coupled to an aromatic moiety and an electrochemical mediator is then coupled to it as well, resulting in various colored powders (pink, red). The first step' s yield is around 83% with a purity of approximately 92%. The second step's yield is comprised between 45% and 65% with a purity of 97%. The analogs were characterized chemically (NMR, mass spectrometry) and electrochemically (cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry). The activities of two enzymes, the formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and the horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH), and an organometallic catalyst, [Cp*Rh(bpy)H2O]2+, were evaluated with these analogs. Weak activities were observed for 4 analogs using the HLADH and 1 analog using the FDH. Unlike the enzymes, the reduction of a conjugated mediator was confirmed with the catalyst [Cp*Rh(bpy)H2O]2+ using cyclic voltammetry. The wild type FDH is not adapted to function with these new substrates, which can be solubilized in an IL such as [MMIm][Me2PO4]. An FDH (N187S/T321S) shown to be tolerant to [MMIm][Me2PO4], and obtained previously by directed evolution, was studied by isolating the two single mutants, N187S and T321S. The double mutant N187S/T321S and the mutant N187S are 4 times more active in aqueous solution and in [MMIm][Me2PO4]. Fluorescence spectroscopy analyses showed that the single mutation N187S favorises FDH dimer stability by modifying the pKa of the amino acid E163. The latter is involved in FDH thermal stability and tolerance in ILs, Les systèmes bioélectroniques tels que les biopiles enzymatiques nécessitant souvent l'utilisation des assemblages moléculaires complexes comprenant le cofacteur de l'enzyme, des agents de couplage et des médiateurs électrochimiques. Afin de les simplifier, nous avons remplacé ces différents partenaires par 13 analogues simples à synthétiser après identification par criblage in silico. Le noyau aromatique est couplé à un noyau aromatique et puis un médiateur électrochimique est couplé à celui-ci. Les produits sont des poudres de couleurs variées (rose, rouge). Le rendement de la première étape est de 83% avec une pureté d'environ 92%. Le rendement de la seconde étape est compris entre 45% et 65% avec une pureté de 97%. Ces analogues ont été caractérisés chimiquement (RMN, spectrométrie de masse) et électrochimiquement (voltammétrie cyclique et spectroélectrochimie). Les activités de deux enzymes, la formiate déshydrogénase (FDH) et l'alcool déshydrogénase de foie de cheval (HLADH), et d'un catalyseur organométallique, le [Cp*Rh(bpy)(H2O)]2+, ont été évaluées avec ces analogues. De faibles activités ont été observées en présence de l'HLADH avec 4 analogues et en présence de la FDH avec un seul analogue. Au contraire aux enzymes, la réduction d'un médiateur a pu été confirmée en présence du catalyseur [Cp*Rh(bpy)(H2O)]2+ par voltammétrie cyclique. La FDH native n'est pas adaptée à fonctionner avec ces nouveaux substrats solubles dans un LI, le [MMIm][Me2PO4]. Une FDH tolérante (N187S/T321S) au [MMIm][Me2PO4] précédemment obtenue par évolution dirigée a été donc étudiée en isolant les simples mutants N187S et T321S. Le double mutant N187S/T321S et le simple mutant N187S sont 4 fois plus actifs en solution aqueuse et en présence de LI. Des analyses par spectroscopie de fluorescence ont montré que la simple mutation N187S favorise la stabilité du dimère de FDH en modifiant le pKa de l'acide aminé E163. Celui-ci est impliqué dans la thermostabilité et la tolérance des FDHs aux LIs
- Published
- 2016
48. Développement d'électrodes modifiées et d'un bioréacteur électrochimique à flux continu pour une application aux biopiles microbiennes
- Author
-
Champavert, Joffrey, Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Montpellier, Christophe Innocent, and Laurence Preziosi
- Subjects
Bio-Électrochimie ,Électrode ,Bio-Electrochemistry ,Graphène ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Bioreactor ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,Graphene ,Biopile ,Electrodes ,Biofuel cells ,Bioréacteur - Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has been considered as a renewable energy source which uses bacteria to convert chemical energy into electricity. Since the anode, as the electron acceptor for the electroactive bacteria, directly interacts with microorganisms, the selection of high performance anode materials is of crucial importance in the design of a MFC. Recently, graphene has been considered as the intriguing material, attracting