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Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study on the biomass and environmental services of Pteridium aquilinum populations in herbaceous formations located in the Wamba valley in the Democratic Republic of Congo, aims to promote biological resources. The objective is to evaluate the biomass, the carbon stock sequestered by the population of the species under study with a view to knowing its contribution in the fight against climate change. The methodological approach boils down to inventories, collection and identification of botanical samples and measurement of biomass. After processing and analysis of the data, the results show that the total biomass of all components (leaves and rhizomes) amounts to 6.07 t/ha; 2.75 t/ha of sequestered carbon and 22.27 t/ha of carbon equivalent. Individuals of this species contribute to the fight against climate change. These results demonstrate the importance of perennial grasses in solving climate problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cette étude avait pour but d’évaluer la dynamique saisonnière des pâturages herbacés dans la zone sahélienne du Burkina Faso. Pour estimer la biomasse de la strate herbacée, deux opérations de coupe de la biomasse espacées d’un intervalle de quinze jours ont été effectuées chaque mois dans dix parcelles permanentes de 100 m2 ainsi que des relevés phytosociologiques afin de distinguer les différents types de pâturages. L’évolution de la biomasse en fonction du temps a montré des phases distinctes. La première phase (juin – juillet) avec une croissance lente constitue la phase d’installation de la végétation dont les conditions d’humidité sont favorisées par les premières pluies. La deuxième phase qui s’étale d’août à septembre où la production est culminante constitue la phase de maturation des herbacées. Le pic de la production dans chacun des pâturages est observé durant cette période où la réserve utile des sols est élevée. La quatrième phase (octobre – novembre) traduit la décroissance de la production de la strate herbacée. La vitesse de croissance journalière de la biomasse de la strate herbacée est irrégulière. La croissance de la strate herbacée commence tout juste après les premières pluies. Les valeurs élevées (de 7 à 19,0 g.jour-1) se situent au cours des mois de juillet jusqu’au début du mois de septembre, ce qui correspond aux mois où la réserve utile du sol est maximale. La production de biomasse varie en fonction des pâturages. Le pâturage à Piliostigma reticulatum et Justicia insularis est le plus productif avec 0,91 ± 0,97 tonnes de matières sèches par hectare. Les capacités de charge ont varié de 0,0 à 0,7 UBT.ha-1 par mois et interpellent sur la nécessité de modérer la pâture et d’enrichir les parcours sahéliens.

Europe experienced unprecedented droughts during the years 2018, 2019, and 2020. In the course of climate change, it is expected that such drought events will occur more frequently so that agriculture needs to adapt to droughts. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has been promoted as an adaptation to water limited conditions. Hemp delivers biomass as a raw material to a variety of different value chains, such as fibers and textiles, house construction, chemicals, or food applications. Hemp develops a deep root system, which enables it to cover its water demand even during longer dry periods. This may lead to an over exploitation of soil moisture of deeper soil layers or of the groundwater in the long-term. Against this background, this study assessed the water consumption of hemp in Northeastern Germany (region Uckermark) during the growing seasons 2018-2022. The Penman Monteith approach was used to calculate the water consumption, whereby the remote sensing based S-SEBI approach was employed, with Landsat satellite images as input data, to feed crop coefficients into those calculations. The water consumption of hemp ranged from 310 to 407 mm over the growing seasons 2018-2022, while stem yields were 9 t ha-1 (except 2018 with 7.8 t ha-1). This water consumption did exceed the precipitation during the growing seasons, but did not exceed the total precipitation of the given hydrological years so that growing hemp does not constitute an over-exploitation of water. Instead, hemp taps the soil moisture that has infiltrated into the soil during autumn and winter. This makes hemp a crop well suited for an adaptation to a drier, hotter, and more variable climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Silva Lusitana is the property of Unidade de Investigacao de Silvicultura e Productos Florestais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Naturaliste Canadien is the property of La Societe Provancher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rangelands of the High plateau of eastern Morocco constitute an important supplement to the feeding of sheep and goats. Estimating phytomass production from these rangelands during the growing season is useful for managers of pastoral areas. The objective of this study is to test several vegetation indices resulting from remote sensing to propose the most appropriate vegetation indices for phytomass estimation of Moroccan rangelands. In this study, field data collected during April 2018 and eight vegetation indices (ARVI, DVI, IPVI, MSAVI, NDVI, RVI, SAVI and TSAVI) from the Sentinel-2 satellite images taken in April 2018 are used. Correlations between phytomass and each of these vegetation indices were performed to identify the best estimator. The results showed that rangeland phytomass ranged from 0.02 to 4.71 with an average of 0.84 tons per hectare in the studied sites. Vegetation indices highly correlated with phytomass are ARVI, IPVI, NDVI, RVI and SAVI. Polynomial models were better than linear models. The best model of phytomass estimation was RVI followed by, IPVI, NDVI, ARVI and SAVI with R2 of 0.84; 0.82; 0.82; 0.81 and 0.80 respectively.