strong scientific and technological interest with great application potentials in various fields, such as lithium ion batteries, solar cells and electrochemical super-capacitors, for its unique nanostructure and extraordinary properties. Therefore, surface modification using reduced graphene oxide has been investigated for the construction of anodes. An abiotic cathode has also been investigated since it often has a kinetic limitation regarding the oxygen reduction reaction. The potential of the use of organometallics complexes, and more particularly nickel phthalocyanines (poly-NiTSPc), has been studied and applied to the fabrication of cathodes for biofuel cells applications. Thereby, a dual chamber hybrid MFC has been constructed combining a reduced graphene oxide modified bioanode with a chemical poly-NiTSPc modified carbon felt. This MFC uses compost garden leachate, as source of microorganisms, for the growth of an electroactive biofilm onto the anode and presents an excellent lifetime. Indeed, graphene allowed to obtain a power density stable for 40 fays (24.8 mW/m² with pure oxygen). When the modified carbon felt was used as cathode, the power densities obtained were 7.5 higher than the use of platinum cathode. Furthermore, a new design of a dual chamber MFC has been built up in order to work with a constant flow, to supply continuously substrates to the biofilm formed onto the anode from a pure strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to avoid to work in a batch as it is usually done. The interest of this configuration is to prevent any current loss due to a lack in supply of substrates. Using this bioreactor as a MFC, different parameters have been explored such as the feed rate and the glucose consumption in the anodic compartment, the evolution of the pH as well as the biomass between the entrance and the exit of the chamber. A first study of the correlation between all these parameters has been proposed.; Les biopiles microbiennes sont des sources d’énergies renouvelables utilisant des bactéries qui convertissent une énergie chimique en électricité. Pour cela, l’anode doit collecter les électrons issus des microorganismes. La sélection d’un matériau d’anode possédant de grandes performances est d’une importance cruciale dans la construction d’une biopile microbienne. Le graphène est considéré comme un matériau prometteur avec de grandes possibilités d’application dans de nombreux domaines tels que les batteries Li-ion, les cellules photovoltaïques et les super condensateurs électrochimiques en raison de sa structure nanométrique. Ainsi, la modification de surface par de l’oxyde de graphène réduit a été appliquée à la construction d’anodes pour biopiles microbiennes. La cathode abiotique a aussi été étudiée puisqu’elle présente souvent une limitation cinétique vis-à-vis de la réduction de l’oxygène. Les potentialités des complexes organométalliques, et en particulier les phthalocyanines de nickel, ont été étudiés et appliquées à la construction d’une cathode pour biopile. Ainsi, une biopile hybride à deux compartiments a été construite en combinant une bioanode en mousse d’acier inoxydable modifiée par de l’oxyde de graphène réduite et une cathode en feutre de carbone modifiée avec de la phthalocyanine de nickel. La biopile microbienne ainsi construite utilise du lixiviat de terreau, comme source de microorganismes, pour le développement d’un biofilm électroactif à l’anode et présente une bonne stabilité dans le temps. Le graphène a permis d’obtenir une densité de puissance stable pendant une période 40 jours (24.8 mW/m² en présence d’oxygène pur). La cathode présentée dans ce travail a permis d’obtenir une densité de puissance supérieure à une cathode de platine (7.5 fois supérieur). Par ailleurs, un nouveau design de biopile à deux compartiments a été construit, afin de produire de l’électricité à partir d’une souche pure : Pseudomonas aeruginosa qui est connu pour la formation de biofilm électroactive. Un nouveau design a été proposé, permettant de travailler à alimentation constante et non plus en batch comme cela se fait de manière classique. Cette configuration permet de ne plus avoir de diminution de courant liée à un manque d’apport en carburant. Différents paramètres ont ainsi été explorés tel que le débit d’alimentation, la consommation en glucose dans le compartiment anodique, la variation de pH au cours du temps ainsi que l’évolution de la biomasse. Une première approche d’étude de corrélation de ces différents paramètres est proposée.