Several cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have been released in Uganda over a period of five decades, but the genetic gain to selection in respect of yield and agronomic characteristics has not been determined. This study was conducted to estimate the gain in selection over the 1960 - 2016 period, of common bean breeding in Uganda. Twenty nine bush and eleven climbing type cultivars were evaluated for yield and yield components, in three locations, during 2017B and 2018A cropping seasons. The study was carried out at the National Crop Resources Research Institute (NaCCRI), Nakabango Research Institute in central and Kwachwekano Zonal Agriculture Research Institute in southwestern Uganda. The design used was a randomised complete blocks with three replicates for the climbing types; and a 3x10 Alpha lattice design with three replicates for bush types. Significant differences (P<0.001) were recorded among cultivars for most traits in both bush and climbers, except seed number per pod (NSP). The range of genetic gain in grain yield was between 1,505 to 2,418 kg ha-1 for bush type cultivars, and 1,641 to 2,687 kg ha-1 for the climbing types. Yield has increased by16.3 and 26.3 kg ha-1 per year for bush and climbers, respectively; with a relative gain of 1.27%/year for bush types and 1.54%/year for the climbing types. Biomass yield and harvest index explained most of the variation in grain yield and number of pods per plant in climbing types. Among climbing types, biomass yield was significantly and positively correlated with grain yield per plant and grain yield per ha (P<0.05, and r= 0.87) and with grain yield per ha (P<0.01 r = 0.98) for bush types, biomass yield was significantly and positively correlated with grain yield per plant (P<0.05, and r= 0.59) and with grain yield per ha (P<0.01 r = 0.80) and harvest index (P<0.5 r = 0.80). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of zooplankton spatial structure is critical to quantifying plankton production and biochemical cycling. Here, we show the effect of monsoon-driven hydrographic changes on the spatial patterns of zooplankton at regional scales. Based on a field survey conducted during the monsoon transition, we assess the community structure and ash-free dry weight above 100 m depth in the Kuroshio edge area, southeastern East China Sea. The zooplankton community was dominated by copepods, with calanoids as the most abundant taxon followed by poecilostomatoids. Copepod assemblages comprised 81 species belonging to 41 families, and 23 genera, with Undinula vulgaris as the most abundant species. The richness of zooplankton taxa showed a mounting trend from the coast to offshore, which was opposite to the spatial variation of total zooplankton biomass. Our results suggest a leading influence of the Kuroshio Current during the southwest-northeast monsoon transition period in the southeastern East China Sea. Résumé: L'évaluation de la structure spatiale du zooplancton est essentielle pour quantifier la production du plancton et les cycles biochimiques. Ici, nous montrons l'effet des changements hydrographiques induits par la mousson sur les modèles spatiaux du plancton à l'échelle régionale. À partir d'un suivi sur le terrain mené pendant la transition de la mousson, nous avons évalué la structure de la communauté et le poids sec sans cendres au-dessus de 100 m de profondeur dans la zone du bord du Kuroshio, au sud-est de la mer de Chine orientale. La communauté zooplanctonique était dominée par les copépodes, avec les calanoïdes comme taxon le plus abondant suivis par les poecilostomatoïdes. Les assemblages de copépodes comprenaient 81 espèces appartenant à 41 familles, et 23 genres, avec Undinula vulgaris comme l'espèce la plus abondante. La richesse des taxons du zooplankton a montré une tendance croissante de la côte vers le large, qui était opposée à la variation spatiale de la biomasse totale du zooplancton. Nos résultats suggèrent une influence prépondérante du Courant de Kuroshio pendant la période de transition de la mousson sud-ouest/nord-est dans le sud-est de la mer de Chine orientale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four species, Aporrectodea rosea, Aporrectodea turgida, Lumbricus rubellus and Octolasion tyrtaeum are reported for the first time from Arthabaska County, Quebec. This brings the number of known earthworm species in the county to eleven. Soil amelioration, earthworm community associations and biomass are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La ville de Yamoussoukro comprend de nombreux jardins privés. Elle compte plus d’une trentaine de jardins privés avec une biodiversité conséquente. La présente étude a permis d’évaluer l’aménagement des jardins privés de Yamoussoukro. Pour atteindre ce but, un inventaire floristique a été réalisé à partir de deux méthodes complémentaires. Au cours de l’inventaire, des placettes ont été installées. Aussi, la mesure des arbres de diamètre à hauteur de poitrine supérieur à 2,5 cm a été notée. Les densités, les aires basales, les biomasses et stocks de carbones et les indices de diversité ont été calculées. Au total, 5269 individus ont été dénombrés dont 2184 ont un DHP ≥ 2,5 cm. Senna siamea est l’espèce la plus représentative avec 10 % des effectifs. Les espèces à statut particulier recensées et la forte biomasse montrent qu’un regard doit être porté sur les jardins privés qui peuvent être des milieux pour la conservation de la biodiversité.