- Published
- 2016
49. Development of modified electrodes and a continuous flow electrochemical bioreactor for microbial fuel cells applications
- Author
-
Champavert, Joffrey, STAR, ABES, Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Montpellier, Christophe Innocent, and Laurence Preziosi
- Subjects
Bio-Électrochimie ,[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,Électrode ,Bio-Electrochemistry ,Graphène ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Bioreactor ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,Graphene ,Biopile ,Electrodes ,Biofuel cells ,Bioréacteur - Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has been considered as a renewable energy source which uses bacteria to convert chemical energy into electricity. Since the anode, as the electron acceptor for the electroactive bacteria, directly interacts with microorganisms, the selection of high performance anode materials is of crucial importance in the design of a MFC. Recently, graphene has been considered as the intriguing material, attracting strong scientific and technological interest with great application potentials in various fields, such as lithium ion batteries, solar cells and electrochemical super-capacitors, for its unique nanostructure and extraordinary properties. Therefore, surface modification using reduced graphene oxide has been investigated for the construction of anodes. An abiotic cathode has also been investigated since it often has a kinetic limitation regarding the oxygen reduction reaction. The potential of the use of organometallics complexes, and more particularly nickel phthalocyanines (poly-NiTSPc), has been studied and applied to the fabrication of cathodes for biofuel cells applications. Thereby, a dual chamber hybrid MFC has been constructed combining a reduced graphene oxide modified bioanode with a chemical poly-NiTSPc modified carbon felt. This MFC uses compost garden leachate, as source of microorganisms, for the growth of an electroactive biofilm onto the anode and presents an excellent lifetime. Indeed, graphene allowed to obtain a power density stable for 40 fays (24.8 mW/m² with pure oxygen). When the modified carbon felt was used as cathode, the power densities obtained were 7.5 higher than the use of platinum cathode. Furthermore, a new design of a dual chamber MFC has been built up in order to work with a constant flow, to supply continuously substrates to the biofilm formed onto the anode from a pure strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to avoid to work in a batch as it is usually done. The interest of this configuration is to prevent any current loss due to a lack in supply of substrates. Using this bioreactor as a MFC, different parameters have been explored such as the feed rate and the glucose consumption in the anodic compartment, the evolution of the pH as well as the biomass between the entrance and the exit of the chamber. A first study of the correlation between all these parameters has been proposed., Les biopiles microbiennes sont des sources d’énergies renouvelables utilisant des bactéries qui convertissent une énergie chimique en électricité. Pour cela, l’anode doit collecter les électrons issus des microorganismes. La sélection d’un matériau d’anode possédant de grandes performances est d’une importance cruciale dans la construction d’une biopile microbienne. Le graphène est considéré comme un matériau prometteur avec de grandes possibilités d’application dans de nombreux domaines tels que les batteries Li-ion, les cellules photovoltaïques et les super condensateurs électrochimiques en raison de sa structure nanométrique. Ainsi, la modification de surface par de l’oxyde de graphène réduit a été appliquée à la construction d’anodes pour biopiles microbiennes. La cathode abiotique a aussi été étudiée puisqu’elle présente souvent une limitation cinétique vis-à-vis de la réduction de l’oxygène. Les potentialités des complexes organométalliques, et en particulier les phthalocyanines de nickel, ont été étudiés et appliquées à la construction d’une cathode pour biopile. Ainsi, une biopile hybride à deux compartiments a été construite en combinant une bioanode en mousse d’acier inoxydable modifiée par de l’oxyde de graphène réduite et une cathode en feutre de carbone modifiée avec de la phthalocyanine de nickel. La biopile microbienne ainsi construite utilise du lixiviat de terreau, comme source de microorganismes, pour le développement d’un biofilm électroactif à l’anode et présente une bonne stabilité dans le temps. Le graphène a permis d’obtenir une densité de puissance stable pendant une période 40 jours (24.8 mW/m² en présence d’oxygène pur). La cathode présentée dans ce travail a permis d’obtenir une densité de puissance supérieure à une cathode de platine (7.5 fois supérieur). Par ailleurs, un nouveau design de biopile à deux compartiments a été construit, afin de produire de l’électricité à partir d’une souche pure : Pseudomonas aeruginosa qui est connu pour la formation de biofilm électroactive. Un nouveau design a été proposé, permettant de travailler à alimentation constante et non plus en batch comme cela se fait de manière classique. Cette configuration permet de ne plus avoir de diminution de courant liée à un manque d’apport en carburant. Différents paramètres ont ainsi été explorés tel que le débit d’alimentation, la consommation en glucose dans le compartiment anodique, la variation de pH au cours du temps ainsi que l’évolution de la biomasse. Une première approche d’étude de corrélation de ces différents paramètres est proposée.
- Published
- 2016
50. Physiological considerations for the design and integration of bioinspired implantable biofuel cells
- Author
-
Alcaraz, Jean-Pierre, STAR, ABES, Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes, Donald Martin, and Philippe Cinquin
- Subjects
[SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering ,[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology ,Energy ,Membrane biomimétique ,Biofuel cell ,Polyelectrolyte ,Biomimetic membrane ,Polyelectrolytes ,[SDV.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology ,Membrane proteins ,[SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology ,[SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering ,[SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology ,Matériau implantable ,Biopile ,Implantable material ,Protéines membranaires ,Energie - Abstract
We believe that in the near future micro-robots or artificial implanted organs can replace failing essential organs. Lithium batteries of cardiac pacemakers are well adapted to operate for years into sick patients. However, for next generation energy intensive implanted devices, longevity and volumic power of these batteries have to be improved.We chose two biomimetic approaches to create bioinspired biofuel cells: the enzymatic biofuel cells generate electrical current from the oxidation and the reduction of organic or inorganic compounds. The biomimetic biofuel cell generate an electrical potential from ion transfer across a biomimetic membrane.The enzymatic biofuel.cells, utilizing glucose and oxygen, are theorically able to work almost indefinitely as their substrates are always present in the body fluids. However, the biocompatibility and the long-term performance of these biofuel cells for a human implantation remain a real bottleneck. This thesis describes the design and the implantation of of new enzymatic biofuel cells in different animal models. The implantation of such devices is challenging and we brought creative solutions with a physiological point of view by addressing biocompatibility problems and electrical measurement techniques. We are now capable to implant these biofuel cells in big animals by analyzing the performances of the biofuel cell in real time.This thesis initiates the biomimetic biofuel cell concept. It consists in membrane transport protein (i.e ion channels) incorporated in a biomimetic membrane. The building of a biomimetic device demonstrates the transformation of a NaCl gradient into a proton gradient. We also generate a 20 mV voltage with a 38 mm² flat membrane. This biomimetic membrane containing the NhaA sodium/ proton exchanger is stable for more than two weeks., On peut imaginer dans un futur proche que des micro-robots implantés pourront suppléer la défaillance de certaines fonctions essentielles. C’est déjà le cas avec les stimulateurs cardiaques dont les piles au lithium sont bien adaptées à leur fonctionnement pendant des années de vie du patient. Cependant, pour des systèmes plus gourmands en énergie, il convient d’améliorer la longévité et la puissance volumique de ces piles. La stratégie que nous avons choisie est basée sur une approche biomimétique et deux voies ont été suivies pour créer une biopile bioinspirée : les biopiles enzymatiques génèrent un courant électrique à partir de l’oxydation de molécules organiques et la réduction d’oxygène en eau. Les biopiles à base de membranes biomimétiques génèrent un potentiel électrique à partir du transfert d’ions au travers une membrane biomimétique.Les biopiles enzymatiques, qui utilisent par exemple le glucose et l’oxygène, sont théoriquement capables de fonctionner indéfiniment car ces substrats sont toujours présents dans l’organisme. Cependant, la biocompatibilité et la performance à long terme de ces biopiles restent des verrous pour leur mise en œuvre chez l’homme. Cette thèse décrit la conception et l’implantation de nouvelles biopiles enzymatiques chez différents modèles animaux. Leur implantation constitue un véritable défi technologique et nous amenons des solutions guidées par la physiologie en abordant les problèmes de biocompatibilité mais aussi de techniques de mesure électrique.Nous sommes maintenant capables d’implanter ces biopiles chez de gros animaux en analysant en temps réel les performances de la biopile implantée.Cette thèse développe également le concept de biopile à base de membranes biomimétiques. Il s’agit d’une biopile mettant en œuvre des protéines de transport (par exemple des canaux ioniques) insérées dans des membranes biomimétiques. Nous avons démontré la faisabilité de la transformation d’un gradient de NaCl en gradient de protons. Nous avons aussi réussi à générer une différence de potentiel de 20 millivolts avec une membrane plane de 38 mm². Cette membrane biomimétique, contenant l’échangeur sodium/proton NhaA, est stable pendant plus de 15 jours.
- Published
- 2016
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.