Copyright of Ecoscience (Ecoscience) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Histological investigations elucidate infection structure development and the subsequent colonization process of rust pathogens in their cereal hosts. No comprehensive information exists for the infection process of the wheat stem rust fungus, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), on triticale, an amphiploid species carrying both the wheat and rye genomes. The adult plant stem rust response of the triticale cultivars 'Kiewiet', 'Coorong' and 'Satu' and the bread wheat control, Line 37–07, was determined under controlled conditions using Pgt pathotypes UVPgt56, UVPgt60 and UVPgt62. Flag leaf sheaths were sampled 24 and 48 h post-inoculation (hpi) for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 120 hpi for fluorescence microscopy, and 16 days post-inoculation for a fungal biomass assay. Although slight differences were observed between the epidermal morphology of triticale and wheat stem sheaths, SEM results indicated that this did not influence early infection by Pgt. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that colony size was affected by both host genotype and pathotype. Colony size strongly corresponded with fungal biomass accumulation, except in 'Kiewiet', where fungal growth was not restricted to the same degree as in other incompatible interactions. This study shows that methods commonly used for studying histopathology of Pgt in wheat are equally applicable to triticale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Silva Lusitana is the property of Unidade de Investigacao de Silvicultura e Productos Florestais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Algerian Journal of Arid Environment (AJAE) is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’évaluer l’impact des changements d’affectation des terres sur la biomasse ligneuse dans la Forêt Classée de Goungoun et ses Terroirs Riverains au Nord-Bénin. Les cartes d’affectation des terres obtenues de l’interprétation des images Landsat et des données d’inventaire forestier tous de 2005 et de 2018 ont permis d’estimer la variation de la biomasse ligneuse. Les cartes de biomasse ont été générées en tenant compte des catégories d’affectation des terres de 2005 et de 2018. Les formations naturelles ont connu une régression de 27,34 %. Cette régression entraine une perte de 41,66 t.ms/ha et de 8,23 t.ms/ha de biomasse des terres forestières converties en terres savanicoles et cultivées. La transformation des terres savanicoles en terres cultivées fait perdre 3,56 t.ms/ha de biomasse et fait gagner 54,92 t.ms/ha de biomasse aux terres forestières. Pour reconstituer cette aire protégée, il faut passer de la conservation à la protection.

In diesem Aufsatz diskutieren wir die schnell wachsende Zahl an Literaturbeiträgen zu Chitosan‐basierten porösen Materialien, mit Schwerpunkt auf Gelierungsmechanismen, dreidimensionaler multiskaliger Strukturkontrolle sowie der mannigfaltigen chemischen Funktionalität, die mit anderen Biopolymeren nicht erreichbar ist. Die Eigenschaften unterscheiden sich von letzteren teils stark: von überkritisch getrockneten, mesoporösen Chitosan‐Aerogelen bis hin zu äußerst leichten, gefriergetrockneten makroporösen Gerüsten. Im Labormaßstab erreicht poröses Chitosan beeindruckende Eigenschaften, der hoch (meso)poröse Charakter verstärkt jedoch nicht nur die vorteilhafte Funktionalität des Chitosans, sondern auch seine Nachteile, was eine mögliche Industrialisierung ernsthaft einschränkt. Zur Förderung des Technologietransfers diskutieren wir in kritischer Weise die praktische Umsetzbarkeit möglicher Anwendungen von Chitosan‐Aerogelen im Vergleich zu konventionellen und anderen biopolymerbasierten porösen oder nichtporösen Materialien. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annuario di Antropologia is the property of Ledizioni-LediPublishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The city of Yamoussoukro includes many private gardens. It has more than thirty private gardens with a consequent biodiversity. The present study made it possible to evaluate the layout of the private gardens of Yamoussoukro. To achieve this goal, a floristic inventory was carried out using two complementary methods. During the inventory, plots were installed. Also, the measurement of trees with a diameter at breast height greater than 2.5 cm was noted. Densities, basal areas, biomass and carbon stocks and diversity indices were calculated. A total of 5269 individuals were counted, of which 2184 have a DBH ≥ 2.5 cm. Senna siamea is the most representative species with 10% of the population. The species of special status identified and the high biomass show that a look must be given to private gardens that can be environments for biodiversity conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Algerian Journal of Arid Environment (AJAE) is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’élevage pastoral au Sahel est extrêmement dépendant des irrégularités climatiques, et particulièrement de la qualité de la saison des pluies qui conditionne la repousse des pâturages et le remplissage des points d’eau. Les éleveurs nomades et transhumants adaptent leurs stratégies de déplacement à l’état et à la disponibilité de ces ressources. Les outils de suivi de la sécurité alimentaire de ces territoires pastoraux doivent donc intégrer, en plus des données spatialisées sur la biomasse, des informations sur ces mouvements pastoraux et sur les facteurs qui les conditionnent. Pour accompagner les systèmes d’alerte locaux au Sahel, l’organisation non gouvernementale Action contre la Faim propose un modèle de vulnérabilité pastorale basé sur des données satellitaires acquises en temps réel et sur la connaissance des pratiques pastorales. Ce modèle permet d’alimenter en informations un système d’alerte précoce en identifiant les zones d’intérêt pastoral déficitaires en ressources plusieurs mois avant la période de soudure potentiellement problématique. La confrontation avec l’information concomitante collectée sur le terrain par des relais sentinelles permet une surveillance de la situation pastorale, contribuant au développement des infrastructures ou au déploiement de l’aide humanitaire.

La steppe algérienne est le milieu d’élevage du mouton par l’exploitation de ses parcours. Dans sa partie aride, la vulnérabilité du milieu est aggravée par une exploitation principalement pastorale de plus en plus intense durant ces dernières décennies. Cette tendance régressive est caractérisée par une baisse de la productivité fourragère et les espèces pérennes sont les plus touchées. L’Etat algérien a mis en oeuvre un programme d’aménagement des espaces steppiques très dégradés à travers la plantation d’espèces végétales résistantes et productives de biomasse comme Atriplex spp. L’objectif de ce travail a été d’estimer la productivité pastorale de quelques stations réhabilitées par la plantation d’Atriplex canescens, comparativement aux parcours naturels pâturés. Les résultats ont montré une amélioration du recouvrement végétal (de 49 % à 60 %) et de meilleures valeurs pastorales (phytomasse, productivité, valeur énergétique et charge pastorale). Sur les zones réhabilitées une productivité énergétique et protéique de 604 unités fourragères lait / ha/an et 29 kg de matière sèche / ha/an, et une charge pastorale de 1,51 unité ovine / ha/an ont été enregistrées, alors que sur les parcours naturels dégradés ces valeurs ont été respectivement de 14 UFL, 0,422 kg MS/ha/an, et 0,03 unité ovine / ha/an. Les stations naturelles sont surexploitées et tendent vers un état de dégradation sévère de la végétation et des sols steppiques. A moins de restaurer ou de réhabiliter les parcours steppiques, leur capacité de productivité pastorale sera fortement réduite.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The emissions released during the burning of biogas are subject to legal limits. In order to comply with these limits, exhaust aftertreatment is required by oxidation catalyst. Over time, decreasing pollutant conversion occur due to aging of the catalyst. Therefore, after only 1.5 years working time, compliance with the formaldehyde limit is no longer possible with certainty. The main reason is the deposition of inorganic compounds called oil ashes. These flue gas components from biogas engines block the catalytic active species and plugs pores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution reports an unprecedentedly efficient dimerization and the first successful polymerization of lignocellulose‐based β‐angelica lactone (β‐AL) by utilizing a selective Lewis pair (LP) catalytic system, thereby establishing a versatile bio‐refinery platform wherein two products, including a dimer for high‐quality gasoline‐like biofuel (C8–C9 branched alkanes, yield=87 %) and a heat‐ and solvent‐resistant acrylic bioplastic (Mn up to 26.0 kg mol−1), can be synthesized from one feedstock by one catalytic system. The underlying reason for exquisite selectivity of the LP catalytic system toward dimerization and polymerization was explored mechanistically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical synthesis of amino acids directly from biomass feedstock is rare. Reported here is a one‐step protocol to convert crude glycerol, from the biodiesel industry, into 43 % alanine over a Ru1Ni7/MgO catalyst. The multifunctional catalytic system promotes glycerol conversion into lactic acid, and then into alanine. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed the existence of bimetallic RuNi species, whereas density‐functional theory calculations suggested Ni‐doped Ru substantially decreased the Ea of C−H bond dissociation of lactate alkoxide to form pyruvate, which is the rate‐determining step. The catalytic route established in this work creates new opportunities for glycerol utilization and enriches the substrate scope of renewable feedstock to access value‐added amino acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gesunde Pflanzen is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)